Capture of Seoul
Chinese forces capture Seoul, the capitol of South Korea
Historical events in 1951
485 historical records
January 195116 historical events
Angular Momentum Quantization in Heavy Nuclei
Publishes a model of heavy nuclei allowing nonspherical average fields and quantized angular motion, improving explanations of large nuclear quadrupole moments.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Invasion of Korea
400,000 Chinese & 100,000 North Koreans open a major offenisive
Invasion of Korea
400,000 Chinese & 100,000 North Koreans open a major offenisive
Siege of Seoul
Orders the evacuation of Seoul
Honorary Membership of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada elects Edwin Hubble an Honorary Member, formally recognising his influence on extragalactic astronomy and observational cosmology.
Battle of Vinh Yen
Launches attacks near Vinh Yen against French mobile forces
Government Ends
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
Prime Minister
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Minister of Labour
Appointed Minister of Labour
The Sinner
Directs Die Sunderin, a controversial West German melodrama starring Hildegard Knef.
Nationalization
Sponsors a bill to Nationalize the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company
Mobilization
Launches a counter-offensive against the Chinese & North Koreans
Birth of Philip David Charles Collins
Birth of Philip David Charles Collins, later Genesis drummer, vocalist and solo artist.
President of Brazil
Appointed President of Brazil, 2nd term
February 19519 historical events
Birth of Kevin Whately
Birth of Kevin Whately, Humshaugh, near Hexham, Northumberland
Strike
Orders the Army to control US railways during the strike
Birth of Joseph Kevin Keegan
Birh of Joseph Kevin Keegan
Nationalisation of Steel
The Iron and Steel Corporation assumes ownership of major iron and steel companies.
Birth of Barzan Ibrahim El-Hasan al-Tikriti
Birth of Barzan Ibrahim El-Hasan al-Tikriti
Politburo Membership
Becomes a senior party leader during the Second Party Congress period
Birth of Gordon Brown
James Gordon Brown is born in Giffnock near Glasgow.
Resignation of Rene Pleven
The coalition Government falls on the issue of electoral reform
Ferranti Mark I Programming
Takes a leading role in preparing programmers to use the Ferranti Mark I delivered to Manchester.
March 195115 historical events
Removal of Foreign Affairs Portfolio
A ministerial adjustment ended al-Rifai’s concurrent appointment as foreign minister while leaving him in office as prime minister. The change altered the distribution of responsibilities within his third cabinet.
Birth of Kenneth Mathieson Dalglish
Birth of Kenneth Mathieson Dalglish
Treasury-Federal Reserve Accord
The Treasury and Federal Reserve announce an accord that ends the central bank's obligation to maintain fixed prices for government securities, restoring greater independence to monetary policy after the wartime interest-rate peg.
Ripper
Launches an operation to recapture Inchon & Kimpo airfield
Resignation of Ernest Bevin
Resigns due to ill health
Prime Minister of Turkey
Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 2nd term
Prime Minister of France
Appointed Prime Minister of France, 3rd term
Foreign Secretary of Great Britain
Appointed Foreign Minister
Capture of Seoul
Counter-attacking Allied forces retake Seoul
Capture of Chunshon
Recaptures Cunshon from the communists
Capture of Seoul
Seoul is recaptured by the Americans. Recaptures Seoul from the communists
Battle of Mao Khe
Attacks French defenses around Mao Khe
Nationalization
Mosaddeq passes a bill nationalizing British Petroleum's Iranian interests
Nationalization
Mosaddeq passes a bill nationalizing British Petroleum's Iranian interests
Agro-Town Proposal
Promotes large planned agricultural settlements before retreating after the proposal draws criticism from Stalin.
April 195142 historical events
Martin Becomes Federal Reserve Chairman
William McChesney Martin begins his long tenure as Federal Reserve chairman, taking office shortly after the Treasury-Federal Reserve Accord restored greater flexibility to monetary policy.
NHS Charges
Proposes charges for dentures and spectacles in the Budget.
Dismissal
Dismissed after publicly demanding the right to bomb Chinese targets in Manchuria
Dismissal
Dimisses MacArthur as Commander of United Nations forces because of his support of war with China
Invasion of Korea
Appointed Commander of the United Nations forces in Korea
Death of Ernest Bevin
Death of Ernest Bevin
Treaty of Paris
Signs the European Coal and Steel Community treaty for Belgium.
ECSC Founding Treaty
Schuman represented France's commitment to the Treaty of Paris and the new supranational Coal and Steel Community.
European Coal and Steel Community
France and five partner states signed the Treaty of Paris, establishing the European Coal and Steel Community.
European Coal and Steel Community
On 18 April 1951 six founder members sign the Treaty of Paris (1951) that formed the basis of the European Coal and Steel Community. They declared this date and the corresponding democratic, supranational principles to be the 'real foundation of Europe'
Treaty of Paris
On 18 April 1951 six founder members sign the Treaty of Paris (1951) that formed the basis of the European Coal and Steel Community. They declared this date and the corresponding democratic, supranational principles to be the 'real foundation of Europe'
European Coal and Steel Community
On 18 April 1951 six founder members sign the Treaty of Paris (1951) that formed the basis of the European Coal and Steel Community. They declared this date and the corresponding democratic, supranational principles to be the 'real foundation of Europe'
Treaty of Paris
On 18 April 1951 six founder members sign the Treaty of Paris (1951) that formed the basis of the European Coal and Steel Community. They declared this date and the corresponding democratic, supranational principles to be the 'real foundation of Europe'
Treaty of Paris
Signs the treaty creating the European Coal and Steel Community, a precursor to the Treaty of Rome.
Treaty of Paris
Signs the European Coal and Steel Community treaty as West Germany enters postwar European cooperation.
Treaty of Paris
Signs the European Coal and Steel Community treaty for Italy.
Treaty of Paris
Supports Luxembourg's participation in the European Coal and Steel Community framework.
Treaty of Paris
Signs the European Coal and Steel Community treaty for the Netherlands.
US Military Assistance Advisory Group
The United States announces plans to establish a Military Assistance Advisory Group in Taiwan to strengthen Nationalist defense capabilities.
Bevanite Resignation
Resigns and becomes the focus of Labour left opposition.
Resignation of Aneurin Bevan
Resigns in protest over health charges and rearmament spending.
Resignation of John Freeman
Resigns alongside Bevan and Wilson over the charges dispute.
Resignation of Harold Wilson
Resigns with Bevan over the health charges dispute.
