President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Historical events in 1955
580 historical records
January 195521 historical events
Purge
Decides that there is no alternative to armed & violent resistance
Independence of Germany
Recognizes the Independence of West Germany
Independence of Russia
Recognizes the Independence of West Germany
Bombing of Tachen Islands
Communist attacks on Nationalist-held offshore islands intensify pressure that leads to the evacuation of the Dachen Islands.
Capture of Yikiang
Communist forces capture Yijiangshan Island during the First Taiwan Strait Crisis.
Birth of Simon Rattle
Birth of Simon Rattle
Prime Minister of Norway
Appointed Prime Minister of Norway, 2nd term
Third Einar Gerhardsen Government
Begins the Third Einar Gerhardsen Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.
Oscar Torp Government
The Oscar Torp Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.
Resignation of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
MacMillan advises Churchill to retire
Resignation of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
Advises Churchill to retire, the only member of the Government brave enough to do so
Foreign Policy Statement at Moscow
Russia declares an end to belligerency with Germany
State of War with Germany
The Soviet Union formally ends its state of war with Germany.
Birth of Nicolas Paul Stephane Sarkozy de Nagy-Bocsa
Birth of Nicolas Paul Stephane Sarkozy de Nagy-Bocsa
Alliance Dwight David Eisenhower and Taiwan
The USA adopts the policy of supporting Chiang Kai-sheks regime in Taiwan. Obtains authority from the House of Representitives & Congress to support Taiwan
Formosa Resolution
US President Dwight Eisenhower signs the Formosa Resolution authorizing protection of Taiwan and the Penghu islands during the Taiwan Strait crisis.
Second Hedtoft Premiership
The Second Hedtoft Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.
Formosa Resolution Approved
Signs the Formosa Resolution, authorizing the use of American forces to defend Taiwan and the Pescadores.
Triple-Axis Neutron Results
Presents early triple-axis neutron spectroscopy results after NRX returns to operation.
Avadi Resolution
The Congress session at Avadi endorses the objective of establishing a socialistic pattern of society.
February 195514 historical events
Hansen Premiership
Begins the Hansen Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.
President of Panama
Appointed President of Panama
Birth of Marina Palei
Birth of Marina Palei
Resignation of Pierre Mendes
The Government falls over the question of North-African insurgency
Tachen Islands Evacuation
American naval forces assist the evacuation of Nationalist Chinese forces and civilians from the Tachen Islands.
Malenkov Removed as Premier
Helps force Georgy Malenkov from the premiership, strengthening Khruschev's position in the collective leadership.
Resignation of Georgi Maksimilanovich Malenkov
Resigns as Prime Minister after a budget to reduce arms expenditure is rejected
Prime Minister of Russia
Appointed Chairman of the Council of Minister's, Prime Minister
Succession
Cabinet decides to grant Prince Philip the title, Prince of the United Kingdom
Prime Minister of France
Appointed Prime Minister of France
Pact between Turkey and Iraq
Turkey & Iraq sign a Treaty of alliance, Parliament votes to support it
Alliance Adnan Menderes and Iraq to counter Russian expansionism in the Middle East
Signs a Treaty of with Iraq to counter Russian expansionism in the Middle East
Resignation of Pierre Mendes
Mendes is forced to resign during the Algerian crisis
Resignation of Pierre Mendes
Mendes is forced to resign during the Algerian crisis
March 195515 historical events
Budget
Churchills budget includes expenditure on the hydrogen bomb
Nuclear Power
Churchills budget includes expenditure on the hydrogen bomb
Nuclear Power
Supports the debate in Parliament for investing in a British hydrogen bomb
Nuclear Power
Opens the debate in Parliament in favour of investing in a British hydrogen bomb
Nuclear Power
Finishes off the debate in Parliament, "we have to prevent hot war & win the cold war"
International Agreement at Damascus
Egypt & Syria sign a defensive agreement
Abdication
Abdicates in favor of his father Norodom Suramarit to enter politics
Government
Eisenhower indicates willingness to resort to nuclear weapons in the event of war
Nuclear Power
Eisenhower indicates willingness to resort to nuclear weapons in the event of war
Death of Alexander Fleming
Death of Alexander Flemming
Yalta Papers Released
The State Department releases previously secret papers concerning the 1945 Yalta Conference.
President of Japan
Appointed President of Japan, 2nd term
Lao Peoples Party Founding
Helps found the Lao Peoples Party, later the Lao Peoples Revolutionary Party
February Revolution
Kerensky participates in february revolution during his political career.
Strike
Print Workers go on strike
April 195522 historical events
Reform of Education
Education is transferred to the Native Affairs Dept. A school boycott begins in response to the education reforms
Resignation of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
Resigns due to ill health. Chairs the Cabinet for the last time & announces his resignation
Health of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
Resigns due to ill health
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 1st term
Prime Minister
Succeeds Churchill as Prime Minister
Prime Minister
Succeeds Winston Churchill as Prime Minister.
Election
Calls a general election, the 1st in which television is extensively used
Independence of Austria
Austria makes an agreement with Russia to remain neutral, Russian troops will withdraw
Neutrality
Austria makes an agreement with Russia to remain neutral, Russian troops will withdraw
Bandung Conference
Heads China's delegation to the Asian-African Conference and promotes cooperation among newly independent states.
Death of Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein dies in Princeton, New Jersey, aged 76.
Government
Asks Congress for $3,530 million for foreign aid
Offer of Talks with United States
States that China is willing to negotiate with the United States to reduce tension in the Far East.
Conference of Bandung
Says Asia will never forget the 1st atom bomb dropped by the USA. Resolutions passed include arms reduction & abolition of nuclear weapons
Conference of Bandung
Speaks out in support of unification between Cyprus & Greece
Conference of Bandung
Attends the Bandung Conference and promotes Afro-Asian cooperation and non-alignment.
Conference of Bandung
Nehru participates in the Bandung Conference, whose final declaration promotes peaceful coexistence and international cooperation.
Declaration of War
War breaks out in Saigon
Reballion of Binh Xuyen
Supporters of Diem defeat Bao Dai & force Binh Xuyen rebels out of the capital
Bandung Common Ground Diplomacy
Advocates seeking common ground while reserving differences during talks with Asian and African delegations.
State of Emergency
A state of emergency is declared in Algeria
Sangkum Founded
Founds Sangkum Reastr Niyum as his dominant political movement
May 195549 historical events
Capture of Saigon
Supporters of Prime Minister drive the Binh Xuyen rebels out of the capital
German Membership of NATO
West Germany joins NATO
German Membership of NATO
West Germany promises bot to violate the defensive NATO charter and invade East Germany to achieve German reunification
German Membership of NATO
West Germany joins NATO. Without West Germany it would have been impossible to field enough conventional forces to resist a Soviet invasion
President of Italy
Appointed President of Italy
Bandung Conference Report
Reports on the Bandung Conference and discusses peaceful approaches to tensions over Taiwan.
Treaty of Friendship
8 Communist countries sign a Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation & Mutual Assistance
Warsaw Pact Created
The Soviet Union and seven Eastern European allies establish the Warsaw Pact.
