President of Austria
Appointed President of Austria
Historical events in 1957
543 historical records
January 195736 historical events
Middle East Security Message to Congress
Asks Congress for authority to provide economic and military assistance to Middle Eastern states threatened by communist aggression.
Government
Issues a statement to protect Middle East countries from Communism. Chief architect of the Eisenhower Doctrine
Visit to Moscow
Zhou Enlai visits Moscow
Zhou Enlai Moscow Talks
Meets Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai during talks on Communist bloc relations.
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer
Government
Informs Butler that MacMillan has been selected to succeed Eden
Resignation of Robert Anthony Eden
Eden informs Heath that he intends to resign on his doctors advice
Under Secretary
Appointed Under Secretary for Education
Resignation of Robert Anthony Eden
Eden informs Elizabeth II he is resigning
Resignation of Robert Anthony Eden
Eden informs Elizabeth II that he is resigning
Resignation of Robert Anthony Eden
Eden resigns as Prime Minister
Resignation of Robert Anthony Eden
Resigns as Prime Minister and is succeeded by Harold Macmillan
Resignation of Robert Anthony Eden
Publicly announces Edens resignation
Macmillan Government
Continues as Chief Whip after Harold Macmillan becomes Prime Minister.
Government
Summoned by Elizabeth II to succeed Eden
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 1st term
Government
Sends for MacMillan to succeed Eden
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Appoints MacMillan as Prime Minister
Prime Minister
Becomes Prime Minister after Anthony Eden resigns.
Birth of Bryan Robson
Birth of Bryan Robson
Neutrality Declared
Declares Cambodia neutral amid the Cold War and Indochina conflict
Home Secretary of Great Britain
Appointed Home Secretary
Government
Forms a Government
Retirement from Commons
Leaves the House of Commons after his resignation as Prime Minister
Death of Humphrey Bogart
Death of Humphrey Bogart
Battle of La Plata
Guevara participates in the Rebel Army's successful attack on the La Plata army outpost.
Battle of La Plata
Wins an early guerrilla victory against an army outpost.
Camp Pendleton Infantry Training
Lee reported to Camp Pendleton for further infantry training with A Company, First Battalion, Second Infantry Training Regiment.
Second Presidential Inauguration
Takes the public oath of office for his second presidential term.
Ambush at Arroyo del Infierno
Guevara participates as the rebels ambush government troops at Arroyo del Infierno.
Death of Jose Linhares
Death of Jose Linhares
Visit to Hungary
Visits Hungary and argues that relations among socialist states should respect principles of sovereign equality.
Visit to Poland
Visits Poland and discusses relations among socialist states after the political crises of 1956.
Visit to Soviet Union
Visits the Soviet Union during efforts to manage tensions within the socialist bloc.
Quantum Gravity
Discusses singularities and the need for quantum gravity beyond classical general relativity.
February 195731 historical events
Mayor of Amsterdam
Takes office as Mayor of Amsterdam.
Parliamentary Reform
I participates in parliamentary reform connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Birth of Ali Campbell
Birth of Ali Campbell, later lead singer of UB40.
Herbert Matthews Interview
Fidel Castro meets New York Times correspondent Herbert Matthews in the Sierra Maestra, helping demonstrate publicly that the rebel leader is alive and active.
New York Times Interview
Publishes interviews showing Castro is alive and active.
New York Times Interview
Uses press coverage to strengthen rebel legitimacy.
Treaty of Rome
Pineau joins the foreign ministers' meeting that prepares settlement of the remaining questions before the final Paris conference.
Treaty of Rome
Martino attends the foreign ministers' preparatory meeting before the final Paris conference of the Six.
Treaty of Rome
Spaak represents Belgium at the Paris conference that resolves the final political obstacles before signature in Rome.
Treaty of Rome
Van Acker joins the final Paris conference of heads of government and foreign ministers to settle outstanding treaty questions.
Treaty of Rome
Mollet convenes the final conference of the Six to resolve outstanding issues and permit rapid signature of the treaties.
Treaty of Rome
Faure takes part in the Paris conference dealing with overseas territories, Algeria, the common external tariff and Euratom questions.
Death of Maurice-Francois Garin
Death of Maurice-Francois Garin
Treaty of Rome
Adenauer joins the Paris conference that settles final disputes over the common market, overseas territories and Euratom.
Treaty of Rome
Von Brentano accompanies Adenauer at the final Paris conference of the Six before the Rome signing.
Armament
Makes a speech in Parliament calling for global disarmament & a summit
Treaty of Rome
Badini Confalonieri accompanies the Italian delegation at the Paris conference addressing the final unresolved treaty issues.
Treaty of Rome
Martino joins the Paris conference that settles the remaining political questions before the treaties are signed.
Treaty of Rome
Segni joins the other heads of government in Paris to settle the treaty package at political level.
Treaty of Rome
Bech attends the final Paris conference that clears the remaining political obstacles before signature in Rome.
Treaty of Rome
Van der Beugel participates in the Dutch delegation at the final Paris conference on the Rome Treaties.
Treaty of Rome
Luns joins Drees at the Paris conference that settles the final political questions before signature.
Treaty of Rome
Drees brings Dutch government concerns to the Paris summit, where the Six close their remaining treaty disputes.
Treaty of Rome
Mollet helps conclude the Paris settlement that clears the way for the Rome Treaties to be signed the following month.
Succession
Cabinet grants Philip the title, Prince of the United Kingdom, Churchills suggestion
Prime Minister of Japan
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, 1st term
Birth of Timothy Leonard Spall
Birth of Timothy Leonard Spall
Treaty of Rome
Hallstein helps complete the Federal German negotiating position as the Rome Treaties move toward final drafting.
Visit to To Portugal
Pays a state visit to Portugal. Makes a state visit to Portugal
Resignation of Tanzan Ishibashi
Resigns due to ill health
Health of Tanzan Ishibashi
Resigns due to ill health
March 195778 historical events
Premiership Ends
Ba Swe leaves office as U Nu returns to the premiership
Prime Minister Returns
U Nu resumes office for a second premiership
Eisenhower Doctrine
The Eisenhower Doctrine is supported by a Congressional resolution
Treaty of Rome
Snoy briefs Belgian officials on the Common Market, Euratom and overseas-association arrangements shortly before signature.
13th of March Movement
Survivors included Dr. Humberto Castello (later Inspector General in the Escambray), and Rolando Cubela and Faure Chomon (later Commandantes of the 13 of March Movement, centred in the Escambray Mountains of Las Villas Province)
Revolutionary Directorate
Survivors included Dr. Humberto Castello (later Inspector General in the Escambray), and Rolando Cubela and Faure Chomon (later Commandantes of the 13 of March Movement, centred in the Escambray Mountains of Las Villas Province)
Revolutionary Directorate
The Revolutionary Directorate attacks Batista's palace and radio station.
