1956 in History

Commands 16th Independent Parachute Brigade during the airborne assault phase

the first nuclear power generated in Britain is produced in Calder Hall

Sharon's overland column links with the paratroopers dropped near Mitla Pass the previous day.

Sharon leads the 202nd Paratroop Brigade overland toward the isolated battalion near Mitla Pass.

When the cabin cruiser Granma sets out from Tuxpan, Vera Cruz for Cuba, Guevara is one of only four nonns aboard

Wallach directs the 38th Division's infantry and armoured formations on the central Sinai axis.

Laskov's 77th Division begins its offensive on the northern Sinai axis during the night.

Eitan's paratroopers establish positions near the eastern approaches to Mitla Pass after landing in Sinai.

Elements of Eitan's 890th Battalion meet Gur's newly landed Nahal force at El-Tor.

Eitan's isolated 890th Battalion is reunited with the advancing 202nd Paratroop Brigade.

Ben-Ari's armoured forces help break through Egyptian positions in the Abu Ageila sector.

Dayan directs forces toward the key Abu Ageila road junction and defensive complex.

Simhoni coordinates the converging Israeli formations attacking Egyptian positions around Abu Ageila.

Ben-Ari's armoured brigade helps open the route through the Abu Ageila defensive area.

Keightley orders forces to stop advancing when political leaders accept the ceasefire.

Directs paratroopers as they move from El Gamil toward Port Said

Orders air attacks on Egypt after Nasser rejects the Anglo-French ultimatum

Egypt comes under British and French air attack after rejecting the ultimatum.

Tolkowsky's air force attacks Egyptian forces while supporting the continuing Israeli advance across Sinai.

Israeli aircraft under Tolkowsky perform liaison missions between widely separated forces during Operation Kadesh.

Directs air operations aimed at neutralising Egyptian airfields

Barnett's air forces support the airborne and amphibious phases after attacks have reduced Egyptian air opposition.

Barnett keeps air support available as ground forces advance along the northern canal zone.

Butler sends British paratroopers from Cyprus for the assault on El Gamil and the approaches to Port Said.

Butler directs airborne troops expanding the bridgehead from El Gamil toward Port Said.

Keightley authorises the airborne assault phase that places British and French paratroopers around Port Said and Port Fuad.

Survives Batista's attack on the Granma rebels.

Escapes after the Granma force is scattered.

Survives the rebel defeat after the Granma landing.

Concludes a defence agreement with Saudi Arabia amid growing regional tensions.

Keightley implements political orders ending the offensive while Allied ground forces are still advancing south from Port Said.

Keightley directs the combined Anglo-French headquarters as the air phase against Egypt begins.

Keightley authorises the seaborne assault reinforcing forces already fighting around Port Said.

Durnford-Slater positions the naval assault force off Port Said before the seaborne landings.

Keightley directs the transition from airborne operations to the main amphibious assault on the canal-zone cities.

Eisenhower publicly opposes the Anglo-French use of force and supports United Nations action.

Issues an Anglo-French ultimatum to Egypt and Israel after Israel's invasion of Sinai

Presents the ultimatum demanding withdrawal from the canal zone and acceptance of Anglo-French occupation

Nasser insists that British and French forces must leave Egyptian territory completely.

Participates in delivering petitions against discriminatory pass laws.

Denounces the intervention before a mass anti-war crowd.

Yoffe's brigade continues the southern advance toward Sharm el-Sheikh and the Straits of Tiran.

Lee left Arlington Heights High School on September 28, 1956, less than a month before entering the Marine Corps.

Ben-Ari's 7th Armoured Brigade advances deep into Sinai and halts about fifteen kilometres from the Suez Canal.

Laskov employs armour at the front of the northern advance, demonstrating the growing battlefield role of Israeli armoured forces.

Tankus's naval forces help land armoured vehicles supporting the Israeli advance along the southern route.

The last Mau Mau leader, Dedan Kimath is captured by Kikuyu Tribal Police in Nyeri with 13 remaining guerrillas, and is subsequently hanged in early 1957, having been sentenced to death by a court presided over by the British Chief Consul

Doenitz is released from prison

Keightley confirms final preparations for the airborne and amphibious assault on the canal zone.

Nasser confronts withdrawal of American and British support for financing the High Dam.

Survives a party challenge and consolidates power.

Oakley leads his troop ashore during the opening Royal Marine assault under naval gunfire support.

Directs Beyond a Reasonable Doubt.

Ben-Ari's armoured column reaches Bir al-Hamma as the Israeli advance continues westward.

Ben-Ari's brigade advances through central Sinai and reaches the Bir Hasna area.

Wilson condemns the Anglo-French intervention during a Labour meeting in Birmingham.

The UK & France bomb Egypt to force the reopening of the canal with Operation Musketeer, Egypt blocks the canal with scuttled ships in the canal & closes it until 1957

Faces British and French air attacks during Operation Musketeer after the Israeli invasion of Sinai.

Britain withdraws its proposed High Dam contribution after the American decision.

Makes a TV broadcast to the nation appealing for national unity

Questions the risks of military action during early Cabinet discussions of the canal crisis

Helps manage Commons business as the crisis produces deep political division

Expresses serious reservations inside government about the resort to force over Suez

Supports the Government line as ministers defend the Suez operation in Parliament

Menzies leaves Cairo without agreement after Nasser rejects international control of the canal.

Menzies begins talks with Nasser on proposals for international management of the canal.

Calder Hall opens as a British nuclear power station.

Opens Calder Hall, promoted as the world's first full-scale nuclear power station

Opens Calder Hall nuclear power station

Simhoni completes command of the rapid Sinai campaign after Israeli forces reach their principal objectives.

Younis supervises the transfer of canal administration from the company to Egyptian control.

Butler leads elements of the parachute brigade south along the canal bank with Royal Tank Regiment support.

United Nations-led salvage work begins clearing scuttled ships from the canal

British military engineering experience informs the wider clearance problem after ships block the canal

Hammarskjold asks the General Assembly for authority to negotiate arrangements for clearing the canal.

Younis oversees Egyptian assessment of canal obstructions and damage after the fighting.

Nasser orders Egyptian authorities to secure the assets and offices of the Suez Canal Company.

Announces that Egypt will not renew the Suez Canal Company's concession when it expires.

Receives news that Nasser has nationalised the Suez Canal Company and calls ministers for urgent consultations

Responds to Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal by preparing political and military countermeasures

Begins diplomatic work to build an international response to Egypt's seizure of the canal company

Nasser's government demonstrates that Egyptian personnel can continue operating the canal after the pilot resignations.