Resignation of Harold Wilson
Resigns from the Cabinet in protest against health service charges to pay defence
Resignation of Harold Wilson
Wilson becomes a left-winger and joins Aneurin Bevan and John Freeman in resigning from the Government in protest at the introduction of National Health Service (NHS) health service charges to meet the financial demands imposed by the Korean War
Resignation of Harold Wilson
Wilson becomes a left-winger and joins Aneurin Bevan and John Freeman in resigning from the Government in protest at the introduction of National Health Service (NHS) health service charges to meet the financial demands imposed by the Korean War.
Battle of Imjin River
Carries out a defensive action against the North Koreans
Capital
Parliament ratifes Amman becoming capital of an enlarged Jordan
Rule of Bethlehem
Bethlehem, Hebron, Nablus and Ramallah become part of the Kingdom of Jordan
Rule of Hebron
Bethlehem, Hebron, Nablus and Ramallah become part of the Kingdom of Jordan
Rule of Jerusalem
The eastern part of Jerusalem will be ruled by Jordan
Rule of Nablus
Bethlehem, Hebron, Nablus and Ramallah become part of the Kingdom of Jordan
Rule of Palestine
The Jordanian Parliament ratifies a proposal to annex Palestinian land
Rule of Ramallah
Bethlehem, Hebron, Nablus and Ramallah become part of the Kingdom of Jordan
Prime Minister of Iran
Appointed Prime Minister of Iran
Prime Minister of Iran
Appointed Prime Minister of Iran after two weeks of rioting in Abadan
Competitive Barcelona Debut
Makes his competitive Barcelona debut in a Copa victory away to Sevilla.
ECSC Treaty Negotiations
Monnet helped shape the supranational institutions incorporated into the Treaty of Paris establishing the ECSC.
NHS Charges
Proposes charges for dentures and spectacles in the 1951 Budget.
Cabinet Dispute
Opposes health charges linked to rearmament spending.
First Five-Year Plan
Nehru's government launches the First Five-Year Plan with a strong emphasis on agriculture, irrigation and development.
Prime Minister of Iran
Appointed Prime Minister of Iran
May 195113 historical events
Nationalization
The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company is nationalized after parliamentary approval and royal assent
Nationalization
Fatemi supports the oil nationalization programme and the challenge to British control
United States Defence Agreement
Iceland concludes a defence agreement with the United States providing facilities for NATO defence responsibilities while preserving Icelandic sovereignty.
Birth of Paul Thompson
Birth of Paul Thompson, drummer with Roxy Music
President of Bolivia
Ballivian Rojas assumes power after the outgoing government blocks the elected MNR.
Offensive
An offensive is launched against the United Nations forces in central Korea
Debut
Nicholson's only international appearance, because of injuries, the dominance of Billy Wright, and on many occasions he put his club before his country. Makes his full international debut for England against Portugal at Goodison Park, Liverpool, and makes an immediate.
Seventeen Point Agreement
Chinese and Tibetan representatives sign the Seventeen Point Agreement in Beijing.
Britain submits Iranian oil nationalization to the International Court of Justice
Britain submits Iranian oil nationalization to the International Court of Justice
International Court of Justice
Britain submits Iranian oil nationalization to the International Court of Justice
Nationalization
Britain submits Iranian oil nationalization to the International Court of Justice
Battle of Day River
Conducts attacks along the Day River against French positions
Health of George VI
Prostrated by an attack of influenza, most official engagements are cancelled
June 19518 historical events
Prime Minister of Ireland
Appointed Prime Minister of Ireland, 2nd term
President of Austria
Appointed President of Austria
Armistice
The Russian delegate to the United Nations calls for an armistice
Armistice
Makes a radio broadcast offering to send representitives to discuss a cease-fire
Independence of Kenya
The urban radicals capture control of the formerly loyalist Nairobi KAU by packing KAU meetings with trade union members then create a secret Central Committee to organize the oath campaign throughout Nairobi
KAU
The Central Committee quickly forms armed squads to enforce its policies, protect members from the police, and kill informers and collaborators
KAU
The urban radicals capture control of the formerly loyalist Nairobi KAU by packing KAU meetings with trade union members then create a secret Central Committee to organize the oath campaign throughout Nairobi
Oath
The urban radicals capture control of the formerly loyalist Nairobi KAU by packing KAU meetings with trade union members then create a secret Central Committee to organize the oath campaign throughout Nairobi
July 195120 historical events
Birth of Trevor Eve
Birth of Trevor Eve.
International Court of Justice
Iran rejects an interim order by the International Court of Justice
Nationalization
Iran rejects an interim order by the International Court of Justice
Armistice
Armistice negotiations open between the Commanders of both sides
Renewed Foreign Affairs Responsibility
Al-Rifai again took responsibility for foreign affairs alongside the premiership during the final phase of his third government. The cabinet’s responsibilities were reorganized shortly before its departure from office.
Visit to Amman
Arrives in Jordan to discuss peace between Israel & Jordan
The Catcher in the Rye", chronicling 48 hours in the life of a teenage rebel, Holden Caulfield, as he wanders the streets of New York in a state of mental collapse, it enjoyed early, but modest success
Publication of "The Catcher in the Rye", chronicling 48 hours in the life of a teenage rebel, Holden Caulfield, as he wanders the streets of New York in a state of mental collapse, it enjoyed early, but modest success
The Catcher in the Rye
Publication of "The Catcher in the Rye", chronicling 48 hours in the life of a teenage rebel, Holden Caulfield, as he wanders the streets of New York in a state of mental collapse, it enjoyed early, but modest success
Assassination of Abdullah I
Abdullah I is martyred at al-Aqsa mosque in al-Quds. Abdullah I is assassinated during peace talks between Israel & Jordan
Death of Abdullah I
Death of Abdullah I, assassinated
Assassination of Abdullah I
Abdullah I is assassinated in the presence of Hussein I
Death of Abdullah I
Death of King Abdullah I of Jordan
Assassination of Abdullah I
Abdullah I is assassinated during peace talks between Israel & Jordan
Third Premiership Ends
Al-Rifai’s third government concluded after serving from December 1950. His term included changes to his foreign affairs responsibilities and coincided with a pivotal year for the Jordanian monarchy.
Korean Armistice Diplomacy
Takes direct responsibility for Chinese policy as Korean armistice negotiations begin.
