Ap Bac Criticism
Criticizes South Vietnamese performance after the Battle of Ap Bac
Historical events in 1963
1,760 historical records
January 196318 historical events
Battle of Balaclava
Leads the South Vietnamese 7th Division which is defeated by an inferior Vietcong force
Battle of Ap Bac
The Vietcong stand their ground against American machinery and South Vietnamese soldiers. The Vietcong 514th Battalion and local guerrilla forces ambush the South Vietnamese
Battle of Ap Bac
Commands ARVN forces during the Battle of Ap Bac
Cuba Intelligence Community Review
McCone treated the coordinated post-crisis review of intelligence performance and Cuban reconnaissance as the final Intelligence Community report for presidential advisers.
Kennedy Intelligence Commendation
President Kennedy sent McCone a letter commending the Intelligence Community for its contribution during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
British Membership Veto
De Gaulle publicly opposed Britain's first application to join the European Economic Community.
Crozier Typing Course
Oswald enrolled in a typing course at Crozier Technical High School on January 14, 1963, and began attending classes later that month.
Death of Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell
Unexpected death of Gaitskell
Election
Decemberides to stand for leadership of the Labour Party after the death of Hugh Gaitskell
Leadership Election
Decides to stand for the Labour leadership after the death of Hugh Gaitskell.
Ends Katanga Secession
Accepts the end of Katanga's secession after United Nations forces establish control over the province.
Katanga Secession
The central government restores authority over Katanga after the secession collapses.
Franco-German European Cooperation
The Elysee Treaty strengthened Franco-German consultation, reinforcing a partnership central to later Community development.
Revolver Order under Hidell
Using the name A. J. Hidell, Oswald dated an order for a Smith & Wesson .38 revolver on January 27, 1963.
Smoking and Lung Cancer Policy
Answers parliamentary questions on public information about smoking and lung cancer during his final year as Minister of Health.
EEC Enlargement Opposition
Couve de Murville defended the French government's reservations about British entry into the Community.
Rolling Stones, The
Charlie Watts officially joins the Rolling Stones
February 196320 historical events
Permanent Drummer
Becomes the Rolling Stones's permanent drummer.
Leadership Election
Wins the first leadership ballot with 115 votes against George Brown's 88 and James Callaghan's 41.
Test Ban Treaty Verification Review
McCone warned that a proposed test ban could constrain American weapons development without adequate assurance that prohibited Soviet activity would be detected.
Leadership Election
Wins the second leadership ballot against George Brown and becomes Leader of the Labour Party.
Shadow Education Portfolio
Becomes Labour's shadow spokesman for education after Harold Wilson assumes the leadership.
Parliamentary Reform
bin Abdullah participates in parliamentary reform connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Beatles, The
The Beatles "Please Please Me" tops the UK charts
Beatles, The
The Beatles "Please Please Me" tops the UK charts
Everett Glover Gathering
Oswald and Marina attended Everett Glover's gathering on February 22, 1963, where Marina met Ruth Paine.
Everett Glover Gathering
Ruth Paine met Lee and Marina Oswald at a gathering hosted by Everett Glover, where Russian-speaking guests had been invited to meet the couple.
Oswald Lawyer
Andrews informed the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) that three days earlier (on the day of the assassination of President Kennedy) he received a telephone call from a Clay Bertrand who asked him whether he would be willing to represent the suspected assassin of Kennedy, Lee Harvey Oswald
Oswald Lawyer
Andrews informed the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) that three days earlier (on the day of the assassination of President Kennedy) he received a telephone call from a Clay Bertrand who asked him whether he would be willing to represent the suspected assassin of Kennedy, Lee Harvey Oswald
Death of Rajendra Prasad
Rajendra Prasad dies in Patna after serving as India's first President.
Against Bureaucratism
Guevara publishes a critique of bureaucratic habits and administrative inefficiency in revolutionary institutions.
Khmer Rouge
Tous allies, Nuon Chea and Keo Meas, are removed from the Central Committee and replaced by Son Sen and Vorn Vet
Khmer Rouge
Tous allies, Nuon Chea and Keo Meas, are removed from the Central Committee and replaced by Son Sen and Vorn Vet
Khmer Rouge
Tous allies, Nuon Chea and Keo Meas, are removed from the Central Committee and replaced by Son Sen and Vorn Vet. Pol Pot and loyal comrades from his Paris student days control the party centre, edging out older veterans whom they considered excessively proese. At the WPKs second congress, Pol Pot is chosen to succeed Tou Samouth as the party's general secretary
Vietnam Estimate Revision
McCone rejected a pessimistic draft national estimate on South Vietnam and directed further consultation, producing a final estimate with a more optimistic assessment.
Meeting
Introduced to Marina Oswald and Lee Harvey Oswald by George De Mohrenschildt
Russian Conversation with Marina
Paine's knowledge of Russian helped her converse with Marina Oswald, and the two women developed a friendship after their February introduction.
March 196326 historical events
Neely Street Apartment
The Oswald family moved to 214 West Neely Street on March 3, 1963, carrying their belongings without hired assistance.
Birth of Jason Curtis Newsted
Birth of Jason Curtis Newsted
Prime Minister of Afghanistan
Mohammad Yusuf becomes prime minister and leads preparations for constitutional government.
Resignation of Mohammad Daoud Khan
Daoud resigns after King Zahir Shah seeks constitutional government and reduced tension with Pakistan.
Carcano Rifle Order
Using the name A. Hidell, Oswald ordered a rifle from Klein's Sporting Goods in Chicago on March 12, 1963.
Breakfast
The Americans begin bombing Communist Headquarters in Kampuchea
Please Please Me
Produces Please Please Me, the Beatles' debut album, recorded quickly after early singles success.
Formation of Sixth and Final Government
Al-Rifai became prime minister for the sixth time and simultaneously served as defense minister. His final cabinet was formed under King Hussein and lasted less than one month.
Crozier Typing Course Ends
After irregular attendance, Lee stopped attending his evening typing course at Crozier Technical High School around March 28.
Unauthorized Cuban Raid Policy
McCone recommended that the United States disassociate itself from unauthorized Cuban exile raids and take steps to prevent their continuation.
Backyard Photos
According to Mohrenschildt, the photograph was not found among his stored papers until he and his wife found it in February 1967. When analyzed by the HSCA in 1977, this photo turned out to be a first generation print of the backyard photo already known to the Warren Commission as "CE-133A" and which had probably been taken on March 31, 1963
Backyard Photos
When shown the pictures at Dallas Police headquarters after his arrest, Oswald insists they are fakes, however, Marina Oswald testifies in 1964 and 1978 that she took the photographs at Oswalds request. The "backyard photos," taken by Marina Oswald, show Oswald dressed all in black and holding two Marxist newsletters - The Militant and The Worker - in one hand, a rifle in the other
Prime Minister Office Abolished
New constitutional settlement strengthens presidential rule after the Dia crisis
Assassination of Edwin Walker
Investigated by the FBI for inciting a race riot
FBI
Investigated by the FBI for inciting a race riot
Former Landlady Interview
While trying to locate Marina Oswald, Hosty spoke with former landlady M. F. Tobias and received allegations about difficulties in the Oswald household.
Marina Detailed Interview Deferred
After locating the Oswalds, Hosty decided not to conduct a detailed interview with Marina immediately and continued the investigation through other sources.
Neely Street Residence Located
Hosty determined that Lee and Marina Oswald were living at 214 Neely Street while he was working to locate Marina for the FBI.
Oswald Case Reopened
Hosty recommended reopening the FBI security investigation of Lee Harvey Oswald, and the recommendation was accepted.
Review of Oswald Security File
Information obtained while locating Marina led Hosty to review the existing FBI security file on Lee Harvey Oswald.
Worker Subscription Identified
During his file review, Hosty learned that Oswald had become a subscriber to the Communist Party newspaper The Worker.
Backyard Photographs
Marina photographed Oswald at the Neely Street residence holding the rifle and political newspapers with the revolver strapped to his belt.
Walker Residence Photographs
During the weekend of March 9-10, Oswald photographed areas around General Edwin Walker's Dallas residence while planning an attack.
Friendship with Marina Oswald
After meeting the Oswalds, Paine became increasingly friendly with Marina and provided practical assistance during difficulties in Marina's marriage.
Assassination of Edwin Walker
Investigated by the FBI for inciting a race riot
FBI
Investigated by the FBI for inciting a race riot
April 196352 historical events
Assassination of Quinim Pholsena
Assassinated after serving as neutralist foreign minister
Assassination of Quinim Pholsena
Assassinated amid factional tension after the coalition settlement
Birmingham Campaign Organisation
Shuttlesworth coordinates local activists with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
Birmingham Campaign Begins
King helps launch coordinated demonstrations against segregation in Birmingham.
Project C
King and Southern Christian Leadership Conference organisers begin Project C in Birmingham.
Regional Diplomacy
bin Abdullah participates in regional diplomacy connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Backyard Photos
Mohrenschildt assumed that Marina had written it sarcastically.
Backyard Photos
On the back was written To my friend George from Lee Oswald, and the date -5/IV/63- (5 April 1963) along with the words -Copyright Geo de M- and a Russian phrase translated as -Hunter of fascists.
Backyard Photos
ha-ha-ha!- Handwriting specialists later concluded that the words -To my friend George-- and Oswalds signature were written by Lee Harvey Oswald, but could not determine whether the rest was the writing of Lee Oswald, Mohrenschildt.
Backyard Photos
or Marina Oswald.
Backyard Photos
Mohrenschildt assumed that Marina had written it sarcastically.
Backyard Photos
On the back was written To my friend George from Lee Oswald, and the date -5/IV/63- (5 April 1963) along with the words -Copyright Geo de M- and a Russian phrase translated as -Hunter of fascists.
Backyard Photos
ha-ha-ha!- Handwriting specialists later concluded that the words -To my friend George-- and Oswalds signature were written by Lee Harvey Oswald, but could not determine whether the rest was the writing of Lee Oswald, Mohrenschildt.
Backyard Photos
or Marina Oswald.
Polaris Sales Agreement
The Polaris Sales Agreement is signed to implement the Nassau understanding between Britain and the United States
Polaris Sales Agreement
The United States signs the Polaris Sales Agreement with Britain to supply Polaris missile systems
Jaggars Employment Termination
Jaggars-Chiles-Stovall dismissed Lee for inadequate work and difficulty getting along with fellow employees.
Constitution of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is proclaimed. The new Yugoslavian constitution declares Tito President for life
Birth of Julian Lennon
John Charles Julian Lennon is born to John and Cynthia Lennon at Sefton General Hospital in Liverpool.
Birth of Julian Lennon
John Charles Julian Lennon is born to John and Cynthia Lennon at Sefton General Hospital in Liverpool.
Assassination of Edwin Walker
Victim of an assassination attempt in his Dallas home, later claimed that Lee Harvey Oswald was the assassin
Oswald Shooting at Edwin Walker
According to Marina's testimony and the Warren Commission, Oswald fired a rifle at General Edwin Walker on April 10, 1963, but missed.
Walker Assassination Attempt
Marina Oswald later claims that Oswald attempted to assassinate General Edwin Walker
From Me to You
Produces From Me to You, helping secure the Beatles' rise in the British singles market.
Walker Assassination Attempt
Claims to have seen 2 cars & 2 men involved in the shooting of Major General Walker
Arrest during Birmingham Campaign
Police arrest King for participating in nonviolent demonstrations without a permit.
Purcell Reconnaissance Panel
CIA initiated the Purcell Panel to advise McCone on the future course of the National Reconnaissance Program and advanced technical collection.
Dallas Unemployment Claim Denied
Texas employment officials denied Lee's unemployment claim because he lacked sufficient wage credits.
Research and Development Review Board
CIA established a Research and Development Review Board to coordinate scientific and technical programs across Agency components during McCone's reorganization.
Letter from Birmingham Jail
King completes his defence of nonviolent direct action while imprisoned in Birmingham.
Letter from Birmingham Jail
Writes Letter from Birmingham Jail, defending nonviolent civil disobedience against unjust laws.
Ipswich Town
Leaves Ipswich Town after eight seasons having guided them from the 3rd Division South to the very top of English football
Final Premiership Ends
Al-Rifai’s sixth government ended, bringing his final tenure as prime minister to a close. He had headed six cabinets spanning the period from the Emirate of Transjordan to the independent Hashemite Kingdom.
Fair Play for Cuba Contact
The FBI's New York office was advised that Oswald had contacted the Fair Play for Cuba Committee and claimed to have distributed its literature in Dallas.
Prime Minister of Canada
Forms a Liberal minority government.
Demonstrations
Soldiers are called out & 11 people are killed, with more than a hundred wounded. Palestinians want a Jordanian Republic on both sides of the Jordan
Departure for New Orleans
Lee left Dallas by bus for New Orleans after failing to secure new employment in the Dallas area.
Lillian Murret Temporary Residence
After reaching New Orleans, Lee stayed temporarily with his aunt Lillian Murret while searching for work.
Ruth Paines Garage
Lee Harvey Oswald rents a room in Dallas but stores some of his possessions in Ruth Paines garage
Louisiana Employment Registration
Oswald registered with the Louisiana Department of Labor on April 26, 1963, seeking work in photography, shipping, or darkroom occupations.
Federal System Abolished
Constitutional amendments replace the federal provinces with a unitary administrative system.
Bristol Bus Boycott
Stephenson helps launch the boycott against bus company discrimination.
Management
Becomes manager and helps shape the Rolling Stones's rebellious public image.
Bristol Bus Boycott
Bailey is refused a bus crew interview, prompting boycott action.
Debut
Makes England debut against Scotland
Assassination of Edwin Walker
An attempt is made on the life of Major General Edwin Walker by Oswald
Backyard Photos
Discovers a photo of Oswald holding his guns prior to the Walker shooting
Hunter of Fascists
Inscribed with "Hunter of fascists", discoverred at the end of the Warren Commission
Father Grave Visit
During his return to New Orleans, Lee visited the cemetery where his father was buried and searched for surviving paternal relatives.
Stay with Murret Family
Oswald stayed with Charles and Lillian Murret while seeking work after returning to New Orleans, demonstrating continuing close contact with his underworld-associated uncle.
Marina Stay in Irving
Paine invited Marina Oswald and her daughter to stay at her Irving home while Lee Oswald went to New Orleans seeking employment.
Support for Marina Oswald
Marina and her child lived with Paine for a little over two weeks while Oswald sought work in New Orleans.
May 196347 historical events
Police Repression
Connor orders police dogs and high-pressure hoses used against young demonstrators.
JFK offers Israel assistance against aggression
JFK offers Israel assistance against aggression
Reily Coffee Company Application
Lee applied to William B. Reily Company and listed two apparently fictitious references, Robert Hidell and J. Evans.
Reily Coffee Company Employment
Lee began work at the Reily coffee company at 640 Magazine Street, earning $1.50 per hour.
Drive to New Orleans
Paine drove Marina Oswald and her daughter from Texas toward New Orleans after Lee Oswald reported that he had found work there.
Oswald Residence
Marina joins Oswald at 4905 Magazine Street
European Cup Winners Cup Final Brace
Greaves scored twice as Tottenham thrashed Atlético Madrid 5-1 to become the first British club to win a major UEFA competition.
European Cup Winners Cup
Puts Spurs in the history books when they became the first British club to win a major European trophy, Spurs defeat favourites Atl‚tico Madrid 5-1 to win the European Cup Winners Cup
White Scores Against Atlético Madrid
White scored Tottenham's other goal in the 5-1 European Cup Winners' Cup final victory, with Greaves and Terry Dyson each contributing two.
Dyson Two Goals in European Final
Dyson scored twice as Tottenham beat Atlético Madrid 5-1 in the 1963 Cup Winners' Cup final alongside Greaves, who also scored two.
Faith 7 Mercury
Cooper launches aboard Faith 7 on the final crewed mission of Project Mercury.
Treaty of Franco-German
The Bundestag ratifies the Franco-German Treaty
Faith 7 Manual Reentry
Cooper manually controls key reentry steps after electrical and automatic-control problems develop late in the Faith 7 mission.
Project Mercury Final Flight
Faith 7 splashes down successfully, closing the crewed flight phase of Project Mercury after more than thirty-four hours in space.
Vienna Civil Liability Convention Adopted
The Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage is adopted under IAEA auspices.
League Cup Final First-Leg Double
Leek scored twice against Aston Villa in the first leg of the League Cup final, giving Birmingham City a decisive cushion before the goalless return.
League Cup Final Third Goal
Bloomfield found the net in the first leg against Aston Villa, contributing Birmingham’s third goal to a 3–1 home victory in the League Cup final.
Organisation of African Unity Charter Signed
Nkrumah joins other African leaders in signing the charter that establishes the Organisation of African Unity in Addis Ababa.
Herd Two Goals in United Cup Final
Herd scored twice against Leicester City in the 1963 FA Cup final as Manchester United won 3-1 with Law also on the scoresheet.
FA Cup Final Goal Against Leicester
Law scored Manchester United's first goal in the 3-1 FA Cup final victory over Leicester City at Wembley.
Leicester Reaches Another FA Cup Final
Gillies manages Leicester City in the 1963 FA Cup final, when the Foxes finish runners-up following a 3-1 defeat to Manchester United.
Captains League Cup Winners
Smith captained Birmingham City through both legs of the 1963 League Cup final, organising a defence that protected the first-leg advantage at Villa Park.
Midfield Shield in League Cup Decider
Beard played in Birmingham City’s half-back line at Villa Park, where disciplined defending completed the 3–1 aggregate triumph.
Birmingham Derby Cup Final Defence
Lynn played at full-back for Birmingham City during the second leg of the League Cup final, helping withstand Aston Villa’s attempts to reverse the deficit.
League Cup Decider Clean Sheet
Schofield kept goal as Birmingham City held Aston Villa to a goalless second leg, securing the club’s first League Cup title.
First Major Trophy as Birmingham Manager
Merrick guided Birmingham City to their first major domestic trophy, a 3–1 aggregate League Cup final win against local rivals Aston Villa.
First Robben Island Transfer
Is transferred from Pretoria to Robben Island.
Robben Island Imprisonment Begins
Begins his first period of imprisonment on the island.
A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall
Releases A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall on Freewheelin.
Don't Think Twice It's All Right
Releases Don't Think Twice It's All Right on Freewheelin.
The Freewheelin Bob Dylan
Releases The Freewheelin Bob Dylan and becomes known as a songwriter.
The Freewheelin Bob Dylan
Releases The Freewheelin Bob Dylan.
Welsh Defender in Cup-Winning Eleven
Hennessey formed part of Birmingham City’s defensive unit in the second League Cup final leg, when a clean sheet confirmed the aggregate triumph.
FPCC Charter Response
The Fair Play for Cuba Committee replied that a New Orleans chapter would need more participants before a formal charter could be issued.
Bristol Bus Boycott
Henry supports the campaign against colour bar employment practices.
Bristol Bus Boycott
Hackett helps organize community resistance during the bus boycott.
Election
KANU wins 83 seats out of 124
Legislation
The only person in Parliament to vote against the General Law Amendment Act
Arrest of Robert Sobukwe
Due for release but redetained without charge & sent to Robben Island. Banished to Robben Island where he remains for 6 yrs
Nationalization
The Baathist government increases state control over banks and major economic sectors
Fair Play for Cuba Membership
Oswald applied for membership in the Fair Play for Cuba Committee after obtaining literature from the organization's national office.
New Orleans FPCC Charter Request
Oswald wrote the Fair Play for Cuba Committee requesting authority to create a New Orleans chapter and offered to rent a small office at his own expense.
New Orleans Travel Expenses
Paine paid the travel and related expenses when she transported Marina Oswald and her child to rejoin Lee Oswald in New Orleans.
New Orleans Visit
Paine stayed with the Oswald family during part of her May trip to New Orleans before returning to Texas.
Fair Play for Cuba Committee Membership
Oswald joins the Fair Play for Cuba Committee and begins presenting himself publicly as a supporter of Fidel Castro's government.
Proposed New Orleans FPCC Branch
Oswald writes to Fair Play for Cuba Committee headquarters proposing a New Orleans branch, although investigators later find no evidence of other genuine branch members.
Birmingham Truce Negotiations
King supports negotiations that produce commitments to desegregate Birmingham businesses.
June 196341 historical events
Constitution of Kenya
Kenyatta is appointed Prime Minister of the autonomous Kenyan Government, and is known as mzee (a Swahili word meaning old man or elder)
Prime Minister of Kenya
Kenyatta is appointed Prime Minister of the autonomous Kenyan Government, and is known as mzee (a Swahili word meaning old man or elder)
Constitution of South Africa
South Africa becomes a dictatorial police state under the General Law Amendment Act
Legislation
Those arrested can be held for 90 days without any rights. The General Law Amendment Act waives the right of habeas corpus. South Africa becomes a dictatorial police state under the General Law Amendment Act
Umkhonto
Enacts legislation to "break the back" of Umkhonto
Crisis
Resigns before being exposed for lying to the Prime Minister in the House of Commons
Resignation of John Profumo
Resigns before being exposed for lying to the Prime Minister in the House of Commons
Resignation of John Profumo
Profumo resigns from the Government
Scandal
Profumo resigns from the Government
Arrest of Ruhollah Khomeini
State of siege proclaimed in Iran, Ayatollah Khomeini arrested. Khomeini is arrested in 1963 after declaring the Shah a "wretched miserable man" who had "embarked on the destruction of Islam in Iran"
Demonstrations
Three days of major riots throughout Iran follow, with Khomeini supporters claiming 15,000 dead from police fire
State of Emergency
State of siege proclaimed in Iran, Ayatollah Khomeini arrested
White Revolution
Three days of major riots throughout Iran follow, with Khomeini supporters claiming 15,000 dead from police fire. Khomeini is arrested in 1963 after declaring the Shah a "wretched miserable man" who had "embarked on the destruction of Islam in Iran"
Come On
Oversees the release of the Rolling Stones's debut single Come On.
Learns of US bombing of Communists in Kampuchea
Learns of US bombing of Communists in Kampuchea but allows their Embassy to reopen
Equal Pay Act
The Act prohibits specified sex-based wage differentials for substantially equal work.
Civil Rights Address
Responds to Birmingham events by urging federal civil rights legislation.
Self-Immolation Crisis
His self-immolation intensifies US concern over the Diem government
Self-Immolation
Self-immolates in protest against the Diem government's treatment of Buddhists
Buddhist Crisis
Faces international outrage after Buddhist protests and repression
Return to Pretoria Prison
Is returned from Robben Island to Pretoria Local Prison.
Rivonia Case Preparation
Remains incarcerated as the Rivonia prosecution develops.
Science Directorate Leadership Transition
Herbert Scoville left the research directorate, prompting McCone to reorganize CIA's science and technology structure and seek new leadership.
Resignation of David Ben-Gurion
Israeli premier David Ben-Gurion resigns
June Cuba Raid Allegation
Later HSCA records noted an allegation that Marcos Diaz Lanz invited Sturgis to take part in a proposed June 1963 raid against Cuba; investigators treated it as an allegation.
1st Woman in Space
1st woman in space
Valentina Tereshkova Spaceflight
Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space during the Soviet Vostok programme.
First Woman in Space
The achievement marks first woman in space as an important Russian scientific milestone.
Vostok 6
Pilots Vostok 6 and becomes the first woman to travel in space.
Dumaine Street Leafleting
Oswald distributed Hands Off Cuba literature near the USS Wasp at the Dumaine Street wharf, one of his earliest documented public FPCC activities in New Orleans.
Moscow-Washington Hotline Agreement
The Soviet Union and United States agree to establish a direct communications link between their governments.
Prime Minister of Israel
Levi Eshkol forms an Israeli Government. Appointed Prime Minister of Israel
Passport Application
Oswald applied for a new United States passport while planning foreign travel that eventually developed into his September journey toward Mexico City and a hoped-for visit to Cuba.
Passport Approved
The State Department routinely approved Oswald's passport application; the Warren Commission later found no evidence that special intervention accelerated its issuance.
Speech
Kennedy visits West Berlin "Ich bin ein Berliner" (I am a Berliner)
Visit to Berlin
Kennedy visits West Berlin "Ich bin ein Berliner" (I am a Berliner)
Final Pre-Bundesliga Championship
Coaches Borussia Dortmund to a 3-1 victory over Cologne in the German championship final, giving the club its third national title before the Bundesliga era.
Return to Central Committee Secretariat
Returns from the ceremonial head-of-state post to active work in the Central Committee Secretariat.
Jada Recruitment
Ruby traveled to New Orleans in June 1963 and recruited the stripper known as Jada to become a featured performer at the Carousel Club.
Fair Play for Cuba Printing
Using the name Lee Osborne, Oswald ordered Fair Play for Cuba Committee leaflets, applications, and membership cards for a proposed New Orleans chapter.
Hands Off Cuba Printing
Using the name Lee Osborne, Oswald ordered handbills, applications, and membership cards for the New Orleans Fair Play for Cuba Committee chapter he was attempting to create.
July 196314 historical events
Binary Gravitational Radiation
Peters and Jon Mathews calculate gravitational radiation from two masses in Keplerian orbits, including the rate, angular distribution and polarization of the emitted energy.
East Berlin Limited Test Ban Offer
Publicly offers a treaty banning nuclear tests in the atmosphere, outer space and underwater.
Official Visit to Algeria
Guevara begins an official visit to newly independent Algeria under President Ahmed Ben Bella.
Assumption of Senate Presidency
Al-Rifai began a term as president of the Jordanian Senate following his last premiership. The position placed him at the head of the upper chamber of Jordan’s legislature.
President of Ecuador
Appointed military junta exercising presidential authority in Ecuador
Harriman Test Ban Talks
Meets American negotiator Averell Harriman and accepts negotiations focused on a three-environment nuclear test ban.
Victory-Liston
Sonny Liston knocks out Floyd Patterson in the first round for a 2nd time in 1 year
Victory-Liston
Sonny Liston knocks out Floyd Patterson in the first round for a 2nd time in 1 year
Limited Test Ban Treaty Initialled
Soviet, American and British negotiators initial the Limited Test Ban Treaty after intensive Moscow talks.
Newport Folk Festival
Performs at Newport Folk Festival during his folk breakthrough.
KCP
Pol Pot and most of the central committee left Phnom Penh to establish an insurgent base in Ratanakiri Province
Khmer Rouge
Pol Pot and most of the central committee leave Phnom Penh to establish an insurgent base in Ratanakiri Province in the northeast
Trial
Mandela is sentenced to life imprisonment
Summer Correspondence with Marina
Paine and Marina Oswald corresponded while the Oswalds lived in New Orleans, discussing Marina's family circumstances and marital difficulties.