Eden reviews contingency plans as foreign canal pilots prepare to leave Egyptian service.

Nasser presents Suez Canal income as a source of funding for national development projects.

Nasser retains Egyptian control of the Suez Canal after the Anglo-French withdrawal.

Dayan uses the Mitla airborne landing to create an Israeli threat toward the Suez Canal under the Kadesh plan.

Dulles develops the Suez Canal Users Association proposal as a non-military alternative to confrontation.

Amer shifts attention to defending the canal zone as the Sinai withdrawal accelerates.

Oversees evacuation of British civilians from the Canal Zone during the crisis.

Barnett employs Canberra squadrons from Malta and Cyprus throughout the six-day air offensive.

Gaza falls to the British forces

Leads a short AFPFL government during U Nu's absence from office

Durnford-Slater coordinates carrier-based air operations against Egyptian military targets.

Tailyour's commandos are landed by helicopters near Casino Pier to reinforce forces already fighting in Port Said.

Tolkowsky's air force evacuates casualties from forward areas while the ground campaign continues.

Agrees to a ceasefire after severe American, Soviet and United Nations pressure

Eden announces that military operations will cease and that United Nations forces will be used

Accepts a ceasefire under United States, United Nations and Soviet pressure

Condemns the widening crisis and supports a United Nations ceasefire rather than Anglo-French intervention.

Supports General Assembly action calling for a ceasefire and withdrawal from Egypt.

Accepts a ceasefire under intense American, Soviet, and United Nations pressure.

Accepts a ceasefire after United Nations action and international pressure force an end to the invasion.

Announces the decision to halt military operations under intense international pressure

Receives orders to halt the advance after international pressure forces a ceasefire

Ben-Gurion considers international ceasefire demands while Israeli forces hold Sinai and Gaza.

The Central Committee adopts a resolution condemning the cult of personality and its consequences.

Construction begins on the Central Cross-Island Highway, a major infrastructure project linking eastern and western Taiwan.

Tailyour's 45 Commando clears the area between the axes of the two leading Royal Marine commandos.

Wallach's divisional group reduces key Egyptian positions while the Israeli central axis moves deeper into Sinai.

Meets senior ministers as British policy moves closer to coordinated action with France and Israel

Closes the Russian consulate

Orders obstruction of the Suez Canal by sinking ships to deny use of the waterway to the invaders.

The government promulgated the Code of Personal Status, reforming marriage, divorce, and family law.

Makes a Commons statement denying prior collusion over the invasion of Egypt

Denies prior collusion in the Suez invasion during Commons questioning

Faces questioning over whether Britain had prior knowledge of Israel's attack on Egypt

Barjot coordinates French naval elements with British forces supporting Operation Musketeer.

Co-discovers the bright comet later known as Arend-Roland.

The Cominform is dissolved after the Soviet rapprochement with Yugoslavia and the process of De-Stalinization

Moulton coordinates Royal Marine operations with Centurion tanks landed to support fighting inside Port Said.

Moulton directs the Royal Marine beach assault by 40 and 42 Commandos at Port Said.

Supports helicopter-borne commando landings from the carrier force off Port Said

Whitney supports the helicopter lift carrying Royal Marines from the carrier force to the landing area.

Attacks the Government over the financial and diplomatic consequences of the Suez adventure

Works to maintain Conservative support after the ceasefire announcement

Rejects proposals from the London conference intended to place the canal under international control.

The Allies agree Israel should invade & Britain & France would intervene & instruct the Israeli & Egyptian armies to withdraw 10 miles either side of the canal

Makes a speech in closed session demolishing Stalins supposed infallibility

Denounces Stalin as a criminal & that unreconstructed Stalinists are no better

Tunisians elected a Constituent Assembly to draft the institutions of the independent state.

Wins approval for a new republican constitution establishing a strong presidential system.

Promulgates the republican constitution after its approval in a national referendum.

The 1956 Constitution creates the republic and makes Iskander Mirza its first President.

Rifai participates in constitutional reform connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

Batista suppresses the Barquin officers' conspiracy within the army.

Lands in Cuba at the head of a revolutionary group and begins a campaign against Batista

Meets Ben-Gurion to discuss the invasion of Egypt in order to overthrow Nasser

Batista suppresses the Barquin officers' conspiracy within the army.

Lays the foundation stone for Coventry Cathedral

The Central Comm passes a resolution "overcoming the Cult of the Individual"

Joins the Soviet leadership decision to reverse course and use military force against the Hungarian uprising.

Authorises the Israeli attack on Egypt, framing it as a campaign to end fedayeen attacks and open navigation.

Signs a defence agreement with Saudi Arabia as Egypt expands regional military cooperation.

Anti-Suez demonstrators advance from Trafalgar Square toward Downing Street.

Ends the year managing the diplomatic aftermath of the failed intervention

Identifies a comet that becomes a prominent naked-eye object in 1957.

Ben-Ari's 7th Armoured Brigade captures the Dyka Pass during the central Sinai breakthrough.

Dayan's original timetable is overtaken when the 7th Armoured Brigade enters combat a day earlier than planned.

Warns that control of the canal affects oil supplies, sterling and Britain's financial position

The US will support Britain if it accepts the United Nations solution, the pound collapses

Meets British Prime Minister Anthony Eden in Washington for talks on international affairs.

Barnett directs the opening air campaign intended to destroy Egyptian air power before the landings.

Tolkowsky directs air operations that attack Egyptian communications facilities as Operation Kadesh opens.

Younis helps keep canal traffic moving after many foreign pilots leave their posts.

Dayan orders Israeli formations to exploit the general Egyptian withdrawal from Sinai.

Leads 3rd Battalion The Parachute Regiment in the assault on El Gamil Airfield

3rd Battalion The Parachute Regiment drops at El Gamil Airfield and secures a base for follow-on forces

Crook's 3 Para secures El Gamil airfield and establishes a base for reinforcement.

Crook's paratroopers defend the captured airfield perimeter while reorganising after the drop.

Chateau-Jobert directs paratroopers toward the strategic El Raswa bridge after regrouping under Egyptian fire.

Laskov's 77th Division reaches the approaches to El-Arish after advancing along the northern axis.

Gur's Nahal battalion links with soldiers of the 890th Battalion at El-Tor.

Gur commands a Nahal battalion parachute landing at El-Tor during the southern phase of Operation Kadesh.