Austrian State Treaty
Russia, Britain, France & the USA sign a Treaty restoring Austrian independence. Raab takes part in negotiating the Austrian State Treaty, which ends the four-power occupation of Austria and restores Austrias independence and neutrality
Constitution of Austria
Austria is not allowed to join Germany & must remain neutral
Independence of Austria
Russia, Britain, France & the USA sign a Treaty restoring Austrian independence. Austria is not allowed to join Germany & must remain neutral
Neutrality
Russia, Britain, France & the USA sign a Treaty restoring Austrian independence. Raab takes part in negotiating the Austrian State Treaty, which ends the four-power occupation of Austria and restores Austrias independence and neutrality. Austria is not allowed to join Germany & must remain neutral
Rule of Austria
Raab takes part in negotiating the Austrian State Treaty, which ends the four-power occupation of Austria and restores Austrias independence and neutrality
Political Amnesty
Fidel Castro is released from prison under Batista's political amnesty after serving about twenty-two months following the Moncada attack.
Political Amnesty
Almeida is released with other Moncada prisoners under Batista's May 1955 political amnesty.
Political Amnesty
Raúl Castro is released from prison under the May 1955 political amnesty granted to surviving participants in the Moncada attack.
Amnesty
Grants amnesty to surviving Moncada prisoners.
Amnesty
Is released from prison under Batista's amnesty.
Amnesty
Is released with other Moncada prisoners.
Austrian State Treaty
The four occupying powers sign the Austrian State Treaty, leading to the withdrawal of occupation forces.
Austrian State Treaty
The four occupying powers and Austria sign the State Treaty restoring Austrian sovereignty.
Alliance France and South Vietnam
France agrees to deploy troops against the Vietminh
General Election - General Election
Wins the general election and increases the Conservative majority
General Election Election Outcome
General election outcome recorded for Robert Anthony Eden: Wins the general election and increases the Conservative majority
General Election Government
Government context for this general election: Wins the general election and increases the Conservative majority
General Election
Wins the general election and increases the Conservative majority
Aberavon General Election
Contests the Labour-held Aberavon constituency as the Conservative candidate at the 1955 general election but is not elected.
General Election
Retains Birmingham Stechford for Labour as the Conservatives win nationally.
General Election
Retains Coventry East at the 1955 general election.
Leeds East Election
Healey wins the newly created Leeds East constituency and represents it until retiring from the Commons.
Election Defeat
Loses Plymouth Devonport to Conservative Joan Vickers at the general election.
Leeds East
Healey moves to Leeds East at the general election and holds it for decades.
Belgrade Reconciliation with Tito
Visits Yugoslavia and repairs relations with Josip Broz Tito after the Stalin-era split.
Alliance United States and Taiwan
US Admiral Arthur Radford visits Taiwan amid American efforts to deter further Communist attacks in the Taiwan Strait.
Alliance Dwight David Eisenhower and mainland Taiwan
The USA sends Admiral Radford to Taiwan to state it will only protect mainland Taiwan
Allergy Research Publication
Research associated with Guevara's allergy work is published while he is working in Mexico.
Arrest of Fidel Alejandro Castro
Castro is released due to a general amnesty from Batista
Independence of France
Agreement is reached on the independence of Tunisia
Independence of France
Agreement is reached on the independence of Bourgiba
Independence of Tunisia
Agreement is reached on the independence of Tunisia
Independence of Tunisia
Agreement is reached on the independence of Bourgiba
Rule of Bourgiba
Agreement is reached on the independence of Bourgiba
Rule of Tunisia
Agreement is reached on the independence of Tunisia
Black Sash
Through the Black Sash organisation, Hayman offered free legal advice to many people, usually women, who had approached the Black Sash Advice Centre in Johannesburg, and often appeared herself in court to represent them
Benelux Memorandum
Promotes Benelux proposals for a general common market before the Rome negotiations.
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
West Germany joins NATO, an obstacle to east-west relations
Warsaw Pact Organisation
The Warsaw Pact Organisation is founded
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
West Germany joins NATO, an obstacle to east-west relations
Black Sash
The Black Sash was a non-violent white womens resistance organisation founded in 1955 in South Africa by Jean Sinclair. The Black Sash initially campaigned against the removal of Coloured or mixed race voters from the voters roll in the Cape Province by the National Party Government
June 195542 historical events
Messina Conference
Represents Belgium at the Messina Conference and later chairs the committee on the common market.
Treaty of Rome
Spaak attends the Messina Conference as the Six relaunch negotiations on a common market and atomic-energy community.
Messina Relaunch
France joined the six ECSC states in relaunching European integration at the Messina conference.
Messina Conference
Represents France at the Messina Conference as ministers consider a common market and atomic community.
Treaty of Rome
Pinay represents France at Messina, where the Six agree to examine both a general common market and sectoral integration.
Treaty of Rome
Hallstein represents the Federal Republic at Messina as the Six agree to relaunch European integration.
Messina Conference
Leads the West German delegation at Messina as ministers relaunch European integration.
Messina Conference
Hosts the foreign ministers of the Six as the Messina Conference opens a new phase of European economic integration.
Messina Conference
Hosts foreign ministers whose talks relaunch European integration and lead toward the Treaty of Rome.
Treaty of Rome
Martino attends the Messina Conference in Sicily as the Six begin the process that leads to the Rome Treaties.
Treaty of Rome
Bech chairs the Messina Conference at which the Six agree to relaunch European integration.
Messina Conference
Takes part in the Messina Conference that opens the road to the Treaties of Rome.
Messina Conference
Promotes the Benelux plan for a common market at the Messina Conference.
Treaty of Rome
Beyen represents the Netherlands at Messina and presses the case for a broad European common market.
Belgrade Declaration
Signs the Belgrade Declaration recognizing different national paths to socialism.
Beauregard Personal History Form
On a school personal-history form, Lee listed military service among his future plans and stated that he had no close school friends.
Messina Resolution
Supports the Messina decisions to pursue a common market and a European atomic-energy community.
Treaty of Rome
At the close of Messina, Martino supports commissioning experts to turn integration proposals into practical treaty plans.
Treaty of Rome
As conference chairman, Bech guides agreement on the Messina resolution and creation of the new expert committee.
Treaty of Rome
Beyen supports the Messina decision to develop concrete proposals for a general common market alongside sectoral projects.
Internal Autonomy
France and Tunisia signed conventions granting Tunisia internal autonomy while retaining the monarchy.
Rock Around the Clock
Bill Haley and Comets, "Rock Around the Clock" hits #1
Birth of Tim Berners-Lee
Birth of Tim Berners-Lee
Government
Eisenhower has an ileitis attack & Nixon continues with Presidential responsibilities
Election
Wins the federal election, ending twenty-two years of Liberal government.
Demonstrations
Catholic bishops speak against Peron during a Corpus Christi procession which turns into a demonstration, extremist Peronist groups attack and burn several churches
Revolucion Libertadora
Catholic bishops spoke against Peron during a Corpus Christi procession which turned into a demonstration
Bombing of Plaza de Mayo
Airplanes bomb the Plaza de Mayo, wounding or killing hundreds of civilians
Moonfleet
Directs Moonfleet.
Birth of Michael Geoffrey Mick Jones
Birth of Michael Geoffrey "Mick" Jones, Brixton
Charter
Freedom Charter signed in South-Africa
Constitution of South Africa
Freedom Charter signed in South-Africa
Congress of the People
Secretly watches the Congress of the People at Kliptown.
Freedom Charter Adoption Observed
Witnesses adoption of the Freedom Charter.