August 196378 historical events
Fair Play for Cuba Committee (FPCC)
On August 5 and 6, according to Carlos Bringuier, Oswald visited him at a store he owned in New Orleans, Bringuier was the New Orleans delegate for the anti-Castro Cuban Student Directorate. Bringuier told the Warren Commission that he believed Oswalds visits were an attempt by Oswald to infiltrate his anti-Castro group
Oswald Approaches DRE
Bringuier reports that Oswald offers to help the anti-Castro DRE train guerrillas, an approach the HSCA later considers possibly intended to infiltrate the organization.
Limited Test Ban Treaty Signed
Hosts the signing of the Limited Test Ban Treaty by the Soviet Union, United States and United Kingdom.
Limited Test Ban Treaty Signed
The United States, Soviet Union and Great Britain sign the Limited Test Ban Treaty.
Cuban Student Directorate
On August 5 and 6, according to Carlos Bringuier, Oswald visited him at a store he owned in New Orleans, Bringuier was the New Orleans delegate for the anti-Castro Cuban Student Directorate
Oswald Anti-Castro Offer
Bringuier later testified that Oswald entered his store offering to train or assist Cubans fighting Fidel Castro.
Fair Play for Cuba Committee (FPCC)
Oswalds activities in New Orleans in mid-1963 were investigated by New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison during his prosecution of Clay Shaw in 1969
Bringuier Store Visit
Oswald visited Carlos Bringuier's store on August 5, 1963, and presented himself as willing to assist anti-Castro Cuban activities.
Guerrilla Training Claim
Oswald told Bringuier that his Marine experience included guerrilla-warfare training and offered to help train Cubans opposed to Castro.
Directorate of Science and Technology Created
McCone created the Directorate of Science and Technology and selected Albert Wheelon to lead the expanded organization for technical intelligence and research.
Oswald Marine Guidebook
Bringuier received Oswald's Marine guidebook when Oswald returned after their initial discussion of anti-Castro activity.
Second Bringuier Store Visit
Oswald returned to Bringuier's store and left his Marine guidebook after discussing possible assistance to opponents of Fidel Castro.
Canal Street Confrontation
Bringuier confronts Oswald while Oswald distributes pro-Castro literature on Canal Street, and police arrest participants after a scuffle.
Arrest With Cuban Exiles
Police arrested Bringuier and other Cuban exiles along with Oswald after the street confrontation.
Canal Street Confrontation
Bringuier confronted Oswald over his pro-Castro leafleting, leading to a disturbance that brought New Orleans police to the scene.
FPCC Leafleting Discovery
Bringuier encountered Oswald publicly distributing Fair Play for Cuba Committee material only days after Oswald had offered help to anti-Castro activists.
Bail Arranger Underworld Connection
The HSCA found that a Murret-connected individual who arranged Oswald's bail after his August 1963 arrest was associated with two deputies in Carlos Marcello's organization.
Bringuier Confrontation
A confrontation developed when Carlos Bringuier and other anti-Castro Cubans encountered Oswald distributing pro-Castro literature.
Canal Street FPCC Leafleting
Oswald distributed Fair Play for Cuba Committee literature in downtown New Orleans, bringing his pro-Castro activity into direct contact with anti-Castro Cuban exiles.
Disturbing the Peace Arrest
New Orleans police arrested Oswald after the confrontation surrounding his Fair Play for Cuba Committee leafleting.
Fair Play Leafleting Arrest
Police arrested Oswald on August 9, 1963, after a confrontation with Cuban exiles while he distributed Fair Play for Cuba leaflets.
Fingertips (Pt. II)
Stevie Wonder hits no 1 on the R&B and pop chart with "Fingertips - Pt. 2". Little Stevie Wonder tops the charts with "Fingertips (Pt. II)", the first live single in history to reach No 1
Fingertips - Pt. 2
Stevie Wonder hits no 1 on the R&B and pop chart with "Fingertips - Pt. 2". Little Stevie Wonder tops the charts with "Fingertips (Pt. II)", the first live single in history to reach No 1
FBI Jail Interview
At Oswald's request, FBI agent John Quigley interviewed him in jail about his background and Fair Play for Cuba Committee activities.
FPCC Membership Claims
During the FBI interview, Oswald falsely described a larger New Orleans FPCC membership and referred to the fictitious A. J. Hidell as its president.
Charges Dismissed
Charges against Bringuier and the other Cuban exiles were dismissed while Oswald pleaded guilty to disturbing the peace.
Disturbing Peace Guilty Plea
Oswald pleaded guilty to disturbing the peace on August 12, 1963, and paid a ten-dollar fine.
Leafleting Case Guilty Plea
Oswald pleaded guilty to the disturbing-the-peace charge arising from the August 9 confrontation and paid a ten-dollar fine.
Trade Union General Strike
Faces a general strike that develops into the Trois Glorieuses uprising against his government.
Thompson Recruited for Wing Play
Peter Thompson moved from Preston North End to Liverpool in August 1963, bringing direct dribbling and width to the developing championship side.
Resignation after Trois Glorieuses
Resigns after three days of demonstrations and strikes bring down his government.
FPCC Counter-Inquiry
After further Oswald leafleting, Bringuier sent an associate to Oswald's home posing as a Castro sympathizer in an attempt to learn more about his activities.
International Trade Mart Leafleting
Oswald again distributed Fair Play for Cuba literature on August 16, 1963, this time outside the International Trade Mart.
International Trade Mart Leafleting
Oswald distributed Fair Play for Cuba Committee literature outside the International Trade Mart with hired assistance.
Television Coverage of FPCC Activity
Local television news filmed Oswald's Fair Play for Cuba Committee leafleting, giving his pro-Castro campaign wider public exposure.
Oswald Interview Broadcast
WDSU broadcast a shortened version of Stuckey's Oswald interview on Latin Listening Post.
Oswald Radio Interview Recorded
Stuckey recorded a longer interview with Oswald about the Fair Play for Cuba Committee and Cuban political issues.
Stuckey Contact About Oswald
Bringuier's information helped William Stuckey locate Oswald for a radio interview about the Fair Play for Cuba Committee.
WDSU Radio Interview
Broadcaster William Stuckey recorded a radio interview with Oswald on August 17, 1963, concerning the Fair Play for Cuba Committee.
WDSU Stuckey Interview
William Stuckey recorded an interview in which Oswald discussed the Fair Play for Cuba Committee and presented himself as its New Orleans spokesman.
Debate Proposal
After seeking to air more of the Oswald interview, Stuckey helped develop the idea of a debate between Oswald and a local anti-Castro opponent.
WDSU Debate Arranged
Stuckey arranged the WDSU debate that placed Oswald opposite Carlos Bringuier and Edward Butler.
Conversation Carte Blanche Debate
Bringuier debated Oswald on WDSU's Conversation Carte Blanche program about Castro, communism, and the Fair Play for Cuba Committee.
Post-Debate Press Release
After the WDSU debate, Bringuier issued a press release urging citizens to seek a congressional investigation of Oswald.
Soviet Defection Raised in Debate
During the WDSU debate, Oswald was confronted publicly with his years in the Soviet Union, weakening his effort to present the FPCC as a local political movement.
WDSU Carte Blanche Debate
Oswald debated Carlos Bringuier and Edward Butler on WDSU's Conversation Carte Blanche program on August 21, 1963.
WDSU Radio Debate
Oswald debated Carlos Bringuier and Edward Butler on WDSU, defending the Castro government and his Fair Play for Cuba Committee activity.
Televised Debate on Cuba
Oswald debates Carlos Bringuier about Cuba and the Fair Play for Cuba Committee, giving his pro-Castro political activity wider public attention.
Demonstrations
Special Forces raided and vandalised Buddhist pagodas across the country, arresting thousands of monks and causing a death toll estimated to be in the hundreds
Massacre
Special Forces raided and vandalised Buddhist pagodas across the country, arresting thousands of monks and causing a death toll estimated to be in the hundreds
Xa Loi Pagoda Raids
Directs or supports raids against Buddhist pagodas during the political crisis
Saigon Ambassadorship
Becomes US ambassador during the crisis of the Diem regime
Marriage
John Lennon marries Cynthia Lennon at Mount Pleasant
She Loves You
Produces She Loves You, one of the breakthrough singles of Beatlemania.
First Bundesliga Goal
Scores for Borussia Dortmund against Werder Bremen in the opening minute of the inaugural Bundesliga season, recording the competition’s first goal.
Prime Minister of Norway
Appointed Prime Minister of Norway
Third Einar Gerhardsen Government
The Third Einar Gerhardsen Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.
John Lyng Government
Begins the John Lyng Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.
Blowin in the Wind
Sing Dylan's Blowin in the Wind at the March on Washington.
Blowin in the Wind
Popularises protest songwriting during the civil rights era.
The Times They Are a-Changin
Works on political material later central to The Times They Are a-Changin.
Demonstrations
250,000 civil rights supporters join the "March on Washington"
Speech
Makes the "I have a dream speech"
FBI Interview on Oswald
Stuckey told the FBI about statements Oswald had made concerning his years in the Soviet Union and his Fair Play for Cuba activities.
Bus Boycott Pressure
The boycott adds pressure for national race relations reform.
Fair Play for Cuba Committee (FPCC)
Oswalds political work in New Orleans came to an end after a WDSU radio debate between Bringuier and Oswald arranged by journalist Bill Stuckey, during the course of the debate, Oswald was confronted with accusations about his past in the Soviet Union
Latin Listening Post Guest Search
Stuckey had been seeking a Fair Play for Cuba Committee representative for his Latin Listening Post radio program before learning about Oswald.
WDSU Radio Debate
Oswalds political work in New Orleans came to an end after a WDSU radio debate between Bringuier and Oswald arranged by journalist Bill Stuckey, during the course of the debate, Oswald was confronted with accusations about his past in the Soviet Union
DRE New Orleans Delegate
Bringuier served as the New Orleans delegate of the anti-Castro Cuban Student Directorate while operating his clothing store on Decatur Street.
Fair Play for Cuba Committee (FPCC)
Oswalds political work in New Orleans came to an end after a WDSU radio debate between Bringuier and Oswald arranged by journalist Bill Stuckey, during the course of the debate, Oswald was confronted with accusations about his past in the Soviet Union
WDSU Radio Debate
Oswalds political work in New Orleans came to an end after a WDSU radio debate between Bringuier and Oswald arranged by journalist Bill Stuckey, during the course of the debate, Oswald was confronted with accusations about his past in the Soviet Union
Eastern Airlines Litigation
Ferrie's litigation over his dismissal from Eastern Airlines continued through August 1963, with New Orleans attorney G. Wray Gill representing him.
New York Talent Trip
Ruby traveled to New York in August 1963 while dealing with American Guild of Variety Artists problems and seeking entertainment talent for his clubs.
Invitation to Return to Irving
During their summer correspondence, Paine urged Marina to return to Irving and live with her because of continuing difficulties with Lee Oswald.
ZANU
The Zimbabwe African National Union party is founded by Ndabaningi Sithole, Herbert Chitepo, Edgar Tekere, Leopold Takawira and Robert Mugabe at the house of former Defence minister Enos Nkala in Highfield
ZANU
The Zimbabwe African National Union party is founded by Ndabaningi Sithole, Herbert Chitepo, Edgar Tekere, Leopold Takawira and Robert Mugabe at the house of former Defence minister Enos Nkala in Highfield
ZANU
The Zimbabwe African National Union party is founded by Ndabaningi Sithole, Herbert Chitepo, Edgar Tekere, Leopold Takawira and Robert Mugabe at the house of former Defence minister Enos Nkala in Highfield
ZANU
The Zimbabwe African National Union party is founded by Ndabaningi Sithole, Herbert Chitepo, Edgar Tekere, Leopold Takawira and Robert Mugabe at the house of former Defence minister Enos Nkala in Highfield
September 1963137 historical events
Death of Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Robert Schuman
Death of Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Robert Schuman
Warning over Anti-Castro Assassination Plots
Castro publicly warns that American leaders could face danger if the United States continued supporting attempts to eliminate Cuban leaders.
Appointed Archbishop of Armagh
Conway is appointed Archbishop of Armagh and becomes Primate of All Ireland during a period of major church and political change.
Cuban Source Contact
FBI records show DeBruey contacted a confidential Cuban source while the New Orleans office continued investigating Fair Play for Cuba Committee activity.
Sealey Receives Liverpool Opportunity
John Sealey joined Liverpool from Warrington Town for a nominal fee, reflecting Shankly’s willingness to examine talent outside the top divisions.
Debut
Best makes his Manchester United debut, aged 17against West Bromwich Albion at Old Trafford in a 1-0 victory
16th Street Baptist Church Bombing
Is killed in the racist bombing of Birmingham’s 16th Street Baptist Church.
16th Street Baptist Church Bombing
Is killed in the Birmingham church bombing.
16th Street Baptist Church Bombing
Is killed in the Birmingham church bombing. This record concerns Cynthia Wesley and 16th Street Baptist Church Bombing.
16th Street Baptist Church Bombing
Is killed in the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing.
Vietnam Mission Authority Dispute
McCone resisted proposals that would weaken CIA control of its Saigon station while officials debated Ambassador Lodge's authority and possible leadership changes.
Mexican Tourist Card
The Mexican consulate in New Orleans issued Oswald a tourist card on September 17, 1963, for travel to Mexico City.
Mexico Tourist Card Application
Oswald applied for a Mexican tourist card as he prepared a trip that he hoped would enable travel through Cuba to the Soviet Union.
Birth of Jarvis Cocker
Jarvis Cocker is born in Sheffield, Yorkshire.
Third Siroky Government
The Third Siroky Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Letter to Ambassador Lodge
McCone wrote Henry Cabot Lodge, opposing Edward Lansdale as Saigon station chief while agreeing to find a replacement for John Richardson if required.
Lenart Government
Begins the Lenart Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
September New Orleans Trip
Paine arrived in New Orleans on September 20 to visit Marina and prepare for Marina and her child to return with her to Texas.
Return with Marina to Irving
Paine returned to Irving with Marina Oswald and her child on September 24, 1963.
FPCC New Orleans Investigation
A New Orleans FBI communication identified DeBruey as an agent contacting Cuban sources during the continuing investigation of Oswald and the FPCC.
Fourth Einar Gerhardsen Government
Begins the Fourth Einar Gerhardsen Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.
Prime Minister of Norway
Appointed Prime Minister of Norway, 3rd term
John Lyng Government
The John Lyng Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.
Austin Appearance Allegation
The Warren Commission later rejects an allegation that Oswald appeared at an Austin Selective Service office during his journey.
Continental Trailways Bus 5121
The Warren Commission reconstruction places Oswald on the afternoon Continental Trailways service from New Orleans toward Houston.
Departure for Mexico
Oswald left New Orleans by bus for Mexico, carrying documents intended to support his efforts to obtain Cuban and Soviet travel permission.
Departure from New Orleans for Mexico
Oswald left New Orleans by bus on September 25, 1963, beginning his journey toward Mexico City.
Fair Play Claim to Twiford
Oswald tells Mrs. Twiford that he belongs to the Fair Play for Cuba Committee while trying to arrange a meeting with her husband.
Mexico Flight Claim
Oswald tells Mrs. Twiford that he cannot wait for her husband's return because he says he is flying to Mexico.
Mexico Trip Funds
After cashing the unemployment check, Oswald has about $200 available for his trip through Mexico.
No Austin Airline Record
The Commission finds no airline record supporting the claim that Oswald diverted from his bus journey to visit Austin.
Twiford Contact Question
Oswald asks Mrs. Twiford how her husband obtained his name and address from Socialist Labor Party contacts.
Twiford Telephone Call
During the journey west, Oswald telephones the home of Socialist Labor Party member Horace Elroy Twiford.
Unemployment Check Cashed
Oswald cashes his unemployment check at a store near Magazine Street, increasing the funds available for his journey.
Unemployment Check Collected
Oswald collects a $33 Texas unemployment compensation check from his New Orleans post office box before beginning his Mexico trip.
New Orleans Departure Recollection
Mrs. McFarland hears information indicating that Oswald had left New Orleans during the previous afternoon.
Bus Seat Association
The Commission concludes that Osborne probably occupied the seat beside Oswald during part of the Mexico-bound bus journey.
No Prior Oswald Contact
The Commission finds no evidence that Osborne and Oswald knew each other before sharing the bus journey.
Mexico Route Conversation
McFarland hears Oswald say that he is traveling to Cuba through Mexico City during the bus journey toward Laredo.
Baggage Claim 320435
Oswald checks his larger bag through toward Mexico City under baggage claim number 320435.
Bus Stop Meals
During the long bus trip, Oswald gets off at stops to eat and is repeatedly observed dining alone.
Continental Trailways Bus 5133
Oswald boards Continental Trailways bus 5133 at 2:35 a.m. for Laredo by way of Corpus Christi and Alice.
Fair Play Secretary Claim
Oswald tells fellow passengers that he is secretary of the New Orleans branch of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee.
Fidel Castro Meeting Hope
During the bus journey, Oswald says that he hopes to meet Fidel Castro after reaching Cuba.
Flecha Roja Bus 516
Oswald boards Flecha Roja bus 516 at Nuevo Laredo for the overnight journey to Mexico City.
Hotel Cuba Recommendation
Oswald tells two Australian passengers that the Hotel Cuba in Mexico City is inexpensive and clean.
Laredo Border Crossing
Oswald crosses from Laredo into Nuevo Laredo between about 1:30 and 2 p.m. during his journey south.
Limited Spanish Ability
Witnesses conclude that Oswald speaks little or no Spanish, consistent with notes later found among his travel materials.
Previous Mexico Stay Claim
Oswald tells Australian passengers that he had stayed at the Hotel Cuba before, a claim the Commission considered false.
Spanish Phrase Request
Oswald asks another passenger how to say a simple offer of help in Spanish when two women board with heavy luggage.
Consul Called to Visa Dispute
Duran calls Cuban consul Eusebio Azcue to speak with Oswald after the visa discussion becomes contentious.
Heated Argument with Oswald
Azcue and Oswald engage in a heated argument over Oswald's demand for immediate Cuban travel permission.
Visa Refusal
Azcue tells Oswald that he will not grant him a visa and criticizes his conduct as harmful to the Cuban Revolution.
Argument with Oswald
Azcue argues with Oswald over the visa request and refuses to approve it without the Soviet documentation required for onward travel.
Contact Details Given to Oswald
Duran writes her name and the Cuban diplomatic office telephone number for Oswald in case further contact is necessary.
Cuban Visa Form Prepared
Duran records Oswald's information and prepares the Cuban visa application during his first-day consular contacts.
Soviet Embassy Visa Check
Duran telephones the Soviet Embassy to determine the status of Oswald's request for permission to enter the Soviet Union.
Visa Application Forwarded to Havana
Duran forwards Oswald's completed Cuban visa application to Havana for consideration by the Cuban authorities.
Visa Application Interview
Duran receives Oswald's application for a Cuban in-transit visa intended to permit travel onward toward the Soviet Union.
Handles Oswald Visa Application
Duran processes Oswald's Cuban visa application and later identifies the applicant as the same Lee Harvey Oswald shown in post-assassination photographs.
Possible Oswald Consular Contact
The Warren Commission reports that Oswald spoke with either Yatskov or Valeriy Kostikov while seeking a Soviet visa.
Four-Month Visa Delay
Cuban consular staff are told that processing a Soviet visa for Oswald would require approximately four months.
Possible Oswald Consular Contact
Kostikov is identified as one of the Soviet consular officials who may have dealt directly with Oswald's visa request.
Arrival in Mexico City
Oswald arrived in Mexico City and quickly began visiting Cuban and Soviet diplomatic offices in pursuit of transit permission.
Communist Party Membership Claim
According to evidence reviewed by the Commission, Oswald claims Communist Party membership while presenting documents to Cuban officials.
Cuba-Restricted Passport
Oswald carries his 1963 United States passport, which is stamped invalid for travel to Cuba.
Cuban Airline Address Book Entry
Oswald carries the address and telephone number of a Cuban airline in his address book.
Cuban Consulate Visa Application
Oswald sought a Cuban transit visa and represented his Fair Play for Cuba Committee activity as evidence that he was friendly to the Cuban Revolution.
Cuban Embassy Visa Request
Oswald visited the Cuban Embassy on September 27, 1963, seeking permission to travel through Cuba on his way to the Soviet Union.
Duran Details Copied to Address Book
Oswald copies Silvia Duran's name and the Cuban diplomatic telephone number into his address book.
Friend of Cuban Revolution Claim
Oswald presents his Fair Play for Cuba Committee activity as evidence that Cuban officials should regard him as friendly to the revolution.
Hotel Occupation Entry
At the Hotel del Comercio, Oswald registers his occupation simply as photo.
Hotel Room Cost
Oswald's room at the Hotel del Comercio costs $1.28 per day, consistent with his economical travel arrangements.
Hotel del Comercio Registration
Within about an hour of arriving in Mexico City on September 27, 1963, Oswald registered at the Hotel del Comercio.
Hotel del Comercio Room 18
Oswald is assigned room 18 at the Hotel del Comercio, where he remains throughout his Mexico City stay.
Kostin Reference
Oswald later refers to a Soviet official as Kostin, which the Commission interprets as a reference to Valeriy Kostikov.
Marriage Evidence Presented
Oswald uses proof of marriage to Soviet citizen Marina Oswald as evidence supporting his request for onward travel.
Mexico City Bus Arrival
The bus carrying Oswald reaches Mexico City at about 10 a.m., roughly fifteen minutes behind schedule.
No Cuban Airline Office Visit
The Commission finds evidence that Oswald never visited the Cuban airline office whose details appeared in his address book.
No Cuban Entry Visa
On reaching Mexico City, Oswald has neither a regular Cuban visa nor an in-transit Cuban visa.
Odessa Visa Reference
During a recorded consular telephone exchange, Oswald says that he needs visas in order to go to Odessa.
Passport Photographs Returned
Oswald returns to the Cuban diplomatic compound later in the day carrying passport photographs for his application.
Planned Cuba Entry Date
Oswald tells Cuban consular staff that he intends to travel to Cuba on September 30.
Planned Cuba Stay
Oswald states that he expects to remain in Cuba for about two weeks or longer before continuing toward the Soviet Union.
Russian Letters Presented
Oswald presents letters written in Russian as part of the documentary case supporting his visa application.
Soviet Consular Contact
Oswald visits the Soviet diplomatic compound and seeks a visa for entry into the Soviet Union.
Soviet Embassy Telephone Call
A caller later identified as Oswald telephones the Soviet Embassy at about 10:37 a.m. seeking consular assistance for visas.
Soviet Embassy Visa Request
During his Mexico City visit, Oswald went to the Soviet Embassy and unsuccessfully sought a Soviet visa.
Soviet Residence Evidence Presented
Oswald presents his previous Soviet residence as supporting evidence while seeking permission to travel through Cuba.
Soviet Visa Not Issued
Oswald fails to obtain a Soviet visa during his initial visit to the Soviet diplomatic compound.
Soviet Work Permit Presented
Oswald shows a Russian-language work permit from his Soviet residence while pressing his Cuban visa request.
Visa Delay Anger
Oswald becomes angry when informed that the Cuban visa cannot be issued before Soviet entry permission is obtained.
Cuban Visa Application
Oswald visits the Cuban consulate and applies for an in-transit visa to Cuba while claiming that he intends to continue to the Soviet Union.
Pro-Castro Documents Presented
Oswald presents documents intended to demonstrate his Marxist and pro-Castro credentials while seeking permission to travel through Cuba.
Repeated Embassy Contacts
Oswald again contacts the Soviet and Cuban diplomatic establishments after failing to secure the required visas on his first day.
Second-Day Visa Failure
By the end of September 28, Oswald has still failed to obtain either Soviet entry permission or a Cuban in-transit visa.
Bullfight Visit Recounted
Marina later recalls Oswald saying that he attended a bullfight while in Mexico City, most plausibly on Sunday afternoon.
H O Lee Reservation Entry
The return-bus reservation is recorded as H. O. Lee, apparently from the name order shown on Oswald's tourist card.
Return Ticket Purchase
Oswald purchases international exchange orders for bus travel from Mexico City to Laredo and onward to Dallas.
Return Travel Cost
The travel orders for Oswald's return journey cost $20.30, covering Mexican and United States bus segments.
Seat 12 Reservation
Oswald's travel agency reservation assigns seat 12 for the northbound Transportes del Norte journey.
Transportes del Norte Bus 332 Reservation
A travel agency reserves Oswald a seat on Transportes del Norte bus 332 scheduled to leave Mexico City on October 2.
Guerrilla Warfare: A Method
Guevara publishes an essay arguing for guerrilla warfare as a revolutionary method under specified political conditions.
Alleged Bishop and Oswald Meeting
Veciana later claims that he saw Lee Harvey Oswald with his adviser, known as Maurice Bishop, during a Dallas meeting in 1963.
Alleged Visit by Leon Oswald
Odio reports that two men identifying themselves as anti-Castro Cubans visited her with an American introduced as Leon Oswald shortly before the assassination.
Reported Telephone Call after Visit
Odio states that one visitor later telephoned and attributed violent anti-Kennedy remarks to the American she believed was Lee Harvey Oswald.
Cinema Visit Evidence
The Commission concludes that Oswald apparently attended one or more motion pictures during his Mexico City stay.
Cuban Consulate Dispute
Oswald became agitated during unsuccessful visa discussions, and Cuban consul Eusebio Azcue rejected his demand for immediate permission to enter Cuba.
Cuban Visa Condition
Cuban officials told Oswald that a Cuban transit visa depended on his obtaining Soviet permission for onward travel to the Soviet Union.
Economical Mexico Meals
Restaurant evidence indicates that Oswald chose low-cost lunches and spent roughly forty to forty-eight cents per meal.
Embassy Travel Across City
Because the Soviet and Cuban diplomatic compounds were distant from his hotel, Oswald repeatedly crossed a substantial part of Mexico City.
Hotel Morning Absences
The Hotel del Comercio maid recalls that Oswald was generally gone by the time she arrived for work at about 9 a.m.
Jai Alai Plan
Notes in Oswald's dictionary and city map suggest that he considered attending a jai alai match but probably did not go.
Late Hotel Returns
The Hotel del Comercio night watchman recalls that Oswald usually returned to the hotel around midnight.
Mexico City Sightseeing
Oswald later describes sightseeing during the period when he was no longer occupied continuously with visa applications.
Museum Visits Recounted
After returning to Texas, Oswald tells Marina that he visited museums during his stay in Mexico City.
No Hotel Companion Observed
Witnesses at the hotel and nearby restaurant report seeing Oswald alone rather than in the company of known associates.
Requested Records Not Purchased
Despite a reminder in his dictionary, Oswald does not buy the Mexican phonograph records Marina had asked him to obtain.
Restaurant Lunch Routine
Oswald eats several inexpensive lunches at a small restaurant immediately beside the Hotel del Comercio.
Restaurant Menu Pointing
Unable to communicate comfortably in Spanish, Oswald orders food at a nearby restaurant by pointing to the menu.
Souvenir Bracelet
Oswald brings Marina a bracelet bearing her name, although the Commission doubts that the item was actually purchased in Mexico.