Simhoni's Southern Command uses the 11th Brigade to capture the Gaza Strip during Operation Kadesh.

Eden summons ministers after learning that Egypt has nationalised the Suez Canal Company.

Pearson advances the proposal for an international emergency force to supervise a ceasefire and separation.

Undergoes emergency surgery for ileitis while serving as President.

Declares emergency measures during the British, French and Israeli attack on Egypt.

Completes the First Presidential Term as President of Iceland.

The Fourth Olafur Thors Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.

Executed for treason

The Act launches construction of the Interstate Highway System.

Begins the Fifth Hermann Jonasson Government and serves as Prime Minister of Iceland.

Lloyd negotiates the final timetable for British and French evacuation from Port Said.

Macmillan warns that continuing the operation risks a severe sterling and reserve crisis.

Refuses support for Britain until the Anglo-French operation is halted and withdrawal is accepted.

Chateau-Jobert leads the first 2e RPC airborne group dropped south of Port Said during Operation Musketeer.

Pakistan's first Constitution enters into force and establishes a parliamentary republic.

Coaches Real Madrid to victory over Reims in the first European Cup final.

Scores twice, including the late winning goal, as Real Madrid defeat Reims 4-3.

Brothier commands the 1er REP as it embarks with the French amphibious force for the Egyptian coast.

Brothier leads the 1er REP during the amphibious landing that reinforces French control of Port Fuad.

Eitan commands the 890th Battalion in the first combat parachute landing conducted by the Israel Defense Forces.

Tailyour commands 45 Commando during the first operational helicopter assault conducted by the Royal Marines.

Crook leads 3 Para in Britain's first battalion-sized combat parachute assault since the Second World War.

Resigns after his first long premiership

Jeanpierre serves as deputy commander of the 1er REP during the occupation of Port Fuad.

Brothier's amphibious force links with 2e RPC paratroopers already holding positions around Port Fuad.

Appointed First Secretary of the Stravropol City Komsomol Committee

Menzies is chosen to lead a five-nation committee carrying the London proposals to Nasser.

Tailyour's reconnaissance helicopter mistakenly lands in an Egyptian-held stadium and escapes after coming under fire.

Beaufre commands Force A, the French ground contingent allocated to the Suez expedition.

Dulles urges Britain and France to pursue negotiation rather than immediate military action.

Orders measures affecting British and French nationals after the Suez crisis escalates.

Norcock commands 42 Commando as it lands at Port Said in amphibious Buffalo vehicles.

Norcock's commandos fight through the built-up area after landing on the Port Said waterfront.

Stockwell halts forward units after the ceasefire order interrupts the planned advance down the canal.

Strengthens Israeli-French defence cooperation before the Sinai Campaign.

Barjot directs the French naval contribution supporting the amphibious landing at Port Fuad.

Peres expands French-Israeli defence cooperation as planning for a Sinai operation accelerates.

Beaufre's forces remain in the Port Fuad sector under ceasefire conditions.

Barjot coordinates French participation within the combined command structure for the assault on Egypt.

Beaufre finalises French ground-force arrangements for the assault on Port Said.

Barjot's naval forces support French airborne and amphibious units around Port Said.

Beaufre coordinates French airborne attacks supporting the seizure of the northern canal zone.

Beaufre directs French ground forces as they establish control in Port Fuad after the assault.

Simhoni coordinates operations across both the Gaza and central Sinai fronts.

Dayan coordinates operations aimed at defeating Egyptian forces in the Gaza Strip.

Appointed Head of the Hungary Socialist Workers Party

30 June-11 July, Nixon pays a good will trip to Asia

His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.

The Spaak report is accepted at the Venice Conference where the decision is taken to organise an InterGovernmental Conference. The InterGovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom focused on economic unity, leading to the Treaties of Rome being signed in 1957 which established the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) among the members

Lands from the Granma with Castro's rebel expedition.

82 men from the 26th of July Movement land in Cuba, having sailed in the boat Granma from Tuxpan, Vera Cruz, ready to organize and lead a revolution

Of the 82 who sailed aboard the Granma, only 15 eventually regrouped in the Sierra Maestra mountain range. 82 men from the 26th of July Movement land in Cuba, having sailed in the boat Granma from Tuxpan, Vera Cruz, ready to organize and lead a revolution

Lands from the Granma with Castro's rebel expedition.

Participates in the preparations of the expedition of the ship Granma, embarking for Cuba on December 2, 1956

When the cabin cruiser Granma sets out from Tuxpan, Vera Cruz for Cuba, Guevara is one of only four nonns aboard. The first step in Castros revolutionary plan is an assault on Cuba from Mexico via the Granma, an old, leaky cabin cruiser

Sails from Mexico aboard Granma with the rebel expedition.

Embarks aboard Granma for Cuba.

Embarks with the Granma expedition.

Embarks as doctor and fighter in the Granma expedition.

His forces hunt the Granma survivors.

Lands from the Granma with Castro's rebel expedition.

Lands from the Granma with Castro's rebel expedition.

Lands in eastern Cuba with the Granma expedition.

Organizes, trains and leads for the guerrilla invasion of Cuba

Participates in the preparations of the expedition of the ship Granma, embarking for Cuba on December 2, 1956

Part of the tiny group of survivors who manage to reach a safe haven in the Sierra Maestra mountains

Stockwell opens the ground phase of the Anglo-French assault after airborne forces establish initial positions.

Sharon leads the ground element of the 202nd Paratroop Brigade toward the isolated force near Mitla Pass.

Eden ends military operations before Anglo-French forces can seize the full canal zone.

Eden goes to Jamaica for the sake of his health, Heath is left to manage the party

Eden goes to Jamaica for the sake of his health

Returns from Jamaica

First enters the US charts with "Heartbreak Hotel"

Moulton's Royal Marines use helicopters from carriers during the assault, a major innovation in amphibious warfare.

Tailyour flies from HMS Ocean to reconnoitre the landing area before 45 Commando's helicopter assault.

Moulton integrates 45 Commando after its helicopter landing into the continuing clearance of Port Said.

HMS Newfoundland engages and sinks the Egyptian frigate Domiat during the naval phase

Defends a firm British response to Nasser during the first major Commons debate after nationalization

Criticises Nasser's action but warns Eden against unilateral military action without international authority

Offers to admit refugees fleeing the crushed Hungarian uprising.