13th of March Movement
Survivors included Dr. Humberto Castello (later Inspector General in the Escambray), and Rolando Cubela and Faure Chomon (later Commandantes of the 13 of March Movement, centred in the Escambray Mountains of Las Villas Province)
Revolutionary Directorate
Survivors included Dr. Humberto Castello (later Inspector General in the Escambray), and Rolando Cubela and Faure Chomon (later Commandantes of the 13 of March Movement, centred in the Escambray Mountains of Las Villas Province)
13th of March Movement
The Revolutionary Directorate attacks Batista's palace and radio station.
Death of Jose Antonio Echeverria
The Revolutionary Directorate attacks Batista's palace and radio station.
Revolutionary Directorate
The Revolutionary Directorate attacks Batista's palace and radio station.
Revolutionary Directorate
Survivors included Dr. Humberto Castello (later Inspector General in the Escambray), and Rolando Cubela and Faure Chomon (later Commandantes of the 13 of March Movement, centred in the Escambray Mountains of Las Villas Province)
Presidential Palace Attack
Survives the Revolutionary Directorate assault on the palace.
Presidential Palace Attack
Leads the Revolutionary Directorate attack and is killed.
Presidency Ends
Ba U leaves the presidency
President Takes Office
Win Maung becomes President of the Union of Burma
Jacksonville Aviation Training
Oswald reported to the Naval Air Technical Training Center at Jacksonville on March 18, 1957, for aviation fundamentals instruction.
Third Taoiseach Term
Returns to office for his final term as Taoiseach.
Bermuda Conference with Macmillan
Begins a conference with British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan that helps restore close Anglo-American cooperation after Suez.
Royal Society Election Certificate
The Royal Society elected Hoyle for major contributions to stellar structure, accretion, nucleosynthesis, and cosmology.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for Belgium alongside Paul-Henri Spaak.
Euratom Treaty
Signs the Euratom Treaty for Belgium at the Rome ceremony.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for Belgium after chairing the committee that prepared the common-market proposals.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for Belgium after leading earlier work on the common market through the Spaak Committee.
Treaty of Rome
Heads the Belgian government as Belgium signs the Treaty of Rome.
Treaty of Rome
Heads the Belgian government when Belgium signs the Treaty of Rome.
Treaty of Rome
Snoy is appointed to chair the Interim Committee created to prepare the new Community institutions before the treaties enter into force.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for Belgium alongside Paul-Henri Spaak as head of the Belgian delegation.
Treaty of Rome Signature
Pineau signed the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community on behalf of France.
Euratom Treaty Signature
Faure signed the Euratom treaty for France alongside the treaty establishing the European Economic Community.
Euratom Treaty
Signs the Euratom Treaty for France at the same Rome ceremony.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for France during Guy Mollet's government.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome on behalf of France during Guy Mollet's government.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for France alongside Christian Pineau.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for France alongside Foreign Minister Christian Pineau.
Treaty of Rome Signature
Signs the Treaty of Rome for the Federal Republic of Germany and commits Germany to the new European Economic Community.
Treaty of Rome Signature
Signs the Treaty of Rome alongside Adenauer after helping shape Germany's negotiating position on European integration.
Euratom Treaty
Signs the Euratom Treaty for West Germany at the Rome ceremony.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for West Germany and supports deeper integration with France and the Benelux states.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for the Federal Republic of Germany and supports deeper European economic integration.
Treaty of Rome
Supports West German signature of the Treaty of Rome while Hallstein handles much of the negotiating work.
Treaty of Rome
Supports the Federal German government's decision to sign the Treaty of Rome while Hallstein remains central to the negotiations.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for the Federal Republic of Germany alongside Chancellor Konrad Adenauer.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for West Germany and helps guide the treaty through German political debate.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community alongside Prime Minister Antonio Segni.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community for Italy.
Euratom Treaty
Signs the Euratom Treaty for Italy at the Rome ceremony.
Treaty of Rome
Martino addresses the signing ceremony and links the treaties to Italy's longer commitment to European integration.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for Italy alongside Prime Minister Antonio Segni.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome on behalf of Italy.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for Italy with Foreign Minister Gaetano Martino.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for Italy alongside Foreign Minister Gaetano Martino.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for Luxembourg alongside Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Joseph Bech.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for Luxembourg alongside Joseph Bech.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for Luxembourg and supports creation of the common market.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for Luxembourg and supports the creation of the common market.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for the Netherlands alongside Joseph Luns.
Euratom Treaty
Signs the Euratom Treaty for the Netherlands at the Rome ceremony.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for the Netherlands as one of the six founding states.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for the Netherlands, not Luxembourg, as one of the six founding states.
Treaty of Rome
Signs the Treaty of Rome for the Netherlands alongside Foreign Minister Joseph Luns.
Treaty of Rome
Heads the Dutch government when the Netherlands signs the Treaty of Rome.
Sovereignty
Reopens the Suez Canal under Egyptian administration after wrecks from the invasion are cleared.
Reopening of Suez Canal
Restores international navigation after wrecks from the Suez conflict are cleared.
Common Market Policy
Presents the common market as a practical route to wider European integration.
Common Market Policy
Accepts the creation of a common market after negotiation over agriculture and overseas territories.
European Economic Community
Supports French participation in the new European Economic Community created by the Treaty of Rome.
Treaty of Rome Background
Earlier Schuman Plan work provides political background to the later Treaty of Rome.
Common Market Policy
Supports the common market while stressing competition and the social market economy.
Common Market Policy
Supports German participation in the common market while guarding the social market economy.
Meeting with President Eisenhower at Bermuda & reaffirms the
Meets President Eisenhower at Bermuda & reaffirms the freedom of the Suez Canal
Suez Canal
Meets President Eisenhower at Bermuda & reaffirms the freedom of the Suez Canal
Second General Election
Polling for the second Lok Sabha returns Congress to power and gives Jawaharlal Nehru another parliamentary mandate.
Common Market Policy
Supports Italian entry into the common market as part of postwar economic modernization.
Common Market Policy
Supports the common market as a means of anchoring Luxembourg in European institutions.
Common Market Policy
Backs Dutch participation in the common market and customs union framework.
Government
The Doctrine is approved by Congress & signed by Eisenhower
April 19577 historical events
Battle of Santiago
Deploys security forces during violent protests against transport fare increases and rising living costs.