Tourist Postcards Purchased
Oswald buys postcards showing bullfights and tourist attractions and later brings them back to Marina.
Transport of Oswald Possessions
Paine's station wagon carried the Oswald family's possessions from New Orleans to Texas when Marina returned to live in Irving.
Unaware of Rifle in Possessions
Paine testified that she did not know a rifle was among the Oswald possessions stored in her garage after the move from New Orleans.
FBI
Concludes for the FBI that Oswald is sole member of the FPC Committee in New Orleans
Fair Play for Cuba Committee (FPCC)
Concludes for the FBI that Oswald is sole member of the FPC Committee in New Orleans
Oswald Alias
Discovers Oswald has been using an alias, AJ Hidell
Alfredo Mirabal Identification
Cuban diplomat Alfredo Mirabal states that he observed Oswald at the consulate and later recognized him as the man photographed being shot by Jack Ruby.
Azcue Description of Alleged Impostor
Azcue describes the man he remembers as about thirty years old, approximately five feet six inches tall, with a long face and pointed nose.
Consulate Closure Date Question
HSCA investigators examine conflicting evidence over whether someone identifying himself as Oswald met Silvia Duran on a day the Cuban consulate was closed.
Duran Identifies Visa Applicant as Oswald
Despite descriptive discrepancies, Duran states that the man who applied for the Cuban transit visa was Lee Harvey Oswald.
Duran Identifies Visa Photograph
Duran identifies the photograph attached to Oswald's visa application as depicting the same man who personally visited the Cuban consulate.
Eusebio Azcue Impersonation Claim
Former Cuban consul Eusebio Azcue later states that the man seeking a Cuban transit visa did not resemble the Oswald identified after the assassination.
Silvia Duran Physical Description
Silvia Duran identifies the consulate visitor as Oswald but gives a physical description that differs in several respects from Oswald's documented appearance.
Visa Signature Comparison
HSCA handwriting experts later determine that the signatures on the original and carbon-copy Cuban visa applications were written by Lee Harvey Oswald.
FBI
Concludes for the FBI that Oswald is sole member of the FPC Committee in New Orleans
Fair Play for Cuba Committee (FPCC)
Concludes for the FBI that Oswald is sole member of the FPC Committee in New Orleans
October 196386 historical events
Conference of Labour Party
Advocates policy of supporting science & technology for the future of Britain
President of Nigeria
Appointed President of Nigeria, 1st Republic
Hotel Bill Paid
Oswald pays his Hotel del Comercio account through the night of October 1 before departing the following morning.
Border Officials Complaint
A fellow passenger hears Oswald complain about Mexican immigration officials after he is allowed to return to the bus.
Bus 340 Manifest Rejected
The Commission determines that Oswald did not travel on Transportes Frontera bus 340 despite a later-added Oswld entry on its manifest.
Customs Banana Incident
A passenger recalls Oswald hurriedly eating a banana near customs, apparently believing he could not carry the fruit into the United States.
Departure from Mexico City
Oswald left Mexico City by bus on October 2, 1963, beginning his return journey to the United States.
Early Taxi to Bus Station
The hotel night watchman recalls helping Oswald obtain a taxi at about 6:30 or 7 a.m. for his departure.
Mexican Border Document Check
Mexican officials temporarily remove Oswald from the bus at the border because of an alleged irregularity in his tourist papers.
Monterrey Relief Bus Transfer
At Monterrey, Oswald and other passengers transfer to relief bus 373 for the continuing journey toward Laredo.
Northbound Bus Departure
Transportes del Norte bus 332 leaves Mexico City at about 8:30 a.m. with Oswald aboard.
Overhead Reading Light
A fellow passenger remembers Oswald keeping his overhead light on to read during the late-night return bus journey.
Dallas Bus Arrival
Oswald arrives in Dallas at about 2:20 p.m. after returning from Mexico by bus.
Greyhound Bus 1265
Oswald boards Greyhound bus 1265 from Laredo to Dallas at about 3 a.m.
International Bridge Return
Oswald crosses the International Bridge into Texas at about 1:35 a.m. on October 3.
Post-Mexico Unemployment Claim
After reaching Dallas, Oswald visits the employment commission and files another unemployment compensation claim.
Return From Mexico
Oswald returned to the Dallas area after failing to obtain the Cuban and Soviet visas he had sought in Mexico City.
Return Route via San Antonio
Oswald's Greyhound journey to Dallas passes through San Antonio and substantially follows the Interstate 35 corridor.
YMCA Registration
Oswald spends the night at the YMCA and registers as a serviceman to avoid paying the membership fee.
Mexico Trip Disappointment
Marina later testifies that Oswald returned disappointed and discouraged because his effort to reach Cuba had failed.
Padgett Printing Application
The day after returning from Mexico, Oswald applies for work as a typesetter trainee at Padgett Printing.
Oswald Returns from Mexico
When Oswald appeared at the Paine home on October 4, he told Paine that he had been unsuccessful in finding work elsewhere.
Limited Test Ban Treaty Ratified
Signs the United States instrument of ratification for the Limited Test Ban Treaty.
Arrest of Albertina Sisulu
Held under the Ninety-Day Detention Act
Arrest of Caroline Motsoaledi
Held under the Ninety-Day Detention Act
Trial
Opening day of the Nelson Mandela trial, the Rivonia Trial. Mandela is indicted with sabotage & conspiracy
Rivonia Trial Court Appearance
Appears with other defendants in the developing Rivonia Trial.
Sabotage Prosecution Begins
Faces sabotage charges carrying the possibility of a death sentence.
Resignation of Maurice Harold MacMillan
Resigns as Prime Minister during the Conservative Party Conference in Blackpool
Limited Test Ban Treaty Enters into Force
The Limited Test Ban Treaty enters into force after ratification by the three original parties.
President of Argentina
Appointed President of Argentina
Oswald Residence
Roberts rents a room to Lee Harvey Oswald
North Beckley Room Rental
Oswald rented a room at 1026 North Beckley Avenue on October 14, 1963, registering under the name O. H. Lee.
Ruth Paine Telephone Call
Ruth Paine telephoned the Texas School Book Depository on October 14 and spoke with Roy Truly about possible employment for Lee Harvey Oswald.
Linnie Mae Randle Job Suggestion
Linnie Mae Randle told Paine that the Texas School Book Depository might need additional order fillers because Randle's brother had recently been hired there.
Neighbor Coffee Conversation
During coffee with neighbors on October 14, Paine discussed Oswald's unemployment while Marina Oswald was present.
Oswald Told of Job Interview
When Oswald telephoned that evening, Paine told him that Roy Truly had agreed to interview him at the Texas School Book Depository.
Telephone Call to Roy Truly
Paine telephoned the Texas School Book Depository and spoke with superintendent Roy Truly about possible employment for Oswald.
Visa Decision from Havana
Cuban authorities reply that Oswald may receive a Cuban visa only after he first obtains Soviet permission for onward travel.
French Evacuation of Bizerte
The final French forces withdrew from Bizerte, ending France's military presence in Tunisia.
Depository Job Interview
Roy Truly interviewed Oswald at the Texas School Book Depository on October 15, 1963, and hired him as a temporary order filler.
Order Filler Hiring
Truly hired Oswald as an order filler after interviewing him at the Texas School Book Depository.
Oswald Employment Interview
Truly interviewed Lee Harvey Oswald at the Texas School Book Depository on October 15 after Ruth Paine had telephoned about possible work.
Texas School Book Depository
Oswald is hired by Roy Truly at Texas School Book Depository
Depository Employment Begins
Oswald began work at the Texas School Book Depository on October 16, 1963, filling customer book orders for $1.25 an hour.
Texas School Book Depository
Through Ruth Paine Oswald found a job filling book orders at the Texas School Book Depository, where he started work on October 16
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Hosty receives reporting about Oswald's Mexico City contacts.
Soviet Embassy
Hosty receives reporting about Oswald's Mexico City contacts.
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain
Prime Minister
Becomes Prime Minister after Harold Macmillan resigns.
Marina Second Daughter Birth
Marina continued living with Paine through the birth of her second daughter on October 20 and remained there afterward.
Foreign Missile and Space Analysis Center
McCone directed creation of the Foreign Missile and Space Analysis Center to strengthen independent CIA assessment of foreign missile and space capabilities.
Rest of World Goal Against England
Law scored for a FIFA Rest of the World XI against England during the Football Association's centenary match at Wembley.
Demonstrations
US Ambassador of the United Nations Adlai Stevenson is jeered, jostled, struck by a protest sign, and spat upon during a visit to Dallas
South Vietnam Coup Policy Meeting
McCone joined Kennedy, McNamara, Robert Kennedy, and Bundy in reviewing the rapidly developing coup situation and American responsibilities in South Vietnam.
FPCC Activity Monitoring
DeBruey's report stated that Cuban sources would be monitored for signs of renewed FPCC activity following Oswald's departure from New Orleans.
Fair Play for Cuba Report
DeBruey authored an FBI report on the Fair Play for Cuba Committee's New Orleans activity after Oswald had left the city.
Irwin Weiner Telephone Call
The HSCA found that Ruby called Chicago bondsman Irwin Weiner on October 26, 1963, and was not satisfied with Weiner's later explanation that the call concerned only Ruby's labor dispute.
Harriman Vietnam Coordination Discussion
McCone told Averell Harriman that CIA had not coordinated or endorsed the August policy cable on South Vietnam as Harriman had been led to believe.
Air Strike Planning Report
An archival report dated October 30, 1963, described Frank Fiorini as an American pilot involved in planning air strikes against Cuba.
Nofio Pecora Telephone Call
The HSCA found that Ruby called a New Orleans trailer park office associated with Marcello lieutenant Nofio Pecora on October 30, 1963, although Pecora denied speaking with Ruby.
Dallas Airtel on Irving Inquiry
Hosty reported the results of his Irving pretext inquiry in an FBI airtel describing Marina's residence and Oswald's visiting arrangement.
Irving Pretext Inquiry
Hosty conducted a pretext inquiry near 2515 West Fifth Street in Irving to establish where Marina and Lee Harvey Oswald were staying.
Marina Residence Confirmed
Hosty's October 30 inquiry established that Marina Oswald was living with Ruth Paine in Irving.
Oswald Visiting Arrangement Identified
Hosty learned that Lee Harvey Oswald visited Marina at the Paine residence but was not living there during the working week.
Birth of Carlos Caetano Bledorn Verri
Birth of Carlos Caetano Bledorn Verri, Dunga
FBI
FBI agent James Hosty visits Paines home to discover where Oswald is living, speaks to both Paine and Marina Oswald
FBI
FBI agent James Hosty visits Paines home to discover where Oswald is living, speaks to both Paine and Marina Oswald
FBI
FBI agent James Hosty visits Paines home to discover where Oswald is living, speaks to both Paine and Marina Oswald
FBI
FBI agent James Hosty visits Paines home to discover where Oswald is living, speaks to both Paine and Marina Oswald
Board of Trade
Becomes President of the Board of Trade under Alec Douglas-Home.
Conference of Labour Party
Speech about the "white heat" of scientific revolution
President of Nigeria
Appointed President of Nigeria
Captain
After independence Milton Obote, Ugandas first Prime Minister, rewards Idi Amin for his loyalty by promoting him to Captain
Castro Contact Discussions
McCone participated in administration discussions about exploratory contacts with Fidel Castro but regarded the diplomatic initiative skeptically while covert pressure continued.
How Hollywood Makes Movies
Ruby assisted the producers of the carnival show "How Hollywood Makes Movies" when it appeared at the Texas State Fair in October 1963.
First Floor Work Access
Truly's description of Oswald's duties established that Oswald regularly worked on the first floor of the Texas School Book Depository.
Order Filler Duties
Truly stated that Oswald's work involved gathering books listed on orders and taking them to the first-floor shipping area.
Sixth Floor Work Access
Truly stated that Oswald went to the sixth floor many times each day to obtain books required for customer orders.
Beckley Telephone Number Knowledge
Paine learned Oswald's Dallas telephone number after he rented a room on North Beckley Avenue, although she did not initially know his exact address.
Marina Residence at Fifth Street
Marina Oswald and her children lived at Paine's home on West Fifth Street while Lee Oswald rented rooms in Dallas.
Oswald Weekend Visits
Lee Oswald spent weekends with Marina and the children at Paine's Irving home while living near his job in Dallas during the week.
CIA Mexico City Photograph Question
A CIA surveillance photograph initially associated with Oswald actually depicts an unidentified man who is clearly not Lee Harvey Oswald.
CIA Photograph Timing Error
Later investigation establishes that the unidentified CIA photograph was not taken when Oswald was reported to be visiting the Soviet Embassy.
Incorrect Physical Description from CIA Photograph
A CIA report circulates a physical description derived from the unidentified photographed man, creating an early inconsistency with Oswald's known appearance.
Russian Language Anomaly
Investigators note reports that a caller identifying himself as Oswald spoke poor Russian, despite evidence that Oswald had developed substantial Russian-language ability.
November 1963729 historical events
I Wanna Be Your Man
Releases I Wanna Be Your Man with the Rolling Stones as an early hit.
Membership of Seventh Senate
Al-Rifai joined the seventh Jordanian Senate when it was formed in November 1963. His continued presence in the upper chamber reflected a shift from cabinet leadership to parliamentary service.
Arecibo Observatory
Arecibo opens as a powerful radar and radio astronomy facility.
Contact Information Left With Paine
Hosty gave Ruth Paine his name and telephone number and asked her to contact him if she learned where Oswald was living in Dallas.
Hosty Contact Slip Passed to Oswald
Ruth Paine later gave Oswald the slip containing Hosty's name and telephone number, information that subsequently appeared in Oswald's address book.
Texas School Book Depository
Visits Ruth Paine & learns Oswalds address & job at the Texas School Book Depository
Depository Employment Given to FBI
Paine told the FBI that Oswald worked at the Texas School Book Depository and that he visited his family in Irving on weekends.
First Hosty Interview
FBI agent James Hosty interviewed Paine on November 1 about Oswald's activities after his return from the Soviet Union.
Assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem
Kennedy approves a coup by South Vietnamese Army officers & Diem is assassinated
Coup
Kennedy approves a coup by Vietnamese Army officers during which Diem is assassinated. Kennedy approves a coup by South Vietnamese Army officers & Diem is assassinated
Diem Coup
Represents US policy in Saigon during the coup against Diem
Diem Coup
Faces the consequences of the coup against Ngo Dinh Diem
Coup
Overthrown & killed by a coup, with tacit US approval
Coup
Joins General Duong Van Minh and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) generals in a coup against President Ngo Dienh Diem which led to the Presidents death
Arrest of Nhu Diem
Nhu Diem is captured & burnt to death
Assassination of Nhu Diem
Captured & burnt to death
Assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem
Ngo Dinh is captured & burnt to death. Captured & burnt to death
Coup
Overthrown & killed by a coup, with tacit US approval
Death of Ngo Dinh Diem
Death of Ngo Dinh Diem, assassinated
Diem Coup
Leads the military coup that overthrows Ngo Dinh Diem
Overthrow
Overthrown and killed after US officials indicate opposition to his rule
Death of Ngo Dinh Diem
Death of Ngo Dinh Diem
Assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem
Marks the culmination of a successful CIA-backed coup led by General Duong Van Minh. Diem and his adviser, younger brother Ngo Dinh Nhu, are arrested after the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) had been successful in a bloody overnight siege on Gia Long Palace in Saigon
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Marks the culmination of a successful CIA-backed coup led by General Duong Van Minh
Coup
Marks the culmination of a successful CIA-backed coup led by General Duong Van Minh
Death of Ngo Dinh Diem
Killed after the coup that ends his presidency
Republic Declaration
Kerensky participates in republic declaration during his political career.
FBI
Requests the FBI Oswald file from New Orleans, established Oswald is living in Dallas
FBI
Requests the FBI Oswald file from New Orleans, established Oswald is living in Dallas
Royal Command Performance
The Beatles appear on the Royal Command Performance
Royal Command Performance
The Beatles appear on the Royal Command Performance
November 1 Contact Reported
The Dallas FBI office reported Hosty's November 1 contact with Ruth Paine in an airtel sent to FBI headquarters.
Hosty License Number Recorded
During Hosty's November 5 visit, Marina Oswald noted the license number of his FBI automobile and later gave it to her husband.
Dallas Address Not Supplied
During the early November FBI interviews, Paine did not provide Oswald's exact Dallas address, which she testified she did not then know.
Second Hosty Interview
Hosty interviewed Paine again on November 5 while continuing the FBI inquiry into Oswald.
Barney Baker Telephone Call
The HSCA confirmed that Ruby telephoned Hoffa associate Barney Baker on November 7, 1963, and Baker said Ruby was seeking assistance with a nightclub labor dispute.
Second Barney Baker Call
The HSCA established that Ruby made a second lengthy call to Barney Baker on November 8, 1963, despite Baker's later denial that the second conversation occurred.
Northern Songs
George Harrison signs a 5 year publishing deal with Northern Songs Ltd
US Aid Rejected
Rejects American economic and military aid and expels American diplomats
Mexico City Reference Discovered
The draft letter was the first information Paine encountered indicating that Oswald had visited Mexico City and contacted the Soviet diplomatic mission there.
Soviet Embassy Letter Draft
Paine discovered a draft of Oswald's letter to the Soviet Embassy on November 10 that referred to his recent visit to Mexico City.
Supports the Rolling Stones
Performs with Vance Arnold and the Avengers as a support act for the Rolling Stones at Sheffield City Hall.
Bjarni Benediktsson Government
Begins the Bjarni Benediktsson Government and serves as Prime Minister of Iceland.
Prime Minister of Iceland
Appointed Prime Minister of Iceland
Fifth Olafur Thors Government
The Fifth Olafur Thors Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.
CIA Logging of FBI FPCC Submission
CIA counterintelligence liaison logged an FBI submission describing Oswald's New Orleans political activity and the Hidell identity used in FPCC material.
Marina Case Origin Transferred to Dallas
FBI correspondence transferred responsibility for the Marina Oswald case from New Orleans to Dallas, where Hosty was already handling related inquiries.
Soviet Embassy Communication Learned by FBI
The FBI learned that Oswald had recently communicated with the Soviet Embassy in Washington and routed the information through normal Bureau channels.
Lee Oswald Case Origin Transferred to Dallas
FBI correspondence changed the office of origin for the Lee Harvey Oswald investigation from New Orleans to Dallas.
Motorcade Route
The motorcade route is published is published in both Dallas newspapers. The motorcade route is described in both Dallas newspapers
AGVA Complaint
Ruby telephoned an American Guild of Variety Artists representative in Chicago on November 20 to complain about competitors' striptease contests and amateur performances.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Approves action against North Vietnam by CIA supported South Vietnamese forces
Plan 34A
Operation Plan 34A is announced at the Honolulu Conference. Approves action against North Vietnam by CIA supported South Vietnamese forces
Ninth Kuomintang National Congress
The Ninth Kuomintang National Congress renews his party leadership as Taiwan balances economic development with continuing security confrontation across the strait.
First Sounding Rocket
Under Vikram Sarabhai's leadership, India launches its first sounding rocket from Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station.
Vietnam Assessment Return
McCone returned from Vietnam more discouraged about the war and increasingly doubtful that South Vietnamese leadership could carry its share of the burden.
Rifle Bag in Texas School Book Depository
Oswald asked Buell Wesley Frazier, a co-worker, for a ride to Irving, saying he had to pick up some curtain rods, the next morning, after leaving $170 and his wedding ring, he returned to Dallas with Frazier, carrying a long paper bag with him
Presidential Limosine
Secret Service agent Clint Hill rides on the left front running board of the car behind the Presidential limousine, after the shot that hit the President in the back, Hill jumped off and to overtake the limousine
Rifle Bag in Texas School Book Depository
One Texas School Book Depository employee, Jack Dougherty, saw Oswald arrive inside the Texas School Book Depository, he claimed that Oswald had nothing in his hands
Texas School Book Depository
One Texas School Book Depository employee, Jack Dougherty, saw Oswald arrive inside the Texas School Book Depository, he claimed that Oswald had nothing in his hands
Bon Vivant Room
Around midnight after the evening of November 21, Ruby met Chicago businessman Lawrence Meyers and Meyers' relatives at the Bon Vivant Room of the Dallas Cabana.
Carousel Membership Cards
Ruby distributed Carousel Club membership cards on November 21 as part of his routine promotional activity before the assassination.
Carousel Rent Payment
On November 21, Ruby paid the rent for the Carousel Club premises while conducting routine business before President Kennedy arrived in Dallas.
Dinner with Ralph Paul
Ruby ate dinner with his friend and financial backer Ralph Paul between about 9:45 and 10:45 p.m. on November 21.
Federal Tax Attorney Consultation
Ruby consulted an attorney on November 21 about continuing problems with federal tax authorities and his nightclub tax liabilities.
Peace Bond Consultation
Ruby conferred about a peace bond on November 21 that resulted from a dispute and fight involving one of his striptease performers.
William Alexander Meeting
Ruby spoke with Dallas County Assistant District Attorney William F. Alexander on November 21 about insufficient-funds checks written by one of Ruby's friends.
Fort Worth Arrival
The President and Mrs. Kennedy arrived in Fort Worth on the evening of November 21 and stayed overnight at the Hotel Texas.
Houston Visit
Jacqueline Kennedy accompanied President Kennedy to Houston during the Texas trip and attended public events before the party continued to Fort Worth.
San Antonio Visit
Mrs. Kennedy joined the President during the first stop of the Texas trip in San Antonio on November 21.
Texas Political Trip Departure
Jacqueline Kennedy accompanied President Kennedy when he left Washington on November 21, 1963, for a two-day political trip through Texas.
No Active Inquiry After November 5
Hosty later testified that he conducted no active investigative work on the Oswald case between November 5 and the assassination.
Curtain Rod Story to Frazier
On November 21, 1963, Oswald asked Buell Wesley Frazier for a ride to Irving, saying that he wanted to collect curtain rods.
Final Evening at Paine Home
Oswald spent the evening of November 21 at the Paine home, attempted to reconcile with Marina, watched television, and retired around 9 p.m.
Rifle Bag in Texas School Book Depository
Linnie Mae Randle, Fraziers sister, sees Oswald at their house before their journey to the Texas School Book Depository
Texas School Book Depository
Linnie Mae Randle, Fraziers sister, sees Oswald at their house before their journey to the Texas School Book Depository
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Nellie Connally, then the First Lady of Texas, turned around to Kennedy, who was sitting behind her, and commented, "Mr. President, you cant say Dallas doesnt love you"
Garage Block Painting
At about 9 p.m. on November 21, Paine went into the garage to paint children's blocks and noticed that the garage light was already on.
Garage Light Observation
Paine testified that she was certain she had not left the garage light on after dinner on the evening before the assassination.
Unexpected Thursday Visit
Oswald unexpectedly returned to the Paine home on Thursday, November 21, rather than making his customary Friday trip to Irving.
Autopsy
Dr. Burkley observes both the head wound and a wound to the back of the President, and determines the head wound was the cause of death
Death Certificate
Dr. Burkley signs President Kennedys death certificate
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
At 1:00 p.m., CST (19:00 UTC), after all heart activity had ceased and after a priest administered the last rites, the President is pronounced dead
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Kennedys death is officially announced by White House Acting Press Secretary Malcolm Kilduff at 1:33 p.m. CST (19:33 UTC)
CIA Contact on Assassination Day
Later CIA testimony states that an officer met Cubela in Paris on November 22 and discussed an assassination device for possible use against Castro.
With the Beatles
Produces With the Beatles as the group consolidates its early British popularity.
Kennedy Assassination Condolence
Sends condolences after President John F. Kennedy is assassinated and signals a desire to preserve improving relations.
Death of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Death of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, assassinated
Succession
Sworn in as 36th President of the United States after the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Films the assassination of Kennedy, sells the original film and the publishing rights to Life Magazine for $150,000, he donates $25,000 of the proceeds to the widow of slain Dallas police officer J.D. Tippit
Zapruder Film
Zapbruder hands over a copy of his film to Forrest Sorrels of the Secret Service office in Dallas. Films the assassination of Kennedy, sells the original film and the publishing rights to Life Magazine for $150,000, he donates $25,000 of the proceeds to the widow of slain Dallas police officer J.D. Tippit
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Soon after the shots were fired Tague was approached by a Dallas sheriff detective, Buddy Walthers, who had noticed that Tague had specks of blood on his right facial cheek. Detective Walthers asked Tague where he had been standing
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Walthers tells Tague it looked like a bullet had been fired from one of the Houston and Elm Streets intersection buildings and had hit the curb.
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
they discover on the upper part of the Main Street south curb a "very fresh scar" impact that looked like a bullet had struck there and taken a small chip out of the curb's concrete
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Pushes Mrs. Kennedy back into her seat, and clings to the car as it exits Dealey Plaza and sped to Parkland Memorial Hospital
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Secret Service agent Clint Hill was riding on the left front running board of the car immediately behind the Presidential limousine. Jumps onto the back of the limousine, pushes Mrs. Kennedy back into her seat, and clings to the car as it exits Dealey Plaza and speeds to Parkland Memorial Hospital
Parkland Memorial Hospital
Jumps onto the back of the limousine, pushes Mrs. Kennedy back into her seat, and clings to the car as it exits Dealey Plaza and speeds to Parkland Memorial Hospital
Marcello Court Proceedings
Ferrie stated that he was in a federal courtroom in New Orleans on the morning of November 22 while proceedings involving Carlos Marcello were underway.
Texas Trip
On the evening of November 22, Ferrie left New Orleans with two young companions and drove toward Houston, Texas.
Texas School Book Depository
A 6.5 x 52 mm Italian Carcano M91/38 bolt-action rifle is found on the 6th floor of the Texas Book Depository by Deputy Constable Seymour Weitzman and Deputy Sheriff Eugene Boone soon after the assassination
No Established Dallas Presence
Later official investigations did not establish that Sturgis was present in Dealey Plaza when President Kennedy was assassinated.
No Warren Commission Identification
The Warren Commission did not identify Sturgis as a participant in President Kennedy's assassination or as one of the men detained near Dealey Plaza.
House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA)
Gonzalez was in President Kennedy's motorcade, he recalled rolling down the window as his car neared the Texas School Book Depository, then hearing three shots during the assassination.
House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA)
Gonzalez's car proceeded to Parkland Memorial Hospital where upon seeing a blood-caked bouquet of roses in the rear of presidential limousine he initially believed Jackie Kennedy had been shot. There, he saw Lyndon Johnson, Lady Bird Johnson, Mrs.