Sends reports to the Kremlin from Budapest, and escorting visiting Soviet Presidium leaders Anastas Mikoyan and Mikhail Suslov via an armoured personnel carrier into Budapest on 24 October, because there was too much shooting in the streets

Argues that Eden's Suez policy damages Britain's standing as Soviet forces crush the Hungarian uprising

Warns that Britain cannot sustain the financial crisis without American support

Tunisia & Morocco are granted independence

Spain recognizes the independence of Morocco

Spain recognizes the independence of Morocco

Tunisia & Morocco are granted independence

Nehru's government adopts the Industrial Policy Resolution, expanding the planned role of the public sector.

Israeli naval forces under Tankus land infantry to assist the 9th Brigade's southern advance.

A Conference on the IAEA Statute was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA, which was negotiated in 1955-1956 by a group of twelve countries

A Conference on the IAEA Statute was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA, which was negotiated in 1955-1956 by a group of twelve countries

The Agencys genesis was Eisenhowers "Atoms for Peace" address to the General Assembly of the United Nations 1953. these ideas help shape the IAEA Statute, which 81 nations unanimously approve in October 1956

The Statute outlines the three pillars of the Agency's work - nuclear verification and security, safety and technology transfer. The Agency's genesis was Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" address to the General Assembly of the United Nations 1953. these ideas help shape the IAEA Statute, which 81 nations unanimously approve in October 1956

Meir argues that Israeli action is tied to border attacks and restrictions on navigation.

Pineau supports proposals intended to place canal operations under an international system.

Nasser rejects the five-nation committee's proposal for international management of the canal.

82 men from the 26th of July Movement land in Cuba, having sailed in the boat Granma from Tuxpan, Vera Cruz, ready to organize and lead a revolution

Of the 82 who sailed aboard the Granma, only 15 eventually regrouped in the Sierra Maestra mountain range. 82 men from the 26th of July Movement land in Cuba, having sailed in the boat Granma from Tuxpan, Vera Cruz, ready to organize and lead a revolution

The first step in Castros revolutionary plan is an assault on Cuba from Mexico via the Granma, an old, leaky cabin cruiser

Attacked by Batista's military soon after landing, many of the 82 men were either killed in the attack or executed upon capture; only 22 found each other afterwards

Only a small band of revolutionaries survive to re-group as a bedraggled fighting force deep in the Sierra Maestra mountains, where they received support from the urban guerrilla network of Frank Pais, the 26th of July Movement, and local campesinos

Meets the French Prime Minister to discuss the invasion of Egypt to oust Nasser

Opposes the Anglo-French invasion of Egypt and backs United Nations action to end the crisis.

Israel invades the Gaza Strip & the Sinai Peninsula & make rapid progress towards the Suez Canal Zone

Israel invades the Gaza Strip & the Sinai Peninsula & make rapid progress towards the Suez Canal Zone

Israel launches Operation Kadesh, invading the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula and advancing toward the Suez Canal Zone.

Israel invades Sinai under Operation Kadesh; Nasser's government faces a rapid Israeli advance.

Tankus directs naval forces protecting Israel's coast while the Sinai campaign is underway.

Mollet's government deepens secret military coordination with Israel as diplomatic settlement appears increasingly unlikely.

Dulles receives reports indicating that Israeli military action against Egypt may be imminent.

Uses Israel's invasion of Sinai as the trigger for the planned Anglo-French ultimatum

Eisenhower warns Israel against widening the Middle East crisis as mobilisation becomes evident.

Challe supports the concept that an Israeli attack should provide the trigger for Anglo-French intervention.

Lee worked briefly as an office boy for J. R. Michels, Inc., before taking messenger work at the Pfisterer Dental Laboratory.

Leaves Britain for rest in Jamaica as his health and political position deteriorate

Leaves for Jamaica as his health and authority deteriorate after Suez

Ben-Ari's armoured forces capture Jebel Libni after breaking through the central Sinai defensive system.

Mollet begins intensive discussions with British leaders over diplomatic and military responses to Nasser.

Israeli aircraft under Tolkowsky carry out rescue missions during Operation Kadesh.

Bar-Lev leads the training department's post-battle study as the IDF begins extracting operational lessons from Operation Kadesh.

Simhoni dies in an aircraft crash shortly after the Sinai campaign ends.

Appointed First Secretary of the Stravropol City Komsomol Committee

Sharon's brigade captures Kuntilla while opening the overland route toward the airborne battalion.

Durnford-Slater coordinates carriers, landing craft and naval gunfire during the amphibious phase.

Commands the landing force assembled to seize Port Said and the northern canal zone

Speaks against the Suez intervention at Trafalgar Square.

Strengthens his claim to succeed Eden as the Suez crisis weakens the Prime Minister

Oakley commands B Troop in the leading wave of Buffalo amphibious vehicles approaching the Port Said beaches.

Provides legal support for the Government's position during the controversy over intervention

Defends the Government's legal position amid charges that the intervention violates the United Nations Charter

Supports a maritime conference in London to seek international arrangements for operation of the Suez Canal.

Hosts delegations seeking an international system for canal management after nationalization

Opens diplomatic efforts at the London Conference after the canal nationalization

Menzies leads Australia's delegation to the London conference considering the future operation of the canal.

Oswald scored 212 with the M1 rifle on December 21, 1956, qualifying as a Marine sharpshooter.

Ends his March 1956 prime ministerial term

Oswald enlisted in the United States Marine Corps on October 24, 1956, six days after his seventeenth birthday.

Marine aptitude testing found Lee above average in reading and vocabulary but below average in arithmetic and pattern analysis.

Oswald reported to the Marine Corps Recruit Depot in San Diego on October 26, 1956, for basic training.

Tankus directs naval supply support for the 9th Brigade operating along the difficult southern Sinai axis.

The last Mau Mau leader, Dedan Kimath is captured by Kikuyu Tribal Police in Nyeri with 13 remaining guerrillas, and is subsequently hanged in early 1957, having been sentenced to death by a court presided over by the British Chief Consul

Meets Ben-Gurion to discuss the invasion of Egypt in order to overthrow Nasser

Meets British and American representatives after the canal nationalization to discuss an international response.

Meets the French Prime Minister to discuss the invasion of Egypt to oust Nasser

Mollet accepts the halt to French military operations despite dissatisfaction with the early ceasefire.

Commands Egypt's armed forces as the Israeli invasion of Sinai begins.

Eden asks military chiefs to examine options for restoring Western control of the canal.