Independence of Austria
Austria begins its first steps as a neutral country
Neutrality
Austria begins its first steps as a neutral country
Meeting with Raul Castro
Nico López introduces Ernesto Guevara to Raúl Castro in Mexico City before Guevara's later meeting with Fidel Castro.
Economy of France
France is hit by widespread strikes
Strike
France is hit by widespread strikes
Visit to Norway
Visits Norway
Ural Polytechnic Institute Graduation
Graduates from the Ural Polytechnic Institute with a degree in industrial and civil construction.
Education
Graduates from the Law Faculty at Moscow University
July 195523 historical events
Exile of Fidel Alejandro Castro
After his 1955 amnesty, Fidel Castro leaves Cuba for Mexico to organize an armed expedition against the Batista government.
Alliance Ho Chi-Minh and give North Vietnam $338m in economic aid
China promises to give North Vietnam $338m in economic aid
Treaty of Rome
Spaak chairs the constituent meeting of the Intergovernmental Committee created to prepare proposals for a common market and Euratom.
Treaty of Rome
Snoy represents Belgium in the intergovernmental work that develops the proposals launched at Messina.
Accords of Geneva
Rejects the Geneva accords & the elections, a decision backed up by the USA. Diem refuses to hold the reunification elections, pointing out that the State of Vietnam had not signed the Geneva Accords
Election
Rejects the Geneva accords & the elections, a decision backed up by the USA. Diem refuses to hold the reunification elections, pointing out that the State of Vietnam had not signed the Geneva Accords
President of Vietnam
Appointed Prime Minister of Southern Vietnam, 2nd term
Geneva Four-Power Summit
Opens the Geneva summit with Britain, France and the Soviet Union, focusing on security and East-West tensions.
Open Skies Proposal
Proposes reciprocal aerial reconnaissance over military installations to reduce the risk of surprise attack.
World Record
Breaks the world land speed record
Meeting with Fidel Castro
After meeting Raúl Castro, Guevara meets Fidel Castro in Mexico City and joins the Cuban expeditionary group preparing to fight Batista.
Spaak Committee
Chairs the committee charged with preparing proposals for a European common market and Euratom.
Meeting with Che Guevara
Fidel Castro meets Ernesto Guevara in Mexico City and recruits him into the expeditionary group preparing to return to Cuba.
Mexico Exile Organisation
Raúl Castro works with the exile group in Mexico as it recruits, trains and prepares for an armed return to Cuba.
Conference of Geneva
Attends the Geneva Summit conference
Conference of Geneva
Attends the Geneva Summit conference
Mexico Exile
Organises exile preparations for renewed armed struggle.
Mexico Exile
Joins Fidel's exile group in Mexico.
Conference of Geneva
The 1st postwar East-West summit. Pravda writes about the "spirit of Geneva" & endorses Khruschevs foreign policy. Khruschev rejects Eisenhowers proposals for free flights over Russia & the USA. Despite a spirit of rapprochement the Geneva Conference is disappointing
Geneva Summit
Attends the four-power Geneva Summit, where leaders discuss European security, German reunification and disarmament.
Pravda
Pravda writes about the "spirit of Geneva" & endorses Khruschevs foreign policy
Conference of Geneva
Attends the Geneva Summit conference
Government
Attends the Geneva Summit conference
August 19557 historical events
Sino-American Ambassadorial Talks
Directs Chinese policy as ambassadorial-level talks with the United States begin in Geneva.
Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy
From 8 to 20 August 1955, the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva
Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy
From 8 to 20 August 1955, the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva
Prime Minister of Pakistan
Chaudhry Muhammad Ali succeeds Muhammad Ali Bogra as Prime Minister.
Death of Thomas Mann
Death of Thomas Mann
Revolucion Libertadora
The only important political support for Peron came from the CGT (the main confederation of labor unions), which called the workers to defend the president. Peron addresses a workers demonstration
Takes Charge of Kazakhstan Communist Party
Replaces the previous republican party leader and assumes overall political responsibility for Kazakhstan.
September 195534 historical events
First Real Madrid European Cup Goal
Scores Real Madrid's first goal in European Cup competition against Servette.
Election Victory
Sangkum wins national elections and establishes Sihanouk's post-abdication dominance
UN Membership
Cambodia becomes a member of the United Nations under Sihanouk's political leadership
Exile of Juan Domingo Peron
Seeks exile after the Revolucion Libertadora and first finds asylum in Paraguay.
Revolucion Libertadora
The Revolucion Libertadora, Liberating Revolution) is a military uprising that ends the second presidential term of Juan Peron
Provisional Government
A new uprising, led by General Eduardo Lonardi, General Pedro E. Aramburu and Admiral Isaac Rojas, deposed Peron and established a provisional Government
Revolucion Libertadora
A new uprising, led by General Eduardo Lonardi, General Pedro E. Aramburu and Admiral Isaac Rojas, deposed Peron and established a provisional Government
Provisional Government
a new uprising, led by General Eduardo Lonardi, General Pedro E. Aramburu and Admiral Isaac Rojas, deposed Peron and established a provisional Government
Revolucion Libertadora
The rebellion at Corrientes was led by Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, who later became one of the main players of the future Government. a new uprising, led by General Eduardo Lonardi, General Pedro E. Aramburu and Admiral Isaac Rojas, deposed Peron and established a provisional Government
Coup
An uprising, led by General Eduardo Lonardi, General Pedro E. Aramburu and Admiral Isaac Rojas, depose Peron and establish a provisional Government
Provisional Government
An uprising, led by General Eduardo Lonardi, General Pedro E. Aramburu and Admiral Isaac Rojas, depose Peron and establish a provisional Government
Coup
An uprising, led by General Eduardo Lonardi, General Pedro E. Aramburu and Admiral Isaac Rojas, depose Peron and establish a provisional Government
Provisional Government
An uprising, led by General Eduardo Lonardi, General Pedro E. Aramburu and Admiral Isaac Rojas, depose Peron and establish a provisional Government
Coup
An uprising, led by General Eduardo Lonardi, General Pedro E. Aramburu and Admiral Isaac Rojas, depose Peron and establish a provisional Government
Provisional Government
An uprising, led by General Eduardo Lonardi, General Pedro E. Aramburu and Admiral Isaac Rojas, depose Peron and establish a provisional Government
Coup
The Revolucion Libertadora (Spanish, Liberating Revolution) is a military uprising that ends the second Presidential term of Juan Domingo Peron. An uprising, led by General Eduardo Lonardi, General Pedro E. Aramburu and Admiral Isaac Rojas, depose Peron and establish a provisional Government
Coup
Juan Peron is overthrown
Provisional Government
An uprising, led by General Eduardo Lonardi, General Pedro E. Aramburu and Admiral Isaac Rojas, depose Peron and establish a provisional Government. a new uprising, led by General Eduardo Lonardi, General Pedro E. Aramburu and Admiral Isaac Rojas, deposed Peron and established a provisional Government
Revolucion Libertadora
Is deposed by a military uprising and leaves Argentina for asylum in Paraguay.