House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA)
Kennedy, and President Kennedy's sheet covered body. Gonzalez helped place Kennedy's casket in the hearse that transported Kennedy to Air Force One
Motorcade Route
Across the street from the Texas School Book Depository, notifies police that as he watched the motorcade go by, he heard a shot come from above, and looked up to see a man with a rifle make another shot from a corner window on the sixth floor
Motorcade Route
Arrives at about 12:23 p.m., and while waiting for the motorcade, he looked up and saw a man appear at an open window at the southeast corner of the sixth floor, 120 feet (37 m) from Brennan, and observed him leave the window "a couple
Motorcade Route
Brennan, a 44-year-old steamfitter, watches the presidential motorcade from a concrete retaining wall at the southwest corner of Elm and Houston streets in Dealey Plaza, where he had a clear view of the south side of the Depository Building.
Motorcade Route
Watches the presidential motorcade from a concrete retaining wall at the southwest corner of Elm and Houston streets in Dealey Plaza, where he had a clear view of the south side of the Depository Building.
Motorcade Route
of times".
Oswald Identification
Brennan saw Oswald on television then later the same evening Brennan identified Oswald as the person in a police lineup who most closely resembled the man in the window, but Brennan said he was unable to make a positive identification
Texas School Book Depository
Across the street from the Texas School Book Depository, notifies police that as he watched the motorcade go by, he heard a shot come from above, and looked up to see a man with a rifle make another shot from a corner window on the sixth floor
Bethesda Autopsy Assistance
Commander J. Thornton Boswell assisted Humes and Finck during President Kennedy's autopsy at Bethesda Naval Hospital.
Bethesda Chief of Pathology Role
Boswell was chief of pathology at Bethesda Naval Hospital when he participated in President Kennedy's autopsy.
Bethesda Posterior Neck Entrance Agreement
Boswell agreed with the other pathologists that the small posterior neck wound was a missile entrance wound.
Bethesda Posterior Skull Entry Conclusion
Boswell agreed that the bullet penetrated the rear of Kennedy's head before passing through the skull.
Bethesda Right-Side Skull Exit Conclusion
Boswell joined Humes in concluding that the head missile exited through the large defect on the right side of the skull.
Foreign Travel and Cuba Questions
Fritz questioned Oswald about recent foreign travel and political associations as Dallas investigators tried to reconstruct his contacts before the assassination.
Alex Gruber Telephone Call
At 2:37 p.m. on November 22, Ruby telephoned boyhood friend Alex Gruber in Los Angeles and became emotional while discussing the assassination.
Alice Nichols Telephone Call
Ruby spoke by telephone with former girlfriend Alice Nichols on November 22 and expressed shock over President Kennedy's assassination.
Carousel Night Receipts
After leaving the Dallas Cabana, Ruby returned to the Carousel Club, closed the establishment, and collected the night's receipts before visiting the Vegas Club.
Eileen Kaminsky Telephone Call
After learning of Kennedy's death, Ruby telephoned his sister Eileen Kaminsky in Chicago; she later described him as crying and completely unnerved.
Hyman Rubenstein Telephone Call
Shortly after 9 p.m., Ruby telephoned his brother Hyman and two sisters in Chicago and discussed his distress about events in Dallas.
Kosher Sandwich Purchase
At about 10:30 p.m., Ruby purchased eight kosher sandwiches and ten soft drinks after hearing that Dallas police officers were working overtime.
Ritz Delicatessen Purchase
Ruby bought a large quantity of cold cuts at the Ritz Delicatessen after his sister Eva Grant reminded him to obtain food for the weekend.
Weekend Closure Advertisement
Unable to cancel his newspaper advertisement, Ruby changed it to announce that the Carousel and Vegas clubs would remain closed for the weekend.
Weissman Advertisement Reaction
At the Dallas Morning News, Ruby criticized the black-bordered "Welcome Mr. Kennedy" advertisement and questioned the identity of its listed chairman, Bernard Weissman.
Air Force One Boarding
Jacqueline Kennedy boarded Air Force One at Love Field with the President's casket before the aircraft departed Dallas.
Andrews Air Force Base Arrival
Jacqueline Kennedy arrived at Andrews Air Force Base late on November 22 with President Kennedy's casket.
Bethesda Autopsy Hospital Selection
Jacqueline Kennedy chose the National Naval Medical Center at Bethesda for the autopsy because President Kennedy had served in the Navy.
Bethesda Naval Hospital Journey
Jacqueline Kennedy accompanied the President's remains to Bethesda Naval Hospital after returning from Dallas.
Bethesda Secret Service Protection
Secret Service agents guarded Jacqueline Kennedy in quarters assigned to her at Bethesda while the autopsy proceeded.
Bethesda Seventeenth Floor Vigil
Jacqueline Kennedy waited with members of the Kennedy family on the hospital's seventeenth floor while the autopsy was performed.
Bloodstained Clothing Retained
Jacqueline Kennedy remained in the clothing she had worn during the assassination while traveling back to Washington aboard Air Force One.
Casket Transfer at Andrews
Mrs. Kennedy remained with the presidential party as Kennedy's casket was removed from Air Force One at Andrews Air Force Base.
Cecil Stoughton Oath Photograph
Cecil Stoughton photographed Jacqueline Kennedy standing near Lyndon Johnson during the historic Air Force One oath ceremony.
Clint Hill Assistance
Clint Hill reached the presidential limousine, helped protect Mrs. Kennedy, and remained on the car as it accelerated toward Parkland Memorial Hospital.
Dallas Crowd Greeting
Jacqueline Kennedy greeted members of the crowd at Love Field before entering the presidential limousine for the Dallas motorcade.
Dealey Plaza Entry
Mrs. Kennedy was riding beside the President as the motorcade entered Dealey Plaza and turned from Houston Street onto Elm Street.
Flight from Dallas to Washington
Mrs. Kennedy accompanied her husband's casket throughout the Air Force One flight from Dallas to the Washington area.
Flight to Dallas
Jacqueline Kennedy flew with the President from Fort Worth to Dallas on the morning of November 22.
Fort Worth Breakfast Appearance
Mrs. Kennedy joined President Kennedy at the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce breakfast before the presidential party departed for Dallas.
Governor Connally Reaction
Mrs. Kennedy recalled hearing Governor John Connally react as the shooting began, helping her recognize that something serious had happened.
Hotel Texas Stay
Jacqueline Kennedy spent the morning of November 22 at the Hotel Texas before joining the President for the day's public schedule.
Love Field Arrival
President and Mrs. Kennedy arrived at Dallas Love Field shortly before noon and were greeted by local officials and a large crowd.
Movement onto Limousine Trunk
After the fatal shot, Mrs. Kennedy moved onto the rear portion of the limousine as Secret Service agent Clint Hill climbed aboard.
Parkland Casket Departure
Jacqueline Kennedy accompanied President Kennedy's casket when it was taken from Parkland Memorial Hospital for the return to Love Field.
Parkland Hospital Arrival
Jacqueline Kennedy arrived at Parkland Memorial Hospital with the mortally wounded President shortly after the Dealey Plaza shooting.
Parkland Treatment Area
While doctors attempted to save the President, Mrs. Kennedy alternated between observing the medical efforts and waiting outside the treatment area.
Pink Suit in Dallas
Mrs. Kennedy wore the pink suit and matching pillbox hat that became permanently associated with the assassination and its immediate aftermath.
Presence at Johnson Oath
Mrs. Kennedy stood beside Lyndon B. Johnson during his presidential swearing-in aboard Air Force One at 2:38 p.m.
President Kennedy Head Wound
Jacqueline Kennedy was beside the President when the fatal shot struck his head during the motorcade through Dealey Plaza.
Presidential Limousine Rear Seat
Jacqueline Kennedy sat beside President Kennedy in the rear seat of the presidential limousine during the Dallas motorcade.
Reaction to First Shot
Jacqueline Kennedy testified that after the first noise she turned toward her husband and saw him raise his hands toward his throat.
Refusal to Leave Parkland
After President Kennedy was pronounced dead, Mrs. Kennedy initially refused efforts to persuade her to leave the hospital area.
Return to Love Field
Mrs. Kennedy traveled with the President's casket from Parkland Memorial Hospital back to Dallas Love Field.
Bethesda Chief Autopsy Surgeon
Commander James J. Humes served as chief autopsy surgeon during the examination of President Kennedy at Bethesda Naval Hospital.
Bethesda Downward Neck Trajectory
Humes and the other pathologists traced the neck missile along a slight downward path toward the front of Kennedy's throat.
Bethesda Head Exit Assessment
Humes concluded that the large defect on the upper right side of Kennedy's skull represented a wound of exit.
Bethesda Laboratory Director Role
At the time of the autopsy, Humes was senior pathologist and director of laboratories at Bethesda Naval Hospital.
Bethesda Lodged Bullet Theory Rejected
Further examination led Humes and the Bethesda team to reject the idea that a bullet had lodged in Kennedy's back and later fallen out.
Bethesda Neck Entrance Assessment
Humes agreed that the small, clean-edged wound near the back of Kennedy's neck had the characteristics of an entrance wound.
Bethesda Skull Beveling Assessment
Humes used the beveling of the skull wound to support the conclusion that the smaller posterior defect was an entrance wound.
Bethesda Soft Tissue Track Finding
Humes determined that the neck missile passed mainly through soft tissue rather than through bone as it crossed Kennedy's neck.
Oswald Report Routed to Counterintelligence
The FBI report on Oswald's New Orleans FPCC activity reached a CIA counterintelligence special-investigations office on the day Kennedy was assassinated.
Assassination Lead Review
Back at the FBI office, Hosty was instructed to review his files for possible investigative leads concerning the President's shooting.
Brian Cannot Confirm Capability Statement
Detective V. J. Brian later testified that he did not hear Hosty say Oswald was capable of assassination, although he missed part of the conversation.
Dallas Police Interrogation Observation
Hosty was sent to Dallas police headquarters and observed an interrogation of Oswald after the arrest.
Depository Employment Mentioned to Revill
During the basement exchange, Hosty said the FBI had known of Oswald's employment at the Texas School Book Depository.
FBI Knowledge of Oswald Disclosed
Hosty told Revill that the FBI had known about Oswald and knew he was living in Dallas before the assassination.
FBI
Receives the New Orleans FBI files & papers on Oswald
First Face-to-Face Contact With Oswald
Hosty's first direct encounter with Oswald occurred after the assassination when he attended the police interrogation.
Hosty Denies Prior Violence Intelligence
Hosty maintained that the FBI had possessed no pre-assassination information indicating that Oswald was likely to commit violence.
Kennedy Shooting Report Received
After learning that President Kennedy had been shot, Hosty returned toward the Dallas FBI office to await instructions.
No Secret Service Referral Explained
Hosty later explained that Oswald had not been referred to the Secret Service because the FBI file contained no presidential threat from him.
Oswald File Pulled
Hosty immediately retrieved the Dallas FBI file on Oswald after learning that Oswald had been arrested.
Oswald File Taken to Shanklin
Hosty took the Oswald file to Special Agent in Charge J. Gordon Shanklin as the Dallas FBI office organized its assassination investigation.
Oswald Identified as Suspect
After 2 p.m., Hosty learned that the suspect arrested in Oak Cliff had been identified as Lee Harvey Oswald.
Oswald Note Connection Recognized
Oswald's reaction to Hosty's presence during interrogation led Hosty to associate Oswald with the unsigned note previously delivered to the Dallas FBI office.
Parkland Assignment
Hosty was sent from the Dallas FBI office toward Parkland Hospital after the shooting, but he was soon directed back to the office.
Revill Basement Conversation
Hosty encountered Dallas police lieutenant Jack Revill in the basement and discussed the FBI's prior knowledge of Oswald.
Revill Memorandum Records Conversation
Lieutenant Revill promptly prepared a memorandum recording his disputed conversation with Hosty about the FBI's prior knowledge of Oswald.
Revill Violence Claim Disputed
Revill later reported that Hosty said the FBI knew Oswald was capable of the assassination; Hosty repeatedly denied making that statement.
Soviet Embassy Information Reaches Hosty
Hosty received FBI information that afternoon concerning Oswald's recent communication with the Soviet Embassy in Washington.
Tippit Shooting Information Received
At about 1:30 p.m., Hosty received word that Officer J. D. Tippit had been killed and that a suspect was surrounded at a theater.
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Detective Walthers asked Tague where he had been standing, they discover on the upper part of the Main Street south curb a "very fresh scar" impact that looked like a bullet had struck there and taken a small chip out of the curbs concrete
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Forensic tests by the FBI reveal that the chipped bullet mark impact location did not have any copper metal residue, such as those required by the 6.5 mm military jacketed copper encased bullets, allegedly, fired from the Texas Book Depository.
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Soon after the shots were fired Tague was approached by a Dallas sheriff detective, Buddy Walthers, who had noticed that Tague had specks of blood on his right facial cheek.
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Tague later testifies that the first shot he recalled hearing occurred after the Presidential limousine had already completed the 120-degree slow turn from Houston Street onto Elm Street and then straightened out.
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Walthers tells Tague it looked like a bullet had been fired from one of the Houston and Elm Streets intersection buildings and had hit the curb.
FBI
Forensic tests by the FBI reveal that the chipped bullet mark impact location did not have any copper metal residue, such as those required by the 6.5 mm military jacketed copper encased bullets, allegedly, fired from the Texas Book Depository
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Detective Walthers asked Tague where he had been standing, they discover on the upper part of the Main Street south curb a "very fresh scar" impact that looked like a bullet had struck there and taken a small chip out of the curbs concrete
Assassination Suspect Description
Tippit could hear the police-radio description of the assassination suspect, broadcast as a slender white male about 30 years old, approximately 5 feet 10 inches tall.
Available for Emergency
After Tippit's 12:54 p.m. location report, the dispatcher instructed him to remain available for any emergency arising in central Oak Cliff.
Barbara Jeanette Davis Witness
Barbara Jeanette Davis heard the gunfire and saw an armed man cross the lawn beside her residence while apparently emptying cartridge cases from his revolver.
Cartridge Case Recovery
Witnesses recovered cartridge cases discarded near the Tippit crime scene and turned them over to Dallas police officers.
Central Oak Cliff Order
At 12:45 p.m., the police dispatcher specifically ordered Tippit's unit to move into the central Oak Cliff area.
Discarded Jacket Evidence
Police recovered a light-colored zipper jacket beneath a car near Jefferson Boulevard along the route attributed to the gunman fleeing Tippit's shooting.
Domingo Benavides Witness
Domingo Benavides saw Tippit beside his patrol car, heard the shots, and watched the gunman discard cartridge cases while leaving the scene.
Downtown Emergency Broadcast
At about 12:44 p.m., Dallas police radio ordered downtown patrol units to report to Elm and Houston under emergency conditions after President Kennedy was shot.
East Tenth Street Patrol
At approximately 1:15 p.m., Tippit was driving slowly east along East 10th Street in Oak Cliff.
Exit from Patrol Car
Tippit opened the driver's door and began walking around the front of his patrol car after speaking with the pedestrian.
Eyewitness Lineup Identifications
Multiple witnesses to the shooting or the gunman's flight identified Oswald in Dallas police lineups conducted after his arrest.
Four Gunshot Wounds
Four bullets struck Tippit during the shooting on East 10th Street, killing him at the scene.
Gunman Description Broadcast
At approximately 1:22 p.m., Dallas police broadcast a description of the man wanted for Tippit's murder based on information from witnesses.
Helen Markham Witness
Helen Markham witnessed the encounter between Tippit and the gunman, saw the officer fall after the shots, and ran to Tippit's side.
Jefferson Boulevard Flight
Witness accounts placed the gunman moving westward along Jefferson Boulevard after leaving the area where Tippit had been shot.
Lancaster and Eighth Report
At 12:54 p.m., Tippit radioed that he was in central Oak Cliff at Lancaster Road and Eighth Street.
Oswald Arrest Connection
Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested in the Texas Theatre shortly after police began searching the area for the man suspected of killing Tippit.
Oswald Charged with Tippit Murder
At 7:10 p.m. on November 22, Dallas police formally advised Oswald that he had been charged with murdering Patrolman J. D. Tippit.
Passenger Window Conversation
The pedestrian approached the right side of Tippit's patrol car and apparently exchanged words with him through the front or vent window.
Patton Avenue Flight
Witnesses saw the gunman leave the Tippit shooting scene and move south along Patton Avenue toward Jefferson Boulevard.
Pedestrian Stop
About 100 feet east of Patton Avenue, Tippit stopped beside a man walking east whose general appearance resembled the police-radio description.
Police Radio Death Report
Benavides used Tippit's police radio to report the shooting to Dallas police headquarters at approximately 1:16 p.m.
Second Suspect Broadcast
Dallas police repeated the assassination suspect description over the radio at 12:48 p.m. while Tippit was moving through Oak Cliff.
Shooting at Tenth Street
As Tippit reached the left front wheel of his patrol car, the gunman drew a revolver and fired several shots at him.
Ted Callaway Witness
Used-car salesman Ted Callaway heard the shooting and saw the armed gunman pass nearby while fleeing toward Jefferson Boulevard.
Texas Theatre Search
Police searching for Tippit's killer converged on the Texas Theatre after receiving information that a suspicious man had entered without buying a ticket.
Third Suspect Broadcast
The assassination suspect description was broadcast again at about 12:55 p.m. while Tippit remained on patrol in central Oak Cliff.
Tippit Revolver at Scene
When Benavides reached Tippit after the shooting, the officer was lying on his own revolver, which was out of its holster.
Virginia Davis Witness
Virginia Davis heard the shots and saw the armed man cross the lawn near 10th and Patton while leaving the area.
William Scoggins Witness
Taxi driver William Scoggins heard the shots, saw Tippit fall, and then observed the armed gunman pass close to his cab while fleeing.
Bethesda Autopsy Completion
The autopsy of President Kennedy was concluded at approximately 11 p.m. at Bethesda Naval Hospital.
Bethesda Autopsy Photography
Photographs of President Kennedy were taken at Bethesda as part of the preliminary autopsy documentation.
Bethesda Burial Preparation Begins
After the autopsy ended, President Kennedy's body was prepared for burial at Bethesda Naval Hospital.
Bethesda Casket Arrival
President Kennedy's body arrived at Bethesda Naval Hospital for autopsy at approximately 7:35 p.m.
Bethesda Cranial Fragments Recovered
Two small irregular metallic fragments were recovered from Kennedy's head during the Bethesda autopsy and transferred to the FBI.
Bethesda Cranial Metal Fragment Pattern
X-rays showed numerous tiny metal fragments extending from the rear head wound toward the front of Kennedy's skull.
Bethesda Fragment Above Right Eye
The Bethesda X-rays showed a sizable metallic fragment positioned above President Kennedy's right eye.
Bethesda Intermuscular Bullet Track
The autopsy found that the neck bullet passed between two large muscles without leaving a permanent channel through either muscle.
Bethesda Neck Track Misses Bone
The Bethesda pathologists found that the bullet passing through Kennedy's neck did not strike any bone.
Bethesda Neck Wound Measurements
The posterior neck wound measured approximately seven by four millimeters and had clean, sharply defined edges.
Bethesda Pathological Cause of Death
The Bethesda autopsy report listed the pathological cause of President Kennedy's death as a gunshot wound to the head.
Bethesda Pathological Examination Begins
The pathological examination of President Kennedy began at Bethesda at about 8 p.m. on November 22.
Bethesda Physical Measurements
The autopsy report recorded Kennedy as 46 years old, 72.5 inches tall, approximately 170 pounds, with blue eyes and reddish-brown hair.
Bethesda Pleural Contusion
The neck bullet produced a contusion on the upper part of Kennedy's pleural cavity without penetrating that cavity.
Bethesda Posterior Neck Wound
The autopsy revealed another bullet wound near the base of Kennedy's neck, slightly to the right of his spine.
Bethesda Posterior Skull Entrance
The autopsy identified a small wound in the rear of Kennedy's skull as a bullet entrance wound.
Bethesda Preliminary X-Rays
Preliminary X-rays of President Kennedy were taken at Bethesda before the pathological examination began.
Bethesda Right Lung Apex Bruising
The Bethesda examination found bruising at the top portion of President Kennedy's right lung along the neck bullet's path.
Bethesda Right Skull Exit Defect
The pathologists identified the large defect on the upper right side of Kennedy's skull as the head bullet's exit area.
Bethesda Skull Fragment Reconstruction
Recovered skull fragments were fitted together during the Bethesda examination, accounting for much of the missing portion of Kennedy's skull.
Bethesda Tracheal Injury
The examining pathologists concluded that the neck bullet damaged Kennedy's trachea as it passed through his neck.
Bethesda Tracheotomy Obscures Exit
The front neck wound could not be directly examined because the Parkland tracheotomy incision had removed visible evidence of that wound.
Brown Paper Package
Linnie Mae Randle saw Oswald approaching Frazier's car on November 22 carrying a long brown paper package.
Dallas Police Interrogation Begins
Police began interrogating Oswald at about 2:30 p.m. on November 22, starting a series of questioning sessions lasting about twelve hours in total.
Departure from Paine Home
Oswald left the Paine residence at about 7:15 a.m. on November 22, 1963, before Marina or Ruth Paine saw him leave.
Depository Departure
The Warren Commission concluded that Oswald left the Texas School Book Depository at approximately 12:33 p.m., before police sealed the building.
Discarded Zipper Jacket
The Warren Commission concluded that Oswald discarded his light-colored zipper jacket while fleeing from the Tippit shooting scene.
Elm Street Bus Ride
The Warren Commission concluded that Oswald boarded a Dallas bus after leaving the Depository and rode for only several minutes before getting off.
Jefferson Boulevard Flight
Witnesses identified Oswald as the armed man who fled from the Tippit shooting area toward Jefferson Boulevard.
Kennedy Murder Charge
Later on November 22, Dallas authorities charged Oswald with murdering President John F. Kennedy.
Roominghouse Return
Oswald returned to his North Beckley roominghouse at about 1 p.m. on November 22 and left again a few minutes later.
Second Floor Baker Encounter
Shortly after the assassination, Officer Marrion Baker encountered Oswald near the second-floor lunchroom, and Roy Truly identified him as an employee.
Sixth Floor Givens Encounter
Charles Givens testified that he saw Oswald on the sixth floor around 11:55 a.m. on November 22, carrying a clipboard.
Texas Theatre Arrest
Dallas police arrested Oswald inside the Texas Theatre at approximately 1:50 p.m. on November 22, 1963.
Texas Theatre Entry
Oswald entered the Texas Theatre without purchasing a ticket while police searched the Oak Cliff area for Tippit's killer.
Tippit Killing Finding
The Warren Commission concluded that Oswald shot and killed Dallas Patrolman J. D. Tippit at about 1:16 p.m. on November 22.
Tippit Murder Charge
Dallas authorities charged Oswald with the murder of Patrolman J. D. Tippit on the evening of November 22, 1963.
Whaley Taxi Ride
After leaving the bus, Oswald took a taxicab driven by William Whaley toward Oak Cliff and got out near North Beckley Avenue.
Mannlicher-Carcano Gun
Attempts to heckle Kennedy with a reminder of the appeasement policies Prime Minister Chamberlain, with an umbrella
Air Force One Security
Public announcement of Kennedy's death was delayed until Johnson was safely aboard Air Force One at Love Field.
Air Force One Television
After boarding Air Force One, Johnson watched television coverage as officials prepared for the transfer of presidential authority.
Andrews Air Force Base Arrival
Johnson arrived at Andrews Air Force Base aboard Air Force One after the flight from Dallas following President Kennedy's assassination.
Catholic Missal
Johnson placed his hand on a Catholic missal found aboard Air Force One while taking the presidential oath.
Cecil Stoughton Photograph
White House photographer Cecil Stoughton photographed Johnson taking the presidential oath with Lady Bird Johnson and Jacqueline Kennedy beside him.
Dallas Motorcade
Johnson traveled in the Dallas presidential motorcade behind President Kennedy's limousine when shots were fired in Dealey Plaza.
Departure from Dallas
After Johnson completed the presidential oath, Air Force One departed Dallas carrying the new President, the Kennedy party, and President Kennedy's casket.
First Presidential Statement
Johnson made brief televised remarks at Andrews Air Force Base, asking for the public's help as he assumed the presidency after Kennedy's death.
Government Continuity
Johnson used his first presidential remarks to reassure Americans and foreign governments that United States authority and policy remained intact after the assassination.
Jacqueline Kennedy at Oath
Johnson asked Jacqueline Kennedy to be present for the presidential oath after she arrived aboard Air Force One with President Kennedy's casket.
Parkland Memorial Hospital
Johnson remained under Secret Service protection at Parkland Memorial Hospital while President Kennedy was treated after the shooting.
Presidential Oath Wording
Johnson instructed aide Jack Valenti to obtain the precise wording of the presidential oath while preparations for the ceremony continued aboard Air Force One.
Presidential Oath
Judge Sarah T. Hughes administered the presidential oath to Lyndon Baines Johnson aboard Air Force One at Love Field.
Presidential Succession
Following President Kennedy's death, Johnson became President under constitutional succession and prepared to take the presidential oath before leaving Dallas.
Robert Kennedy Telephone Call
Johnson telephoned Attorney General Robert Kennedy about the presidential oath and received guidance that a federal judge in Dallas could administer it.
Sarah T. Hughes
Johnson requested that federal judge Sarah T. Hughes be located to administer the presidential oath aboard Air Force One.
Secret Service Protection
Secret Service agents placed Johnson under close protection after the shooting and moved him from Parkland Memorial Hospital toward Love Field.
Texas Political Trip
Vice President Lyndon Baines Johnson joined President Kennedy in Dallas during a Texas political trip intended to build support and reduce divisions ahead of the 1964 election.
Vice Presidential Vacancy
Johnson's succession to the presidency left the vice presidency vacant, because existing law provided no mechanism for appointing a replacement vice president.
Death of Malcolm Kilduff
Kennedys death is officially announced by White House Acting Press Secretary Malcolm Kilduff at 1:33 p.m. CST (19:33 UTC)
Grassy Knoll
Stands on the same pedestal as Abraham Zapruder (steadying him), only yards from the alleged Grassy Knoll assassin
Badge Man
Badge Man is the name given to a photographic image that some President John F. Kennedy assassination researchers claim is a grassy knoll assassin seen within a Polaroid photograph that close witness Mary Moorman captured
Badge Man
In the Moorman Polaroid photo is seen all of the Presidential limousine occupants, several other witnesses (including Abraham Zapruder filming), two Dallas police motorcycle Presidential escorts, and much of the area comprising the grassy knoll.
Badge Man
The photo has been calculated to have been captured between the Zapruder film equivalent concurrent frames of Z-315 and 316 (less than one-sixth of a second after President Kennedys head first exploded at Z-313).
Grassy Knoll
Badge Man is the name given to a photographic image that some President John F. Kennedy assassination researchers claim is a grassy knoll assassin seen within a Polaroid photograph that close witness Mary Moorman captured.
Grassy Knoll
In the Moorman Polaroid photo is seen all of the Presidential limousine occupants, several other witnesses (including Abraham Zapruder filming), two Dallas police motorcycle Presidential escorts, and much of the area comprising the grassy knoll.