Authorises military planning with France for intervention against Egypt

Eitan leads the paratroop battalion dropped near the eastern approaches to Mitla Pass.

Tolkowsky's air force carries the 890th Battalion to the Mitla area for the opening airborne assault.

Commands the paratroop force dropped near Mitla Pass at the opening of Operation Kadesh.

Eitan's paratroopers fight Egyptian forces around the Mitla approaches.

Sharon orders forces into Mitla Pass, where intense fighting develops with Egyptian troops.

Egyptian forces mobilise as the Israeli invasion of Sinai begins.

The Allies agree Israel should invade & Britain & France would intervene & instruct the Israeli & Egyptian armies to withdraw 10 miles either side of the canal

Gur's battalion secures El-Tor after its airborne landing in southern Sinai.

Karamanlis wins a parliamentary majority leading the National Radical Union.

Nasser nationalises the Suez Canal Company and links its revenues to financing national development.

Nasser announces the nationalization of the Suez Canal Company, which operated the vital trade route to the east, in which British banks & business held a 44% stake

Nationalizes the Suez Canal Company and transfers its assets and operations to the Egyptian state.

Announces the nationalization of the Suez Canal Company in a speech at Alexandria.

Issues the decree nationalizing the Suez Canal Company.

Advises against continuing the operation as diplomatic and political costs increase

Coordinates naval support and carrier forces for the Anglo-French operation

Durnford-Slater shifts naval forces from assault support to ceasefire and withdrawal duties.

Durnford-Slater curtails offensive naval support after the political decision to halt operations.

Tankus's navy supports the 9th Brigade as it advances through southern Sinai.

Yoffe leads the 9th Brigade on a rapid southward advance through difficult Sinai terrain.

Faces a no-confidence debate in the Commons after the military and financial crisis

Survives parliamentary attacks after the Suez ceasefire

Leads parliamentary attacks on Eden's Government during the no-confidence debate

the first nuclear power generated in Britain is produced in Calder Hall

Opens Calder Hall nuclear power station

Keightley stabilises the limited Anglo-French occupation area while withdrawal terms are negotiated.

Simhoni coordinates Southern Command formations as Israeli ground forces enter Sinai on several axes.

Directs Operation Kadesh, the Israeli invasion of Sinai.

Ben-Gurion gives final political approval for the Sinai offensive.

Commands French naval forces participating in Operation Musketeer.

Commands air forces assigned to Operation Musketeer

Serves as senior French commander with the Anglo-French landing forces in Egypt.

Helps prepare French military participation in Operation Musketeer against Egypt.

Commands naval forces assigned to Operation Musketeer

British and French aircraft bomb Egyptian airfields as Operation Musketeer begins

The UK & France bomb Egypt to force the reopening of the canal with Operation Musketeer, Egypt blocks the canal with scuttled ships in the canal & closes it until 1957

Authorises the bombing phase of Operation Musketeer against Egyptian targets

Commands Operation Musketeer, the Anglo-French military operation against Egypt

Orders resistance to the Anglo-French assault and blocks the canal during Operation Musketeer.

Prepares to execute the revised Anglo-French operation centred on Port Said

Tolkowsky commands the Israeli Air Force as it intercepts an Egyptian aircraft carrying senior military officers on the eve of Kadesh.

Attacks the Government in Parliament over the invasion of Egypt

Criticises the intervention and strengthens Liberal opposition to Eden's policy

Warns Eden that the invasion should be stopped before troops land in the canal zone

Wilson finds strong support in Birmingham for Labour's opposition to the Suez intervention.

Butler issues final orders for 16th Independent Parachute Brigade's assault on Port Said.

Butler's airborne troops link with units arriving by sea as the Allied position around Port Said expands.

British paratroops land at El Gamil Airfield as the ground phase of the operation begins

Crook moves 3 Para from El Gamil toward Port Said after the airfield has been secured.

Carries petitions to the seat of government with other leaders.

Rifai participates in peace negotiations connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

Promotes peaceful coexistence with capitalist states as an official theme of Soviet foreign policy.

Launches the People-to-People initiative to encourage citizen-level international exchanges.

Travels to Warsaw during the Polish October crisis and accepts Wladyslaw Gomulka's return to power.

Mountbatten renews warnings about the political and strategic risks of continuing the operation.

Opposes the Anglo-French-Israeli use of force and supports a diplomatic settlement through the United Nations.

Nasser emerges politically strengthened in Egypt after the invading powers accept a ceasefire.

Fossey-Francois leads his paratroopers in securing their assigned Port Fuad objectives after landing.

Massu is present as French 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment forces land and occupy Port Fuad.

Beaufre's French forces secure positions in and around Port Fuad during the final day of fighting.

Butler directs paratroopers pushing deeper into Port Said before the ceasefire takes effect.

Commands ground forces as amphibious landings reinforce the airborne troops at Port Said

Stockwell consolidates Anglo-French beachheads after the amphibious landings.

Nasser praises military and civilian resistance at Port Said as international pressure forces a ceasefire.

Commands Anglo-French ground forces landing at Port Said

Durnford-Slater directs naval gunfire supporting the assault on Port Said.

Stockwell adapts land-force planning after the principal landing objective is changed from Alexandria to Port Said.

Nasser calls on Egyptian forces and civilians to resist the Anglo-French assault on Port Said.

Hammarskjold oversees the transition as Anglo-French forces leave and UNEF assumes temporary control.

Completes withdrawal of British and French forces from Port Said

Osorio leaves office after completing his presidential term

Siles Zuazo begins his first full constitutional presidency.

Appointed President of Brazil

Appointed President of Ecuador

Appointed President of Ecuador

Becomes President of Egypt after winning a national referendum.

Appointed President of Finland

Iskander Mirza assumes office as Pakistan's first President.

Appointed President of Panama

Appointed President of the Republic of Korea, 3rd term

Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.

Jose Maria Lemus becomes President of El Salvador

Wins the presidential referendum held alongside approval of the new constitution.

Wins the referendum establishing him as President under the new constitution.

Establishes the President's Council on Youth Fitness to promote physical fitness among American young people.

Criticises the moral and political consequences of the Suez intervention in British public debate

Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.

Returns as prime minister and seeks reconciliation with the Pathet Lao

Appointed Prime Minister of Japan

Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy becomes Prime Minister.

Habib Bourguiba became prime minister after independence and formed a national government.

Ba Swe becomes Prime Minister after U Nu resigns

Ends his first post-abdication prime ministerial term

Signs the secret Protocol of Sevres setting out the coordinated Israeli, British, and French plan against Egypt.