Revolucion Libertadora
The city of Mar del Plata is subjected to naval bombardment
Revolucion Libertadora
Navy and Air Force fighters bombed the Plaza de Mayo, wounding or killing several hundreds of civilians
Independence of Cyprus
The British Institute is burnt down
Deputy PM Appointed
Appointed Deputy Prime Minister while retaining major military responsibilities
Coup
General Lonardi assumed the presidency and gave a speech from the balcony of the Casa Rosada, saying that there would be "neither victors nor vanquished"
President of Argentina
Lonardi assumes the Presidency and gives a speech from the balcony of the Casa Rosada, saying there would be "none either victorious or defeated"
Revolucion Libertadora
Greeted by chants of Cristo Vence ("Christ is Victorious") when arriving in Buenos Aires. General Lonardi assumed the presidency and gave a speech from the balcony of the Casa Rosada, saying that there would be "neither victors nor vanquished"
President of Argentina
Appointed de facto President of Argentina after the overthrow of Juan Domingo Peron
Coup
Lonardi assumes the Presidency and gives a speech from the balcony of the Casa Rosada, saying there would be "none either victorious or defeated"
Presidential Heart Attack
Suffers a serious heart attack while in Colorado and temporarily reduces his official schedule.
Prime Minister Appointed
Becomes Prime Minister after Sangkum's election victory
Czechoslovak Arms Agreement
Announces an arms agreement with Czechoslovakia that reduces Western influence over Egyptian defence procurement.
Death of James Dean
Death of James Dean
Governor
Appointed Governor of Cyprus
Warren Easton High School Enrollment
Lee entered tenth grade at Warren Easton High School in the fall of 1955 but remained there only about a month.
October 195526 historical events
Prime Minister of Romania
Stoica becomes prime minister under Gheorghiu-Dej's party leadership.
First Karamanlis Premiership
Karamanlis succeeds Papagos and forms a new government.
Resignation of Ghulam Muhammad
Ghulam Muhammad resigns as Governor-General because of ill health.
Governor-General of Pakistan
Iskander Mirza succeeds Ghulam Muhammad as Governor-General.
Forged School Withdrawal Note
Lee presented Warren Easton High School with a withdrawal note he had written himself and signed using his mother's name.
Birth of Stephen Michael James Steve Ovett
Birth of Stephen Michael James "Steve" Ovett
One Unit Scheme
The government combines western provinces into the single province of West Pakistan.
Martyrdom Anniversary
Protestant commemorations mark four hundred years since Latimer's execution.
Dismissal
Bao Dai dismisses Prime Minister Diem but Diem refuses to resign
Constitution of Vietnam
Diem proclaims a South Vietnamese Republic. A constitution was written by a rubber stamp legislature which gave Diem the power to create laws by decree and arbitrarily give himself emergency powers
Referendum
Diem proclaims a South Vietnamese Republic. A referendum gives PM Diem an overwhelming majority over Bao Dai
US-Backed Referendum
Consolidates power in South Vietnam with US support
Constitution of Vietnam
Diem declares himself President & a Republic is declared
President of Vietnam
Appointed President of Southern Vietnam, Emperor Annam is rejected
Big Four Foreign Ministers Meeting
A meeting of the foreign ministers of the four major powers opens in Geneva following the summer summit.
Marriage
Decides not to marry Peter Townsend
Action Committee for Europe
Monnet founded the Action Committee for the United States of Europe to mobilise political support for deeper integration.
Action Committee for United States of Europe
Launches political pressure for renewed European integration after the defence community failure.
Visited by the President of Portugal
Visited by the President of Portugal
First Marine Enlistment Attempt
Soon after his sixteenth birthday, Oswald tried unsuccessfully to enlist in the Marines using a false age affidavit.
Constitution of Vietnam
Diem scheduled a referendum for October 1955 on whether South Vietnam should become a republic, Diem wins the referendum, which was rigged by his brother Nhu, and proclaimed himself the President of the newly created Republic of Vietnam. Diem refuses to hold the reunification elections, pointing out that the State of Vietnam had not signed the Geneva Accords
Election
Diem refuses to hold the reunification elections, pointing out that the State of Vietnam had not signed the Geneva Accords
Independence of Vietnam
Diem scheduled a referendum for October 1955 on whether South Vietnam should become a republic, Diem wins the referendum, which was rigged by his brother Nhu, and proclaimed himself the President of the newly created Republic of Vietnam
President of Vietnam
Diem scheduled a referendum for October 1955 on whether South Vietnam should become a republic, Diem wins the referendum, which was rigged by his brother Nhu, and proclaimed himself the President of the newly created Republic of Vietnam
Referendum
Diem scheduled a referendum for October 1955 on whether South Vietnam should become a republic, Diem wins the referendum, which was rigged by his brother Nhu, and proclaimed himself the President of the newly created Republic of Vietnam
Republic of Vietnam
Diem scheduled a referendum for October 1955 on whether South Vietnam should become a republic, Diem wins the referendum, which was rigged by his brother Nhu, and proclaimed himself the President of the newly created Republic of Vietnam
November 195519 historical events
President of Brazil
Appointed acting President of Brazil after Cafe Filho took medical leave
Tujague Messenger Employment
Lee began work as a messenger for Gerald F. Tujague, Inc., earning about $130 per month.
President of Brazil
Appointed President of Brazil during the 1955 succession crisis
President of Argentina
Appointed de facto President of Argentina after Eduardo Lonardi
Liberal-Dem Party
The Liberal Party & the Japan Democratic Party form the Liberal-Democratic Party
Death of Helmuth Otto Ludwig Weidling
Death of Helmuth Otto Ludwig Weidling
Prime Minister of Japan
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, 3rd term
RDS-37 Thermonuclear Test
The Soviet Union tests RDS-37, its first two-stage thermonuclear weapon design.
State of Emergency
Declares a state of emergency in Cyprus
Coup
An internal coup deposes Lonardi and places General Aramburu in the presidency
Revolucion Libertadora
An internal coup deposes Lonardi and places General Aramburu in the presidency
Coup
An internal coup deposes Lonardi and places General Aramburu in the presidency
President of Argentina
An internal coup deposes Lonardi and places General Aramburu in the presidency
Provisional Government
A new uprising, led by General Eduardo Lonardi, General Pedro E. Aramburu and Admiral Isaac Rojas, deposed Peron and established a provisional Government
Revolucion Libertadora
His conciliatory approach was deemed too soft by the liberal faction of the armed forces, who deposed him less than two months into his de-facto presidency and replaced him with hard-liner Pedro Aramburu. A new uprising, led by General Eduardo Lonardi, General Pedro E. Aramburu and Admiral Isaac Rojas, deposed Peron and established a provisional Government
Coup
An internal coup deposes Lonardi and places General Aramburu in the presidency
Revolucion Libertadora
An internal coup deposes Lonardi and places General Aramburu in the presidency
Coup
An internal coup deposes Lonardi and places General Aramburu in the presidency
India State Visit
Visits India with Nikolai Bulganin and promotes Soviet economic and diplomatic cooperation.
December 195525 historical events
Arrest of Rosa Parks
The Montgomery Bus Boycott, urged and planned by ED Nixon (head of the Montgomery NAACP chapter and a member of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters) and led by Martin Luther King follows Rosa Parks arrest. Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to comply with the Jim Crow laws that required her to give up her seat to a white man
Jim Crow Laws
Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to comply with the Jim Crow laws that required her to give up her seat to a white man
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott, urged and planned by ED Nixon (head of the Montgomery NAACP chapter and a member of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters) and led by Martin Luther King follows Rosa Parks arrest
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott, urged and planned by ED Nixon (head of the Montgomery NAACP chapter and a member of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters) and led by Martin Luther King follows Rosa Parks arrest
Election
Resigns as Party Leader of the Labour Party after losing two general elections
Resignation of Clement Richard Attlee
Resigns as Party Leader of the Labour Party after losing two general elections
Prime Minister of Turkey
Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 4th term
Nobel Prize in Medicine
Receives the medicine prize for discoveries concerning oxidation enzymes.