Prime Minister of Iran
Appointed Prime Minister of Iran
Prime Minister Appointed
Becomes Prime Minister for another short Sangkum government
1st Manned Satellite
Becomes the 1st man to travel in an Earth satellite, in Sputnik I
Reappointment Under Ibrahim Hashem
Al-Rifai was named deputy prime minister and foreign minister in Ibrahim Hashemโs fifth government. The appointment returned him to cabinet leadership during a period of political instability in Jordan.
Suez Canal Reopens under Egyptian Control
The canal reopens after clearance operations, with Egypt retaining control of the waterway.
Visit to Paris
Pays a state visit to France
May 195724 historical events
Promotion to Private First Class
The Marine Corps promoted Lee to private first class effective May 1, 1957, while he was completing aviation training.
Treaty of Rome
Adenauer's government begins the parliamentary ratification process after the Bundesrat starts examining the treaty legislation.
Confidential Security Clearance
Oswald received final clearance to the confidential level on May 3, 1957, after local record checks disclosed no derogatory information.
Jacksonville Aviation Course Completion
Lee completed Aviation Fundamental School in Jacksonville, ranking 46th among 54 students after six weeks of specialized instruction.
FA Cup Captaincy
Dixon lifts the FA Cup after captaining Villa against the Busby Babes.
Two Goals in FA Cup Final
McParland scores both Villa goals in the 2-1 final victory over Manchester United.
Seventh FA Cup Victory
Houghton manages Villa to a seventh FA Cup by defeating Manchester United 2-1.
Diem Visit
Receives Ngo Dinh Diem during his official US visit
US Visit
Visits the United States and is presented as an anti-communist ally
Election
Forced into exile by the army after refusing to allow an election
Exile of Gustavo Rojas Gustavo
Forced into exile by the army after refusing to allow an election
Military Aid to Yugoslavia Resumed
The United States resumes military aid to Yugoslavia during Eisenhower's second term.
Head of Government Appointed
Mamadou Dia becomes head of government before full independence
Federal Vice Chancellor
Appointed Federal Vice Chancellor
President of Austria
Appointed President of Austria
Quarrymen
1st public performance of the Quarrymen skiffle group, in Rosebery St carnival
April Crisis
Kerensky records his position on april crisis in exile.
Government Ends
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
Prime Minister
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Battle of El Uvero
Guevara participates prominently in the rebel attack on the El Uvero army post, one of the guerrillas' important early offensive actions.
Battle of El Uvero
Guevara fights in the attack on the fortified El Uvero garrison, a major early Rebel Army victory.
Second European Cup Final Opener
Scores from the penalty spot as Real Madrid defeat Fiorentina 2-0 in the European Cup final.
Sarti Plays European Cup Final Against Madrid
Giuliano Sarti keeps goal against Real Madrid as Fiorentina contest the 1957 European Cup final at the Santiago Bernabรฉu.
Second European Cup Final Goal
Scores Real Madrid's second goal in the European Cup final victory over Fiorentina.
June 195713 historical events
Premium Bonds
The first Premium Bond prize draw encourages household saving through tax-free prizes.
Marriage
Howard Hughes marries Jean Peters
Pegasus Memorial Museum
Pegasus Bridge now resides in the grounds of the Pegasus Memorial Museum, the museum is inaugurated by HRH The Prince of Wales and lies at the Eastern end of the current bridge
Keesler Course Graduation
Lee completed the Keesler radar course on June 17, 1957, ranking seventh in a class of thirty Marines.
Anti-Party Group Presidium Challenge
Faces an attempt by senior Presidium rivals to remove him from the party leadership.
Dismissal
The Party Presidium votes to dismiss, but only the Central Committee can do this
Prime Minister of Canada
Forms a Progressive Conservative government.
German Title Defence
Helps Dortmund retain the national championship with a 4-1 final victory against Hamburger SV, confirming the side as a leading German team.
Cutty Sark Opens
Opens Cutty Sark as a preserved historic ship.
Aviation Electronics Operator MOS
The Marine Corps assigned Lee the military occupational specialty of Aviation Electronics Operator on June 25, 1957.
Birth of Georgi Parvanov
Birth of Georgi Parvanov
Central Committee Defeats Anti-Party Group
Wins Central Committee backing against Molotov, Malenkov, Kaganovich and their allies.
Kishi Washington Visit
Receives Japanese Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi as the two governments discuss security relations and withdrawal of American ground forces.
July 195730 historical events
International Geophysical Year Opens
The International Geophysical Year begins, supporting multinational scientific research and the American satellite effort.
Dismissal
Defeats the "Anti-Party Group" & becomes the undisputed leader of the Soviet Union
Beatles, The
John Lennon meets Paul McCartney at the Woolton Parish Church in Liverpool during a performance by John's group the Quarrymen, impressed by Pauls ability to tune a guitar and by his knowledge of song lyrics, John asks him to join.
Quarrymen
John Lennon meets Paul McCartney at the Woolton Parish Church in Liverpool during a performance by John's group the Quarrymen, impressed by Pauls ability to tune a guitar and by his knowledge of song lyrics, John asks him to join.
Beatles, The
John Lennon meets Paul McCartney at the Woolton Parish Church in Liverpool during a performance by John's group the Quarrymen, impressed by Pauls ability to tune a guitar and by his knowledge of song lyrics, John asks him to join.
Quarrymen
John Lennon meets Paul McCartney at the Woolton Parish Church in Liverpool during a performance by John's group the Quarrymen, impressed by Pauls ability to tune a guitar and by his knowledge of song lyrics, John asks him to join.
Quarrymen
Performs with the Quarrymen at Woolton, where he meets Paul McCartney.
Quarrymen
Meets John Lennon at Woolton and is invited to join the Quarrymen.
Brazil Senior Debut
Makes his senior Brazil debut against Argentina at sixteen.
First International Goal
Scores Brazil's goal during his first international appearance.
Prime Minister Term Ends
Ends his 1957 term as Prime Minister
Treaty of Rome
Pineau supports the government campaign as the National Assembly approves ratification of the Rome Treaties.
Sierra Maestra Manifesto
Castro and allied opposition figures issue the Sierra Maestra Manifesto calling for a broad political front against Batista and support for the rebel struggle.
Manifesto of the Sierra Maestra
Signs the manifesto with Castro and Raul Chibas.
Manifesto of the Sierra Maestra
Signs the manifesto calling for Batista's removal.
Manifesto of the Sierra Maestra
Issues a political manifesto with opposition allies.
Birth of Julian Keith Levene
Birth of Julian Keith Levene in Wood Green, London
Promotion to Commander
Fidel Castro promotes Guevara to commander and places him in charge of a newly organized rebel column in the Sierra Maestra.
Promotion to Commander
Fidel Castro promotes Guevara to commander and places him in charge of the newly established Column 4.
Abolition of Monarchy
The Constituent Assembly abolished the monarchy and proclaimed the Republic of Tunisia.