ANC
The ANC, the Indian Congress & the Franchise Action Council demonstrate. Rejects ANC demands to repeal apartheid legislation
Demonstrations
The ANC, the Indian Congress & the Franchise Action Council demonstrate. Rejects ANC demands to repeal apartheid legislation
Franchise
The ANC, the Indian Congress & the Franchise Action Council demonstrate
Armistice
Represents the North Korean Peoples Army
Peace
Truce talks begin. Opposes the UNs attempt to sign a separate armistice
August 195110 historical events
Abdication
Leopolds return threatens civil war. Leopold abdicates in favour of his son Prince Baudouin
Referendum
57% vote for Leopolds restoration in a referendum
Armistice
Breaks the Armistice negotiations claiming North Korea has broken demilitarization rules
Nuclear Power
Congress rejects Russian proposals for arms & atomic weapons
Prime Minister of France
Appointed Prime Minister of France, 2nd term, forms a coalition of the Centre
Birth of Edward Witten
Birth of Edward Witten
Government
The USA & the Philippines form a mutual defence pact
European Army
Proposes a European Army at the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe. Churchills proposal is accepted by 89 votes to 5
Mayor
Appointed Mayor of the eastern part of Jerusalem
Rule of Jerusalem
Appointed Mayor of the eastern part of Jerusalem
September 195119 historical events
Pacific Security Agreement
The USA, Australia & New Zealand sign the Pacific Security Agreement
Peace Treaty
The San Francisco Peace Treaty talks begin
Birth of Michael Keaton
Birth of Michael Keaton, Michael John Douglas
Succession
King Abdullahs eldest son, King Talal, assumed the throne
San Francisco Peace Treaty Exclusion
The San Francisco Peace Treaty is signed without Republic of China participation, creating new diplomatic challenges for Chiang’s government.
Treaty Signed at San Francisco
The US & Japan sign a mutual security Treaty
Treaty of Security
Japan & Washington sign the Japan Security Treaty
Treaty of Security
US troops are given bases in Japan for any confrontation with Russia. The SDF is created to protect Japan
Independence of Japan
Japan regains its status as an independent country
Peace Treaty
Japan signs the international Peace Treaty, officially ending the war for Japan. Japan regains its status as an independent country. Japanese reparations are abolished. 48 nations sign the peace Treaty
Reparations
All Japanese reparations are abolished
Peace Treaty
The US & 49 other powers sign a peace Treaty with Japan, Russia boycotts the session
Parliament
Visits George VI with a request to dissolve Parliament
Government Ends
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
Prime Minister
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Health of George VI
Operated on at Buckingham Palace
Discovery of Ananke
Discovers Ananke, another distant retrograde moon of Jupiter.
Point Reyes Plane Crash
Survives a military aircraft crash into the Pacific near Point Reyes and swims to shore.
Dissolution of Parliament
Agrees to the Prime Minister's request to close Parliament
October 195146 historical events
Birth of Gordon Matthew Sting Sumner
Birth of Gordon Matthew "Sting" Sumner
Appropriation Bill
The House of Reps approves $56.9 billion for the armed forces Appropriation Bill
Budget
The House of Reps approves $56.9 billion for the armed forces Appropriation Bill
Assassination of Henry Gurney
Assassinated in Malaya by a Communist
Death of Henry Gurney
Assassinated in Malaya by a Communist
Visit to To Canada
Sets off for a 6 week state visit to Canada
Constitution of Kingdom of Libya
Libyan representatives adopt a federal constitution establishing a hereditary constitutional monarchy.
Treaty Abrogation
Announces abrogation of the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty and demands British evacuation from the Canal Zone.
Crisis
Ends 8 months of ministerial crisis by forming a coalition Government
Government
Ends 8 months of ministerial crisis by forming a coalition Government
Britain's oil dispute with Iran is placed
Britain's oil dispute with Iran is placed before the United Nations Security Council
Assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan
Liaquat Ali Khan is assassinated while addressing a public meeting in Rawalpindi.
Assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan
The assassination ends Liaquat Ali Khan's four-year premiership.
Death of Liaquat Ali Khan
Liaquat Ali Khan dies from gunshot wounds after the Rawalpindi attack.
Death of Liaquat Ali Khan
Pakistan mourns Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan after his assassination.
Governor-General Resignation
Nazimuddin leaves the Governor-General's office to become Prime Minister.
Governor-General of Pakistan
Malik Ghulam Muhammad becomes Governor-General after Nazimuddin changes office.
Prime Minister of Pakistan
Nazimuddin begins his premiership after leaving the Governor-General's office.
Succession
Khwaja Nazimuddin succeeds Liaquat Ali Khan as Prime Minister.
Birth of Claudio Ranieri
Claudio Ranieri is born in Rome and later builds a career as a defender and an internationally experienced football manager.
National Party
Malans Herenigde National Party & Havengas Afrikaner Party merge
National Party
Malans Herenigde National Party & Havengas Afrikaner Party merge
President of Bolivia
Urriolagoitia begins serving as President of Bolivia after Hertzog's resignation.
Implementation of Seventeen Point Agreement
Mao receives a telegram accepting implementation of the Seventeen Point Agreement in Tibet.
Election
The Conservatives win 321 seats, Labour 295, Liberals 6 & United Ireland 3
General Election
Retains Plymouth Devonport for Labour at the 1951 general election.
Election
The Labour Party wins 48.8% of votes cast and 295 MPs
Election
Returns as Prime Minister after the Conservative election victory.
General Election
Retains Birmingham Stechford for Labour at the general election.
General Election
Retains Coventry East despite Labour losing the general election.
General Election
Retains Wakefield for Labour in his final general election.
Government
Churchill accepts George VIs commission to form a Government
Government
Churchill accepts George VIs commission to form a Government
Conservative Government Return
Serves as a Conservative backbencher after Winston Churchill returns to office.
Resignation of Clement Richard Attlee
Attlee hands in his resignation as Prime Minister to George VI
Resignation of Clement Richard Attlee
Attlee hands in his resignation as Prime Minister to George VI
Home Secretary of Great Britain
Appointed Home Secretary
Alliance Agreement with Britain & the 1899 Sudan agreement
Egypt breaks off the 1936 Treaty of alliance with Britain & the 1899 Sudan agreement
Alliance Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill and Britain and the 1899 Sudan agreement
Egypt breaks off the 1936 Treaty of alliance with Britain & the 1899 Sudan agreement
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 3rd term
Treaty of Alliance
Egypt breaks off the 1936 Treaty of alliance & the 1899 agreement over Sudan
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointed Minister of Defence
Foreign Secretary of Great Britain
Appointed Foreign Minister
Foreign Secretary
Returns to the Foreign Office after Churchill's Conservatives win the election
Parliament
Calls for dissolution after Labour's introduction of prescription charges
First General Election
India begins its first general election, conducted over multiple phases from 1951 into 1952.