Grassy Knoll
Photographs the Grassy Knoll with a polaroid which is used to identify the "badge man"
Arrest of Lee Harvey Oswald
Oswald resists, attempting to shoot the arresting officer, Maurice N. McDonald, with a pistol, and is forcibly restrained by the police
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
At Zapruder frame 313, when President Kennedy was shot in the head, Jean Hill was only 21 feet (6.4 m) away, leftward, and slightly behind President Kennedy.
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Norma Jean Lollis Hill was present along with her friend Mary Moorman across from the grassy knoll, and was one of the very closest witnesses to President Kennedy when the shots were fired at him.
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
The "Lady in Red" in Zapruders film, claims smoke was lingering near the grassy knoll picket fence corner.
Grassy Knoll
The "Lady in Red" in Zapruders film, claims smoke was lingering near the grassy knoll picket fence corner. Present along with her friend Mary Moorman across from the grassy knoll, and was one of the very closest witnesses to President Kennedy when the shots were fired at him
Lady In Red
The "Lady in Red" in Zapruders film, claims smoke was lingering near the grassy knoll picket fence corner
Last Rites
The Very Rev. Oscar L. Huber, the priest who administered the last rites to Kennedy told The New York Times that the President was already dead by the time he had arrived at the hospital
Parkland Memorial Hospital
The Very Rev. Oscar L. Huber, the priest who administered the last rites to Kennedy told The New York Times that the President was already dead by the time he had arrived at the hospital
Bethesda Four Hundred Case Comparison
Finck applied experience derived from more than 400 wound cases when evaluating the perforating missile damage to Kennedy's skull.
Bethesda Neck Entrance Conclusion
Finck concluded that the small clean-edged wound at the back of Kennedy's neck was a long-range entrance wound.
Bethesda Rear and Above Trajectory
Finck concluded from the cranial wound characteristics that Kennedy had been struck by a bullet fired from above and behind.
Bethesda Skull Beveling Analysis
Finck examined the skull's beveling pattern to distinguish the bullet's entrance from its exit.
Bethesda Wound Ballistics Consultation
Lieutenant Colonel Pierre A. Finck participated in the Bethesda autopsy as the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology's wound-ballistics specialist.
Bethesda Escort from Andrews
Attorney General Robert Kennedy accompanied his brother's body from Andrews Air Force Base to Bethesda Naval Hospital.
Bethesda Family Waiting Area
Robert Kennedy joined other members of the Kennedy family on the seventeenth floor while the autopsy was conducted.
Snipers Nest
Detective Studebaker failed to photograph the arrangement of cartons at the "scene of the crime," he failed also to photograph a long paper sack, said to have been found on the floor in the south-east corner, within which Lee Oswald purportedly carried a Mannlicher-Carcano rifle
Snipers Nest
It is possible that Studebakers failure to photograph the paper sack was not because of incompetence, but because it was not there
Snipers Nest
On the other hand, it is noteworthy that Tom Alyea has no recollection of the paper sack. If it had been there, he is certain that he would have recorded its presence on film.
Snipers Nest
into the TSBD.
Baker Confronts Oswald
When Baker challenged Oswald on the second floor, Truly identified Oswald as an employee of the Texas School Book Depository.
Building Layout Assistance
Truly's knowledge of the Depository's floors, elevators, stairways, and work areas helped police navigate the building during the immediate search.
Depository Employee Records
Truly assisted investigators with employment information concerning Oswald and other Texas School Book Depository workers.
Depository Entry with Baker
Immediately after the shooting, Truly entered the Texas School Book Depository with Dallas motorcycle officer Marrion Baker.
Employee Accountability Check
After the shooting, Truly began checking the whereabouts of Depository employees while police secured and searched the building.
Fifth Floor Passage
Truly and Baker passed through the upper part of the building while other Depository employees were still present on the fifth floor.
Freight Elevator Check
Truly and Baker reached the rear elevator area and found that the freight elevators were not available for their immediate ascent.
Morning Work Supervision
Truly was at work in the Texas School Book Depository on November 22 while Oswald and other employees performed their normal duties before the motorcade arrived.
Motorcade Viewing
Truly went outside the Texas School Book Depository to watch President Kennedy's motorcade pass through Dealey Plaza.
Oswald Absence Report
Truly reported Oswald's unexplained absence to Dallas police during the early investigation at the Texas School Book Depository.
Oswald Employee Identification
Truly told Baker that Oswald worked in the building, after which Baker allowed Oswald to remain and continued the search.
Oswald Identity to Police
Truly provided police with information identifying Oswald as the Depository employee who could not be accounted for after the shooting.
Oswald Missing from Building
Truly determined that Oswald was absent from the Depository after the assassination while most other employees remained or returned to the building.
Police Search Assistance
Because Truly knew the building, he guided Officer Baker through the Depository as they searched for a possible gunman.
Rear Stairway Ascent
Truly led Baker toward the rear stairway after the elevators were unavailable, and the two men continued upward through the building.
Search Continues Upstairs
After the encounter with Oswald, Truly and Baker continued toward the upper floors to search for the source of the gunfire.
Second Floor Arrival
Truly and Baker reached the second floor within a few minutes of the assassination while continuing their search of the Depository.
Second Floor Lunchroom Encounter
Truly was present when Officer Baker encountered Lee Harvey Oswald near the second-floor lunchroom shortly after the assassination.
Shots Heard in Dealey Plaza
Truly was outside the Depository when the shots were fired at President Kennedy and immediately reacted to the emergency.
Upper Floor Search
Truly assisted police as the search moved into the upper floors where officers soon found evidence connected with the shooting.
Assassination News to Marina
After learning that Kennedy had been shot, Paine told Marina that the shooting had occurred from the building where Lee Oswald worked.
Oswald Possessions Identified
Paine told investigators that most of the Oswald family's possessions were stored in her garage.
Police Arrival at Paine Home
Police officers arrived at Paine's Irving home at about 3 p.m. on November 22 to search for evidence connected with Oswald.
Rifle Question Translation
Paine translated an investigator's question asking Marina whether Oswald owned a rifle, after initially saying she herself knew of no rifle.
Texas School Book Depository
Officer who first sees Oswalds rifle behind some boxes on the 6th floor of the Texas School Book Depository
Snipers Nest
"The west end of the barricade was closed by a row of boxes that extended to the front wall.
Snipers Nest
Alyea ducked back into the sixth floor and witnessed the discovery of the "snipers nest".
Snipers Nest
Alyeas description of the arrangement of cartons around the southeast window on the sixth floor is significantly different from what is seen in photographs showing the late-afternoon "snipers nest" and the official "snipers nest." According to Alyea.
Snipers Nest
Detective Studebaker failed to photograph the arrangement of cartons at the "scene of the crime," he failed also to photograph a long paper sack, said to have been found on the floor in the south-east corner, within which Lee Oswald purportedly carried a Mannlicher-Carcano rifle into the TSBD.
Snipers Nest
It is possible that Studebakers failure to photograph the paper sack was not because of incompetence, but because it was not there.
Snipers Nest
On the other hand, it is noteworthy that Tom Alyea has no recollection of the paper sack. If it had been there, he is certain that he would have recorded its presence on film.
Snipers Nest
To the right of the double casement window."
Snipers Nest
Tom Alyea, newsreel photographer for WFAA-TV Dallas, was present in the TSBD during the search by the police. Although ordered by an officer in plain clothes to take no photographs and to return to the first floor, Mr.
Texas School Book Depository
Although ordered by an officer in plain clothes to take no photographs and to return to the first floor, Mr. Alyea ducked back into the sixth floor and witnessed the discovery of the "snipers nest".
Texas School Book Depository
Tom Alyea, newsreel photographer for WFAA-TV Dallas, was present in the TSBD during the search by the police.
Texas School Book Depository
WFAA-TV cameraman Tom Alyea is on the 6th floor of the Depository photographing the recovery Oswalds rifle.
Jenkins Resuscitation Report
Received Marion Jenkins's same-day written statement describing the resuscitative efforts for President Kennedy.
Parkland Administration
Served as administrator of Parkland Memorial Hospital during the emergency treatment of President Kennedy and Governor Connally.
Beckley Rooming House Investigation Ordered
Fritz directed officers to investigate Oswald's rooming house at 1026 North Beckley and report what they found about his residence and belongings.
Departure from Depository Questioned
Fritz asked why Oswald left work after the shooting; Oswald claimed he had spoken with foreman Bill Shelley before departing for home.
Depository Investigation Command
Fritz arrived shortly before 1:00 p.m. and took charge of the Dallas Police homicide investigation inside the Texas School Book Depository.
FBI Contact Complaint Examined
Fritz asked Oswald to explain his accusation that FBI agent James Hosty had mistreated or accosted Marina Oswald during earlier contacts.
Irving Residence Investigation Ordered
Fritz dispatched detectives to the Paine residence in Irving to investigate Oswald's family residence and search for information and property connected with him.
Kennedy Murder Complaint Signed
After reviewing the developing evidence with prosecutors, Fritz signed the complaint charging Oswald with murdering President Kennedy at 11:26 p.m.
Live Cartridge Ejected from Rifle
While Lieutenant J. C. Day held the recovered rifle by its stock, Fritz opened the bolt and ejected the live cartridge remaining in the weapon.
Mexico City Travel Questioned
During questioning attended by federal agents, Fritz's investigation addressed Oswald's foreign travel; Oswald denied having been in Mexico City.
Missing Depository Employee Report
Roy Truly told Fritz that warehouse employee Lee Harvey Oswald was missing and supplied his name, address, and general description.
O. H. Lee Registration Questioned
After officers reported the rooming-house registration, Fritz asked why Oswald was living there under the name O. H. Lee.
Oswald Assassination Alibi Questioned
Fritz asked Oswald to account for his location when the President was shot, beginning detailed questioning of his movements inside the Depository.
Political Affiliations Questioned
Fritz questioned Oswald about his political beliefs, Fair Play for Cuba Committee activity, and support for the Cuban Revolution.
Return to Police Headquarters
Fritz left the Depository after receiving Oswald's details and returned to headquarters so detectives could locate the missing employee.
Revolver Possession Questioned
Fritz asked Oswald why he had been carrying the revolver seized during his arrest at the Texas Theatre.
Revolver Purchase Account Questioned
Fritz questioned Oswald about the revolver's origin after Oswald claimed that he had bought the weapon in Fort Worth.
Rifle Identification Recorded
Fritz and Lieutenant Day examined the recovered weapon as its serial number C2766 and 6.5-millimeter Italian markings were recorded.
Rifle Scene Supervision
Fritz supervised the examination of the rifle after officers found it concealed among boxes on the sixth floor and waited for photographs before it was handled.
Right to Counsel Discussed
When Oswald asked about an attorney, Fritz told him he could obtain counsel and use the jail telephone to contact the lawyer he wanted.
Second-Floor Encounter Questioned
Fritz questioned Oswald about his movements after lunch, including his account of obtaining a Coca-Cola and encountering a police officer on the second floor.
Sniper's Nest Evidence Preservation
After cartridge cases were located near the southeast sixth-floor window, Fritz ordered that nothing be moved until crime-scene technicians photographed and examined the area.
Theatre Suspect Linked to Depository
At headquarters, Fritz learned that the man arrested at the Texas Theatre was the same Lee Harvey Oswald reported missing from the Depository.
Tippit Murder Complaint Signed
Fritz signed the complaint charging Oswald with the murder of Patrolman J. D. Tippit shortly before the 7:10 p.m. arraignment.
Parkland Standby Alert
Radioed that Parkland Hospital should stand by because the President appeared to have been hit.
Bus Passenger Lineup Identification
McWatters selected Oswald from a lineup as resembling a passenger from his bus, an identification he later acknowledged had been mistaken.
Rifle Discovery Confirmed
Weitzman was with Boone when the concealed rifle was discovered and left the weapon untouched while Dallas Police crime-scene personnel were summoned.
Rifle Located Among Cartons
Boone discovered the scoped bolt-action rifle between rows of boxes near the northwest stairway at approximately 1:22 p.m.
Sniper's Nest Guarded
After finding the cartridge cases, Mooney remained at the sixth-floor position to prevent the evidence from being disturbed before crime-scene technicians arrived.
Three Cartridge Cases Discovered
Mooney located three empty cartridge cases near the southeast sixth-floor window and recognized the surrounding cartons as a probable firing position.
Rooming House Register Examined
Senkel helped inspect the rooming-house register, where investigators found that Oswald had been staying under the name O. H. Lee.
Revolver Seized During Theatre Struggle
Carroll grabbed the revolver during the struggle with Oswald and secured the weapon in his belt while other officers completed the arrest.
Empty Rifle Blanket Examined
After Marina identified the storage place, detectives lifted the rolled blanket in the garage and found that the rifle was no longer inside.
Marina Asked About Rifle
With Ruth Paine translating, Rose asked Marina Oswald whether her husband owned a rifle, prompting Marina to indicate the blanket where it had been stored.
Paine Residence Search Begins
Rose joined Stovall and Adamcik in the investigation at Ruth Paine's residence after Fritz sent detectives to examine property associated with Oswald.
Oswald Identification Obtained During Transport
During the trip from the theatre to police headquarters, Bentley examined identification from Oswald's wallet after the prisoner initially refused to provide his name.
Oswald Property Collected in Irving
Stovall participated in collecting documents, film, correspondence, and other possessions from the Paine residence for examination by investigators.
Beckley Rooming House Checked
Potts went with other homicide officers to Oswald's rooming house and examined the registration records while interviewing the women who operated the residence.
O. H. Lee Alias Reported to Fritz
Potts reported the O. H. Lee registration back to Fritz, giving the interrogation team another identity detail to question Oswald about.
Beckley Residence Investigation
Cunningham joined Potts and Senkel in checking Oswald's Dallas lodging and gathering information about his occupancy and movements.
Arrest Revolver Marked
McDonald placed his identifying mark on the revolver taken during Oswald's arrest so the weapon could later be recognized as evidence.
Oswald Confronted in Theatre
McDonald approached Oswald's seat and ordered him to stand as officers closed in on the suspect identified by Brewer.
Struggle During Arrest
Oswald struck McDonald and a close struggle began as the patrolman and other officers attempted to control and disarm him.
Texas Theatre Rear Entry
McDonald entered the theatre from the rear with other officers after the radio call reported a suspicious man inside.
Theatre Patrons Checked
McDonald moved through the main-floor seating area checking patrons while officers searched both levels of the theatre.
Theatre Arrest Transport
Hill accompanied the police transport carrying Oswald from the Texas Theatre to headquarters after the Oak Cliff arrest.
Shipping Paper Sample Marked
Studebaker marked the paper and tape samples collected from the first-floor shipping department to preserve their source identification.
Sniper's Nest Photographic Record
Studebaker helped create the photographic record of the sixth-floor firing area, including the cartons and surrounding crime scene.
Cardioscope Connection
Helped connect the cardioscope used to monitor President Kennedy's cardiac activity.
Respiratory Assistance
Assisted with respiratory management while Kennedy was changed from an endotracheal tube to a tracheostomy tube.
Resuscitative Equipment Response
Was dispatched with Jackie Hunt and an anesthesia machine when the emergency alert was received.
Connally Wrist Debridement
Enlarged, cleansed, and closed the palm-side wrist wound while leaving the back wound partly open for drainage.
Connally Wrist Fracture
Set the fracture in Governor Connally's right wrist and applied a cast with traction.
Connally Wrist Operation
Operated on Governor Connally's right-wrist wounds during the afternoon of November 22.
Orthopedic Operation Timing
Performed the wrist operation from approximately 4:00 p.m. to 4:50 p.m.
Airway Management
Inserted a cuffed endotracheal tube past the neck injury and connected it to assisted ventilation.
Back Examination Priority
Explained that life-threatening airway and circulation problems prevented a full examination of Kennedy's back during resuscitation.
Emergency Notification
Was working in the emergency area when notified that President Kennedy was being brought to Parkland Hospital.
First Parkland Physician
Was the first physician to see President Kennedy at Parkland Hospital after the motorcade arrived.
Hydrocortisone Administration
Administered hydrocortisone because of President Kennedy's known adrenal insufficiency.
Initial Life Assessment
Concluded from the initial examination that President Kennedy was still alive when he arrived at Parkland Hospital.
Initial Vital Assessment
Observed Kennedy's ashen color, agonal respiration, dilated unreactive pupils, no palpable pulse, and faint chest sounds on arrival.
Neck and Head Wounds
Observed a small wound in the lower front of Kennedy's neck and an extensive wound to the head.
Right Leg Cutdown
Performed a cutdown on Kennedy's right leg so blood and fluids could be infused.
Chest Tube Procedure
Helped initiate chest-tube treatment after free air and blood were detected in Kennedy's chest cavity.
Connally Thigh Operation
Later assisted George Shires in treating Governor Connally's left-thigh gunshot wound.
Connally Wound Closure
Participated in cleansing and suturing Governor Connally's thigh wound while a small metallic fragment remained in the leg.
Trauma Room One Response
Arrived with Malcolm Perry and Robert McClelland during the emergency treatment of President Kennedy.
Oral Surgery Emergency Response
Responded to the Parkland emergency area as an oral surgeon after notice that President Kennedy was en route.
Anesthesiology Emergency Response
Was one of the anesthesiologists summoned to the Parkland emergency area before Kennedy arrived.
Respiratory Transition Assistance
Assisted with respiratory problems during the transition from the endotracheal tube to a tracheostomy tube.
Trauma Room Resuscitation
Participated in the respiratory component of the resuscitation effort in trauma room 1.
Connally Thigh Cleansing
Cleaned the puncture wound in Governor Connally's left thigh as part of the operative treatment.
Connally Thigh Closure
Closed Governor Connally's thigh wound with sutures.
Connally Thigh Operation
Led the treatment of Governor Connally's left-thigh gunshot wound while the wrist operation was in progress.
Retained Metallic Fragment
Treated the thigh wound while a small metallic fragment remained in Governor Connally's leg.
Anesthesia Equipment Response
Carried resuscitative and anesthesia equipment to the major surgical emergency area after the stat alarm.
Anesthesiology Team Response
Served as one of the anesthesiologists called to the Parkland emergency area for Kennedy's treatment.
Cardiac Monitoring
Helped connect the cardioscope used during President Kennedy's resuscitation.
Connally Wrist Surgery Assistance
Assisted Charles Gregory during the operation on Governor Connally's right wrist.
Chest Tube Request
After noting free air and blood in Kennedy's chest cavity, requested insertion of chest tubes.
Emergency Tracheotomy
Performed an emergency tracheotomy to establish an effective airway for President Kennedy.
Femoral Pulse Check
Checked for a femoral pulse and did not find one during the initial resuscitation.
Neck Wound Assessment
Described the small neck wound but stated that its appearance alone did not establish whether it was an entrance or exit wound.
Press Conference Qualification
Later explained that his Parkland press-conference comments about possible wound paths were speculative rather than a definitive professional conclusion.
Tracheotomy Duration
Estimated that the emergency tracheotomy took approximately three to five minutes.
Trauma Room Leadership
Assumed direction of President Kennedy's treatment shortly after arriving in trauma room 1.
Anesthesia Team Dispatch
Dispatched Adolph Giesecke and Jackie Hunt with an anesthesia machine and resuscitative equipment to the emergency area.
Cranial Injury Observation
Recorded extensive cranial and intracranial damage observed during the resuscitation.
Resuscitation Assessment
Concluded that resuscitative methods had been instituted rapidly and efficiently but that the cranial damage was irreversible.
Resuscitation Statement
Prepared a same-day written statement for Parkland administrator Charles Jack Price describing the resuscitative effort.
Stat Alarm Response
Responded immediately after receiving the stat alarm that President Kennedy was being brought to Parkland Hospital.
Ventilation Control
Changed Kennedy from intermittent positive-pressure breathing equipment to an anesthesia machine for better control of artificial ventilation.
Chest Drainage Treatment
Participated in the procedure intended to drain blood and air from Kennedy's chest cavity.
Emergency Urology Response
Responded to trauma room 1 as the urological surgeon among the Parkland emergency team.
Right Chest Tube Assistance
Assisted with insertion of a right chest tube during President Kennedy's resuscitation.
Connally Thigh Surgery Assistance
Assisted George Shires during treatment of Governor Connally's left-thigh wound.
Connally Emergency Treatment
Provided early emergency care for Connally before the thoracic surgical team assumed control.
Initial Connally Examination
Was one of the first physicians to examine Governor Connally after his arrival at Parkland Hospital.
Trauma Room Two Care
Remained with Governor Connally in trauma room 2 when Charles Carrico left to help treat President Kennedy.
Connally Thigh Surgery
Assisted George Shires in the operation on Governor Connally's left-thigh wound.
Dual Parkland Treatment Role
Participated in the emergency treatment of President Kennedy and later in operative treatment of Governor Connally at Parkland.
Tracheotomy Assistance
Entered trauma room 1 during resuscitation and assisted Malcolm Perry with President Kennedy's tracheotomy.
Connally Back Wound Repair
Treated the Governor's back wound by removing damaged tissue and suturing muscle and skin.
Connally Chest Operation
Began surgery on Governor Connally's chest at approximately 1:35 p.m.
Connally Trauma Room Arrival
Arrived in trauma room 2 at approximately 12:45 p.m. to take charge of Governor Connally's thoracic injuries.
Damaged Lung Repair
Sutured damaged lung tissue and lacerated muscles during Connally's chest operation.
Thoracic Operation Completion
Completed the principal chest and back operation on Governor Connally at approximately 3:20 p.m.
Thoracic Surgery Leadership
Took charge of Connally's care because the Governor's major chest wound fell within Shaw's thoracic-surgery specialty.
Circulatory Access
Helped establish vascular access used during the attempt to restore and maintain Kennedy's circulation.
Emergency Surgical Response
Was among the Parkland surgeons summoned to the emergency area before the presidential limousine arrived.
Left Arm Cutdown
Performed a cutdown on President Kennedy's left arm to permit infusion of blood and fluids.
Cardiotachyscope Activity
Observed some electrical activity on the cardiotachyscope while resuscitation was underway.
Closed Chest Cardiac Massage
Performed manual closed-chest cardiac compression during the effort to maintain President Kennedy's circulation.
Emergency Neurological Response
Responded to the Parkland emergency as the hospital's chief neurologist.
Fatal Injury Determination
Made the official death determination because the severe head injury, the ultimate cause of death, was within his neurological specialty.
Head Wound Observation
Observed a large gaping wound in the right rear of Kennedy's head with extensive brain injury and blood loss.
No Second Visible Head Hole
Reported that he did not see another distinct hole in Kennedy's head during Parkland treatment.
Pronouncement of Death
Pronounced President Kennedy dead at approximately 1:00 p.m. at Parkland Hospital.
Connally Wrist Surgery Assistance
Assisted Charles Gregory during the operation on Governor Connally's right wrist.
Parkland Memorial Hospital
Dr. Burkley observes both the head wound and a wound to the back of the President, and determines the head wound was the cause of death
Parkland Arrival With Governor
Arrived at Parkland Hospital supporting the wounded Governor Connally, who had been lying in her arms during the race from Dealey Plaza.
Parkland Arrival Consciousness
Regained consciousness when the presidential limousine stopped abruptly at Parkland's emergency entrance.
Trauma Room Two Transfer
Was lifted onto a stretcher and taken into Parkland trauma room 2 for treatment of his gunshot wounds.
Carton Prints Processed
Day's crime-scene work included processing cartons around the southeast sixth-floor window for latent fingerprints and palmprints.
Cartridge Cases Photographed
Day photographed the three cartridge cases in their original sixth-floor positions before investigators moved or collected them.
Paper Bag Examined
Day examined the long handmade paper bag found near the southeast sixth-floor window and preserved it as evidence from the suspected firing position.
Rifle Palmprint Developed
Day developed and lifted a palmprint from the underside of the rifle barrel during laboratory examination of the assassination weapon.
Rifle Photographed in Place
Day documented the rifle where it lay between cartons before officers lifted the weapon from its concealed position.
Rifle Surface Checked for Prints
Day examined the bolt knob and wooden stock for usable fingerprints before handling the rifle and determined that those surfaces yielded no identifiable prints.
Rifle Taken into Evidence
Day retained possession of the rifle after its removal from the Depository and transported it to Dallas Police headquarters for further examination.
Wrapping Paper Samples Collected
Day directed collection of paper and tape samples from the Depository shipping area so they could be compared with the long paper bag.
Fingerprints and Palmprints Taken
Dallas Police identification personnel took Oswald's fingerprints and palmprints during his first evening in custody for comparison with recovered evidence.
Paraffin Tests Administered
Dallas Police administered paraffin tests to Oswald's hands and right cheek in an attempt to detect residues associated with recently firing a weapon.
Pre-Lineup Pocket Search
Before the first identification lineup, police searched Oswald and removed five cartridges and additional personal property from his pockets.
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
After Air Force One lands at Andrews Air Force Base, just outside Washington, D.C., Kennedys body is taken to Bethesda Naval Hospital for an immediate autopsy
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
At 1:00 p.m., CST (19:00 UTC), after all heart activity had ceased and after a priest administered the last rites, the President is pronounced dead. Assassinated while on a Presidential campaign
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
A few minutes after 2:00 p.m. CST (20:00 UTC), and after a confrontation between Dallas police and Secret Service agents, Kennedys body is placed in a casket and taken from Parkland Hospital and driven to Air Force One
Autopsy
After Air Force One lands at Andrews Air Force Base, just outside Washington, D.C., Kennedys body is taken to Bethesda Naval Hospital for an immediate autopsy
Autopsy
The body is removed before a forensic examination can be conducted by the Dallas County coroner, which violated Texas state law (the murder was a state crime, and occurred under Texas legal jurisdiction)
Badge Man
The Warren Commission later concludes that Lee Harvey Oswald is the lone assassin
Death of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
At 1:00 p.m., CST (19:00 UTC), after all heart activity had ceased and after a priest administered the last rites, the President is pronounced dead. A few minutes after 2:00 p.m. CST (20:00 UTC), and after a confrontation between Dallas police and Secret Service agents, Kennedys body is placed in a casket and taken from Parkland Hospital and driven to Air Force One
Lone Assassin
The Warren Commission later concludes that Lee Harvey Oswald is the lone assassin
Parkland Memorial Hospital
At 1:00 p.m., CST (19:00 UTC), after all heart activity had ceased and after a priest administered the last rites, the President is pronounced dead. A few minutes after 2:00 p.m.
Parkland Memorial Hospital
CST (20:00 UTC), and after a confrontation between Dallas police and Secret Service agents, Kennedys body is placed in a casket and taken from Parkland Hospital and driven to Air Force One
Parkland Memorial Hospital
The Very Rev. Oscar L. Huber, the priest who administered the last rites to Kennedy told The New York Times that the President was already dead by the time he had arrived at the hospital.