Oxidation Enzyme Research
Explains structures and actions of enzymes involved in cellular oxidation.
Patent
Patents the Hovercraft
Labour Leadership Bid
Loses the Labour leadership contest to Hugh Gaitskell.
Election
Elected Party Leader of the Labour Party
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Labour Party
United Nations Membership
Leads the government when Ireland is admitted to the United Nations.
Admission to United Nations
Libya is admitted to membership of the United Nations.
Peerage
Created Earl Attlee and Viscount Prestwood
Appointment as Deputy Prime Minister
Al-Rifai joined Ibrahim Hashem’s government as deputy prime minister and foreign minister. The position brought him back into the cabinet with a leading role in coordinating executive and diplomatic affairs.
State Visit
Tai participates in state visit connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Constituent Assembly Decree
A decree established the legal basis for electing a Tunisian Constituent Assembly.
Soviet Aid
Daoud receives Soviet leaders Nikolai Bulganin and Nikita Khrushchev and accepts major development assistance.
Leader of House of Commons
Appointed Leader of the House of Commons
Lord Privy Seal
Appointed Lord Privy Seal
Chief Whip
Becomes Government Chief Whip and manages Conservative parliamentary discipline.
Labour Leadership Election
Wins the Labour leadership contest against Bevan and Morrison.
Burma Visit
Visits Burma during a wider Asian tour intended to expand Soviet relations with non-aligned states.
Angolan Communist Party
Mario Pinto de Andrade and his brother Joaquim form the Angolan Communist Party
Election
Eva Peron accepts the Peronist nomination for the office of Vice President of Argentina, opposition from the nations military and elite, coupled with her declining health, ultimately forced her to withdraw her candidacy
Revolucion Libertadora
Public references to Peron or his late wife, including songs, writings and pictures, were forbidden
Revolucion Libertadora
After the Revolucion Libertadora, Peron and his followers are accused of treason, and Eva Perons remains are moved secretly to Italy and buried in a graveyard at Milan under a fake identity
Treason
After the Revolucion Libertadora, Peron and his followers are accused of treason, and Eva Perons remains are moved secretly to Italy and buried in a graveyard at Milan under a fake identity
Election
The Peronist Party suffered a proscription that was to last until Perons return in 1973, even though Peron influenced the results of the 1958 and 1963 elections from his exile in Madrid
Exile of Juan Domingo Peron
The Peronist Party suffered a proscription that was to last until Perons return in 1973, even though Peron influenced the results of the 1958 and 1963 elections from his exile in Madrid
Revolucion Libertadora
After the Revolucion Libertadora, Peron and his followers are accused of treason, and Eva Peron's remains are moved secretly to Italy and buried in a graveyard at Milan under a fake identity.
Revolucion Libertadora
Public references to Peron or his late wife, including songs, writings and pictures, were forbidden.
Revolucion Libertadora
The Peronist Party suffered a proscription that was to last until Peron's return in 1973, even though Peron influenced the results of the 1958 and 1963 elections from his exile in Madrid.
Revolucion Libertadora
Public references to Peron or his wife, including songs, writings and pictures, are forbidden. After the Revolucion Libertadora Peron and his followers are accused of treason, and Eva Perons remains are moved to an undisclosed location
Prime Minister of Australia
Appointed Prime Minister of Australia, 5th term
Conductor
Appointed Conductor for the Berlin Philarmonic Orchestra for Life
Independence of Austria
Russia recognizes Austria as a neutral sovereign state
Invasion of Austria
Russian troops are withdrawn from Austria
Neutrality
Russia recognizes Austria as a neutral sovereign state
Austrian State Treaty
Kreisky takes part in negotiating the Austrian State Treaty, which ends the four-power occupation of Austria and restores Austrias independence and neutrality
Neutrality
Kreisky takes part in negotiating the Austrian State Treaty, which ends the four-power occupation of Austria and restores Austrias independence and neutrality
Rule of Austria
Kreisky takes part in negotiating the Austrian State Treaty, which ends the four-power occupation of Austria and restores Austrias independence and neutrality
Retirement from Dublin Institute
Retires from the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies after directing its School of Theoretical Physics for more than fifteen years.
Intracellular Digestion Organelle
Explains a cellular system responsible for intracellular digestion and recycling.
Lysosome Discovery
Identifies lysosomes as enzyme-containing structures within cells.
Engineering Degree
Graduates from the Universite Libre de Bruxelles as a civil electrical-mechanical engineer.
Political Commissar
Appointed Member of Politburo
Conference of Bandung
Attends the conference of Afro-Asian states at Bandung
Sun Li-jen House Arrest
General Sun Li-jen is placed under house arrest after a conspiracy investigation involving one of his subordinates, reflecting the authoritarian security system.
Peace Negotiations at Quemoy
Negotiates peace with the USA, the Quemoy & Matsu islands remain Nationalist
Peace
Negotiates peace with the USA, the Quemoy & Matsu islands remain Nationalist
Rule of Matsu
Negotiates peace with the USA, the Quemoy & Matsu islands remain Nationalist
Rule of Quemoy
Negotiates peace with the USA, the Quemoy & Matsu islands remain Nationalist
Marshal
Appointed Marshal
Marshal
Appointed Marshal
Marshal
Appointed Marshal of the Peoples Liberation Army
Marshal
Appointed Marshal
Exile of Fidel Alejandro Castro
Receives guerrilla training in Mexico before the Granma expedition.
Exile of Fidel Alejandro Castro
The Castro brothers join other exiles in Mexico to prepare a revolution to overthrow Batista
26th of July Movement
Raúl Castro befriends Ernesto Guevara in Mexico City and helps bring him into Fidel Castro's circle of Cuban revolutionaries.
26th of July Movement
Raúl Castro maintains contact in Mexico with Nikolai Leonov, then a junior Soviet embassy official whom Castro had first met during travel in 1953.
Coup
Receives guerrilla training in Mexico before the Granma expedition.
26th of July Movement
The 26th of July Movement takes its name from the failed July 26, 1953 attack on the Moncada Barracks in Santiago de Cuba.
26th of July Movement
Juan Almeida Bosque joins Castro's exile movement in Mexico after his release from prison under the 1955 political amnesty.
Reballion of George Grivas
Leads the EOKAs attempts to unite Cyprus with Greece
Foreign Secretary of Denmark
Appointed Foreign Minister of Denmark
Prime Minister of Denmark
Appointed Prime Minister of Denmark
Antibody Formation Theory
Introduces a selection-based explanation for immune specificity.
Natural Selection Theory of Antibodies
Proposes that antigens select pre-existing antibodies from a natural repertoire.
Western Financing Negotiations
Nasser negotiates with the World Bank, United States and Britain over project finance.
Les Diaboliques
Directs Les Diaboliques.