November 195124 historical events
United Nations
The US, France & Britain produce a disarmament plan to introduce to the United Nations Assembly
United Nations
The US, France & Britain produce a disarmament plan to introduce to the United Nations Assembly
United Nations
The US, France & Britain produce a disarmament plan to introduce to the United Nations Assembly
Senator
First elected member of the US Senate, ahead of Helen Douglas
United Nations
Vetoes the disarmament proposals forwarded to the United Nations by France, the US & Britain
Diplomatic Plan
Places a disarmament plan before the United Nations General Assembly, countrered by Russia
United Nations
Places a disarmament plan before the United Nations General Assembly, countrered by Russia
Foreign Policy Statement at London
France, Britain, USA & Turkey announce a security programme for the Near East
Peace
Peace negotiations take place at Panmunjon
Armistice
A 2nd round of peace negotiations begins
Prime Minister of Norway
Appointed Prime Minister of Norway
Egypt offers to let the future of Sudan be decided by plebiscite
Egypt offers to let the future of Sudan be decided by plebiscite under United Nations supervision
Second Einar Gerhardsen Government
The Second Einar Gerhardsen Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.
Oscar Torp Government
Begins the Oscar Torp Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.
Historical Analysis
Kerensky participates in historical analysis during his political career.
Prime Minister
Becomes Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Laos
Armistice
Both sides agree to a cease-fire along a demarcation line
Negotiations
The armistice negotiations reach an agreement over the "demarcation line"
Housing
Announces the design for the "Peoples House"
Meeting with President Truman in Washington
Meets President Truman in Washington
Morphogenesis Manuscript Submitted
Submits his major manuscript on the mathematical basis of biological pattern formation to the Royal Society.
Election
The Nairobi radicals attempt to take control of the national KAU at a countrywide conference, but are outmanoeuvred by Jomo Kenyatta, who secures the election for himself
Independence of Kenya
Pressure from the radicals forces the KAU to adopt a pro-independence position for the first time
KAU
The Nairobi radicals attempt to take control of the national KAU at a countrywide conference, but are outmanoeuvred by Jomo Kenyatta, who secures the election for himself. Pressure from the radicals forces the KAU to adopt a pro-independence position for the first time
December 19519 historical events
Constitution of Germany
The FDR & DDR agree to send reresentatives to the United Nations to discuss free elections. Russia opposes free elections in Germany
Election
The FDR & DDR agree to send reresentatives to the United Nations to discuss free elections. Russia opposes free elections in Germany
Anniversary
Celebrates the 15th year of his accession to the throne
Retirement
DiMaggio announces his retirement from baseball
EBR-I
Experimental breeder reactor produces electricity from nuclear fuel.
Birth of Anthony Edwin Phillips
Birth of Anthony Edwin Phillips, later Genesis guitarist and founding member.
First National Government
Al-Muntasir becomes the first prime minister of independent Libya.
Accession as King
Idris becomes king of the newly independent United Kingdom of Libya.
Motorcycle Journey Departure
Guevara and Alberto Granado begin their South American journey on the Norton motorcycle La Poderosa II.
Election
Peron is elected for a 2nd term, the administration was widely supported by the labor unions, the military and the Catholic Church
La Prensa
Bans La Prensa
Coup
Defeats an attempted military coup
Prime Minister of Australia
Appointed Prime Minister of Australia, 3rd term
Assistant Chief of Staff
Appointed Assistant Chief of Staff and Political Adviser
Death of Ludwig Wittgenstein
Death of Ludwig Wittgenstein
The Ways of Man According to the Teachings of Hasidim
Publication of "Two Types of Faith". Publication of "The Ways of Man According to the Teachings of Hasidim"
Two Types of Faith
Publication of "Two Types of Faith". Publication of "The Ways of Man According to the Teachings of Hasidim"
Science and Humanism Lectures
Develops lectures connecting scientific knowledge with broader philosophical questions about human understanding, culture and responsibility.
Arrest of Lothar Rendulic
Sentenced to 20 yrs for crimes that could not be proven & released in 1951
Presidential Election
Paz Estenssoro wins the presidential election but is prevented from taking office.
Coup
Leads a coup preventing Estonsoro from taking power
Coup
Forced to handover power to a 10 man military Junta
Death of Getulio Vargas
Death of Getulio Vargas, commits suicide
Suicide
Death of Getulio Vargas, commits suicide
Purge
Purges include the Deputy Prime Minister Kostov & Prime Minister Vulko Chervenkov. 17 Central Committee members are purged
The Mechanical Bride
Publication of "The Mechanical Bride"
Chief of Staff
Appointed Officer Chief of Staff
Persecution
The communists conduct mass trials against "counterrevolutionaries"
Land Reform Program
Advances land reform policies intended to reduce tenant burdens, broaden land ownership and strengthen the rural economy in Taiwan.
Rule of Sudan
Farouk proclaims himself the King of Sudan
Succession
Farouk proclaims himself the King of Sudan
Diary of a Country Priest
Directs Diary of a Country Priest.
European Coal and Steel Community Origins
The EU grows out of the European Coal and Steel Community by the 6 founders, Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, France & Italy
European Coal and Steel Community
The EU grows out of the European Coal and Steel Community by the 6 founders, Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, France & Italy
European Coal and Steel Community
The six founding states used the ECSC as the first supranational step toward the later European Economic Community.
Schuman Declaration
The Treaty of Paris created the ECSC, providing an institutional model for the later European Economic Community.
Schuman Declaration
Within one year, on 18 April 1951, the six founding members signed the Treaty of Paris. It created the European Coal and Steel Community - Europe’s first supranational Community. This organization paved the way for the European Economic Community and subsequently the European Union, which is still run by the innovative type of European institutions conceived in 1950
Treaty of Paris
France joined West Germany, Italy and the Benelux countries in signing the Treaty of Paris establishing the ECSC.