Warren Commission
The Warren Commission later concludes that Lee Harvey Oswald is the lone assassin
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
At 2:38 p.m. Johnson takes the oath of office on board Air Force One just before it departed Love Field
Oath of Office
Johnson takes the oath of office on board Air Force One just before it departed Love Field
Oath
At 2:38 p.m. Johnson takes the oath of office on board Air Force One just before it departed Love Field
Jacqueline Kennedy Departure Request
Tried to persuade Jacqueline Kennedy to leave the Parkland treatment area after President Kennedy had been pronounced dead.
Johnson Departure Advice
Advised Vice President Johnson at Parkland Hospital to go to Love Field and return to Washington.
Vice President Parkland Security Room
Joined the group of officials and Secret Service agents protecting Vice President Johnson inside Parkland Hospital.
Parkland Family Visits
Left the protected Parkland room with Secret Service agents to see Jacqueline Kennedy and Nellie Connally.
Protective Cover at Parkland
Removed his suit jacket and covered Kennedy's head and upper chest at the Parkland emergency entrance to prevent photographs.
Kennedy Stretcher Transfer
Helped lift President Kennedy from the limousine onto a stretcher for movement into Parkland trauma room 1.
White House Notification From Parkland
Telephoned the head of the White House detail from Parkland Hospital to report the assassination.
Johnson Family Protection
Arranged through Secret Service headquarters for immediate protection of Vice President Johnson's daughters after the shooting.
Parkland Departure Protection
Accompanied Johnson's protected departure from Parkland and instructed him to remain below window level during the drive to Love Field.
Kennedy Stretcher Transfer
Helped lift President Kennedy from the presidential limousine onto the Parkland stretcher.
Kennedy Stretcher Transfer
Helped Roy Kellerman and William Greer lift President Kennedy onto a stretcher and move him into trauma room 1.
Parkland Emergency Entrance
Jumped from the lead car at Parkland Hospital and rushed into the emergency entrance as stretchers were brought out.
Parkland Perimeter Security
Made certain Dallas police kept the public and press away from the immediate Parkland Hospital area.
Oswald Pointed Out to Police
Brewer met the officers inside the theatre and identified the man he had followed from the nearby shoe store as the suspicious patron.
Texas Theatre Police Call
Postal telephoned police after learning that a man had entered the theatre without buying a ticket while patrol cars were searching the Oak Cliff area.
Tippit Lineup Identification
Markham viewed a Dallas Police lineup and identified Oswald as the man she had seen shoot Patrolman Tippit.
Gunman Flight Lineup Identification
Barbara Davis identified Oswald in a police lineup as the armed man she had seen crossing the lawn near the Tippit shooting scene.
Patton Gunman Lineup Identification
Guinyard selected Oswald from the lineup as the armed man he had observed running away from the Tippit shooting area.
Patton Avenue Lineup Identification
Callaway identified Oswald in a Dallas Police lineup as the man he had watched run south on Patton Avenue carrying a revolver.
Second Davis Lineup Identification
Virginia Davis separately selected Oswald in the lineup as the man she had seen fleeing while carrying and emptying a revolver.
Kennedy Death Notification at Parkland
Was informed at approximately 1:20 p.m. while at Parkland Hospital that President Kennedy was dead.
Death Announcement Delay
Agreed with Vice President Johnson at Parkland that public release of Kennedy's death would wait until Johnson had left the hospital.
Cartridge Cases Heard
Norman reports hearing sounds like spent cartridge cases striking the sixth-floor surface above his position.
Fifth-Floor Position
Norman watches the presidential motorcade from the southeast corner window on the fifth floor with James Jarman and Bonnie Ray Williams.
Post-Shooting Report
After leaving the fifth floor, Norman and James Jarman report their experience after seeing witness Howard Brennan speaking with a police officer outside the building.
Rifle Bolt Sound
Norman reports hearing the mechanical sound of a rifle bolt operating on the floor directly above him after the shots.
Claimed Encounter with Jack Ruby
Kantor states that Jack Ruby stops him briefly near the main entrance of Parkland Hospital shortly after the assassination.
Coattail Tug
Kantor recalls that Ruby attracts his attention by tugging at the back of his jacket as Kantor walks through the hospital entrance.
Entry into Parkland Hospital
After completing his telephone call, Kantor says he walks toward the main entrance of Parkland Hospital.
Parkland Telephone Call
Kantor makes a long-distance telephone call from Parkland Hospital to his Washington office between about 1:02 and 1:27 p.m.
Recognition of Jack Ruby
Kantor says he immediately recognizes Ruby because he had known him previously while working as a journalist in Dallas.
Ruby Conversation
Kantor recalls Ruby asking whether he should close his establishments for the next three nights following Kennedy's shooting.
Election
Flies to the family home in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, to tell his stroke-afflicted father the news
Death of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Death of John F Kennedy
FBI
Receives the New Orleans FBI files & papers on Oswald
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Detective Walthers asked Tague where he had been standing, they discover on the upper part of the Main Street south curb a "very fresh scar" impact that looked like a bullet had struck there and taken a small chip out of the curbs concrete
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Forensic tests by the FBI reveal that the chipped bullet mark impact location did not have any copper metal residue, such as those required by the 6.5 mm military jacketed copper encased bullets, allegedly, fired from the Texas Book Depository.
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Soon after the shots were fired Tague was approached by a Dallas sheriff detective, Buddy Walthers, who had noticed that Tague had specks of blood on his right facial cheek.
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Tague later testifies that the first shot he recalled hearing occurred after the Presidential limousine had already completed the 120-degree slow turn from Houston Street onto Elm Street and then straightened out.
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Walthers tells Tague it looked like a bullet had been fired from one of the Houston and Elm Streets intersection buildings and had hit the curb.
FBI
Forensic tests by the FBI reveal that the chipped bullet mark impact location did not have any copper metal residue, such as those required by the 6.5 mm military jacketed copper encased bullets, allegedly, fired from the Texas Book Depository
Assassination of Jefferson Davis Tippit
Acquilla Clemons lived on the north side of Tenth Street in Dallas, Clemons was sitting on the porch of her house when she saw Officer J. D. Tippit killed.
Assassination of Jefferson Davis Tippit
Testifies that the Tippit gunman was a "short guy and kind of heavy", the other man was tall and thin in khaki trousers and a white shirt.
Assassination of Jefferson Davis Tippit
the Dallas Police warned her not to repeat this story to others or "she might get hurt".
Assassination of Jefferson Davis Tippit
Barbara Jeanette Davis and her sister-in-law Virginia Davis heard the shots that killed Tippit and see the Oswald crossing their lawn and shaking a revolver as if he were emptying it of cartridge cases
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Claims the 1st shot was when Kennedys car turned from Houston onto Elm
Texas School Book Depository
Claims to have heard three gunshots come from directly over their head in the Texas School Book Depository Building , and that plaster dust fell from the ceiling
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Claims the 1st shot was when Kennedys car turned from Houston onto Elm
Galveston Visit
Ferrie and his companions traveled from Houston to Galveston on November 23 during the Texas trip that investigators later examined.
Jack Martin Allegation
Jack Martin told the New Orleans District Attorney's office that former Eastern Airlines pilot David Ferrie might have aided Lee Harvey Oswald in the assassination.
Assassination of Jefferson Davis Tippit
Witness to the assassination of Tippit by Lee Harvey Oswald
Assassination of Jefferson Davis Tippit
Frank Wright claims that Tippit was shot by two men
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Claims the 1st shot was when Kennedys car turned from Houston onto Elm
Texas School Book Depository
Claims to have heard three gunshots come from directly over their head in the Texas School Book Depository Building , and that plaster dust fell from the ceiling
Assassination of Jefferson Davis Tippit
Markham identifies Lee Harvey Oswald as Tippits killer in a police lineup. Helen Markham at first describes Tippits killer as being short and somewhat on the heavy side, with slightly bushy hair". Although considered the star witness, her testimony was full of mistakes, she said Tippit was alive when the ambulance arrived, but the other witnesses say he died immediately
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Police radio a description of Oswald based on Brennans description. Claims the 1st shot was when Kennedys car turned from Houston onto Elm. Brennan gives a description of the assassin which was broadcast to all Dallas police at 12:45 p.m., 12:48 p.m., and 12:55 p.m
Mexico and Cuba Questions
Fritz's interrogation covered Oswald's political associations and foreign travel as investigators examined his recent Mexico City contacts.
Dallas Times-Herald Visit
Around 4 a.m., Ruby visited the Dallas Times-Herald composing room, discussed seeing Oswald at the press conference, and spoke about closing his clubs.
David Johnston Introduction
Ruby introduced himself to Justice of the Peace David L. Johnston after the press conference and gave Johnston a Carousel Club business card.
Dealey Plaza Visit
Ruby said he visited Dealey Plaza on November 23, viewed memorial wreaths, and spoke with a police officer about the Texas School Book Depository.
Fair Play for Cuba Correction
During the Oswald press conference, Ruby joined reporters in correcting District Attorney Henry Wade when Wade mistakenly referred to the "Free Cuba Committee."
Free Cuba Committee Correction
At Oswald's press appearance, Ruby corrected District Attorney Henry Wade when Wade mistakenly referred to the Fair Play for Cuba Committee as the Free Cuba Committee.
Henry Wade Introduction
After the press conference, Ruby approached District Attorney Henry Wade, identified himself, and reminded Wade that he operated the Vegas Club.
Henry Wade Radio Interview
Ruby helped KLIF obtain a telephone interview with District Attorney Henry Wade by locating Wade at police headquarters and bringing him to the telephone.
Heroism Radio Script
After leaving KLIF, Ruby showed reporter Russ Knight a "Life Line" radio script titled "Heroism" and discussed political hostility toward President Kennedy in Dallas.
Kay Coleman and Harry Olsen
Early on November 23, Ruby spent about an hour talking with dancer Kay Helen Coleman and Dallas police officer Harry Olsen about the assassination.
Oswald Press Conference
Around midnight, Ruby attended the Dallas police press conference where Lee Harvey Oswald briefly appeared before reporters and television cameras.
Post Office Box Inquiry
Ruby visited a post office seeking the identity of the person renting a box listed on an "Impeach Earl Warren" billboard, but an employee refused to provide the information.
Sols Turf Bar
At Sol's Turf Bar, Ruby argued about Dallas and the assassination and displayed photographs of the "Impeach Earl Warren" billboard he had investigated.
East Room Lying in Repose
President Kennedy's casket lay in repose in the White House East Room while Jacqueline Kennedy and the family observed private mourning rites.
Funeral Arrangement Notes
Jacqueline Kennedy prepared handwritten notes on funeral arrangements that are preserved in the Kennedy Library's assassination collections.
Lincoln Funeral Precedent
Mrs. Kennedy looked to Abraham Lincoln's funeral for precedent when shaping the ceremonial arrangements for President Kennedy's state funeral.
Return to White House
After the overnight medical examination at Bethesda, Mrs. Kennedy returned to the White House as preparations for the state funeral continued.
State Funeral Planning
Jacqueline Kennedy took an active role in planning the state funeral, drawing on historical precedent and ceremonial traditions.
Bethesda Malcolm Perry Telephone Call
Early on November 23, Humes telephoned Dr. Malcolm Perry and learned that Perry had used the existing throat wound for the tracheotomy incision.
Bethesda Parkland Tracheotomy Inquiry
Humes sought confirmation from Parkland Hospital that a tracheotomy had been performed through the wound on the front of Kennedy's neck.
Bethesda Throat Exit Confirmation
Perry's information confirmed Humes's conclusion that the neck bullet had exited through the front of Kennedy's throat.
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
James Tague, a spectator and witness to the assassination, recieves a minor wound to his right cheek while standing 270 feet (82 m) in front of where Kennedy is shot
Assassination of Jefferson Davis Tippit
As he reached the front wheel on the drivers side, Oswald drew a revolver and fired several shots in rapid succession, hitting Tippit three times in the chest. then walked up to Tippits body and shot him directly in the head, killing him instantly
Assassination of Jefferson Davis Tippit
At 12:45 p.m., 15 minutes after the assassination, Tippit received an order by radio to proceed to the central Oak Cliff area as part of a concentration of patrol car activity around the centre of the city.
Assassination of Jefferson Davis Tippit
At 1:11-1:14 p.m.Tippit was driving slowly in an easterly direction on East 10th Street in Oak Cliff. About 100 feet (30 m) past the intersection of 10th Street and Patton Avenue, Tippit pulled up alongside Oswald, who was walking in the same direction.
Assassination of Jefferson Davis Tippit
Police officer with the Dallas, Texas Police Department who, according to witnesses and Government investigations including the Warren Commission, was shot and killed by Lee Harvey Oswald after Tippit stopped Oswald following the Kennedy assassination.
Scoggins Lineup Identification
William Scoggins viewed a police lineup on November 23 and identified Oswald as the man he had seen near the Tippit shooting.
Bethesda Burial Preparation Completed
Preparation of President Kennedy's body for burial was completed at approximately 4 a.m. on November 23.
Bethesda Departure for White House
After the burial preparation was completed, President Kennedy's body left Bethesda for the White House East Room.
Grassy Knoll
At the moment of the assassination, Bowers was operating the Union Terminal Companys two-story interlocking tower, overlooking the parking lot just north of the grassy knoll and west of the Texas School Book Depository.
Grassy Knoll
Lee Bowers, a railroad switchman sitting in two-story tower has an unobstructed view of the rear of the stockade fence atop the grassy knoll during the shooting.
Grassy Knoll
has an unobstructed view of the rear of the concrete pergola and the stockade fence at the top of the grassy knoll.
Texas School Book Depository
At the moment of the assassination, Bowers was operating the Union Terminal Companys two-story interlocking tower, overlooking the parking lot just north of the grassy knoll and west of the Texas School Book Depository, has an unobstructed view of the rear of the concrete pergola and the stockade fence at the top of the grassy knoll
Triple Underpass
At the moment of the assassination Bowers was operating the Union Terminal Companys two-story interlocking tower overlooking the parking lot just north of the grassy knoll and west of the Texas School Book Depository
Triple Underpass
Sees four men between his tower and Elm Street a middle-aged man and a younger man standing 10 to 15 feet apart near the Triple Underpass who did not seem to know each other
Triple Underpass
and one or two uniformed parking lot attendants.
Triple Underpass
has an unobstructed view of the rear of the concrete pergola and the stockade fence at the top of the grassy knoll
John Abt Lawyer Request
While in custody, Oswald sought New York attorney John Abt to represent him and declined an immediate Dallas Bar Association offer of counsel.
Saturday Interrogations
Investigators questioned Oswald during three interrogation sessions on November 23, totaling about three hours.
Grassy Knoll
Ochus Campbell, the vicepresident of the Texas School Book Depository Company, was standing with Roy Truly on the north side of Elm Street, about 30 feet from the front entrance to the Texas School Book Depository. Campbell says he ran toward a grassy knoll to the west of the building, where he thought the sniper had hidden
Texas School Book Depository
Ochus Campbell, the vicepresident of the Texas School Book Depository Company, was standing with Roy Truly on the north side of Elm Street, about 30 feet from the front entrance to the Texas School Book Depository. Campbell says he ran toward a grassy knoll to the west of the building, where he thought the sniper had hidden
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
It is decided that Kennedy and his party, including his wife, Jacqueline Kennedy, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, Governor John Connally and Ralph Yarborough, would travel in a procession of cars through the business district of Dallas
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Claims the 1st shot was when Kennedys car turned from Houston onto Elm
Assassination of Jefferson Davis Tippit
Warren Reynolds did not see the Tippit shooting but saw the gunman running from the scene of the crime, he claimed that the man was not Oswald
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Driver of Kennedys limousine
Assassination of Jefferson Davis Tippit
Witness to the assassination of Officer Tippit. Identifies Oswald at the lineup for killing Officer Tippit
Backyard Photograph Confrontation
Fritz showed Oswald a photograph recovered under search warrant depicting him holding a rifle and pistol; Oswald claimed the image had been altered.
Bus Journey Reconstructed
Fritz questioned Oswald about leaving downtown by bus and examined the bus transfer found among his possessions.
Curtain Rod Account Challenged
Fritz challenged Oswald about Buell Wesley Frazier's statement that Oswald had explained his unusual Thursday trip to Irving by mentioning curtain rods.
Long Package Account Challenged
Fritz questioned Oswald about the long package seen by Frazier and Linnie Mae Randle; Oswald denied carrying such a package to work.
Rifle Ownership Confrontation
Fritz confronted Oswald with information linking him to a rifle purchased under the Hidell name; Oswald continued denying ownership of the weapon.
Taxicab Journey Admitted
When Fritz asked about a taxi, Oswald acknowledged leaving the stalled bus, taking a cab toward Oak Cliff, and paying an eighty-five-cent fare.
Backyard Photographs Recovered
Rose and fellow officers recovered photographs showing Oswald holding a rifle and pistol among the effects examined under the search warrant.
Irving Property Inventory Prepared
Stovall's team documented property taken from the Paine garage, including photographs, film, correspondence, books, and other papers connected with Oswald.
Paine Garage Warrant Search
Stovall participated in the warrant search of Oswald's stored effects in the Paine garage as investigators sought additional physical and documentary evidence.
Paine Search Warrant Obtained
Moore joined Stovall and Rose in obtaining a search warrant for Oswald's effects stored at the Paine residence in Irving.
Fingernail and Hair Samples Collected
With Oswald's consent, Dallas Police identification personnel collected fingernail scrapings and hair specimens for possible forensic comparison.
Saturday Evening Interrogation Session
Police brought Oswald back to Fritz's office for an evening interrogation that included renewed questioning about the rifle photographs and related evidence.
FBI Impersonation Memorandum
An FBI memorandum raises the possibility that someone other than Oswald contacted the Soviet Embassy in Mexico City after agents question the identification.
Johnson Vietnam Policy Conference
At President Johnson's early Vietnam policy conference, McCone gave a less optimistic assessment than other officials and questioned favorable forecasts from Saigon.
Hammond Stay
Ferrie drove to Hammond, Louisiana, and spent the night with a friend before surrendering to the New Orleans District Attorney's office the next day.
Martin Allegation Notification
While returning toward New Orleans, Ferrie learned from attorney G. Wray Gill that Jack Martin had implicated him in the Kennedy assassination.
Return to Residence
After returning to New Orleans, Ferrie sent Alvin Beauboeuf into his residence, where authorities had detained Beauboeuf and Ferrie's roommate Layton Martens.
Marxist Beliefs and Cuba
Fritz questioned Oswald about communism and Marxism; Oswald described his political views and discussed his Fair Play for Cuba position.
Arrest of Jack Ruby
Arrested for the assassination of Lee Harvey Oswald
Assassination of Lee Harvey Oswald
When Ruby was arrested immediately after the shooting, he told several witnesses that he helped the city of Dallas "redeem" itself in the eyes of the public, and that Oswalds death would spare Jacqueline Kennedy the ordeal of appearing at Oswalds trial. Carlin phones Ruby for him to wire her $25, had she not phoned, Ruby would not have been in downtown Dallas. Assassinates Lee Harvey Oswald
Pago Club Visit
After midnight, Ruby visited the Pago Club, ordered a Coke, and questioned why the establishment remained open while the city mourned President Kennedy.
Capitol Procession
Mrs. Kennedy accompanied the Kennedy family during ceremonies transferring President Kennedy's casket from the White House to the United States Capitol.
Capitol Rotunda Ceremony
Jacqueline Kennedy attended the ceremony as President Kennedy's casket was placed in the Capitol Rotunda to lie in state.
Lying in State Departure
Mrs. Kennedy departed the Capitol with members of the Kennedy family after the formal lying-in-state ceremony.
Note Memorandum Destroyed
Hosty later stated that a memorandum concerning Oswald's note was destroyed along with the original note after Oswald's death.
Death of Lee Harvey Oswald
Lee Harvey Oswald was declared dead at Parkland Memorial Hospital at 1:07 p.m. on November 24, 1963, after being shot by Jack Ruby.
Police Basement Transfer
Dallas police brought Oswald into the basement on November 24 for his announced transfer to the county jail.
Shooting by Jack Ruby
Jack Ruby shot Oswald in the Dallas police basement at about 11:21 a.m. on November 24, 1963, during his transfer to the county jail.
Sunday Final Interrogation
Oswald underwent a final period of questioning on November 24 before his planned transfer from the city jail to the county jail.
Final Interrogation Extended
Fritz continued questioning beyond the planned transfer time because Oswald was still answering some questions and investigators hoped to obtain further information.
Hidell Identity Challenged
Fritz confronted Oswald again with the Alek J. Hidell identification card while investigators examined the relationship between the alias and weapons purchases.
Marxist Beliefs Questioned
Fritz asked whether Oswald was a Communist; Oswald described himself instead as a Marxist and discussed his Fair Play for Cuba views.
Photograph Location Questioned
During the final morning interrogation, Fritz repeatedly asked Oswald to identify where the backyard rifle photograph had been taken, but Oswald refused.
Sunday Final Custody Questioning
Oswald was brought from jail to Fritz's office for the final questioning session attended by Dallas detectives and federal investigators before the planned transfer.
Zapruder Film
Zapruder sells the original film and its print, television, and motion picture rights to Life magazine for $150,000, divided into six annual payments of $25,000. Zapruder donated his first $25,000 payment to Tippits widow
Arrest of David Ferrie
Ferrie surrendered to the New Orleans District Attorney's office and was arrested on suspicion of involvement in President Kennedy's assassination.
Arrest of David Ferrie
David Ferrie is turned him over to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which interviewed Ferrie and Martin on November 25.
Arrest of David Ferrie
Nevertheless, the FBI interviewed Ferrie twice about Martins allegations.
Arrest of David Ferrie
The FBI also interviewed about twenty other persons in connection with the allegations, said that it was unable to develop a substantial case against Ferrie, and released him with an apology.
Arrest of Jack Martin
Jack Martin told the FBI that Ferrie might have hypnotized Oswald into assassinating Kennedy.
Arrest of Jack Martin
The FBI considered Martin unreliable.
Arlington Burial Ceremony
Jacqueline Kennedy attended the graveside military ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery as President Kennedy was laid to rest.
Eternal Flame Lighting
Jacqueline Kennedy lit the eternal flame at President Kennedy's grave at approximately 3:15 p.m. on November 25.
Funeral Day White House Departure
On November 25, Jacqueline Kennedy left the White House for the final funeral procession honoring President Kennedy.
Graveside Flag Presentation
At the Arlington burial ceremony, Mrs. Kennedy received the folded American flag associated with her husband's military funeral honors.
John Kennedy Jr Funeral Salute
Jacqueline Kennedy stood with her children during the funeral ceremonies when John F. Kennedy Jr. saluted his father's passing casket.
Post Funeral White House Reception
Following the burial, Mrs. Kennedy returned to the White House, where foreign leaders and dignitaries attended a post-funeral reception.
Procession to Arlington
Mrs. Kennedy accompanied the funeral procession from Washington to Arlington National Cemetery for President Kennedy's burial.
St Matthews Requiem Mass
Mrs. Kennedy attended the Requiem Mass for President Kennedy at St. Matthew's Cathedral with her children, family members, and international dignitaries.
Walking Funeral Procession
Jacqueline Kennedy walked in the funeral procession behind the caisson as it proceeded from the White House toward St. Matthew's Cathedral.
Kennedy Funeral Reception
Johnson received foreign leaders in Washington during diplomatic events and receptions associated with President Kennedy's funeral.
FBI
To combat speculation of a conspiracy, Katzenbach said that the results of the FBIs investigation should be made public, he wrote, in part: "The public must be satisfied that Oswald was the assassin; that he did not have confederates who are still at large"
Reaction to Oswald
An FBI electronic surveillance transcript recorded Sam Giancana commenting on November 25 that Oswald was a marksman who knew how to shoot after an associate described Oswald as a Marxist.
Katzenbach Memo
Sends a memorandum urging that the public be satisfied that Lee Harvey Oswald was the assassin and recommending a presidential commission to investigate the assassination.
Burial
Representatives from over 90 countries, including the Soviet Union, attend the funeral, after the service, the casket is taken by caisson to Arlington National Cemetery for burial
Katzenbach Memo
Receives Nicholas Katzenbach's memorandum recommending the creation of a presidential commission to investigate the assassination.
Hypnotism Allegation
Jack Martin told the FBI that Ferrie was an amateur hypnotist and suggested that he might have been capable of hypnotizing Lee Harvey Oswald.
Arrest of David Ferrie
David Ferrie is turned him over to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which interviewed Ferrie and Martin on November 25.
Arrest of David Ferrie
Nevertheless, the FBI interviewed Ferrie twice about Martins allegations.
Arrest of David Ferrie
The FBI also interviewed about twenty other persons in connection with the allegations, said that it was unable to develop a substantial case against Ferrie, and released him with an apology.
Arrest of Jack Martin
Jack Martin told the FBI that Ferrie might have hypnotized Oswald into assassinating Kennedy.
Arrest of Jack Martin
The FBI considered Martin unreliable.
FBI
To combat speculation of a conspiracy, Katzenbach said that the results of the FBIs investigation should be made public, he wrote, in part: "The public must be satisfied that Oswald was the assassin; that he did not have confederates who are still at large"
Katzenbach Memo
Sends a memorandum urging that the public be satisfied that Lee Harvey Oswald was the assassin and recommending a presidential commission to investigate the assassination.
Indictment for Oswald Murder
The State of Texas indicted Jack Ruby on November 26, 1963, for the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald.
Civil Air Patrol Firearms Role
Ferrie told the FBI that his firearms-related role at Civil Air Patrol bivouacs had been limited to range-safety assistance.
FBI Interviews
The FBI interviewed Ferrie on November 26 and again on November 27 while investigating Jack Martin's allegations and Ferrie's possible association with Lee Harvey Oswald.
Jack Martin Dispute
Ferrie acknowledged knowing Jack Martin and said Martin resented him because Ferrie had forcibly removed Martin from G. Wray Gill's office earlier in 1963.
Marcello Case Work
Ferrie told investigators that he had been working intensively for attorney G. Wray Gill on the Carlos Marcello case during the days preceding November 22.
Martin Recantation Report
On November 26, the FBI informed the Secret Service that Jack Martin had described his information about Ferrie as a product of his imagination.
Stinson Aircraft Statement
Ferrie told the FBI that his Stinson single-engine aircraft had not been airworthy since its license expired in the spring of 1962.
Telescopic Sight Denial
Ferrie told the FBI that he had never owned a telescopic sight or a rifle equipped with one and did not know how to use such a sight.
Texas Flight Denial
Ferrie told the FBI that he had never flown Lee Harvey Oswald to Dallas or to any other Texas location.
Texas Trip Explanation
During questioning, Ferrie told investigators that his weekend trip to Texas had been undertaken for relaxation rather than for any role in the assassination.
NSAM 273
Launches operation NSAM 273
Address to Congress
Addresses a joint session of Congress and asks lawmakers to carry forward John F. Kennedy’s legislative programme.
Civil Rights Legislation
Johnson urged Congress to honor Kennedy's memory by securing the earliest possible passage of the civil rights bill Kennedy had championed.