Conference of Messina
Represents France at the Messina Conference for greater European integration
Foreign Secretary of France
Appointed Foreign Minister
Minister of Justice
Appointed Minister of Justice
Secretary
Appointed National Secretary
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointed Minister of Defence
Adventures of the Dialectic
Merleau-Ponty publishes Adventures of the Dialectic, reassessing Marxism and political philosophy.
History and Truth
Ricoeur publishes History and Truth, collecting essays on historical knowledge, ethics and political responsibility.
Referendum
A referendum in the Saar votes for reunification with Germany
Rule of Saarland
A referendum in the Saar votes for reunification with Germany
Minister of Atomic Affairs
Appointed Minister of Atomic Affairs
Eros and Civilization", a study of Freud
Publication of "Eros & Civilization", a study of Freud
Eros and Civilization
Publication of "Eros & Civilization", a study of Freud
Freudian Theory and Liberation
In Eros and Civilization, Marcuse interpreted Freudian psychology as a resource for imagining liberation from social repression.
Great Refusal Concept
Marcuse's discussion of the Great Refusal in Eros and Civilization connected aesthetic imagination with resistance to domination.
Performance Principle Critique
Marcuse used the concept of the performance principle to criticize historically specific forms of labor discipline and repression.
Death of Otto Braun
Death of Otto Braun
Leo Baeck Institute
The Leo Baeck Institute for the study of the history and culture of German-speaking Jewry is established
CBE
Appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)
The Ladykillers
Starts in "The Ladykillers"
Ladykillers
Directs The Ladykillers
The Ladykillers
Appears in The Ladykillers
Above Us the Waves
Appears in Above Us the Waves
A Man Alone
Directs & Stars in, "A Man Alone"
BAFTA
Winner of a BAFTA for best actress for her part in The Divided Heart
John and Julie
Sellers portrays Police Constable Diamond in John and Julie.
The Ladykillers
Sellers plays Harry Robinson in the Ealing black comedy The Ladykillers.
British Film Institute
Begins serving on the Board of Governors of the British Film Institute.
Officers and Gentlemen
Publication of "Officers & Gentlemen"
That Certain Feeling
Publication of "That Certain Feeling"
The Tree Of Idleness
Publication of "The Tree Of Idleness"
London Blues Barrelhouse Club
Forms the influential London Blues and Barrelhouse Club
Birth of Howard Devoto
Birth of Howard Devoto was born Howard Trotter
Skiffle Music
Lonnie Donegans version of "Rock Island Line" begins skiffle music which inspires many young people to have a go, including John Lennon and Paul McCartney
Parlophone Records
Becomes head of Parlophone Records, then a smaller EMI label with strong comedy and novelty releases.
Birth of Peter Lord
Birth of Peter Lord, later co-founder of Aardman Animations.
Publication of Biography of a Nation
Co-authors Biography of a Nation with Angus Maude, presenting an interpretation of Britain's political and social development.
Chief Whip
Appointed Chief Whip
Publication of Thucydidis historia
Publishes Thucydidis historia through the Clarendon Press, continuing his work on Greek historical texts.
Junior Minister of Housing
Appointed Junior Housing Minister
Privy Council
Becomes the Right Honourable Edward Heath
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointed Minister of Defence
Budget
Reduces taxation prior to the general election
Election
Reduces taxation prior to the general election
Foreign Secretary of Great Britain
Appointed Foreign Minister
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer
Conference of Geneva
Discusses German reunification, there is no agreement between East & West
Foreign Secretary of Great Britain
Appointed Foreign Minister
Lord President
Appointed Lord President of the Council, 1st term
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Conservative Party
Constitution of Great Britain
The West forward the "Eden Plan" for demilitarization of East Germany & free elections
Demilitarization
The West forward the "Eden Plan" for demilitarization of East Germany & free elections
Eden Plan
The West forward the "Eden Plan" for demilitarization of East Germany & free elections. The East rejects the "Eden Plan"
Election
The Conservatives win an overall majority of 59. The Conservatives win 49.7% of votes cast & 345 seats to Labour's 277
Election
The West forward the "Eden Plan" for demilitarization of East Germany & free elections
Commonwealth
Appointed Secretary of State for the Commonwealth
Secretary of State for Commonwealth
Appointed Secretary of State for the Commonwealth
Election
Increases his majority at Bromley by 1,014
State of Emergency
Declares as state of emergency in Cyprus
British Financing Support
Eden's government joins the preliminary Western offer to support the High Dam.
Manifesto
The Pugwash Manifesto is signed by 9 Nobel Prize winners
Accountancy Training
Begins accountancy articles with Peat Marwick & Mitchell while also developing property interests in London.
Michian Property Business
Forms the property venture Michian with Oxford friend Ian Josephs, combining their first names in the company name.
Thurston Court Hotel Investment
Uses inherited capital and borrowing with Ian Josephs to acquire a lease on the Thurston Court Hotel property near Notting Hill.
Bow Group Chairmanship
Becomes chairman of the Bow Group, an influential Conservative policy organisation associated with younger modernising Conservatives.
Election
Healey wins Leeds East at the 1955 general election.
Member of Parliament
Healey begins representing Leeds East, a constituency he retains until his Commons retirement in 1992.
Education
Attends Western Hill pre-pre school
Editor
Rejoins Tribune as editor from 1955 to 1960
Tribune
Rejoins Tribune as editor from 1955 to 1960
Nuclear Weapons
Takes part in Labour debates over nuclear weapons, defence policy and disarmament.
Deputy Party Leader
Appointed Deputy Leader of the Labour Party
Constitution of Labour Party
Reports that the Labour Party is too centralized. Heads an NEC working group into why Labour had lost the last 2 elections
Election
Heads an NEC working group into why Labour had lost the last 2 elections
Gaitskellite Revisionism
Aligns with Hugh Gaitskell's modernising and revisionist wing of the Labour Party.
Constitution of Great Britain
Heads a subcommittee on the organisation of the Labour Party
Election
At the General Election doubles his majority in Huyton to 2,558
Member of Parliament
Decemberides not to stand for the leadership of the Labour Party but to support Gaitskell. At the General Election doubles his majority in Huyton to 2,558
Member of Parliament
Challenges unsuccessfully for the leadership of the Labour Party, wins 70 votes
Party Whip Restored
Regains party standing after internal Labour conflict.
Nuclear Weapons
Has the party whip withdrawn because of opposition to Attlee's support for the H-bomb
Member of Parliament
Unsuccessfully stands for the Party leadership, defeated in the first round
Member of Parliament
Unsuccessfull for the leadership of the Labour Party, defeated in the 1st round
Election
Appointed Shadow Chancellor after Gaitskell wins the leadership election
Shadow Minister
Appointed Shadow Chancellor after Gaitskell wins the leadership election
Election
The Conservatives win 344 seats, Labour 277, Liberals 6 and Sinn Fein 2
Early Radio Mapping of Andromeda
Produces early radio maps of M31 with the Cambridge Radio Astronomy Group, revealing the galaxy as an extended radio source rather than a single point.
Red Giant Evolution
Hoyle and Martin Schwarzschild developed influential models explaining how low-mass stars evolve into luminous red giants.
Caltech Collaboration
Works with nuclear physicists at Caltech on stellar element formation.
Invention of Hovercraft
Invents the Hovercraft
Death of Hubert Cecil Booth
Death of Hubert Cecil Booth
Modern Scanning Electron Microscopy
Leads development of practical scanning electron microscopes with improved detectors and electronic imaging systems.