Treaty of Paris
France, Italy, the Benelux countries (Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg) together with West Germany sign the Treaty of Paris creating the European Coal and Steel Community the following year
European Coal and Steel Community
The EU grows out of the European Coal and Steel Community by the 6 founders, Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, France & Italy. Develops a plan for European economic & military unity & Franco-German rapprochment
Schuman Declaration
Within one year, on 18 April 1951, the six founding members signed the Treaty of Paris. It created the European Coal and Steel Community - Europe’s first supranational Community. This organization paved the way for the European Economic Community and subsequently the European Union, which is still run by the innovative type of European institutions conceived in 1950
The Rebel
Camus publishes The Rebel, examining revolt, revolution and the limits of political violence.
Nuclear Chemistry
Continues research despite declining health from radiation exposure.
Electron Probe Microanalysis
Develops quantitative chemical microanalysis by focusing electrons onto a specimen and measuring the characteristic X-rays produced.
Minima Moralia
Adorno publishes Minima Moralia: Reflections from Damaged Life.
Washington School Appointment
Marcuse began teaching at the Washington School of Psychiatry, bringing critical social thought to a new audience.
Laughter in Paradise
Stas in Laughter in Paradise. Most celebrated performance playing the title role of Scrooge in a film adaptation of Charles Dickenss A Christmas Carol
The Man in the White Suit
Starts in "The Man in the White Suit". Starts in "The Lavender Hill Mob"
Atoll K
Laurel and Hardy make their final film. Atoll K (also known as Utopia)
Oliver and Hardy
Laurel and Hardy make their final film. Atoll K (also known as Utopia)
Lavender Hill Mob
Directs The Lavender Hill Mob
A Place in the Sun
A Place in the Sun is a 1951 American drama film based on the novel An American Tragedy by Theodore Dreiser and the play, also titled An American Tragedy, which was adapted by Patrick Kearney from the novel. A Place in the Sun, directed by George Stevens from a screenplay by Harry Brown and Michael Wilson, and stars Montgomery Clift, Elizabeth Taylor, Shelley Winters, Anne Revere, and Raymond Burr
The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel
Stars in The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel. Stars in Pandora and the Flying Dutchman
Close to my Heart
Gives a heart-breaking performance in "Close to my Heart" starring opposite Gene Tierney as a couple trying to adopt a child
The Lavender Hill Mob
First major comedy role in The Lavender Hill Mob
Let's Go Crazy - Cedric
Sellers appears as Cedric in the revue-style short film Let's Go Crazy.
Let's Go Crazy - Crystal Jollibottom
Sellers portrays Crystal Jollibottom in the short film Let's Go Crazy.
Let's Go Crazy - Giuseppe
Sellers takes the part of Giuseppe in the multi-character short Let's Go Crazy.
Let's Go Crazy - Gozzunk
Sellers adds the character Gozzunk to his range of parts in Let's Go Crazy.
Let's Go Crazy - Groucho
Sellers performs a Groucho-style character in the short comedy Let's Go Crazy.
Let's Go Crazy - Izzy
Sellers plays Izzy as one of several comic identities in Let's Go Crazy.
London Entertains
Sellers appears in the British entertainment film London Entertains.
Penny Points to Paradise - Arnold Fringe
Sellers also portrays Arnold Fringe in Penny Points to Paradise.
Penny Points to Paradise - The Major
Sellers plays the Major in the comedy Penny Points to Paradise.
The Pilgrims Progress
1st performance of, "The Pilgrims Progress"
England Your England Collected
Orwell's essay England Your England circulated in a posthumous collection of his writings.
In Place of Fear Draft
Prepares essays later published as In Place of Fear.
Mount Everest
Hillary is part of a British reconnaissance expedition to Everest led by Eric Shipton before joining the successful British attempt of 1953
Junior Minister of Housing
Appointed Junior Minister of Housing by MacMillan
Secretary
Appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to MacMillan
Publication of Dancer's End
Publishes the poetry collection Dancer's End.
Publication of The Wedding Gift
Publishes the poetry collection The Wedding Gift.
Board of Trade
Appointed President of the Board of Trade
President of Board of Trade
Appointed President of the Board of Trade
European Defence Community (EDC)
Churchill & Eden decide to stay out of the European Defence Community
Government Report
After a report by Norman Brook is passed from the PM to the Home Office
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Attempts to appoint Eden as Deputy PM but George VI refuses due to Churchills age, 77
Reform of Government
After a report by Norman Brook is passed from the PM to the Home Office
Restoration
Restores the Home Guard, founded in 1940, for possible use against Stalin
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer
European Defence Community (EDC)
Attends a NATO meeting & says that Britain cannot join the European Defence Community
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Attends a NATO meeting & says that Britain cannot join the European Defence Community
Housing
Calls for a housing crusade & the revival of 1940 spirit
Minister of Housing
Appointed Minister of Housing
Reform of Housing
While in office constructs 300,000 houses per year. Makes the Housing Department productive rather than administritive
Leader of the House of Lords
Appointed Leader of the House of Lords, 2nd term
Lord Privy Seal
Appointed Lord Privy Seal
Speaker of House of Commons
Appointed Speaker of the House of Commons
Resignation of John Freeman
Resigns because Labour introduce prescription charges
Lord Privy Seal
Appointed Lord Privy Seal
Resignation of Aneurin Bevan
Resigns in protest against cuts on social services
Resignation of Aneurin Bevan
Resigns because Labour introduces NHS charges
Minister of Works
Appointed Minister of Works
Festival of Britain Supplementary Provisions Act
Festival of Britain Supplementary Provisions Act 1951 supports legal arrangements for the Festival of Britain
Press Secretary
Serves as Attlee's Press Secretary
Treaty of Colombo Plan
Initiates the Colombo Plan for South Asia
Finance Act
Finance Act 1951 sets taxation and revenue measures during the final Attlee administration
Leasehold Property Temporary Provisions Act
Leasehold Property Temporary Provisions Act 1951 gives temporary protection to certain leaseholders
Armed Forces Act
Armed Forces Act 1951 continues and amends service discipline law
Reserve and Auxiliary Forces Act
Reserve and Auxiliary Forces Act 1951 reforms reserve and auxiliary military forces
National Health Service Act
National Health Service Act 1951 authorises charges for some National Health Service dental and optical services
Rivers Prevention of Pollution Act
Rivers Prevention of Pollution Act 1951 creates controls over polluting discharges into rivers
Highways Provision of Cattle Grids Act
Highways Provision of Cattle Grids Act 1951 permits cattle grids and related highway works
Festival of Britain
Opens the Festival of Britain
Birth of Elizabeth II
Received by the Pope & celebrates her 25th birthday
Visit to Rome
Pays a royal state visit to Italy
Visit to To Italy
Received by the Pope & celebrates her 25th birthday. Pays a royal state visit to Italy
Auden Introductory Study
Hoggart published a study of W H Auden, establishing his early reputation as a literary critic.