Decisive Government Action
Johnson told Congress that the government must overcome uncertainty and delay after Kennedy's death and demonstrate its capacity for decisive action.
Foreign Policy Continuity
Johnson pledged that the United States would maintain its international commitments and continue seeking peace while preserving national strength.
Joint Session of Congress
Johnson addressed a joint session of Congress five days after Kennedy's assassination and asked legislators and the nation for their help.
Kennedy Legacy
Johnson told Congress that Kennedy's ideas and ideals should be translated into effective action rather than halted by the assassination.
Let Us Continue
Johnson used the phrase "let us continue" to frame his commitment to carry forward the national program begun under President Kennedy.
National Unity
Johnson appealed for national unity after the assassination and said Americans could derive strength rather than weakness from their differences.
Opposition to Extremism
Johnson urged Americans to reject political fanaticism, bitterness, bigotry, hatred, and violence in the aftermath of Kennedy's assassination.
Tax Bill
Johnson called for early passage of Kennedy's pending tax bill, arguing that continuing the measure would advance the late President's economic program.
Johnson Cuba Strategy Meeting
McCone discussed Cuba with President Johnson, who requested firm recommendations and more aggressive options while rejecting any repetition of the Bay of Pigs failure.
Commission Chairmanship
Warren became chairman of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy when the commission was established by Executive Order 11130.
Warren Commission Appointment
President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Chief Justice Earl Warren to chair the commission investigating President Kennedy's assassination.
Warren Commission Established
President Johnson created the commission chaired by Earl Warren to investigate Kennedy's assassination, including possible foreign or Cuban involvement.
Camelot Memory Framing
During her interview with Theodore White, Mrs. Kennedy used the musical Camelot to frame how she wanted her husband's presidency remembered.
Theodore White Interview
Jacqueline Kennedy gave journalist Theodore H. White an interview on November 29, 1963, one week after the assassination.
Earl Warren Appointment
Johnson appointed Chief Justice Earl Warren to chair the commission investigating President Kennedy's assassination.
Executive Order 11130
Johnson issued Executive Order 11130 establishing the presidential commission that became known as the Warren Commission.
Federal Agency Cooperation
Johnson's executive order directed federal departments and agencies to provide the Warren Commission with services, information, and assistance needed for its investigation.
Oswald Killing Investigation
Johnson directed the Warren Commission to examine both Kennedy's assassination and the subsequent killing of accused assassin Lee Harvey Oswald.
Warren Commission Membership
Johnson appointed seven members to the Warren Commission, including legislators from both parties, former CIA Director Allen Dulles, and diplomat John J. McCloy.
Warren Commission
Johnson created the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy to investigate the killing and report its conclusions to him.
Warren Commission
Appointed member of the Warren Commission by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Commission
Appointed member of the Warren Commission by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
The first official investigation of the Kennedy assassination is established by President Johnson, a week after the assassination
Commission Establishment
Establishes the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known as the Warren Commission.
Warren Commission
Appointed member of the Warren Commission by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Warren Commission
Appointed member of the Warren Commission by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Warren Commission
Appointed member of the Warren Commission by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Warren Commission
Appointed member of the Warren Commission by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Chairman
Chairs the presidential commission investigating the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
Civil Air Patrol Allegation
Jack Martin alleged that Ferrie had known Oswald through the New Orleans Civil Air Patrol and might have trained him to use a rifle.
Getaway Pilot Allegation
Jack Martin alleged that Ferrie had traveled to Texas and was intended to act as a getaway pilot after the assassination; Ferrie denied involvement.
Anti-Castro Activity Before Assassination
Federal records place Sturgis in the anti-Castro milieu during the period immediately preceding President Kennedy's assassination.
New Orleans Civil Air Patrol
He claims that Ferrie knew Oswald from their days in the New Orleans Civil Air Patrol, and that Ferrie might have taught Oswald how to use a rifle with a telescopic sight.
New Orleans Civil Air Patrol
Jack Martin tells authorities and reporters that anti-Castro activist David Ferrie had been involved in the assassination.
New Orleans Civil Air Patrol
Martin also claimed that Ferrie drove to Texas on the day of Kennedys assassination, to serve as a getaway pilot for the assassins.
Twistboard Promotion
Ruby promoted his twistboard exercise device at the Texas Products Show during the first week of November 1963, using one of his dancers to demonstrate it.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Angleton's counterintelligence staff handles CIA liaison with assassination investigators.
Hosty Address Book Entry Examined
Investigators established that Oswald's personal address book contained identifying information for Hosty, including his office contact details.
Hosty Data Entered in Address Book
Oswald's address book came to contain Hosty's name, FBI office information, telephone number, and automobile license number.
Oswald Complaint Note Delivered
Approximately two or three weeks before the assassination, Oswald delivered a note addressed to Hosty at the Dallas FBI office.
Oswald Note Assessed as Complaint
Hosty later recalled the Oswald note as complaining in tone and said he did not regard it as evidence that Oswald was prone to violence.
Oswald Note Retained
Hosty later testified that the note remained in the Dallas FBI office after he received it rather than being treated as an immediate security threat.
Bullets Recovered from Tippit
Four bullets were recovered from Tippit's body and examined by firearms specialists during the investigation.
Firearms Cartridge Case Evidence
Firearms examination established that cartridge cases recovered near the Tippit crime scene had been fired from the revolver in Oswald's possession when arrested.
Five-Shot Possibility
The firearms evidence led the Warren Commission to conclude that five shots may have been fired even though four bullets were recovered from Tippit's body.
Oak Cliff Patrol Assignment
Patrolman J. D. Tippit was assigned to patrol district 78 in the Oak Cliff area of Dallas during the daylight shift.
Oswald Revolver Evidence
Investigators traced the revolver seized from Oswald at the Texas Theatre and established that it had been purchased by and belonged to him.
Patrol Car Number 10
Tippit patrolled alone in Dallas police car number 10, consistent with normal daytime assignments in residential districts.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Whitten initially handles CIA investigative work after Kennedy's assassination.
Presidential Aircrew Transition
After Kennedy's assassination, Johnson requested that his longtime pilot James Cross qualify to fly the Boeing 707 used as the main presidential aircraft.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Rocca acts as a CIA counterintelligence contact for assassination records.
Assassination Investigation Cooperation
Truly cooperated with federal and local investigators examining Oswald's employment, movements, and access within the Texas School Book Depository.
Daily Sixth Floor Trips
Truly later testified that Oswald had occasion to visit the sixth floor repeatedly during an ordinary working day.
Oswald Work Routine Statement
Truly described Oswald's normal work routine and his regular access to the sixth floor when investigators reconstructed events inside the Depository.
Second Floor Encounter Statement
Truly gave investigators an account of the second-floor encounter involving Baker and Oswald shortly after President Kennedy was shot.
CIA Evidence
Serves as a CIA contact point for information supplied to the Warren Commission about Oswald and related intelligence matters.
Missing Voice Recording Clarified
The FBI later establishes that Dallas agents never received or heard a recording of the Mexico City caller's voice, weakening an early basis for an impersonation claim.
December 196346 historical events
President Re-Elected
Senghor is re-elected under the strengthened presidential system
Presidential Election
Raul Leoni won the presidential election and prepared to succeed Romulo Betancourt.
Pleads Not Guilty
Pleads not guilty to sabotage and conspiracy charges.
Rivonia Sabotage Charges Contested
Rejects the prosecution case during the Rivonia Trial.
FBI Investigation Discussion
An FBI surveillance transcript recorded Giancana and associate Charles English discussing the Bureau's investigation of President Kennedy's assassination on December 3, 1963.
First Commission Meeting
Warren chaired the commission's first meeting on December 5, 1963, as members began organizing an independent investigation of the assassination.
Independent Investigation Mandate
Under Warren's chairmanship, the commission decided that it would conduct an independent investigation rather than simply accept conclusions submitted by other government agencies.
Warren Commission
The Warren Commission met formally for the first time on December 5, 1963 on the second floor of the National Archives Building in Washington, D.C. The Commission conducted its business primarily in closed sessions, but these were not secret sessions
DCI Public Image Discussion
McCone told Johnson that portraying the DCI chiefly as a covert operator impaired his broader intelligence role; Johnson agreed that the public image should change.
J. Lee Rankin Appointment
Warren appointed former Solicitor General J. Lee Rankin as general counsel of the assassination commission on December 8, 1963.
Prime Minister of Japan
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, 3rd term
Lieutenant General
Appointed Lieutenant General to command I Corps
Constitution of Kenya
Retains the role of Prime Minister after independence was declared
Independence of Kenya
Retains the role of Prime Minister after independence was declared
Secret Service Report
A Secret Service report concluded that Jack Martin's claims that Ferrie had associated with Oswald and trained him to fire a rifle were without foundation.
Subpoena Authority
The commission chaired by Warren received statutory authority to compel testimony and evidence when Congress enacted Public Law 88-202.
Warren Commission Subpoena Authority
Johnson's Warren Commission received statutory authority to subpoena witnesses and obtain evidence when Congress enacted Public Law 88-202.
Government Ends
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
Prime Minister
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
FBI
Tells the FBI that he was sure that Oswald was the rifleman he had seen
FBI
Tells the FBI that he was sure that Oswald was the rifleman he had seen
Talks with Gamal Abdel Nasser
Discusses regional affairs, Sino-Indian relations and wider international issues with President Gamal Abdel Nasser.
South Vietnam Inspection Trip
McCone completed discussions in Saigon and found weak governmental leadership, uncertain military progress, and serious shortcomings in reporting on the counterinsurgency.
Vietnam Pessimism Letter to Johnson
McCone told President Johnson that there were more reasons for pessimism than optimism in South Vietnam and that the new military government had not demonstrated effective leadership.
Hosty Entry Omitted From FBI Report
An FBI report transmitting entries from Oswald's address book to the Warren Commission omitted the entry containing Hosty's information.
Expanded Covert Reporting in Vietnam
McCone ordered experienced CIA officers to Saigon temporarily to develop additional covert reporting on the new government's effectiveness and public acceptance.
Visit to Algeria
Visits Algeria during China's expanding diplomatic engagement with newly independent African states.
Trial
Main witness for the state against Mandela
Trial
Mandela & Sisulu are accused of 222 acts of sabotage
Trial
Mandela & Sisulu are accused of 222 acts of sabotage
Trial
Mandela & Sisulu are accused of 222 acts of sabotage
Oswald Lawyer
A Secret Service report issued in December 1963, two weeks after the assassination of President Kennedy, stated that Dean Andrews said that Lee Harvey Oswald had visited Andrews office on approximately three occasions in June and.
Oswald Lawyer
Andrews described his encounters with Oswald in testimony before the Warren Commission in July 1964.
Oswald Lawyer
July 1963, seeking legal advice from Andrews concerning his citizenship status, his wifes status and his undesirable discharge from the Marine Corps.
CIA Evidence Review
Warren's commission sought CIA information concerning Oswald's foreign contacts, Mexico City activities, and possible foreign involvement in the assassination.
FBI Evidence Review
Warren's commission began reviewing investigative reports supplied by the FBI concerning President Kennedy's assassination, Lee Harvey Oswald, and related evidence.
Secret Service Evidence Review
Warren's commission obtained and reviewed Secret Service material concerning the Dallas motorcade, presidential protection, the assassination, and subsequent investigative work.
Hosty Address Book Memorandum
Hosty dictated a memorandum in December recording that his identifying information had been found in Oswald's address book.
Counsel
Appointed assistant counsel to the Warren Commission and works on the background investigation of Lee Harvey Oswald
Counsel
Appointed assistant counsel to the Warren Commission and works on matters concerning Jack Ruby
Counsel
Appointed assistant counsel to the Warren Commission and later examines evidence connected with the assassination sequence
Counsel
Appointed assistant counsel to the Warren Commission and works on witness testimony and evidentiary review
Counsel
Appointed assistant counsel to the Warren Commission and works on legal analysis of the assassination evidence
Counsel
Appointed assistant counsel to the Warren Commission and works on presidential protection and related security evidence
Counsel
Appointed assistant counsel to the Warren Commission and investigates Oswald's foreign contacts and Mexico City material
General Counsel
Appointed general counsel of the Warren Commission and directs the legal staff during the investigation
Acting President
Appointed Acting President of Panama
Constitutional Transition
Zahir Shah supports a transition from royal-family cabinets toward constitutional civilian government.
President of Algeria
Appointed President of Algeria, Algerias 1st President
Constitution of Algeria
Internal political maneuvering results in a new constitution in that abolishes the Prime Minister position and devolves all executive power upon the office of the President
Declaration of War
Moroccos disputed claim to portions of western Algeria leads to the Sand War
National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA)
Roberto visits Israel in the 1960s and received aid from the Israeli Government from 1963 to 1969
Independence of Angola
The MPLA commences military operations against the Portuguese in 1963
Peoples Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA)
The MPLA commences military operations against the Portuguese in 1963
PURS National Directorate
Guevara serves on the national leadership of the United Party of the Socialist Revolution of Cuba.
Prime Minister of Australia
Appointed Prime Minister of Australia, Eighth term
Coutinho Supports Pelé Against Boca Juniors
Coutinho's penalty-area movement supported Pelé as Santos successfully defended the Copa Libertadores against Boca Juniors.
Copa Libertadores Final Against Boca Juniors
Pelé scored at La Bombonera as Santos beat Boca Juniors and successfully defended the Copa Libertadores title.
Santos Retain Intercontinental Championship
Pelé was a key figure in the Santos side that defeated AC Milan after a deciding playoff to retain the Intercontinental Cup.
Gilmar Santos Intercontinental Goalkeeper
Gilmar brought World Cup-winning experience to the Santos defence during the club's intercontinental confrontations with AC Milan.
Pepe Santos Attack Against Milan
Pepe's left-sided shooting made Santos dangerous in the Intercontinental Cup contests with AC Milan.
his novel The Favourite Game
Cohen publishes his novel The Favourite Game
novel The Favourite Game
Cohen publishes his novel The Favourite Game
Squires, The
Fronts The Squires, a Winnipeg instrumental and garage rock group from his early career.
The Sultan
Records The Sultan with The Squires, one of his earliest commercial releases.
Prime Minister of Canada
Appointed Prime Minister of Canada
House of Commons
Appointed Member of House of Commons
War Academy
Appointed Sub-director of the War Academy
Alliance Mao Tse-Tung and North Vietnamese aggression
China supports North Vietnamese aggression
Embargo
The US broadens the embargo against Cuba, including a general travel ban for American tourists
Trade Embargo
The US broadens the embargo against Cuba, including a general travel ban for American tourists
AMLASH Operation
The CIA develops contact with Cubela under the AMLASH cryptonym for a possible coup against Castro, with officials recognizing that Castro's death might result.
Central Committee of the Communist Party
Appointed First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Slovakia
First Secretary
Appointed First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Slovakia
Leaves Congo for Exile
Leaves the Congo after losing political and military control of Katanga.
Provincial Reorganisation
Adoula's government continues restructuring provincial administration after the Congo Crisis.
Director of Niels Bohr Institute
Succeeds his father as director of the Copenhagen institute, preserving its international research tradition while continuing work in nuclear theory.
Coup
Overthrown by the Army
Monument Salvage Cooperation
Nasser's government cooperates with international teams relocating temples from the reservoir zone.
American Institute of Architects
Awarded the Gold Medal from the American Institute of Architects
Contempt
Directs Contempt.
Polaris
Couve de Murville supports de Gaulle's refusal to subordinate French nuclear policy to an Atlantic nuclear arrangement
Polaris
De Gaulle rejects participation in an American led nuclear arrangement involving Polaris and favours a French national deterrent
Summit Meeting at Baden-Baden
Provides for regular summits & cooperation in foreign, economic & cultural affairs
Treaty of France
Signed with Chancellor Adenauer. Provides for regular summits & cooperation in foreign, economic & cultural affairs
Tour de France
Winner of the Tour de France, 3rd time
Pact between United States, Great Britain and France
Rejects US offer of Polaris missiles & a 3 country nuclear pact with USA & Britain
Polaris
Rejects US offer of Polaris missiles & a 3 country nuclear pact with USA & Britain
Rejects US offer of Polaris missiles & a 3 country nuclear pact
Rejects US offer of Polaris missiles & a 3 country nuclear pact with USA & Britain
Nuclear Power
Rejects US offer of Polaris missiles & a 3 country nuclear pact with USA & Britain
Polaris
Rejects US offer of Polaris missiles & a 3 country nuclear pact with USA & Britain
Nuclear Power
De Gaulle refuses a three power nuclear pact with the United States and Britain
Ansichten eines Clowns
Publication of Ansichten eines Clowns
Resignation of Konrad Adenauer
Forced to resign after the Spiegel Affair
Scandal
Forced to resign after the Spiegel Affair
Treaty Signed at Baden-Baden
Signs a Treaty with President de Gaulle
Treaty of Franco-German
Signs a Treaty with President de Gaulle. Provides for regular summits & cooperation in foreign, economic & cultural affairs
Chancellor
Appointed Chancellor
Double-Heterostructure Laser Proposal
Proposes double semiconductor heterostructures for improved carrier and photon confinement in lasers.
Political Broadcasting
Discusses politics and public life in regular radio and television appearances.
Tom Jones
Appears in "Tom Jones"
Award
Richardson wins the Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival for Long Days Journey Into Night
X: The Man with the X-Ray Eyes
Directs, "X: The Man with the X-Ray Eyes"
Its a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World
Appears in Its a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World as Lt. Col. Algernon Hawthorne
BAFTA Nomination - Only Two Can Play
Sellers receives a BAFTA British Actor nomination for Only Two Can Play.
Golden Globe Nomination - Lolita
Sellers receives a Golden Globe supporting-actor nomination for Lolita.
Heavens Above!
Sellers portrays the Reverend John Smallwood in the satire Heavens Above!
Inspector Clouseau Debut
Sellers first appears as Inspector Jacques Clouseau in The Pink Panther.
The Pink Panther
Sellers introduces Inspector Jacques Clouseau in Blake Edwards's The Pink Panther.
The Wrong Arm of the Law
Sellers plays criminal mastermind Pearly Gates in The Wrong Arm of the Law.
The Great Escape
Appears as Squadron Leader Roger Bartlett in the wartime prisoner-of-war drama The Great Escape.
Yardbirds
Appointed Member of Yardbirds, mixing influences from Chicago blues and leading blues guitarists such as Buddy Guy, Freddie King and BB King
Decca Records
Mike Leander signs up Jimmy Page as a session musician for Decca Records. Jimmy Pages first session for Decca is recording "Diamonds" by Jet Harris & Tony Meehan which goes to Number 1 on the singles chart
The Detours
Townshend & Entwistle join The Detours, a skiffle/rock and roll band fronted by Roger Daltrey, another former schoolmate
Decca Records
Mike Leander signs up Jimmy Page as a session musician for Decca Records
The Detours
Townshend & Entwistle join The Detours, a skiffle/rock and roll band fronted by Roger Daltrey, another former schoolmate
Rolling Stones, The
As the Stones grow, they come to the attention of Andrew Loog Oldham, who meets them at the suggestion of Record Mirror music writer Peter Jones, and becomes, with Eric Eastman, their co-managers
Busking
Performs folk and blues material around London during his early years as a singer.
The Detours
Townshend & Entwistle join The Detours, a skiffle/rock and roll band fronted by Roger Daltrey, another former schoolmate
Rolling Stones, The
As the Stones grow, they come to the attention of Andrew Loog Oldham, who meets them at the suggestion of Record Mirror music writer Peter Jones, and becomes, with Eric Eastman, their co-managers
Rolling Stones, The
Oldham coins the phrase "Would you let your daughter marry a Rolling Stone?".
Rolling Stones, The
Oldham, who had worked as the Beatles publicist, was an admirer of Anthony Burgess novel A Clockwork Orange, as well as the film Expresso Bongo, cultivated an image for the band as unruly and slightly menacing.
Rolling Stones, The
Runs into an inebriated John Lennon and Paul McCartney, who give him their barely finished song I Wanna Be Your Man which becomes an early Stones hit.
Rolling Stones, The
The Beatles visit the Rolling Stones at a London show and help connect the Stones with manager Andrew Loog Oldham.
Rolling Stones, The
As the Stones grow, they come to the attention of Andrew Loog Oldham, who meets them at the suggestion of Record Mirror music writer Peter Jones, and becomes, with Eric Eastman, their co-managers
Dave Clark 5
Founder Member of The Dave Clark Five
Dave Clark 5
Founder Member of The Dave Clark Five
Dave Clark 5
Founder Member of The Dave Clark Five
Rolling Stones, The
Oldham's arrival marks the beginning of Jones slow estrangement from the band, one which saw his prominent role diminished as Oldham sought to shift the Stones's centre from Jones to Jagger and Richards
Roosters
Jones starts a group with Paul Jones called the Roosters
Spencer Davis Band
Founder Member of Spencer Davis
Spencer Davis Band
Founder Member of Spencer Davis
Spencer Davis Band
Founder Member of Spencer Davis
Dave Clark 5
Founder Member of The Dave Clark Five
Dave Clark 5
Founder Member of The Dave Clark Five
Yardbirds
Founder Member of The Yardbirds
Yardbirds
Founder Member of The Yardbirds
Yardbirds
Founder Member of The Yardbirds
Yardbirds
Founder Member of The Yardbirds
Yardbirds
Founder Member of The Yardbirds
Session Guitar
Builds a reputation as a leading London session guitarist before joining the Yardbirds.
Spencer Davis Group
Winwood joins the newly formed Spencer Davis Group while still a teenager.
Cavern Club
Emerges from Liverpool's club scene during the Merseybeat era.
Ferry Cross the Mersey
Helps popularise the Merseybeat sound associated with Liverpool.
Sigma 6
Mason plays drums in Sigma 6, an early group with future Pink Floyd members
Sigma 6
Wright plays keyboards in Sigma 6 before the group evolves toward Pink Floyd
Sigma 6
Waters plays in early student bands that lead toward the formation of Pink Floyd
Joining The Ravens
Plays bass in the group that becomes The Kinks.
Management of The Kinks
Becomes an early manager of The Kinks.
How Do You Do It
Produces How Do You Do It, a major early hit for Gerry and the Pacemakers.
West London Club Shows
The Detours build a following in west London clubs.
Crisis
Profumo has sex with Christine Keeler who sleeps with a Russian naval attache
Young Conservatives
Appointed Member of Brixton Young Conservatives
Conferment of honorary us citizenship by Congress
Conferment of honorary us citizenship by Congress
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer
Resignation of John Enoch Powell
Resigns because of the choice of Lord Home as Prime Minister
Crisis
Profumo has sex with Christine Keeler who sleeps with a Russian naval attache
Election
Narrowly loses the Conservative Party leadership elections to Douglas-home
Foreign Secretary of Great Britain
Appointed Foreign Minister
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament for Kinross, West Perthshire
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Conservative Party
Peerage
Renounces his peerage in order to sit in the Commons
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Forms a Cabinet but 2 of the appointments refuse to serve in it
Resignation of Maurice Harold MacMillan
At the Party Conference in Blackpool announces MacMillans decision to resign
Spain takes up the question of the return of Gibraltar to the
Spain takes up the question of the return of Gibraltar to the United Nations
Polaris Programme
Douglas-Home inherits the British Polaris programme after becoming Prime Minister
After the French veto UK EC entry Princess Margaret is refused to
After the French veto UK EC entry Princess Margaret is refused to dine with de Gaulle
Rule of Aden
Aden becomes part of Saudi Arabia
Polaris
Macmillan presents Polaris as the successor to Skybolt and as protection for Britain's independent nuclear role
Polaris Programme
Thorneycroft oversees early British planning for Polaris submarines after the Nassau Agreement
Contracts of Employment Act
Contracts of Employment Act 1963 requires written particulars and notice rights for many employees
London Government Act
London Government Act 1963 creates Greater London and reorganises London local government
Offices Shops and Railway Premises Act
Offices Shops and Railway Premises Act 1963 regulates workplace health and safety in offices, shops, and railway premises
Peerage Act
Peerage Act 1963 allows hereditary peers to disclaim peerages and admits peeresses to the House of Lords
Water Resources Act
Water Resources Act 1963 creates river authorities and reforms water resource management
Peerage
Gives up his peerage
Teaching Literature Published
Hoggart published Teaching Literature, setting out approaches to literary education for adult and nontraditional learners.
Political Ideals
Publication of "Political Ideals"
Douglas-Home Political Appointment
Serves as a special assistant to Conservative Prime Minister Sir Alec Douglas-Home and gains direct experience of national government and party policy.
Speech
Appointed Harold Wilson's speech writer & adviser
Legislation
Helps pass the Peerage Act, renounces his viscountcy & returns to the Commons
Reform of Parliament
Helps pass the Peerage Act, renounces his viscountcy & returns to the Commons
Election
On the 2nd & final vote for the leaderhip Wilson wins by 144 to Browns 103 votes. 1st ballot for the party leadership Wilson wins 115, Brown 88 & Callaghan 41 votes
Election
And Wilson was elected.
Election
And a drunk (Brown)", many Labour MPs who were prepared to accept Brown as deputy leader were unhappy with the idea of his being in charge.
Election
But had good reason not to trust Brown because of private knowledge of his excessive drinking, which exacerbated his rude and aggressive style, Crosland called the leadership election "A choice between a crook (Wilson).
Election
Many on the right of the Labour Party, including Anthony Crosland and Denis Healey, support James Callaghan for the leadership, opposed to Wilson.
Shadow Cabinet
Serves on Labour's front bench before the 1964 general election.
Death of Hugh Gaitskell
Loses his political mentor when Labour leader Hugh Gaitskell dies unexpectedly.
Economist Editorship
Considers leaving politics to become editor of The Economist after Gaitskell's death.
Election
Helps Harold Wilson run his leadership election campaign
Member of Parliament
Helps Harold Wilson run his leadership election campaign
Lecture
Goes on a lecture tour of the United States
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Labour Party
Kirkcaldy High School
Brown attends Kirkcaldy High School and develops interests in history and public affairs.
Election
1st ballot for the party leadership, Wilson wins 115, Brown 88 & Callaghan 41 votes
Shadow Minister
Appointed Shadow Foreign Secretary
Defence Policy
Healey leads Labour's defence policy work before the 1964 general election.
Defence Portfolio
Healey takes responsibility for developing Labour’s defence policy before the general election.
Election
Defeated by Harold Wilson for leadership of the Labour Party
Shadow Minister
Appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer, 2nd term
Strong Radio Sources
Hoyle and William Fowler investigated physical explanations for powerful extragalactic radio sources.
Health of Maurice Harold MacMillan
Diagnosed with prostrate problems, causes his resignation
Transferred-Electron Effect
Discovers spontaneous high-frequency oscillations in gallium arsenide caused by changes in electron transport, the Gunn effect.