Death of Carlos Castillo Armas
Death of Carlos Castillo Armas
Secretary of State for the Presidency
Bahi Ladgham began serving as secretary of state for the presidency.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957
Statute of IAEA
The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957
Statute of IAEA
The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957
Death of Frank Pais
Is killed by Batista's police in Santiago.
Attack on Bueycito
Guevara's forces attack the army post at Bueycito during the expansion of rebel operations in Oriente.
French Ratification of Rome Treaties
Faure supported French parliamentary approval of the Treaties of Rome creating the EEC and Euratom.
Treaty of Rome
Luns supports Dutch ratification as political and economic debate focuses on the implications of the new common market.
Inspected Nuclear Test Ban Proposal
The United States proposes a ban on nuclear tests once an effective international inspection system is established.
August 19577 historical events
Death of Edward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans
Death of Edward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans
Signs for Celtic
Signs for Celtic as a seventeen-year-old after being identified as a major defensive prospect.
R-7 Intercontinental Missile Test
The Soviet Union successfully tests the R-7 intercontinental ballistic missile during his leadership.
First Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
The achievement marks first intercontinental ballistic missile as an important Russian scientific milestone.
R-7 Successful Flight
Directs the first successful full-range flight of the R-7 rocket.
Departure for Japan
Oswald departed from San Diego on August 22, 1957, en route to Yokosuka, Japan, for overseas duty.
USS Bexar Voyage to Japan
Lee departed San Diego aboard the USS Bexar on August 22, 1957, traveling with Marine replacements bound for Japan.
September 19579 historical events
Gwadar Agreement
Noon's government completes negotiations for Pakistan to acquire Gwadar from Oman.
Civil Rights Act of 1957 Signed
Signs the Civil Rights Act of 1957, the first federal civil-rights law enacted since Reconstruction.
Yokosuka Arrival
The USS Bexar reached Yokosuka on September 12, after which Lee joined Marine Air Control Squadron 1 at Atsugi.
Faubus Little Rock Conference
Meets Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus for two hours over the Little Rock school integration crisis.
Ambush at Pino del Agua
Guevara's column ambushes government forces at Pino del Agua in the Sierra Maestra.
The Devil Strikes at Night
Directs Nachts, wenn der Teufel kam.
Birth of Kevin Michael Rudd
Birth of Kevin Michael Rudd
Executive Order 10730 Little Rock
Federalizes the Arkansas National Guard and directs federal forces to enforce school desegregation in Little Rock.
MACS-1 Radar Assignment
After arriving in Japan, Oswald was assigned to Marine Air Control Squadron 1 at Atsugi as a radar operator.
October 195725 historical events
Neutron EDM Result Published
Publishes the early neutron EDM limit obtained from magnetic-resonance measurements.
Neutron EDM Result Published
Publishes the neutron electric-dipole-moment limit measured with Purcell and Ramsey.
Neutron EDM Result Published
Publishes the first-generation experimental limit on the neutron electric dipole moment.
First IAEA General Conference
Leads the new Agency during its first General Conference, held in Vienna from 1 to 23 October.
Nuclear Power
Makes a speech at the United Nations proposing a nuclear free zone in central Europe
Brighton Conference
Rejects unilateral nuclear disarmament at Labour conference.
Naked Conference Chamber
Warns against going naked into the conference chamber.
Beginning of the Space Age
The achievement marks beginning of the space age as an important Russian scientific milestone.
Sputnik 1 Launch
Directs the launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial Earth satellite.
Sputnik 1 Launch
The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, during Khruschev's leadership.
Sputnik Crisis Response
The Soviet launch of Sputnik intensifies Eisenhower administration efforts in science, missiles and space technology.
Vienna Chosen as Permanent Headquarters
The General Conference approves Vienna as the permanent headquarters of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Eighth Kuomintang National Congress
The Eighth Kuomintang National Congress retains Chiang as Director-General, reinforcing his control of the ruling party during Taiwanโs early Cold War period.
Prime Minister of Pakistan
Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar begins a brief premiership.
Death of Dedan Kimathi
The last Mau Mau leader, Dedan Kimath is captured by Kikuyu Tribal Police in Nyeri with 13 remaining guerrillas, and is subsequently hanged in early 1957, having been sentenced to death by a court presided over by the British Chief Consul
Execution
The last Mau Mau leader, Dedan Kimath is captured by Kikuyu Tribal Police in Nyeri with 13 remaining guerrillas, and is subsequently hanged in early 1957, having been sentenced to death by a court presided over by the British Chief Consul
Zhukov Removed from Defense Ministry
Removes Marshal Georgy Zhukov from the defense ministry and party Presidium after fearing his political independence.
Birth of Glenn Hoddle
Birth of Glenn Hoddle
Accidental Pistol Wound
A privately owned .22-caliber pistol discharged from Oswald's locker on October 27, 1957, wounding him in the left elbow.
El Cubano Libre Publication
Guevara helps establish and edit the rebel newspaper El Cubano Libre at the El Hombrito base.
El Hombrito Supply Base
Guevara establishes a permanent rebel base at El Hombrito to support operations in the Sierra Maestra.
Declaration of Common Purpose with the USA
Signs a "Declaration of Common Purpose" with the USA
Visit to Virginia
Pays a state visit to the United States for the 350th anniversary of Virginia
Sputnik
Sputnik is launched
Sputnik Programme Oversight
Holds senior party responsibility for defense industries during the period of the first Sputnik launch.
November 195714 historical events
First Animal in Orbit
The achievement marks first animal in orbit as an important Russian scientific milestone.
Sputnik 2 Launch
Directs the launch of Sputnik 2 carrying the dog Laika.
Sputnik 2 and Laika
Sputnik 2 carries the dog Laika into orbit, demonstrating another Soviet space milestone.
Coalition Minister
Enters the coalition government under Souvanna Phouma
First Coalition Government
Forms a coalition including Pathet Lao ministers
Philippine Maneuvers Deployment
Five days after leaving the hospital, Lee's squadron embarked for military maneuvers in the Philippine Islands.
Treaty of Rome
Italy becomes the first signatory state to deposit its instrument of ratification with the Italian government.
Treaty of Rome
Zoli heads the Italian government when Italy deposits its instrument of ratification for the Rome Treaties.
Treaty of Rome
France deposits its instrument of ratification with the Italian government, moving the treaties toward entry into force.
Prime Minister of Turkey
Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 5th term
Presidential Mild Stroke
Suffers a mild stroke but recovers and continues his presidential duties.