Attends the Sevres talks as a senior French military planner in the Anglo-French-Israeli operation.

Signs the secret Protocol of Sevres for Britain with Israeli and French representatives

Participates in secret Sevres discussions before Patrick Dean signs the final protocol for Britain

Takes part in the secret Sevres negotiations with Britain and Israel over joint action against Egypt.

Signs the secret Protocol of Sevres with Israeli and British representatives.

Kerensky develops his views through provisional government after 1917.

Explains his resignation as opposition grows to Britain's use of force

Simhoni's Southern Command forces capture the Quseima strongpoint as the central advance develops.

Barnett directs the RAF bomber offensive launched from Malta and Cyprus against Egyptian military airfields.

Laskov commands the divisional drive along the Rafah, El-Arish and El-Qantara axis.

Yoffe's brigade captures Ras an-Naqb while advancing toward the Gulf of Aqaba.

Hungary rebels against Russian rule

Hungary rebels against Russian rule

The west does not intervene due to the Suez crisis at the same time. Soviet tanks supporting Kadar return to Budapest & shell insurgents. Soviet tanks shell Budapest, 200,000 escape to the west which is preoccupied with Suez

The west does not intervene due to the Suez crisis at the same time. Soviet tanks shell Budapest, 200,000 escape to the west which is preoccupied with Suez

Rakosi is encouraged to resign by Russia but this appeasement provokes Hungarians

With the help of Soviet troops suppresses the revolt

Receives the Republican presidential nomination for a second term.

Resigns from the Foreign Office in protest over the Suez intervention

Resigns as Prime Minister

Calls for resistance as British and French forces begin landings near Port Said.

Returns to Moscow as a Secretary of the Communist Party Central Committee.

Death of Eduardo A. Lonardi Doucet

Stockwell's land plan combines Royal Marine commandos with Centurion tanks during the seaborne assault on Port Said.

Moulton prepares Royal Marine commandos for the amphibious phase of the assault.

Commands Royal Marine Commando forces during the seaborne and helicopter-supported landing

Ben-Ari's 7th Armoured Brigade captures Ruafa Dam during its westward advance.

Israel captures Gaza and the Gaza Strip during the Sinai Campaign.

Israel captures Gaza and the Gaza Strip during the Suez crisis.

Israeli forces capture Sharm el-Sheikh, opening access to the Straits of Tiran.

Israel captures much of Sinai during the Suez crisis.

Marks the departure of the final British troops from the Suez Canal base.

Places the Suez Canal Company under Egyptian state ownership by presidential decree.

Nasser's government expands the sinking of vessels and obstructions to block canal navigation.

Returns briefly as Prime Minister during Sangkum rule

Fossey-Francois commands the second 2e RPC group dropped on Port Fuad during the afternoon airborne assault.

Lloyd joins renewed talks on the canal and the proposed users association.

Dulles presses for the users association while trying to restrain British and French moves toward force.

Wins reelection to a second term as President of the United States.

Begins the Second Presidential Term as President of Iceland.

Announces that he will seek a second presidential term.

Dean signs the written Sevres protocol setting the sequence for Israeli attack and Anglo-French intervention.

Pineau signs the Sevres protocol on behalf of France.

Ben-Gurion signs the Sevres protocol committing Israel to begin the Sinai operation.

Delivers the secret speech denouncing Stalin's cult of personality, purges and abuses of power.

Submits the Suez dispute to the United Nations Security Council

Takes the Suez dispute to the United Nations Security Council after diplomatic proposals fail

Begins a further short term as Prime Minister

Ends his September to October prime ministerial term

Ben-Ari leads the 7th Armoured Brigade into Sinai to reinforce the main Israeli advance.

Ben-Ari brings the 7th Armoured Brigade into the battle earlier than the original General Staff timetable.

Eden approves implementation of the secret arrangement reached with France and Israel.

Secretly agrees with France and Israel on the sequence leading to intervention in Egypt

Ben-Gurion authorises senior Israeli participation in secret talks with Britain and France at Sevres.

Dayan presents Israel's proposed military timetable and Sinai objectives during the secret Sevres discussions.

Travels to secret talks with French and Israeli representatives at Sevres

Returns from Sevres with the British copy of the secret protocol

Lloyd reports the developing secret agreement with France and Israel to Eden.

Yoffe's forces capture Sharm el-Sheikh, ending Egyptian control of the Straits of Tiran approaches.

Dayan orders the final attack on Egyptian positions guarding Sharm el-Sheikh.

The 3rd Battalion of the Parachute Regiment drops at El Gamil Airfield, establishing a secure base for incoming support aircraft & reinforcement

Israeli forces move into Gaza as part of the Sinai Campaign during the Suez crisis.

Regroups survivors in the Sierra Maestra.

Tolkowsky's air force conducts reconnaissance missions supporting Israeli commanders during the rapid Sinai advance.

Dayan presses Israeli columns westward as Egyptian resistance weakens in several sectors.

Coordinates Israeli armour and paratroop columns as they advance across Sinai.

Dayan reports that principal military objectives in Sinai have been reached.

Amer orders a general withdrawal from Sinai to preserve Egyptian forces from encirclement.

Tolkowsky's air force expands close support for Israeli ground formations advancing across Sinai.

Dayan orders final mobilisation and deployment for Operation Kadesh.

Ben-Gurion's government begins consolidating control over captured positions in Sinai and Gaza.

Ben-Gurion reports major Israeli gains as forces advance across Sinai.

Accepts the Security Council's six principles for a negotiated canal settlement

Nasser's government enters negotiations framed by six principles adopted through Security Council diplomacy.

Lloyd accepts six Security Council principles as a basis for negotiations on canal operation.

Oswald wrote to the Socialist Party of America on October 3, 1956, describing himself as a Marxist and requesting information about its youth league.

Tankus coordinates naval support along the coast as Israeli forces move through southern Sinai.

Simhoni directs Israeli Southern Command during the opening of Operation Kadesh.

Yoffe secures the southern route leading toward Sharm el-Sheikh.

Stockwell directs forces beyond the captured beachhead toward objectives farther south along the canal.

Frames nationalization of the Suez Canal Company as an act restoring Egyptian sovereignty over a foreign-controlled asset.

Carries out the technical takeover of Suez Canal Company offices for the Egyptian state.

Rejects Nasser's nationalization as a threat to international control and British interests in the canal.