Ipswich Town
Retires from playing to become manager of Ipswich Town. Guides the Suffolk-based side to third place in the 3rd Division South in his debut season, the side scoring 106 goals in the 46 league fixtures
Manager
Retires from playing to become manager of Ipswich Town
Retirement
Retires from playing to become manager of Ipswich Town
Don Revies autobiography Soccers Happy Wanderer
Publication of Don Revies autobiography Soccers Happy Wanderer
Player of the Year
Winner of the Football Writers Association Footballer of the Year
Revie Plan
Adopts the Revie Plan for England in a 7-2 victory over Scotland at Wembley, this was seen as something of a restoration in national pride at the time after recent humiliations inflicted by Hungary and Ireland
Revie Plan
Revie plays a pivotal role in the introduction to English football of the playing position of a deep-lying centre forward which evolves into the so-called Revie Plan, with Revie as the central figure, this role derives from the more traditional inside right position, and is based on the style of the successful Hungarian national team
Leeds Defensive Establishment
Charlton becomes increasingly important in Leeds United's defensive arrangements during the club's Second Division years.
Newcastle United Trophy Campaign Completed by Livingstone
Livingstone's Newcastle United lift the cup after a 3-1 final success over Manchester City.
Youth Cup Defence
Charlton contributes to Manchester United's youth side as it retains the FA Youth Cup during his development as a first-team prospect.
First League Goal Against Leicester
Clough scores his first league goal for Middlesbrough against Leicester City at Ayresome Park in October. It signals the emergence of a remarkably productive centre-forward.
Middlesbrough Senior Debut
Brian Clough makes his Football League debut for Middlesbrough against Barnsley in September 1955. The young striker begins a prolific association with his hometown club.
Huddersfield Youth Recruitment
Law left Aberdeen for Huddersfield Town as a teenager, beginning his professional development far from home.
Four Goals Against Scotland
Scores four times for England against Scotland while an established Wolverhampton Wanderers forward.
Wednesday Goalscoring Legacy
Dooley remained a celebrated Sheffield Wednesday figure, having established an extraordinary scoring record before a serious injury ended his playing career.
Brentford Club Record Goalscoring Era
Towers became a prolific scorer for Brentford and formed a celebrated attacking partnership with George Francis at Griffin Park.
Harris Continues Scoring at Fratton Park
Harris remains one of Portsmouth's most effective post-war forwards, regularly testing First Division defenders from the right wing.
Gillingham Scoring Opportunity
Saunders moves to Gillingham and gains regular first-team football, laying the groundwork for his reputation as a goalscorer.
Nuclear Power
Produces a White Paper for the adoption of the British hydrogen bomb
Hindu Marriage Act
The Hindu Marriage Act establishes monogamy as a legal requirement for Hindus and reforms marriage law.
Raychaudhuri Equation
Raychaudhuri derives the focusing equation that later becomes central to the singularity theorems of general relativity.
Conference of Bandung
The Conference strikes a blow against European "neo-colonialism"
United Nations
Leader of the delegation to the General Assembly of the United Nations, to which Ireland had been admitted in 1955
Prime Minister of Israel
Appointed Prime Minister of Israel, 3rd term
Ambassador
Appointed Ambassador of USA
Birth of Trevor Berbick
Birth of Trevor Berbick
I Live in Fear
Kurosawas I Live in Fear
Silver Lion-
Awarded the Silver Lion at the Venice Film Festival for Seven Samurai
Film
Hiroshi Inagaki wins an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film for Part I of his Samurai Trilogy
Studies in Zen
Publication of "Studies in Zen"
Prime Minister of Kampuchea
Appointed Prime Minister of Kampuchea
Abdication
Abdicates as King
Prime Minister of Kampuchea
Appointed Prime Minister of Kampuchea, 2nd term, 1955-1956
KCP
The central role of the peasants in national development was espoused by Hou Yuon in his 1955 thesis, "The Kampuchean Peasants and Their Prospects for Modernization"
KSU
The central role of the peasants in national development was espoused by Hou Yuon in his 1955 thesis, "The Kampuchean Peasants and Their Prospects for Modernization"
KCP
The KCP wins about 4% of the electoral vote but does not secure a seat in the legislature
KCP
During the mid-1950s, two KPRP factions, the "urban committee" (headed by Tou Samouth), and the "rural committee" (headed by Sieu Heng), emerged. In very general terms, these groups espoused divergent revolutionary lines
KCP
During the mid-1950s, two KPRP factions, the "urban committee" (headed by Tou Samouth), and the "rural committee" (headed by Sieu Heng), emerged. In very general terms, these groups espoused divergent revolutionary lines
Chief of Staff Appointed
Appointed Army Chief of Staff in Phnom Penh
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff
General
Appointed General Secretary of the Kenyan Federation of Labour
Prime Minister
Leads a conservative government in the early independent kingdom
Lao Peoples Party Founding
Becomes a senior figure in the Lao communist movement
Election
The Alliance Party wins the election
Guerrilla Training
Trains Cuban exiles in guerrilla warfare.
Conference of Bandung
Takes an active part in the Bandung Conference
Warsaw Pact Organisation
Poland joins the Warsaw Pact
Canticum Sacrum
Composes, "Canticum Sacrum"
The End of Eternity
Publication of "The End of Eternity"
Assigned to Uraltyazhtrubstroy
Begins professional work with the Uraltyazhtrubstroy construction trust after graduating as an engineer.
Learns Building Trades
Chooses to work through several manual construction trades before taking a supervisory engineering post.
Armament
Russia provides major military support to Egypt
Austrian Neutrality Agreement
Supports the agreement under which Austria becomes independent and permanently neutral.
Dismissal
Manages to manoeuvre Malankov from his position as First Secretary
Early De-Stalinization
Begins dismantling selected aspects of Stalin's political legacy before the Twentieth Party Congress.
Economy of Russia
Gosplan is divided into two commissions, the USSR Council of Minister's State Commission for Advanced Planning and the USSR Council of Minister's Economic Commission on Current Planning, tasked with predictive and immediate planning
Gosplan Reorganization
The Soviet planning apparatus is reorganized into separate long-term and current-planning bodies.
Gosplan
Gosplan is divided into two commissions, the USSR Council of Minister's State Commission for Advanced Planning and the USSR Council of Minister's Economic Commission on Current Planning, tasked with predictive and immediate planning
Military Assistance to Egypt
Approves major Soviet-bloc military assistance to Egypt during the expansion of Soviet influence in the Middle East.
Neutrality
Agrees Austria will be neutral, neither part of the Eastern bloc nor part of the west
Neutrality
A state Treaty is signed with by the 4 occupying powers, Austria remains neutral
Stalinization
Begins the policy of de-Stalinization
Treaty Signed at Vienna
A state Treaty is signed with by the 4 occupying powers, Austria remains neutral
Treaty of Friendship
Russia & Yugoslavia sign a Treaty of friendship
Treaty of Friendship
Russia & Yugoslavia sign a Treaty of friendship. Russia provides major military support to Egypt. Khruschev visits Yugoslavia to "bury the hatchet" with Tito. Khruschev & Bulganin visit Indonesia. Khruschev & Bulganin visit India. Khruschev & Bulganin visit Burma. Goes on a visit to India in order to provide technical & economic assistance. Agrees Austria will be neutral, neither part of the Eastern bloc nor part of the west
Communist Party
Appointed Member of Communist Party
Communist Party
Appointed Member of Communist Party
Komsomol
Appointed Organizer of local Komsomol
Reaffirms Sino-Soviet relations
Reaffirms Sino-Soviet relations
Visit to Indonesia
Khruschev & Bulganin visit Indonesia. Khruschev & Bulganin visit India. Khruschev & Bulganin visit Burma. Goes on a visit to India in order to provide technical & economic assistance
Rule of Hungary
Orders occupation of Hungary after a debate in the Politburo
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointed Minister of Defence
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointed Minister of Defence
Kerensky Memoirs
Works on memoir material about revolution and exile.