The Hinge of Fate
Publication of "The Hinge of Fate"
Economy of Great Britain
Takes a statistics post at the University of Birmingham and develops his free-market economic views.
City of Oxford Conservative Association
Joins the City of Oxford Conservative Association while developing his political interests as an undergraduate.
Oxford Union Membership
Joins the Oxford Union on arriving at Oxford and becomes heavily involved in student debating and politics.
Pembroke College Oxford
Enters Pembroke College, Oxford, where he studies Philosophy, Politics and Economics.
1922 Committee
Appointed Chairman of the 1922 Committee
Cambridge University Conservative Association
Serves as chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association while studying at Trinity Hall.
Keep Left Group
Becomes chairman of the Keep Left group associated with Bevanite politics.
Prescription Charges
Supports Bevan during the Labour split over health service charges and rearmament.
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament for Dunbartonshire West
The Current
Begins writing a weekly political column for the Indian newspaper The Current.
Church of Ulster
Founds the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster
Health of George VI
Prostrated by an attack of influenza, most official engagements are cancelled. Has part of his left lung removed because of lung cancer
Masters Degree
Receives an MSc from King's College London and continues research in theoretical physics.
Christopher Strachey Computing Support
Encourages Christopher Stracheys early computer work and provides access to programming information for the Manchester machine.
Fellow of the Royal Society
Is elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in recognition of his major contributions to mathematics and computation.
Machine Intelligence Lecture
Continues lecturing on whether digital computers can think and on the future development of machine intelligence.
Programmers Handbook
Writes the first edition of the Programmers Handbook for the Manchester Electronic Computer Mark II.
Programming Conventions
Documents programming conventions, coding examples, routine organisation and practical methods for users of the Manchester computer.
Ferranti Mark One Delivered To University
An early commercially supplied general purpose electronic computer became operational in Manchester. The work helped transform laboratory discoveries into wider applications.
League Championship
Part of the legendary "push and run" Tottenham team which won the league championship in the 1950-51 season
Manchester City FC
Moves to Manchester City for a transfer fee of pounds 25,000
Player of the Year
FWA Footballer of the Year
Tottenham Hotspur 1951 First Division Title - Alf Ramsey
Alf Ramsey served in the defensive unit of the championship team as Tottenham Hotspur secured the 1950–51 Football League First Division title. The defender combined marking and positional discipline with support for passing from the back.
Tottenham Hotspur 1951 First Division Title - Harry Clarke
Harry Clarke served in the defensive unit of the championship team as Tottenham Hotspur secured the 1950–51 Football League First Division title. The defender combined marking and positional discipline with support for passing from the back.
Newcastle United Defeat Blackpool Under Seymour
Seymour's Newcastle United lift the cup after a 2-0 final success over Blackpool.
Grimsby Town Rebuilding Assignment
Shankly took over at Grimsby Town and set about improving the fortunes of a club playing in the regionalised Third Division North.
Tottenham Hotspur 1951 First Division Title - Eddie Baily
Eddie Baily represented Tottenham Hotspur during the season ending in 1951, when the club won the Football League First Division. As a forward, Eddie Baily provided runs into scoring positions and attacking pressure during the championship season.
Tottenham Hotspur 1951 First Division Title - Len Duquemin
With Tottenham Hotspur crowned English First Division champions in 1951, Len Duquemin was part of the title-winning side as forward in the squad. The title followed a campaign in which the side built its success through sustained results and teamwork, with Len Duquemin contributing to that collective effort.
Tottenham Hotspur 1951 First Division Title - Les Bennett
Les Bennett was part of the attacking unit that won the league as Tottenham Hotspur secured the 1950–51 Football League First Division title. The forward provided runs into scoring positions and attacking pressure during the championship season.
Everton League Career Begins
Saunders joins Everton's senior playing ranks and begins his professional career as a centre-forward.
Tottenham Hotspur 1951 First Division Title - Ted Ditchburn
Ted Ditchburn represented Tottenham Hotspur during the season ending in 1951, when the club won the Football League First Division. As a goalkeeper, Ted Ditchburn provided handling, positioning and vital saves behind the defence over the league season.
Tottenham Hotspur 1951 First Division Title - Arthur Rowe
The 1951 English league championship was earned by Tottenham Hotspur with Arthur Rowe among the managers associated with the team. Arthur Rowe directed the team through its league-winning campaign and participated in a side that finished above its top-flight rivals.
Third Division South Championship
Billy Walker managed Nottingham Forest to the Third Division South title in 1950-51. That achievement restored the club to the Second Division after a two-season absence.
Tottenham Hotspur 1951 First Division Title - Bill Nicholson
With Tottenham Hotspur crowned English First Division champions in 1951, Bill Nicholson was part of the title-winning side as midfielder in the squad. The title followed a campaign in which the side built its success through sustained results and teamwork, with Bill Nicholson contributing to that collective effort.
Tottenham Hotspur 1951 First Division Title - Ron Burgess
The 1951 English league championship was earned by Tottenham Hotspur with Ron Burgess among the midfielders associated with the team. Ron Burgess featured in the midfield of the league champions and participated in a side that finished above its top-flight rivals.
Tottenham Hotspur 1951 First Division Title - Sonny Walters
The 1951 English league championship was earned by Tottenham Hotspur with Sonny Walters among the wingers associated with the team. Sonny Walters operated in wide positions during the successful campaign and participated in a side that finished above its top-flight rivals.
Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe
Appointed Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe within NATO's integrated command structure.
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Attends a NATO meeting & says that Britain cannot join the European Defence Community
Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe
Appointed Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe within NATO's integrated command structure.
Battle of Alamein, 2nd
Uses the phrase, Before Alamein we never had a victory. After Alamein we never had a defeat.
Constitution of Guatemala
Arbenz assumes the presidency after Guatemalas first-ever universal-suffrage election, marking the first peaceful transition of power in Guatemalas history
Election
Campaigns as a reformer and wins 60% of the vote by promising to make Guatemala an economically independent, capitalist state that would shed its colonial-era dependence on the US. Arbenz assumes the presidency after Guatemalas first-ever universal-suffrage election, marking the first peaceful transition of power in Guatemalas history
Independence of Guatemala
Campaigns as a reformer and wins 60% of the vote by promising to make Guatemala an economically independent, capitalist state that would shed its colonial-era dependence on the US
President of Guatemala
Appointed President of Guatemala
UCAS
Guatemala becomes a founder member of the Union of Central American States
Arrest of Janos Kadar
Imprisoned for deviation from Stalinism, 1951-1953. Expelled from the Communist Party & imprisoned, 1951-1954
Cholera Toxin Experiments
Sambhu Nath De and colleagues publish experimental work demonstrating the damaging action of cholera toxin on the intestine.