Aligns with Britain against Nasser's control of the canal after nationalization.

Approves the Soviet military intervention that crushes the Hungarian Revolution.

Eisenhower's administration assesses Soviet threats while pressing urgently for a ceasefire.

Khrushchev reinforces Soviet political backing for Egypt as pressure mounts on the invading powers.

The Spaak report is accepted at the Venice Conference where the decision is taken to organise an InterGovernmental Conference. The InterGovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom focused on economic unity, leading to the Treaties of Rome being signed in 1957 which established the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) among the members

Presents the Spaak Report recommending a common market and atomic energy community.

Supports using the Spaak Report as the basis for treaty negotiations.

Supports further negotiations after ministers approve the Spaak Report at Venice.

Pineau represented France as negotiations moved from the Spaak Report toward treaties for a common market and atomic-energy community.

Siles Zuazo adopts a stabilisation plan to control inflation after the revolution

Makes a speech denouncing Stalin as a military incompetent, a liar & mass murderer

A Conference on the IAEA Statute was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA, which was negotiated in 1955-1956 by a group of twelve countries

The United States links support for sterling to British acceptance of a United Nations solution

Eden confronts severe pressure on sterling as American financial support is withheld during the Suez Crisis.

Uses American financial leverage as Britain faces a sterling crisis during the Suez intervention.

Warns Cabinet of the worsening sterling crisis and the financial consequences of American pressure

Seeks American financial support as sterling comes under severe pressure

Eisenhower withholds American financial support while Britain continues military operations.

Ben-Gurion hails the capture of Sharm el-Sheikh as restoring Israeli access through the Straits of Tiran.

Israel invades the Gaza Strip & the Sinai Peninsula & make rapid progress towards the Suez Canal Zone

Submits the Suez dispute to the United Nations Security Council

Israel accepts the Anglo-French ultimatum to withdraw 10 miles from Suez. Egypt turns down the Anglo-French ultimatum for a cease-fire

The UK & France bomb Egypt to force the reopening of the canal with Operation Musketeer, Egypt blocks the canal with scuttled ships in the canal & closes it until 1957. British & French planes bomb Egyptian airfields

The United Nations adopts a Canadian resolution to send a United Nations force, Britain & France abstain. Makes a TV broadcast to the nation appealing for national unity

Paratroops land to recover the canal Eden says is vital if Britain is not to starve

The 3rd Battalion of the Parachute Regiment drops at El Gamil Airfield, establishing a secure base for incoming support aircraft & reinforcement

Eden announces in the Commons United Nations forces will be used & military operations cease. Cease-fire commences after the Russian threat of rockets. Britain says she will evacuate her troops from Suez on the arrival of the United Nations forces

No confidence debate in the Commons

The United Nations forces arrive in Suez

The US will support Britain if it accepts the United Nations solution, the pound collapses. The Allies agree Israel should invade & Britain & France would intervene & instruct the Israeli & Egyptian armies to withdraw 10 miles either side of the canal

Makes a speech in the Commons denying all knowledge of the invasion of Suez

The last Anglo-French forces leave Port Said

The United Nations fleet begins clearing the canal of scuttled ships

The west does not intervene due to the Suez crisis at the same time. Soviet tanks shell Budapest, 200,000 escape to the west which is preoccupied with Suez

The west does not intervene due to the Suez crisis at the same time. Soviet tanks shell Budapest, 200,000 escape to the west which is preoccupied with Suez

Sent to Washington to gain support for a collapsing £

Treats Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal as a threat to French strategic and colonial interests.

Announces the nationalization of the Suez Canal Company, a joint British-French enterprise that operated the canal.

Boycotts the London conference on international control of the Suez Canal.

Egyptian forces mobilise during the Suez-Sinai Campaign as Israel begins its advance across Sinai.

Britain and France bomb Egypt after Nasser rejects their ultimatum; Egyptian forces block the canal by sinking ships.

Leads the Egyptian technical takeover of the Suez Canal Company after Nasser's nationalization order.

Nasser announces nationalisation after Western financing for the High Dam is withdrawn.

Promotes the Suez Canal Users Association as an alternative to immediate military action over the canal dispute.

Backs plans for a users association to challenge Egyptian control of canal operations

Britain, France and Israel secretly agree the sequence of Israeli invasion, ultimatum and Anglo-French intervention

Opposes the British and French intervention in Egypt.

Goes on television and denounces Eden's conduct of the Suez crisis, calling for his resignation

Acts as Government Chief Whip during the parliamentary crisis caused by the Suez intervention

Proposes a United Nations peacekeeping force during the Suez crisis.

Helps manage Conservative parliamentary business during the Suez crisis period.

Sends forceful warnings to Britain and France during the Suez Crisis and demands an end to their military intervention in Egypt.

Nasser links national control of canal revenues with financing the High Dam.

Moulton restricts supporting fire to known Egyptian defences and positions actively engaging the assault.

Wallach directs the 10th Brigade in an unsuccessful assault against Egyptian positions at Umm Qatef.

Massu commands the 10th Parachute Division elements committed to the French side of Operation Musketeer.

Directs Der Hauptmann von Kopenick.

Wallach commits the 37th Brigade against Umm Qatef, where Egyptian defences stop the attack.

Bulganin sends threatening messages to Britain, France and Israel demanding an end to the attack on Egypt.

Crook briefs 3 Para before its airborne assault on El Gamil airfield.

Lloyd opens consultations with French and American representatives on a coordinated response to nationalisation.

Addresses a large anti-war demonstration against Suez.

Faces mass protest in London against the invasion of Egypt.

Supports Labour opposition as anti-Suez demonstrations intensify.

Addresses opposition to the Suez intervention.

Condemns the Suez intervention at a mass rally.

Executed for treason

Is arrested with other anti-apartheid activists for treason.

Joins the mass prosecution that becomes the Treason Trial.

Bech accepts the Spaak Report at Venice as the framework for the next phase of negotiations.

Benvenuti represents Italy among the six heads of delegation opening the Common Market and Euratom conference.

Heads the Italian delegation when the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom opens in Brussels.

Benvenuti leads Italian negotiating work as the conference drafts detailed provisions for the common market and Euratom.

Beyen attends the Venice Conference as the Six agree to use the Spaak Report for formal treaty negotiations.

Faure joins Pineau at Venice as France supports opening formal negotiations on the common market and Euratom.

Faure takes charge of France's negotiating team at the Brussels launch of the Common Market and Euratom conference.