Commander of Anti-Air Def
Appointed Commander of the Anti-Aircraft Defence Forces
Deputy Commander
Appointed Deputy Commander of the land forces
Legislation
An Act is passed making it unlawful to provide unauthorized education
Reform of Education
An Act is passed making it unlawful to provide unauthorized education
Constitution of South Africa
The supremacy of Parliament is confirmed
Independence of South Africa
The supremacy of Parliament is confirmed
Legislation
Group Areas Development Act, apartheid legislation
President of South Africa
Appointed President General of the ANC, 2nd term
Youth Leader
Appointed Youth Leader od the SDLP
Youth Leader
A board member of the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League and lectured at the Youth League College Bommersvi
The Childs Construction of Reality
Publication of "The Childs Construction of Reality"
Professor
Appointed Professor of Child Psychology at the Sorbonne
President of Syria
Appointed President of Syria, 2nd term
Massacre
The Greeks are driven out of Istanbul. Organizes anti-Greek pogroms in which over 2,000 are killed
Pogroms
Organizes anti-Greek pogroms in which over 2,000 are killed
Palme dOr
Directs, Marty
Academy Award
Winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor in Marty
Marty
Winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor in Marty
Oklahoma!
Directs, "Oklahoma!"
Mr. Arkadin
Directs, "Mr. Arkadin"
Palme dOr
Orson Welles film Othello wins the Palme dOr
To Catch a Thief
Stars in, "To Catch a Thief"
The Man from Laramie
Stars in, "The Man from Laramie"
BAFTA
Katie Johnson wins the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her part in The Ladykillers
Mr. Arkadin
Produces, "Mr. Arkadin"
Marilyn Monroe Productions
Monroe began a new Battle for control over her career and left Hollywood for the East Coast, where she and photographer Milton Greene founded their own production company, Marilyn Monroe Productions (MMP)
Academy Award
Winner of the best male actor for "On The Waterfront"
BAFTA
Writes the screenplay for The Ladykillers, for which he is nominated for an Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay and wins the BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay
The Ladykillers
Writes the screenplay for The Ladykillers, for which he is nominated for an Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay and wins the BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay
Francis in the Navy
Appears in Francis in the Navy during his early period of small studio roles.
Lady Godiva of Coventry
Appears in Lady Godiva of Coventry while working under his early studio contract.
Revenge of the Creature
Makes an uncredited acting debut as a laboratory assistant in the film Revenge of the Creature.
Tarantula
Appears in the science-fiction film Tarantula during his early Hollywood career.
The Martian Way Collection
Asimov published The Martian Way and Other Stories, bringing several science-fiction narratives together.
The Deer Park
"The Deer Park", draws on his experiences working as a screenwriter in Hollywood in the early 1950s
Maybellene
Chuck Berrys "Maybellene" is first of series of hits for "Mr. Rock n Roll"
Rock n Roll
Chuck Berrys "Maybellene" is first of series of hits for "Mr. Rock n Roll"
Rock n Roll
Elvis Presley becomes first "rock star"
Plays with the Ramblers
Plays drums in the Ramblers, one of his earliest teenage bands.
World Bank Financing Negotiations
Black negotiates proposed World Bank participation in financing the High Dam.
Preliminary American Financing Offer
Dulles supports a conditional American contribution toward the first construction phase.
Government
Chief architect of the Baghdad Pact
Press
Appointed Editor of The National Review, warns about the dangers of Communism
Trade Mart Building Financing
Shaw helped secure financing for the major International Trade Mart building project in New Orleans.
Trade Mart Tenant Recruitment
Shaw worked to attract tenants needed for the planned International Trade Mart building.
Civil Air Patrol Association
The HSCA later concluded that Oswald and Ferrie apparently first came into contact during Oswald's teenage participation in a New Orleans Civil Air Patrol unit where Ferrie served as an instructor.
Civil Air Patrol Membership
Lee briefly belonged to the Civil Air Patrol while living in New Orleans during his teenage years.
Dolly Shoe Company Stockboy
Lee worked mainly Saturdays for about ten weeks at the Dolly Shoe Company, where his employer remembered him as a stockboy.
Japan Covert Action Assignment
After his Guatemala work, Hunt served in Japan as a CIA covert-action officer before later assignments in the Western Hemisphere.
Education
Receives Ph.D in systematic theology from Boston University
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The boycott lasts for 381 days, the situation becoming so tense that King's house is bombed, King is arrested during this campaign, which ends with a United States Supreme Court decision outlawing racial segregation on all public transport
Pluto
Photoelectric observations establish a roughly 6.4-day brightness periodicity for Pluto, providing the first reliable measurement of its rotation period.
Jupiter Radio Emissions
With Kenneth Franklin, detects strong decametric radio bursts coming from Jupiter.
Jupiter Rotation from Radio Bursts
Uses recurring Jovian radio bursts to improve estimates of Jupiter's rotation.
Discovery of Mendelevium
Helps produce and identify mendelevium, element 101, which is named in honour of Dmitri Mendeleev.
Weather Radar Research
Radar methods improve storm detection and precipitation research.
Einstein-Kaufman General Relativistic Equations
With Bruria Kaufman, develops a new form of general relativistic field equations, one of the final technical products of Einstein's lifelong geometric programme.
Russell-Einstein Manifesto Signed
Signs Bertrand Russell's appeal warning of nuclear war and urging peaceful resolution of international disputes.
Saigon Mission
Advises Ngo Dinh Diem and conducts political operations in South Vietnam
Treaty of Friendship
Russia & Yugoslavia sign a Treaty of friendship
President of Zaire
Appointed President of the cultural-political association ABAKO
Arrest of Kenneth David Kuanda
Kaunda and Nkumbula are imprisoned for two months (with hard labour) for distributing "subversive" literature
Education
After graduating, Mugabe lectures at Chalimbana Teacher Training College, in Zambia from 1955-1958
A Train of Powder
West published A Train of Powder, essays examining trials, justice and the consequences of violence.
Tashkent Cancer Treatment
Solzhenitsyn received cancer treatment that later informed the novel Cancer Ward.
The Bread of Those Early Years
Böll published Das Brot der frühen Jahre, reflecting on hunger and postwar recovery.
Men in Dark Times Essays
Arendt developed portraits of twentieth century intellectual and moral lives.
Hinton Reviews Reactor Commissioning Progress
Hinton's nuclear engineering teams prepare the station's reactors and generating equipment for operation.
Cockcroft Promotes Peaceful Atomic Applications
Cockcroft supports the development of civilian uses for nuclear science amid widening public attention to atomic energy.
Plowden Oversees Nuclear Industry Expansion
Plowden oversees an organisation responsible for developing nuclear research, materials and generating projects.