Vaidya Metric
Vaidya publishes an exact solution of Einstein's field equations describing the gravitational field outside a radiating star.
Nationalization
Expels western personnel from the Abadan oil refineries
Plot
Failed assassination attempt, during the uprising led by Mussadeq
Niigata Bank
Constructs a Bank at Niigata
Golden Lion-Kurosawa
Awarded the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival for Rashomon
Honorary Academy Award
Honorary Academy Award: Best Foreign Language Film for Rashomon
The Idiot
Kurosawas The Idiot
DP
Helps found the Democratic Party
Succession
Succeeds as King of Jordan
Chief of Police Appointed
Becomes Chief of Police during the late protectorate period
Prime Minister of Kampuchea
Appointed Prime Minister of Kampuchea
Prime Minister of Kampuchea
Appointed Prime Minister of Kampuchea, 1st term
Cercle Marxiste
Joins a communist cell in a secret organisation known as the Cercle Marxiste which had taken control of the Khmer Students Association (AER) that same year
KCP
Founded when the Indochinese Communist Party (ICP) was divided into separate Kampuchean, Lao, and Vietnamese communist parties.
KCP
Joins a communist cell in a secret organisation known as the Cercle Marxiste which had taken control of the Khmer Students Association (AER) that same year.
KCP
Pol Pot helps tranform the Khmer Students Association (KSA), to which most of the 200 or so Khmer students in Paris belonged, into an organisation for nationalist and leftist ideas.
KSA
Pol Pot helps tranform the Khmer Students Association (KSA), to which most of the 200 or so Khmer students in Paris belonged, into an organisation for nationalist and leftist ideas
Khmer Students Association
Joins a communist cell in a secret organisation known as the Cercle Marxiste which had taken control of the Khmer Students Association (AER) that same year
Constitution of Kenya
Griffith ignores the KAUs demands and proposes a Legislative Council in which the 30,000 white settlers receive 14 representatives, the 100,000 Asians got six, the 24,000 Arabs one, and the five million Africans five representatives
Independence of Kenya
British Colonial Secretary, James Griffiths, visits Kenya, where the Kenya African Union presents a list of demands ranging from the removal of discriminatory legislation to the inclusion of 12 elected black representatives on the Legislative Council.
Independence of Kenya
Griffith ignores the KAUs demands and proposes a Legislative Council in which the 30,000 white settlers receive 14 representatives, the 100,000 Asians got six, the 24,000 Arabs one, and the five million Africans five representatives.
Independence of Kenya
Pressure from the radicals forces the KAU to adopt a pro-independence position for the first time.
KAU
British Colonial Secretary, James Griffiths, visits Kenya, where the Kenya African Union presents a list of demands ranging from the removal of discriminatory legislation to the inclusion of 12 elected black representatives on the Legislative Council
KAU
Griffith ignores the KAUs demands and proposes a Legislative Council in which the 30,000 white settlers receive 14 representatives, the 100,000 Asians got six, the 24,000 Arabs one, and the five million Africans five representatives.
KAU
The Central Committee quickly forms armed squads to enforce its policies, protect members from the police, and kill informers and collaborators.
KAU
The Nairobi radicals attempt to take control of the national KAU at a countrywide conference, but are outmanoeuvred by Jomo Kenyatta, who secures the election for himself. Pressure from the radicals forces the KAU to adopt a pro-independence position for the first time.
Mount Everest
Hillary is part of a British reconnaissance expedition to Everest led by Eric Shipton before joining the successful British attempt of 1953
Prime Minister of New Zealand
Appointed Prime Minister of New Zealand, 2nd term
Doctorate
Completes a doctorate in theoretical physics at Cambridge with research that advances quantum electrodynamics.
Government College
Returns to Pakistan and teaches mathematics at Government College in Lahore.
Commander in Chief
Muhammad Ayub Khan is appointed Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Army.
Commander in Chief
Is appointed commander in chief of the Paraguayan armed forces before his seizure of power.
Arrest of Wladyslaw Gomulka
Kept in "protective custody" for being considerred too nationalistic by Moscow
Arrest of Wladyslaw Gomulka
Gomulka is arrested
The Stars, Like Dust
Publication of "The Stars, Like Dust"
Camp Sentence Completion
Shalamov completed his prison sentence but remained obliged to work in remote settlements before returning home.
Economy of Russia
5th Five-Year Plan, 1951-55
Memoir Revision
Revises accounts of his role in 1917.
Belousov Oscillating Reaction
Discovers a chemical reaction whose concentrations change repeatedly over time.
Chemical Oscillations
The achievement marks chemical oscillations as an important Russian scientific milestone.
Compression-Distraction Osteogenesis
The achievement marks compression-distraction osteogenesis as an important Russian scientific milestone.
Ilizarov Apparatus
Develops an external ring fixation system for complex bone injuries.
Electronic Digital Computing
The achievement marks electronic digital computing as an important Russian scientific milestone.
MESM Computer
Completes one of continental Europe's earliest operational electronic digital computers.
Copa del Generalisimo Victory
Coaches Barcelona to the Spanish Cup during the opening phase of the Kubala era.
Bantu Authorities Act
Bantu Authorities Act, Provided for the establishment of black homelands and regional authorities and, with the aim of creating greater self-Government in the homelands, abolished the Native Representative Council
Constitution of South Africa
Separate Representation of Voters Act, apartheid legislation
Legislation
Separate Representation of Voters Act, led to the removal of Coloureds from the common voters roll. Separate Representation of Voters Act, apartheid legislation. Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act, apartheid legislation. Bantu Authorities Act, Provided for the establishment of black homelands and regional authorities and, with the aim of creating greater self-Government in the homelands, abolished the Native Representative Council. Bantu Authorities Act, apartheid legislation
ANCYL Presidency
Is elected president of the ANC Youth League.
Youth League National Leadership
Leads the Youth League as mass resistance planning intensifies.