Faure leads the French negotiating delegation as disagreements over agriculture, overseas territories and safeguards are worked through.

Hallstein publicly endorses the European integration strategy emerging from the Spaak Report in an address in Bonn.

Hallstein represents the Federal Republic at Venice when the Six approve the Spaak Report as a negotiating basis.

Linthorst Homan heads the Dutch delegation when the Intergovernmental Conference formally begins in Brussels.

Linthorst Homan leads Dutch negotiating work during the detailed Val Duchesse discussions.

Ophüls heads the Federal German delegation when negotiations on the Common Market and Euratom formally open in Brussels.

Ophüls directs German negotiating work at Val Duchesse as the treaty articles are developed in detail.

Pineau chairs the Venice Conference as the Six accept the Spaak Report as the basis for drafting new treaties.

Schaus reports to Bech on amendments Luxembourg wishes to make to the newly published Spaak Report.

Schaus takes Luxembourg's place among the six delegation heads at the formal Brussels opening.

Snoy contributes to the Belgian delegation's work behind the Spaak Report on the common market and Euratom.

At the Brussels opening, Snoy takes Belgium's seat among the six national heads of delegation.

Snoy leads Belgian participation as detailed treaty negotiations continue at Val Duchesse near Brussels.

Spaak joins the Venice Conference, where the Six accept the Spaak Report as the basis for treaty negotiations.

Von Brentano coordinates Federal German foreign policy as ministers review unresolved questions from the Brussels negotiations.

Simhoni employs the 12th Brigade in support of the Israeli operation that captures the Gaza Strip.

Opens the Twentieth Party Congress and presents a report emphasizing peaceful coexistence and economic competition.

Laskov's divisional forces include the 27th Armoured Brigade as Israeli armour advances toward the canal.

Issues an ultimatum with France demanding that Israel and Egypt withdraw from the canal zone

Israel accepts the Anglo-French ultimatum while Egypt rejects the demand for withdrawal from the canal zone

Rejects the Anglo-French ultimatum demanding withdrawal from the canal zone.

Wallach's forces encounter strong Egyptian resistance and attacks against Umm Qatef are halted.

Faces growing United Nations opposition as emergency sessions condemn the invasion

Burns supervises UNEF elements entering Port Said and taking positions between opposing forces.

Proposes a United Nations Emergency Force to separate the opposing forces in the Suez crisis.

Burns is selected to command the newly created United Nations Emergency Force.

Burns begins deploying UNEF contingents into Egypt to supervise the ceasefire and withdrawals.

Hammarskjold's emergency force begins moving into Port Said as withdrawal arrangements advance.

Hammarskjold submits guiding principles governing the organisation and deployment of UNEF.

Hammarskjold prepares the organisational plan for the first United Nations Emergency Force.

Nasser accepts deployment of UNEF on Egyptian territory under arrangements preserving Egyptian sovereignty.

Presents opposition to extending pass laws to African women.

Mobilizes opposition to compulsory passes for African women.

Begins a state visit to Britain with Premier Nikolai Bulganin for talks on East-West relations.

Backs the creation of an international emergency force as a way to separate the combatants.

Japan is admitted into the United Nations

Defends Britain's ultimatum during international debate over the crisis

Brings the crisis before the United Nations after the Israeli invasion of Sinai.

Defends Israel's position during United Nations debate over the Sinai Campaign.

Defends French policy during United Nations debate over the Suez intervention.

The United Nations adopts a Canadian-backed resolution to create an emergency force while Britain and France abstain

United Nations forces begin arriving in the Suez area to replace Anglo-French troops

Backs Luxembourg's role in the talks that prepare the Treaties of Rome.

Represents French European interests during negotiations leading to the Treaties of Rome.

Helps manage German negotiating positions on the common market before the Treaties of Rome.

Supports Dutch participation in the final common market negotiations.

Represents Belgium during detailed negotiations on the common market and Euratom.

Barnett's air command commits Valiant bombers to operational attacks during their only use in combat.

Represents Italy as the Six approve the Spaak Report as the basis for treaty negotiations.

Pineau took part in ministerial talks that advanced negotiations for the European Economic Community and Euratom.

Heads the Italian government as Venice launches the intergovernmental work that produces the Rome Treaties.

Announces candidacy for 2nd term as Vice President

Renominated for a 2nd term as Vice President

Re-elected for a 2nd term as Vice President

Visits Brazil for its Presidential inauguration

Khrushchev pays a visit to Elizabeth II

Khrushchev pays a visit to Elizabeth II

Makes a state visit to Iraq

Makes a state visit to Nigeria

Makes a state visit to Sweden

Crossland joins an assault on an Egyptian-held warehouse during 40 Commando's fighting in Port Said.

Crossland holds his position alone after casualties during the warehouse fight and continues engaging Egyptian defenders.

Macmillan discusses Suez policy and economic consequences with American officials during his Washington visit.

Chateau-Jobert establishes a command post at the water-treatment works while directing the airborne attack.

Ben-Gurion accepts the secret plan giving Israel military objectives along Sinai and the Gulf of Aqaba.

Faces American and United Nations pressure to withdraw Israeli forces from captured Egyptian territory.

The last Anglo-French forces leave Port Said after international pressure forces withdrawal

Continues pressure for British, French, and Israeli withdrawal after the ceasefire.

Oversees Britain's diplomatic retreat as Anglo-French withdrawal from Egypt is arranged

Egyptian forces retreat westward under heavy Israeli pressure in Sinai.

Handles negotiations over withdrawal and replacement by United Nations forces

Eisenhower's administration withdraws its offer to support financing of the Aswan High Dam.

Dulles informs Egypt that the United States will not proceed with the financing offer.

Nasser's government loses the proposed American and British financing package for the High Dam.

Helps lead the national women's march against pass laws.

Joins the four principal leaders of the women's march.

Helps lead thousands of women to the Union Buildings.

Helps lead the women's march to the Union Buildings.

Birth of Bjorn Borg

Eduardo Rodriguez Veltze is born in Cochabamba.

Birth of Johnny Rotten, as John Joseph Lydon

Birth of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

Birth of Peter Mark Sinclair Almond

Birth of Sue Barker

Death of Bela Lugosi

Death of Bernard William Griffin, Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster

Death of B R Ambedkar

Dies after illness linked to radiation exposure.

Death of Leo Baeck

Death of Mir Dzhafar Abassovich Bagirov, executed

Fights Egyptian forces around Mitla Pass during the Sinai Campaign.