Prime Minister
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Government Ends
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
Debut
Makes his international debut in a victory against France, scoring twice in a 4-0 victory, goes on to win 20 caps
December 195714 historical events
Coup
Of the 82 who sailed aboard the Granma, only 15 eventually regrouped in the Sierra Maestra mountain range
Granma
Of the 82 who sailed aboard the Granma, only 15 eventually regrouped in the Sierra Maestra mountain range
Shippingport Atomic Power Station
Shippingport begins commercial nuclear electricity generation.
Nationalization
The government begins taking over Dutch enterprises amid the dispute over West New Guinea
Treaty of Rome
Luns remains foreign minister when Dutch ratification legislation for the Rome Treaties is published.
Treaty of Rome
The Federal Republic deposits its instrument of ratification with Italy after completing the constitutional approval process.
Nobel Peace Prize
Receives the Nobel Peace Prize for Suez peacekeeping diplomacy.
Nobel Prize in Literature
Camus receives the Nobel Prize in Literature for illuminating problems of the human conscience.
Treaty of Rome
The Dutch ratification instrument is deposited in Rome, completing the Netherlands' final step before entry into force.
Treaty of Rome
The Netherlands deposits its instrument of ratification with Italy while Drees remains prime minister.
National Plebiscite
The government held a disputed plebiscite extending Marcos Perez Jimenez's rule.
Prime Minister of Pakistan
Feroz Khan Noon becomes Prime Minister of Pakistan.
State Visit
I participates in state visit connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Austria Headquarters Agreement
Signs the headquarters agreement establishing the legal arrangements for the IAEA in Austria.
European Footballer of the Year
European Footballer of the Year
1957 South American Championship Top Scorer
Scores nine goals as Argentina win the South American Championship and finishes as the tournament's joint leading scorer.
1957 South American Championship Champion
Stars in the youthful Carasucias attack as Argentina win the South American Championship in Peru.
The Poverty of Historicism
Publication of "The Poverty of Historicism"
Chairman
The OVP and the FPO wrun a joint candidate for the 1957 presidential election but lose, Reinthaller is replaced as leader in 1958 by Friedrich Peter (also a former SS officer), who leads the party through the 1960s and 1970s and moves it towards the political centre
Chairman
The OVP and the FPO wrun a joint candidate for the 1957 presidential election but lose, Reinthaller is replaced as leader in 1958 by Friedrich Peter (also a former SS officer), who leads the party through the 1960s and 1970s and moves it towards the political centre
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the SPO
Mind and Matter Lectures
Develops a series of lectures examining the relationship between consciousness, observation and the physical description of nature.
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Appointed Secretary General of NATO
Secretary
Appointed Secretary General of NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Appointed Secretary General of NATO
Commander of Bolivian Air Force
Barrientos is rewarded when he is named commander of the Bolivian Air Force
Campeonato Paulista Breakthrough
Pelรฉ developed into a prolific scorer in Sรฃo Paulo state football during his first full season with Santos.
Julinho Represents Viola in European Final
Julinho gives Fiorentina width and attacking unpredictability as the side reach the European Cup final before losing to Real Madrid.
Prime Minister of Canada
Appointed Prime Minister of Canada
Hundred Flowers
Founds the Hundred Flowers Movement
Ideoligical differences begin to appear between China & Russia
Ideoligical differences begin to appear between China & Russia
Foreign Secretary of China
Appointed Foreign Minister
Prime Minister of China
Appointed Prime Minister of China, 2nd term
Coup
Armed irregulars known as escopeteros harass the Batista forces in the foothills and plains of Oriente Province
Escopeteros
Armed irregulars known as escopeteros harass the Batista forces in the foothills and plains of Oriente Province
Siege of Oriente Province
Armed irregulars known as escopeteros harass the Batista forces in the foothills and plains of Oriente Province
Repression
Intensifies repression against urban and rural opposition.
US Arms Embargo
The United States restricts arms supplies to Batista's government.
Sierra Maestra Support
Organises support networks for Castro's guerrillas.
Urban Underground
Builds urban support for the 26th of July Movement.
Urban Resistance
Supports underground revolutionary organisation in Oriente.
Na K ATPase Discovery
Identifies the first ion-transporting enzyme powered by ATP.
Sodium-Potassium Pump
Discovers an enzyme transporting sodium and potassium across cell membranes.
Atoms for Peace Award
Receives the first Atoms for Peace Award for pioneering atomic science and sustained advocacy of international cooperation in the nuclear age.
Post-Suez High Dam Planning
Nasser continues High Dam planning after Egypt emerges from the Suez conflict.
Royal Gold Medal for Architecture
Awarded the Royal Gold Medal for Architecture from the Royal Institute of British Architects
Euratom
The Treaties of Rome, 1957, created the Economic community and the nuclear non-proliferation Community, Euratom. Together with interGovernmental machinery of later treaties, these eventually evolved into the European Union
Euratom
The Treaties of Rome, 1957, created the Economic community and the nuclear non-proliferation Community, Euratom. Together with interGovernmental machinery of later treaties, these eventually evolved into the European Union
The Poetics of Space
Bachelard publishes The Poetics of Space, analysing the imagination of intimate places and inhabited space.
Euratom
The Treaties of Rome, 1957, created the Economic community and the nuclear non-proliferation Community, Euratom. Together with intergovernmental machinery of later treaties, these eventually evolved into the European Union
President of Euratom
Appointed President of Euratom
Prime Minister of Gabon
Appointed Prime Minister of Gabon
Professor
Appointed Professor of sociology in Hamburg (1957-60)
Die Spurlosen
Publication of Irisches Tagebuch. Publication of Die Spurlosen
Irisches Tagebuch
Publication of Irisches Tagebuch. Publication of Die Spurlosen
Und Niemand Weiss Weiter
Publication of "Und Niemand Weiss Weiter"
Bundesbank
The Bank Deutscher Lander is renamed the Bundesbank
Bundeswehr
Joins the Socialist German Student Union, participating in the protests against the rearmament of the Bundeswehr and its involvement with nuclear weapons
Socialist German Student Union
Joins the Socialist German Student Union, participating in the protests against the rearmament of the Bundeswehr and its involvement with nuclear weapons
Mayor
Appointed Mayor of West Berlin
Minister of State Security
Appointed Minister of State Security of the GDR
Invention of Engine
Builds the 1st rotary petrol engine
Blue Murder at St Trinians
Plays Miss Fritton in Blue Murder at St Trinians
The Bridge on the River Kwai
Starts in "The Bridge on the River Kwai"
A King in New York
Directs, "A King in New York"
The Curse of Frankenstein
First film for Hammer inThe Curse of Frankenstein, plays Frankensteins monster. Appears in The Curse of Frankenstein
Raintree County
Nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for Raintree County
BAFTA
Winner of a BAFTA for best actress for her part in The Story of Esther Costello
The Naked Truth
Stars in The Naked Truth alongside Terry Thomas and Peter Sellars
CBE
Appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)
Blue Murder at St Trinians
Writer & Diector of Blue Murder at St Trinians
Lucky Jim
Appears in Lucky Jim
Cold Comfort
Sellers appears in the Bestsellers Series short film Cold Comfort.