President of South Africa
Appointed Provincial President of the ANC
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader for the United Party in the Cape
Death of Joaquin Chapaprieta
Death of Joaquin Chapaprieta
Deputy Foreign Minister
Appointed Deputy Foreign Minister
Uppsala Law Degree
Completes his law degree at Uppsala University, establishing the legal foundation for his later diplomatic and international-law career.
President of Syria
Appointed President of Syria
Boxing Champion
Holds Ugandas light heavyweight boxing championship from 1951 to 1960
Pandora and the Flying Dutchman
Directs Pandora and the Flying Dutchman
A Place in the Sun
A Place in the Sun, directed by George Stevens from a screenplay by Harry Brown and Michael Wilson, and stars Montgomery Clift, Elizabeth Taylor, Shelley Winters, Anne Revere, and Raymond Burr
Marriage
Marries Frank Sinatra
Pandora and the Flying Dutchman
Stars in Pandora and the Flying Dutchman
Youre in the Navy Now
Bronsons first film role, an uncredited one, is as a sailor in Youre in the Navy Now
A Place in the Sun
A Place in the Sun, directed by George Stevens from a screenplay by Harry Brown and Michael Wilson, and stars Montgomery Clift, Elizabeth Taylor, Shelley Winters, Anne Revere, and Raymond Burr
Fourteen Hours
Stars in, "Fourteen Hours"
Home Town Story
Has supporting roles in four low-budget films released in 1951, in the MGM drama Home Town Story, and in three moderately successful comedies for Fox, As Young as You Feel, Love Nest, and Lets Make It Legal
A Place in the Sun
A Place in the Sun, directed by George Stevens from a screenplay by Harry Brown and Michael Wilson, and stars Montgomery Clift, Elizabeth Taylor, Shelley Winters, Anne Revere, and Raymond Burr
Atoll K
Laurel and Hardy make their final film. Atoll K (also known as Utopia)
Oliver and Hardy
Laurel and Hardy make their final film. Atoll K (also known as Utopia)
The Day the Earth Stood Still
Stars in, "The Day the Earth Stood Still"
A Place in the Sun
A Place in the Sun is a 1951 American drama film based on the novel An American Tragedy by Theodore Dreiser and the play, also titled An American Tragedy, which was adapted by Patrick Kearney from the novel
A Place in the Sun
A Place in the Sun, directed by George Stevens from a screenplay by Harry Brown and Michael Wilson, and stars Montgomery Clift, Elizabeth Taylor, Shelley Winters, Anne Revere, and Raymond Burr
A Place in the Sun
A Place in the Sun, directed by George Stevens from a screenplay by Harry Brown and Michael Wilson, and stars Montgomery Clift, Elizabeth Taylor, Shelley Winters, Anne Revere, and Raymond Burr
A Place in the Sun
A Place in the Sun is a 1951 American drama film based on the novel An American Tragedy by Theodore Dreiser and the play, also titled An American Tragedy, which was adapted by Patrick Kearney from the novel
Origins of totalitarianism
Publication of "Origins of totalitarianism"
Foundation Book Edition
Asimov's Foundation appeared as a book, gathering stories about Hari Seldon's plan to shorten a galactic dark age.
Barbary Shore
"Barbary Shore", a surreal parable of Cold War left politics, set in a Brooklyn rooming-house
Cold War
"Barbary Shore", a surreal parable of Cold War left politics, set in a Brooklyn rooming-house
Rock n Roll
The term "Rock n Roll" is first used by Alan Freed, Cleveland disc jockey, taken from the song "My Baby Rocks Me with a Steady Roll"
Three OClock Blues
Records his 7th single, "Three OClock Blues," which becomes a national hit, no 1 in the Rhythm and Blues charts for 15 weeks
Treaty of San Francisco
Concludes the US peace Treaty with Japan
Constitution of USA
US Presidents are restricted to 2 terms of office by the 21st Amendment
Legislation
Legislation is passed limiting the Presidents terms in office to two
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointed Secretary of State for Defence
Deputy Director of Central Intelligence
Appointed Deputy Director of the CIA
William F. Buckley Supervision
Hunt supervised William F. Buckley Jr. during Buckley's CIA service in Mexico, beginning a friendship that lasted for decades.
Kuiper Belt Hypothesis
Kuiper discusses the possibility that numerous icy bodies formed beyond Pluto in the early Solar System.
Cosmological Program for the Palomar Telescope
Hubble publishes his cosmological programme for the Palomar telescope, setting out how the 200-inch instrument could test galaxy distributions, redshifts and the scale of the observable universe.
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries concerning yellow fever and its prevention.
Unified Field Equations Refinement
Refines asymmetric-field approaches intended to combine gravitation and electromagnetism.
Antiferromagnetic Neutron Diffraction
Uses neutron diffraction to reveal magnetic ordering in manganese oxide and confirm antiferromagnetism.
High Energy Particle Experiments
Continues high-energy experiments with mesons and nucleons, combining rapid estimates with detailed measurements to test models of particle interactions.
Manganese Oxide Magnetic Structure
Uses neutron scattering with Shull and Strauser to reveal antiferromagnetic order in manganese oxide.
Manganese Oxide Magnetic Structure
Works with Shull and Wollan to determine manganese oxide antiferromagnetic structure using neutrons.
Military Service
Is drafted into the United States Army during the Korean War period.
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Appointed Supreme Commander of NATO forces in Europe
Deputy Director
Appointed Deputy Director of the CIA
Supreme Commander
Appointed Supreme Commander of NATO forces in Europe
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Appointed Supreme Commander of NATO forces in Europe
ICCP
The ICP is reorganized into three national units-the Vietnam Workers Party, the Lao Itsala, and the Kampuchean (or Khmer) Peoples Revolutionary Party (KPRP)
Vietnam Workers Party
The ICP is reorganized into three national units-the Vietnam Workers Party, the Lao Itsala, and the Kampuchean (or Khmer) Peoples Revolutionary Party (KPRP)
ANC
Appointed Organising Secretary of the Northern Rhodesian African National Congress for Northern Province
Education
Graduates with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Fort Hare
Prison Manuscript Development
Solzhenitsyn continued shaping accounts of Soviet imprisonment while still confined.
And Where Were You Adam
Böll published Wo warst du Adam, an antiwar novel confronting wartime experience.
Group 47 Prize
Böll won the Group 47 literary prize, bringing wider recognition to his writing.
Becomes American Citizen
Arendt became a United States citizen after years of exile and statelessness.
Hinton Oversees Reactor Engineering Programme
Hinton directs major engineering work that supports the development of Britain's first generation of large nuclear reactors.