Dearth of a Salesman
Sellers appears in Dearth of a Salesman, one of the Bestsellers Series short films.
Insomnia Is Good for You
Sellers plays salesman Hector Dimwittie in the short film Insomnia Is Good for You.
The Naked Truth
Sellers plays television personality Sonny MacGregor in the comedy The Naked Truth.
The Smallest Show on Earth
Sellers plays cinema projectionist Percy Quill in The Smallest Show on Earth.
The Bridge on the River Kwai
Directs The Bridge on the River Kwai, the epic that brings him his first Academy Award for directing.
City of Spades
Publication of "City of Spades"
Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold
Publication of "Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold"
Drama
Dramatization of, "Look Back In Anger"
Socialism and the Intellectuals
Publication of "Socialism and the Intellectuals"
Justine
Publication of "Justine"
John Barry Seven
Forms his own band The John Barry Seven, with whom he had some hit records, including "Hit and Miss", the theme tune he composed for the BBCs Juke Box Jury programme
Quarrymen
John Lennon forms the Quarrymen skiffle group
Cannonball Adderley
Jones first hears Cannonball Adderley's music, which inspires his interest in jazz
NHS Whooping Cough Immunisation Government
The Conservative Party Government is in office as this NHS milestone occurs: The whooping cough immunisation programme begins.
NHS Whooping Cough Immunisation NHS Development
This NHS development occurs while Harold Macmillan serves as Prime Minister: The whooping cough immunisation programme begins.
NHS Whooping Cough Immunisation
During Harold Macmillan's government, the whooping cough immunisation programme begins.
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointed Minister of Defence
Lord President
Appointed Lord President of the Council, 3rd term
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Conservative Party
Governor
Appointed Governor of Cyprus
Labour Party
Appointed Member of Labour Party
Commonwealth
Elizabeth II announces at the Commonwealth Games Charles will become Prince of Wales
Games-Commonwealth
Elizabeth II announces at the Commonwealth Games Charles will become Prince of Wales
Succession
Elizabeth II announces at the Commonwealth Games Charles will become Prince of Wales
Commonwealth
Announces at the Commonwealth Games that Charles will become the next Prince of Wales
Succession
Announces at the Commonwealth Games that Charles will become the next Prince of Wales
Commercial Mass Culture Critique
Hoggart argued that commercial entertainment and mass advertising were reshaping established forms of local culture.
The Uses of Literacy Published
Hoggart published The Uses of Literacy, a landmark study of working class culture and mass communication.
Working Class Culture Analysis
In The Uses of Literacy, Hoggart used close observation of everyday life to analyze working class practices and values.
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
Becomes a founder member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.
Cornmarket Press Venture
Joins Clive Labovitch in the publishing venture that becomes Cornmarket Press and later develops into Haymarket.
Directory of Opportunities for Graduates
The publishing venture produces the Directory of Opportunities for Graduates, its early business publication aimed at graduate recruitment.
The Pen and the Sword
Publishes The Pen and the Sword, a study of Jonathan Swift.
Economic Policy
Argues for planned economic expansion and criticises Conservative reliance on market discipline.
Greenwich Maritime Heritage Enters New Phase
Preservation of the Cutty Sark beside Greenwich connected technical maritime history with the Observatory's navigational legacy. Its influence reached maritime practice beyond the Observatory itself.
B2FH Paper
Coauthors Synthesis of the Elements in Stars, a landmark paper on stellar nucleosynthesis.
Nucleosynthesis
Publishes the B2FH stellar nucleosynthesis paper with Burbidge, Burbidge and Fowler.
Synthesis of the Elements in Stars
Hoyle coauthored the B2FH paper identifying nuclear processes responsible for producing chemical elements in stars.
The Black Cloud
Hoyle published The Black Cloud, a science-fiction novel centred on an intelligent interstellar cloud.
Fellow of Royal Society
Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for research on nucleotides and nucleotide coenzymes, clarifying the chemistry of important biological molecules.
Electron Capture Detector
Invents the electron capture detector, which measures substances by their ability to remove low-energy electrons from a gas.
Debut
Scores on his debut for Chelsea
First Division Defensive Test
Charlton adapts his game to First Division opposition as Leeds United compete at the highest level of English league football.
Cup Winning Defence Against United
Pat Saward played for Aston Villa during the 1957 FA Cup victory, when the club overcame Manchester United at Wembley.
First English League Championship
Charlton earns his first First Division championship medal as Manchester United retain the English title under Matt Busby.
Postwar Club Leadership
Ufton continues representing Charlton Athletic as the club enters a period of transition following relegation from the First Division.
Leicester Second Division Title Contribution
Froggatt contributes to Leicester City's successful 1956-57 promotion campaign, which ends with the club winning the Second Division championship.
Chelsea Debut Goal Against Tottenham
Greaves scored on his Chelsea first-team debut against Tottenham Hotspur, announcing himself as a gifted teenage centre-forward.
British Record Juventus Departure
Leaves Leeds United for Juventus in a major transfer after establishing himself as an outstanding goalscorer and defender at Elland Road.
Seven Goal Huddersfield Comeback
Summers scores five times as Charlton Athletic recover from 5-1 down to beat Huddersfield Town 7-6 in a remarkable league match.
Villa FA Cup Midfield Support
Stan Crowther contributed to Aston Villa's FA Cup final success over Manchester United, providing energy in the side's middle ranks.
Player of the Year
Finney receives a second Football Writers Association honour after continuing to shape Preston North End attacks with exceptional technical ability and vision.
Villa Goalkeeping In Cup Final
Nigel Sims was Aston Villa's goalkeeper as they defeated Manchester United to lift the 1957 FA Cup.
Drake Gives Greaves Chelsea Debut
Drake promoted teenage striker Jimmy Greaves into Chelsea's first team, giving the future England international his opening chance in senior football.
Queenโs Park Senior Career
Ferguson begins his senior playing career with Queenโs Park in Scotland, gaining competitive experience as a young striker while continuing to develop his trade outside full-time football.
Nuclear Power
At Conference the Party follows Gaitskell & rejects Unilateral Nuclear Disarmament
Unilateral Nuclear Disarmament
Rejects unilateral nuclear disarmament at Labour Party conference.
Nuclear Power
Agrees with President Eisenhower to test the British hydrogen bomb on Christmas Island
Hellenic Olympic Committee Presidency
Crown Prince Constantine becomes president of the Hellenic Olympic Committee, beginning a long formal association with the Olympic movement.
President of Guatemala
Appointed President of Guatemala
President of Guatemala
Appointed President of Guatemala
Governor
Zakir Husain is appointed Governor of Bihar.
Secretary of State for Defence
V.K. Krishna Menon becomes India's Minister of Defence.
V-A Theory
E. C. G. Sudarshan and Robert Marshak formulate the vector-minus-axial-vector description of weak interactions.
Ba'ath Socialist Party
Appointed Member of Ba'ath Socialist Party, a growing party with 300 members
Coup
Participates in an abortive coup against the Iraqi monarchy
Prime Minister of Ireland
Appointed Prime Minister of Ireland, 3rd term
Invasion of Gaza
Under United Nations pressure Israel withdraws from Gaza
Bernardini Takes Fiorentina to European Cup Final
Fulvio Bernardini manages Fiorentina in their first European Cup final, facing Real Madrid in the Spanish capital.
The Lower Depths
Kurosawas The Lower Depths. Kurosawas Spider Web Castle
Minister of Postal Services
Appointed Minister of Postal Services & Communications
Semiconductor Electron Tunnelling
Demonstrates quantum tunnelling of electrons through a semiconductor junction, leading to the tunnel diode.
Prime Minister of Kampuchea
Appointed Prime Minister of Kampuchea, 1st term
Prime Minister of Kampuchea
Appointed Prime Minister of Kampuchea, 6th term, 1957
Minister of Education
Appointed Minister of Education in the pre-independence Government of 1960-1961
Election
Elected to the Kenyan Election Council
Kenyan Election Council
Elected to the Kenyan Election Council
Prime Minister of Malaysia
Appointed Prime Minister of Malaysia
Piedra Del Sol
Publication of "Piedra Del Sol"
Mayoral Term
Concludes service as Mayor of Amsterdam after the 1946-1957 municipal term.
Ajax Youth Football Development
Piet Keizer advances through Ajax's youth ranks and develops the balance and close control that eventually make him an outstanding left winger.
First Eredivisie Title with Ajax
Young winger Sjaak Swart belongs to the Ajax side that wins the inaugural Eredivisie, beginning a career that will span several golden European campaigns.
Ajax Youth Academy Entry
Joins the Ajax youth system as a child and begins developing the technical skills and positional awareness that later define his professional football career.
Prime Minister of New Zealand
Appointed Prime Minister of New Zealand, 1st term
President of Nicaragua
Succeeds his brother as President
Prime Minister of Nigeria
Appointed Prime Minister of Nigeria, 1st term
Succession
Succeeds as King of Norway
Imperial College
Becomes Professor of Theoretical Physics at Imperial College London, establishing a long association with the institution.
Air Force Command
Asghar Khan becomes the first Pakistani Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Air Force.
Qatar Ministry Employment Network
Mahmoud Abbas worked as director of employee affairs at Qatar's Ministry of Education, where his position enabled him to help recruit and place Palestinian teachers and employees. The work also expanded his contacts within the Palestinian community in the Gulf.
President of Philippines
Appointed President of the Philippines
First Secretary
Appointed First Secretary of the Katowice City Party
Election
Elected to the Polish Parliament
Two Goals Against Soviet Union
Cieลlik scored twice as Poland beat the Soviet Union 2-1 in a World Cup qualifier, an emotionally significant victory in front of a vast home crowd.
Holocaust
Publication of "Night", about the holocaust
Night", about the holocaust
Publication of "Night", about the holocaust
Night
Publication of "Night", about the holocaust
Dr Zhivago", banned in Russia
Publication of "Dr Zhivago", banned in Russia
Dr Zhivago
Publication of "Dr Zhivago", banned in Russia
The Naked Sun
Publication of "The Naked Sun"
Kolyma Poems in Znamya
Poems from Shalamov's Kolyma notebooks appeared in the literary journal Znamya.
Dismissal
Dismissed, placed in charge of a Kazakhstan power station
Not By Bread Alone", a frank description of the Soviet system
Publication of "Not By Bread Alone", a frank description of the Soviet system
Not By Bread Alone
Publication of "Not By Bread Alone", a frank description of the Soviet system
Ambassador
Appointed Ambassador of Mongolia
Yuzhgorstroy Foreman
Begins a sequence of supervisory construction posts with the Yuzhgorstroy trust.
Deputy Chairman
Appointed Deputy Chairman of the USSR Council of Minister's
Deputy Prime Minister
Appointed Deputy Prime Minister of Russia, 2nd term
Comecon
The Polish protests and Hungarian uprising led to major social and economic changes, including the 1957 abandonment of the 1956-1960 Soviet five-year plan, as the Comecon Governments struggled to reestablish their legitimacy and popular support
Dismissal
Dismisses those opposing transferring economic planning from Government to party
Economic Aid to Indonesia
Expands Soviet economic assistance to Indonesia as part of a broader outreach to non-aligned states.
Economy of Russia
The Polish protests and Hungarian uprising led to major social and economic changes, including the 1957 abandonment of the 1956-1960 Soviet five-year plan, as the Comecon Governments struggled to reestablish their legitimacy and popular support
Five-Year Plan Abandoned
Abandons the current five-year plan as the leadership restructures economic planning after unrest in Eastern Europe.
Reform of Economic Planning
Transfers economic planning from the Government to the party
Russia makes US $100 million worth of aid to Indonesia
Russia makes US $100 million worth of aid to Indonesia
Sovnarkhoz Economic Decentralization
Reorganizes industrial management around regional economic councils, reducing the authority of many central ministries.
Anti-Party Group
Appointed Member of Anti-Party Group against Khruschev
Politburo
Appointed Member of Politburo
CPSU Presidium Membership
Becomes a full member of the CPSU Presidium, later renamed the Politburo.
Prime Minister of Russia
Appointed Prime Minister of the RFSR
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointed Minister of Defence
Invention of ICBM
Glushko & Korolyov launch the 1st Inter Continental Ballistic Missile
Sputnik
Glushko & Korolyov launch the 1st artificial satellite into orbit
Invention of ICBM
Glushko & Korolyov launch the 1st Inter Continental Ballistic Missile
Sputnik
Glushko & Korolyov launch the 1st artificial satellite into orbit
Defense Industry Oversight
Receives responsibility for strategic missile, defense and heavy-industry matters within the party leadership.
King Saud University Established
Supports expansion of public education during the university's founding.
King Saud University Established
Establishes the kingdom's first university in Riyadh.
Birth of Osama bin Laden
Birth of Osama bin Laden
Anthem-National
"The Call of South Africa" becomes the only South African national anthem
Independence of South Africa
The Union takes over the British naval base at Simons Town
Union takes over the British naval base at Simons Town
The Union takes over the British naval base at Simons Town
Director General
Appointed Director General of Security
First Ballon dโOr for Di Stรฉfano
Alfredo Di Stรฉfano claims the 1957 Ballon dโOr after helping Real Madrid maintain its dominance of European club football, with his influence extending across attacking and midfield positions.
Election
Elected as an MP
Dopamine Neurotransmitter
Demonstrates that dopamine functions as an independent brain neurotransmitter.
Parkinson Disease Mechanism
Links dopamine depletion with movement symptoms resembling Parkinson disease.
Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis
Develops methods for accurately measuring electron energies emitted from matter.
High-Resolution Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Creates high-resolution spectroscopy for studying atomic and molecular electronic structure.
Commission
Appointed Member of Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction
Rural Reconstruction
Appointed Member of Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction
Constitution of Tunisia
Tunisia becomes a Republic
President of Tunisia
Appointed President of Tunisia, 1st term
Love in the Afternoon
Stars in, "Love in the Afternoon"
A Hatful of Rain
Directs, "A Hatful of Rain"
Man in the Shadow
Directs, "Man in the Shadow"
The Spirit of St. Louis
Stars in, "The Spirit of St. Louis"
Golden Globe
Wins a 2nd Golden Globe for World Favorite female actress
Pal Joey
Works with Sinatra again for Pal Joey
12 Angry Men
Directs "12 Angry Men"
Palme dOr
Directs, Friendly Persuasion
Academy Award
Winner of the best male actor for "The King & I"
The Delinquents Film
Robert Altman directed The Delinquents in 1957, a low-budget juvenile-delinquency drama that marked an early feature directing credit.
The James Dean Story Film
Robert Altman directed The James Dean Story in 1957, a documentary portrait exploring the life and public image of actor James Dean.
Earth Is Room Enough
Asimov published Earth Is Room Enough, a collection of science-fiction stories exploring varied social ideas.
Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter
Asimov continued his juvenile space-adventure sequence with a plot involving Jupiter's moons.
On the Road
Publication of "On the Road"
A Death In the Family", wins the Pulitzer Prize
Publication of "A Death In the Family", wins the Pulitzer Prize
A Death In the Family
Publication of "A Death In the Family", wins the Pulitzer Prize
Death Valley Days
Appears in Death Valley Days, gaining experience in western television drama.
West Point
Appears in the television series West Point before achieving wider fame in Rawhide.
Government
The Doctrine is approved by Congress & signed by Eisenhower. Meats MacMillan at Bermuda who agrees to base 60 Thor missiles on British soil. Gives assurances of military assistance in the event of Communist attack. Fills up the vacuum in the Middle East created by the British withdrawal
Pulitzer Prize
Winner of the Pullitzer Prize for "Profiles In Courage"
Cuban Revolutionary Activity
Federal records later described Fiorini as a soldier of fortune involved in Cuban revolutionary activity during the struggle against the Batista government.
Montevideo Station Work
Hunt continued CIA station work in Uruguay, applying political-action experience gained during earlier assignments in Mexico and Guatemala.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
King is an adherent of the philosophies of nonviolent civil disobedience used successfully in India by Mohandas "Mahatma" Gandhi, and applies this philosophy to the protests organized by the SCLC. King helps found Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), reated to harness the moral authority and organizing power of black churches to conduct non-violent protests in the service of civil rights reform
iForeign Relations Committee
Appointed Member of Foreign Relations Committee
Administrative Assistant
Appointed as Administrative Assistant to David S. Dennison Jr., a Congressman representing the 11th district of Ohio
A World Restored: Castlereagh, Metternich and the Restoration of Peace, 1812-1822
Publishes, "Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy". Publishes, "A World Restored: Castlereagh, Metternich and the Restoration of Peace, 1812-1822"
Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy
Publishes, "Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy". Publishes, "A World Restored: Castlereagh, Metternich and the Restoration of Peace, 1812-1822"
Metagalaxies
Publication of "Of Stars and Men", Shapley proposed the term Metagalaxies for what are now called superclusters
Of Stars and Men", Shapley proposed the term Metagalaxies
Publication of "Of Stars and Men", Shapley proposed the term Metagalaxies for what are now called superclusters
Of Stars and Men
Publication of "Of Stars and Men", Shapley proposed the term Metagalaxies for what are now called superclusters
Man In Space Soonest
Selected for the US Air Forces Man In Space Soonest program
Nucleosynthesis
Fowler helps show how many heavy elements form in stars, complementing Big Bang nucleosynthesis
Cooper Electron Pairing
Shows that electrons near a Fermi surface can form bound pairs through an attractive lattice-mediated interaction.
Gravitational Waves
Feynman gives the sticky bead argument showing gravitational waves can carry energy
BCS Electron Pair Wavefunction
Develops the many-electron wavefunction used in the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity.
Quantum Electrodynamics Recognised Through Atomic Measurements
The experimental tradition of precision spectroscopy in New York helped establish tests of modern quantum field theory. Its practical implications extended beyond the initial application.
BCS Electron Pairing Theory
With Leon Cooper and Robert Schrieffer, explains superconductivity through correlated pairs of electrons coupled to the crystal lattice.
Columbia Research
Begins postdoctoral research at Columbia University after completing his doctorate.
Doctorate
Receives his PhD from Princeton University for work applying renormalization theory to strong-interaction effects in weak processes.
Silicon Surface Passivation
Develops thermal silicon-dioxide passivation, enabling stable semiconductor surfaces for later MOS electronics.
Man In Space Soonest
Selected for the US Air Forces Man In Space Soonest program
Director General IAEA
Appointed Director General of the IAEA
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Appointed Director General of the IAEA
The New Class", critique of the emergence of Communist Party leaders
Publication of "The New Class", critique of the emergence of Communist Party leaders
The New Class
Publication of "The New Class", critique of the emergence of Communist Party leaders
The New Class", describes the party elite as a new social stratum
Publication of "The New Class", describes the party elite as a new social stratum
The New Class
Publication of "The New Class", describes the party elite as a new social stratum
Order of the British Empire Recognition
West was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire for her literary achievements.
Rehabilitation and Teaching
Solzhenitsyn was rehabilitated and worked as a teacher while writing secretly.
Hinton Continues Atomic Engineering Leadership
Hinton continues to influence British atomic engineering as the first generation of nuclear stations develops.
Cockcroft Encourages Advanced Reactor Research
British research continues into reactor design and fuel technology following the first generation of generating stations.
Plowden Develops Authority Programme
The Atomic Energy Authority continues investing in reactor research and the development of British nuclear technologies.