Victory-Ali
Henry Cooper knocks Ali down with a left hook near the end of the fourth round, the fight is stopped in the 5th round due to a deep cut on Coopers face
Captain
22-year-old Moore captains his country for the first time in just his 12th appearance after the retirement of Johnny Haynes and an injury to his successor, Jimmy Armfield
Leeds Promotion Challenge
Charlton plays at centre-half as Leeds United challenge for a return to the First Division under Don Revie's management.
Busby Secures Cup Against Leicester City
The trophy goes to Manchester United as Busby's side overcome Leicester City by 3-1.
First Manchester United Professional Contract
Best establishes his place in Manchester United’s professional plans after progressing through the club’s youth system under Matt Busby.
1963 League Championship Contribution
Alex Young provides skill and attacking creativity as Everton win the 1962–63 First Division title under manager Harry Catterick.
First FA Cup Triumph
Charlton helps Manchester United defeat Leicester City in the FA Cup final, claiming a trophy that marks an important stage in the club's recovery.
1963 FA Cup Final Two Goals
Scores twice as Manchester United defeat Leicester City 3-1.
Eleven Goals in Seven Scotland Games
Law scored eleven goals across seven senior Scotland appearances during an exceptionally productive international year.
Pickering's Prolific First Division Campaign
Pickering emerges as a powerful goalscorer at Ewood Park, helping Blackburn sustain a competitive top-flight attack.
First Spurs League Scoring Crown
Greaves finished atop the First Division scoring charts as Tottenham combined strong domestic form with its European breakthrough.
Thirty Seven Goal Tottenham League Season
Greaves ended the 1962-63 league season with thirty-seven goals, a Tottenham top-flight record that remained a landmark for the club.
Cup Final Forward Line Participation
Harris started in Birmingham City’s attack against Aston Villa in the first leg of the 1963 League Cup final, providing support for the match-winning goals.
Fourth Division Title Scoring
Dick provided goals and attacking experience as Brentford secured the Fourth Division championship and returned to the Third Division.
Southampton Secures Proven Striker
Saunders moves to Southampton and becomes the attacking focal point of a team seeking promotion to the First Division.
United Future Keeper Follows Cup Revival
United's FA Cup triumph with Law as scorer helped restore the club's stature before Stepney joined and became first-choice goalkeeper.
Nicholson First British European Trophy
Nicholson led Tottenham to a historic 5-1 victory over Atlético Madrid, with Jimmy Greaves among the scorers.
Brentford Fourth Division Champions
MacDonald guided Brentford to the Fourth Division title, earning promotion and giving the club renewed momentum.
Mullery Young Spurs Player in Greaves Era
Mullery entered Tottenham's squad during the period when Greaves was supplying record-breaking league goals.
Charlton Supports Law Wembley Cup Triumph
Charlton supplied midfield invention in United's 1963 FA Cup-winning team as Denis Law opened the scoring against Leicester.
Mackay Spurs European Final Midfield
Mackay provided energy and physical presence in the Tottenham midfield during the 1963 European Cup Winners' Cup final.
Jones Wide Attack in Rotterdam Victory
Jones gave Tottenham a threat from the flank as Spurs became the first British club to win a major European trophy.
Wide Attacking Role in 1963 Final
Hellawell featured on the flank for Birmingham City in the 1963 League Cup final, stretching Aston Villa’s defence during the home victory.
Player of the Year
At an extraordinary age for a top-flight footballer, Matthews wins the writers award again following his influential return to Stoke City.
Spain takes up the question of the return of Gibraltar to the
Spain takes up the question of the return of Gibraltar to the United Nations
Royal Navy Polaris
The Royal Navy prepares to develop a submarine based Polaris force after the Sales Agreement
Prime Minister of Greece
Georgios Papandreou forms a short-lived government after the 1963 election.
Prime Minister of Greece
Ioannis Paraskevopoulos heads a caretaker government before the 1964 election.
Resignation as Prime Minister
Karamanlis resigns after conflict with King Paul and leaves Greece.
Prime Minister of Greece
Panagiotis Pipinelis forms a caretaker government.
Prime Minister of Greece
Stylianos Mavromichalis heads a caretaker government before the election.
IOC Membership
Constantine becomes a member of the International Olympic Committee before his accession to the Greek throne.
President of Guatemala
Appointed President of Guatemala
President of Honduras
Appointed President of Honduras, 1st term
Die Eigenart Des Asthetischen
Publication of "Die Eigenart Des Asthetischen"
Kamaraj Plan
Senior Congress leaders leave government posts under the Kamaraj Plan to strengthen the party organisation.
Ramachandran Plot
G. N. Ramachandran and colleagues introduce conformational maps showing sterically allowed backbone angles in protein structures.
Optical Equivalence Theorem
E. C. G. Sudarshan develops the diagonal coherent-state representation and optical equivalence theorem foundational to quantum optics.
Minister of Trade
Appointed Minister of Trade
Constitution of Indonesia
Works within a framework of a Union of The Netherlands
Institutes Konfrontasi with Malaysia
Institutes "Konfrontasi" with Malaysia
Union of The Netherlands
Works within a framework of a Union of The Netherlands
Commander of Strategic Reserve
Appointed Commander of the Strategic Reserve, Kostrad
Reform of Land Ownership
The Shah introduces land reform, voting rights to women & removal of illiteracy
Revolution of Iran
The Shah introduces land reform, voting rights to women & removal of illiteracy
Exile of Ruhollah Khomeini
Leads Moslem resistance to female emancipation, is arrested & exiled
Reform of Religious Policy
Leads Moslem resistance to female emancipation, arrested & exiled
White Revolution
Shia cleric Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini first comes to political prominence in he leads the opposition to the Shah and his "White Revolution"
President of Iraq
Appointed President of Iraq
President of Iraq
Appointed President of Iraq
Coup
Executed after a coup. Death of Abdul Karim Kassem, executed after a coup
Death of Abdul Karim Kassem
Death of Abdul Karim Kassem, executed after a coup
Execution
Executed after a coup
Coup
Returns to Iraq after Kassem was overthrown & killed
Coup
The Baathists favour a pan-Arab, secular socialist state. The Baathists come to power for the 1st time. A nationalist coalition seizes power including the Baathists
Exile of Saddam Hussein
Returns to Iraq after Kassem was overthrown & killed
Coup
The Baathists favour a pan-Arab, secular socialist state. The Baathists come to power for the 1st time
Coup
Overthrown by a coup led by dissident members of the Baath Party
Government Report
South Africa conducts a joint nuclear test with Israel, but the Israelis do not confirm the report
South Africa conducts a joint nuclear test with Israel
South Africa conducts a joint nuclear test with Israel, but the Israelis do not confirm the report
Group 63 Literary Avant Garde
Eco participated in Gruppo 63, an experimental Italian literary movement challenging conventional writing.
Prime Minister of Italy
Appointed Prime Minister of Italy, 1st term
Pope
Appointed Pope
Nobel Prize
Shares the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discoveries in the chemistry and technology of high polymers.
Chiappella Becomes Fiorentina Coach
Giuseppe Chiappella takes charge of Fiorentina following years as a player and begins guiding a new generation at the Florence club.
Morrone Helps Lazio Return to Serie A
Giancarlo Morrone contributes midfield experience during Lazio's return to the top division, as the side works to restore its Serie A standing.
Heaven and Hell
Kurosawas Heaven and Hell
Deputy Premiership
Becomes a senior right-wing figure inside Sihanouk's government
General Secretary
At the WPKs second congress, Pol Pot is chosen to succeed Tou Samouth as the party's general secretary
KCP
Pol Pot and most of the central committee left Phnom Penh to establish an insurgent base in Ratanakiri Province. At the WPKs second congress, Pol Pot is chosen to succeed Tou Samouth as the party's general secretary
Reballion of Pol Pot
Pol Pot begins his communist rebellion from the northern jungles
Break in Diplomatic Relations with The US
Rejects American military aid. Breaks off relations with the US after President Johnson sent marines ashore at Danang
Mobilization
Has a force of only 30,000 & lets the Vietcong use Sihanoukville
Reballion of Pol Pot
Pol Pot begins his communist rebellion from the northern jungles
Constitution of Kenya
Kenyatta convinces Moi that KADU and KANU should be merged to complete the process of decolonisation, Kenya becomes a de facto single-party state, dominated by the Kikuyu-Luo alliance
Independence of Kenya
Kenyatta convinces Moi that KADU and KANU should be merged to complete the process of decolonisation, Kenya becomes a de facto single-party state, dominated by the Kikuyu-Luo alliance
KADU
Kenyatta convinces Moi that KADU and KANU should be merged to complete the process of decolonisation, Kenya becomes a de facto single-party state, dominated by the Kikuyu-Luo alliance
Kenya African National Union (KANU)
Kenyatta convinces Moi that KADU and KANU should be merged to complete the process of decolonisation, Kenya becomes a de facto single-party state, dominated by the Kikuyu-Luo alliance
Constitution of Kenya
Appointed Minister of Constitutional Affairs
Minister of Constitutional Affairs
Appointed Minister of Constitutional Affairs
Minister of Justice
Appointed Minister of Justice
Political Pressure
Continues to contest the neutralist coalition authority
Neutralist Split
Breaks with Kong Le as neutralist factions divide during the civil war
Coup
Enters the Military Academy, where he and a few of his fellow militants organize a secretive group dedicated to overthrowing the pro-Western Libyan monarchy
Education
Enters the Military Academy, where he and a few of his fellow militants organize a secretive group dedicated to overthrowing the pro-Western Libyan monarchy
Prime Minister of Malawi
Appointed Prime Minister of Nyasaland
Feyenoord European Cup Semi-Final Adventure
Coen Moulijn plays a major role in Feyenoord's European Cup campaign as the Dutch champions advance to the semi-finals before elimination by Benfica.
Prime Minister of New Zealand
Appointed Prime Minister of New Zealand, 3rd term
Kerr Metric
Finds the rotating black hole solution to Einstein's field equations.
President of Nicaragua
Appointed President of Nicaragua, succeeds his brother Anastasio
Minister of Industry
Appointed Minister of Industry
Foreign Minister of Pakistan
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto serves as Foreign Minister under President Ayub Khan.
Election as President
Is elected president under the new political order established after the August uprising.
Leads Provisional Government
Takes charge of the provisional government formed after Fulbert Youlou's resignation.
An Incident at Krechetovka Station
Publication of "An Incident at Krechetovka Station"
Informal Second Secretary Role
Emerges as Khrushchev's principal deputy in the day-to-day management of the Communist Party.
Requiem
Publication of "Requiem"
House-Building Combine Chief Engineer
Becomes chief engineer of a major house-building combine in the Sverdlovsk region.
Economy of Russia
Declares the Kazakhstan virgin lands a failure & seeks 2 million tons of US wheat
Emergency Grain Purchases
Responds to a poor harvest by arranging large grain purchases from Western countries.
Foreign Policy Statement at Kazakhstan
Declares the Kazakhstan experiment a failure & seeks 2 million tons of US wheat
Secretary of Central Committee
Appointed Secretary of the Central Committee
Cold War
Nosenko claimed that he could provide important negative information about the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, affirming that he had personally handled a review of the case of Lee Harvey Oswald, who had lived in the.
Cold War
Soviet Union prior to the Kennedy assassination, the issue was critical because KGB involvement with Oswald might suggest Soviet involvement in the Kennedy assassination a prospect that could have propelled the Cold War into a nuclear war.
KGB (Committee for State Security)
Kennedy, affirming that he had personally handled a review of the case of Lee Harvey Oswald, who had lived in the Soviet Union prior to the Kennedy assassination, the issue was critical because KGB involvement with Oswald might suggest Soviet involvement in the Kennedy assassination a prospect that could have
KGB (Committee for State Security)
Nosenko also stated that the KGB had never questioned Oswald about information he might have gained as a U.S. Marine, including work as an aviation electronics operator at Naval Air Facility Atsugi in Japan.
KGB (Committee for State Security)
Nosenko claimed that he could provide important negative information about the assassination of President John F.
KGB (Committee for State Security)
Nosenko insisted that after interviewing Oswald it was decided that he was not intelligent enough and also "too mentally unstable," a "nut," and therefore unsuitable for intelligence work.
KGB (Committee for State Security)
propelled the Cold War into a nuclear war
Longest Space Flight
Spends nearly 5 days alone in Vostok 5, the longest solo space flight to date
Vostok
Spends nearly 5 days alone in Vostok 5, the longest solo space flight to date
River Diversion Preparations
Malyshev supervises engineering preparations for closing the river's original channel.
Chief of General Staff
Appointed Chief-of General Staff
Deputy Minister
Appointed Deputy Minister of Defence
Creative Role in League Cup Victory
Auld brought his passing and competitive edge to Birmingham City’s midfield during the two-legged 1963 League Cup final against Aston Villa.
Slovak Communist Leadership
Becomes First Secretary of the Slovak Communist Party.
Election
The Transkei voters reject the homeland policy by 3 to 1
Legislation
The General Law Amendment Act enables the Min of Justice to prolong prisoner arrest
Organisation of African Unity
The Organisation for African Unity is founded, it immediately condems apartheid
Rule of Namibia
SWAPO initiates an armed struggle for independence in South West Africa
Rule of Transkei
The Transkei becomes a "self-governing" homeland
PAC
Makes up the PAC slogan, "Freedom in 1963"
President of South Korea
Appointed President of Korea, 1st term
President of South Korea
Appointed President of Korea
Yashin Becomes First Goalkeeper Winner
Lev Yashin receives the 1963 Ballon d’Or and becomes the first goalkeeper to win the prize, recognition of the commanding penalty-area presence and reflexes he demonstrates for Dynamo Moscow and the Soviet national side.
Foreign Ministry Department Head
Becomes a department head in Sweden's Ministry for Foreign Affairs.
International Law Adviser
Serves as a senior legal adviser on international law.
Play Dream and Imitation in Childhood
Publication of "Play Dream & Imitation in Childhood"
Chief of State
Appointed Chief of State
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
55 Days at Peking
Stars in, "55 Days at Peking"
La Ricotta
Plays a film director in La Ricotta
The Great Escape
Stars in The Great Escape
Under the Yum Yum Tree
Stars in "Under the Yum Yum Tree"
Hud
Directs "Hud"
Academy Award
Plays middle-aged housekeeper Alma Brown in Hud for which she wins the Academy Award for Best Actress
Hud
Stars in "Hud"
Hud
Stars in "Hud"
Dementia 13
Directs Dementia 13, an early independent horror feature made before his major studio successes.
Eichman In Jerusalem
Publication of "On Revolution". Publication of "Eichman In Jerusalem"
On Revolution
Publication of "On Revolution". Publication of "Eichman In Jerusalem"
Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour
Publication of " Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour"
The Centaur
Publication of "The Centaur"
The Presidential Papers
"The Presidential Papers". Contributor of book reviews and long essays to The New York Review of Books since its founding issue in 1963
Simon & Garfunkel
Paul Simon & Art Garfunkel join together
24 Hours From Tulsa
Records, " 24 Hours From Tulsa"
Simon & Garfunkel
Paul Simon & Art Garfunkel join together
Civil Rights
Dylan and Baez are both prominent in the civil rights movement, singing together at rallies including the March on Washington where Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his "I have a dream" speech
The Freewheelin Bob Dylan
Releases, "The Times They Are a-Changin", reflects a more sophisticated, politicized and cynical Dylan. Dylans second album is released, "The Freewheelin Bob Dylan"
The Times They Are a-Changin
Releases, "The Times They Are a-Changin", reflects a more sophisticated, politicized and cynical Dylan. Dylans second album is released, "The Freewheelin Bob Dylan"
Tribute to Uncle Ray
Releases 1st Album, "Tribute to Uncle Ray"
Newport Folk Festival
Helps bring Dylan to a wider folk audience at Newport.
Steve Allen Show Bicycle Performance
Appears on The Steve Allen Show and demonstrates experimental percussion by performing on a bicycle.
Tom Paine Award
Accepts the Tom Paine Award after the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
Memories of El Monte
Co-writes and produces the Penguins single Memories of El Monte with Ray Collins.
Stage Play
Directs Barefoot in the Park in Broadway
Government
Appointed Ambassador of South Vietnam, 1st term
Navy Secretary
Appointed Navy Secretary
Charter
The US & 22 Latin American countries sign a charter defending democracy
Nuclear Pact
France refuses to join the Anglo-American nuclear pact
US & 22 Latin American countries sign a charter for democratic
The US & 22 Latin American countries sign a charter for "democratic Government"
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointed Secretary of State for Defence, 2nd term
Multilateral Force
Kennedy promotes alliance nuclear consultation while seeking to discourage separate national nuclear forces
Polaris
Kennedy administration officials continue work on converting the Nassau settlement into detailed supply arrangements
Multilateral Force
McNamara favours greater allied coordination over nuclear forces and questions the military value of separate national systems
Grassy Knoll
Testifies to the Warren Commission that one or more shots came from the grassy knoll
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
The Magic Bullet theory is contributed to the Warren Commission by Arlen Specter posits that a single bullet, "Warren Commission Exhibit 399", caused all of the non-fatal wounds in both President Kennedy and Texas Governor John Connally
Exhibit 399
Posits that a single bullet, known as "Warren Commission Exhibit 399" (also known as "CE399"), caused all of the non-fatal wounds in both President Kennedy and Texas Governor John Connally
Magic Bullet
Posits that a single bullet, known as "Warren Commission Exhibit 399" (also known as "CE399"), caused all of the non-fatal wounds in both President Kennedy and Texas Governor John Connally. A one-inch-long copper-jacketed lead-core 6.5-millimeter rifle bullet fired from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository passed through Kennedys neck and Connallys chest wrist and embedded itself in the Governors thigh
Magic Bullet
The Magic Bullet theory is contributed to the Warren Commission by Arlen Specter posits that a single bullet, "Warren Commission Exhibit 399", caused all of the non-fatal wounds in both President Kennedy and Texas Governor John Connally.
Magic Bullet
The bullet that is supposed to have done all the damage was found on a stretcher in the corridor at the Parkland Memorial Hospital, in Dallas, after the assassination.
Magic Bullet
The bullet that is supposed to have done all this damage was found on a stretcher in the corridor at the Parkland Memorial Hospital, in Dallas, after the assassination.
Magic Bullet
The bullet traversed 15 layers of clothing, 7 layers of skin, and approximately 15 inches of tissue, struck a necktie knot, removed 4 inches of rib, and shattered a radius bone.
Texas School Book Depository
A one-inch-long copper-jacketed lead-core 6.5-millimeter rifle bullet fired from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository passed through Kennedys neck and Connallys chest wrist and embedded itself in the Governors thigh
Grassy Knoll
Thought that the shots had come from the grassy knoll, despite already having seen a man in the southwest window of the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository, holding a gun
Texas School Book Depository
Thought that the shots had come from the grassy knoll, despite already having seen a man in the southwest window of the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository, holding a gun
Grassy Knoll
Buell Wesley Frazier, Billy Lovelady and Otis Williams, three men who were standing on the front steps of the Texas School Book Depository, directly underneath the supposed snipers nest, claimed that all the shots came from the general direction of the grassy knoll
Texas School Book Depository
Buell Wesley Frazier, Billy Lovelady and Otis Williams, three men who were standing on the front steps of the Texas School Book Depository, directly underneath the supposed snipers nest, claimed that all the shots came from the general direction of the grassy knoll
Grassy Knoll
Buell Wesley Frazier, Billy Lovelady and Otis Williams, three men who were standing on the front steps of the Texas School Book Depository, directly underneath the supposed snipers nest, claimed that all the shots came from the general direction of the grassy knoll
Rifle Bag in Texas School Book Depository
Buell Wesley Frazier had given Oswald a lift to work on the morning of the assassination. He stated that Oswald had carried a paper bag about 27 inches (69 cm) long, a length consistent with Fraziers description of Oswald holding one end of the package cupped in his right hand and the other tucked under his armpit
Rifle Bag in Texas School Book Depository
Frazier also claims that the bag Oswald had carried was a standard grocery store bag rather than a handmade package like the one that the Dallas police brought out of the Texas School Book Depository.
Rifle Bag in Texas School Book Depository
Later states on two occasions that the bag he saw was much too short to have contained the rifle, even in its disassembled state.
Rifle Bag in Texas School Book Depository
There is no credible evidence that Oswald brought a rifle into the Texas School Book Depository himself. Either he had at least one accomplice, or the rifle was brought into the building without his knowledge.
Rifle Bag in Texas School Book Depository
Whether or not Oswald had actually claimed to be carrying curtain rods, Fraziers and Randles accounts demonstrate that Oswald had not been carrying a rifle: the paper bag he was holding was much too small, and was not the same type as the package supposedly found on the sixth floor.
Texas School Book Depository
Buell Wesley Frazier, Billy Lovelady and Otis Williams, three men who were standing on the front steps of the Texas School Book Depository, directly underneath the supposed snipers nest, claimed that all the shots came from the general direction of the grassy knoll
Texas School Book Depository
There is no credible evidence that Oswald brought a rifle into the Texas School Book Depository himself. Either he had at least one accomplice, or the rifle was brought into the building without his knowledge.
Texas School Book Depository
Whether or not Oswald had actually claimed to be carrying curtain rods, Fraziers and Randles accounts demonstrate that Oswald had not been carrying a rifle: the paper bag he was holding was much too small, and was not the same type as the package supposedly
Texas School Book Depository
found on the sixth floor.
544 Camp Street
During the summer of 1963, Ferrie regularly frequented the Newman Building at 544 Camp Street because of his working relationship with Guy Banister.
Carlos Marcello Contact
Ferrie later acknowledged that he had been in personal contact with Carlos Marcello during the fall of 1963 while working on matters connected with attorney G. Wray Gill.
Grassy Knoll
Emmett Hudson, the only man identified out of the three standing on the steps leading up to the fence on the grassy knoll, claimed that all the shots came from the general direction of the Texas School Book Depository
Texas School Book Depository
Emmett Hudson, the only man identified out of the three standing on the steps leading up to the fence on the grassy knoll, claimed that all the shots came from the general direction of the Texas School Book Depository
Anti-Castro Pilot Profile
A 1963 federal profile described Sturgis as an experienced pilot connected with militant anti-Castro circles operating from Florida.
Central Intelligence Committe (CIA)
Congressional researcher Gaeton Fonzi noted that in late 1963 "several large deposits popped up in de Mohrenschildts Haitian bank account including one for two hundred thousand dollars from a Bahamian bank. This occurred when de Mohrenschildt and Charles were supposedly running a sisal plantation, a derelict operation they never went near"
Central Intelligence Committe (CIA)
Congressional researcher Gaeton Fonzi noted that in late 1963 "several large deposits popped up in de Mohrenschildts Haitian bank account including one for two hundred thousand dollars from a Bahamian bank. This occurred when de Mohrenschildt and Charles were supposedly running a sisal plantation, a derelict operation they never went near"
Harold Tannenbaum Association
The HSCA reported that Ruby knew New Orleans nightclub figure Harold Tannenbaum and was considering a business partnership with him during the fall of 1963.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Another important role is the ability to disseminate disinformation to foreign intelligence services in an effort to create for them a false picture of reality
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
The primary role of Counterintelligence is to protect agents from a foreign intelligence organization from uncovering CIA assets and operations.
Fair Play for Cuba Committee (FPCC)
Because of the nature of what was done there, Office of Security files were the most closely guarded in the Agency. It is significant that Angleton-s CI/SIG group had access to these files.
Fair Play for Cuba Committee (FPCC)
It is also significant that the Office of Security also had a file on Oswald, and was running an operation against the FPCC at the time Oswald was attaching himself that organization
Fair Play for Cuba Committee (FPCC)
The Office of Security-s primary role was to protect the CIA from harm. This involves monitoring the CIA-s own employees and assets to ensure that no one leaks data about the CIA, or betrays the CIA in any way.
Special Investigations Group (SIG)
Because of the nature of what was done there, Office of Security files were the most closely guarded in the Agency. It is significant that Angleton-s CI/SIG group had access to these files.
Special Investigations Group (SIG)
Inside this large group was a small handful of Angleton-s most trusted and closed-mouthed associates, called the Special Investigations Group (SIG)
Special Investigations Group (SIG)
It is also significant that the Office of Security also had a file on Oswald, and was running an operation against the FPCC at the time Oswald was attaching himself that organization.
Special Investigations Group (SIG)
SIG is all-important in the case of the Kennedy assassination because, for whatever reason, SIG held a 201 file on Lee Oswald prior to the assassination. Angleton-s complete counterintelligence empire employed over 200 people.
Special Investigations Group (SIG)
The Office of Security-s primary role was to protect the CIA from harm. This involves monitoring the CIA-s own employees and assets to ensure that no one leaks data about the CIA, or betrays the CIA in any way.
FBI
After the Kennedy assassination, Hosty did not disclose Oswalds letter about Marina to the Warren Commission and destroyed Oswalds letter on his superiors order. Because of this, Hosty attracted speculation as a possible conspirator in several conspiracy theories
Warren Commission
After the Kennedy assassination, Hosty did not disclose Oswald's letter about Marina to the Warren Commission and destroyed Oswald's letter on his superior's order. Because of this, Hosty attracted speculation as a possible conspirator in several conspiracy theories
Warren Commission
Later states that after the firing stopped she saw a white man wearing a brown overcoat and a hat running west away from the Depository Building in the direction of the railroad tracks.
Warren Commission
She has since stated when she saw a photo of Jack Ruby after his killing of Lee Harvey Oswald she now believes he was the man she saw running.
Ruby Contacts with Hoffa Associates
The HSCA confirmed that Ruby contacted several Hoffa associates during October and November 1963, while those associates maintained that the calls concerned Ruby's nightclub labor dispute.
Grassy Knoll
Testifies to the Warren Commission that one or more shots came from the grassy knoll
Discussion of Murret Activities
The HSCA reported that Oswald discussed Charles Murret's underworld activities with his wife Marina during 1963.
Financial Help from Charles Murret
Charles Murret lent Oswald money for an apartment deposit and later paid expenses for the Oswald family's July trip to Mobile, showing continuing financial support from his underworld-associated uncle.
Knowledge of Murret Activities
The HSCA established that Oswald knew about his uncle Charles Murret's underworld activities while living in New Orleans.
Rifle Bag in Texas School Book Depository
And was not the same type as the package supposedly found on the sixth floor.
Rifle Bag in Texas School Book Depository
Either he had at least one accomplice, or the rifle was brought into the building without his knowledge.
Rifle Bag in Texas School Book Depository
There is no credible evidence that Oswald brought a rifle into the Texas School Book Depository himself.
Rifle Bag in Texas School Book Depository
Whether or not Oswald had actually claimed to be carrying curtain rods, Fraziers and Randles accounts demonstrate that Oswald had not been carrying a rifle: the paper bag he was holding was much too small.
Texas School Book Depository
And was not the same type as the package supposedly found on the sixth floor.
Texas School Book Depository
Either he had at least one accomplice, or the rifle was brought into the building without his knowledge.
Texas School Book Depository
There is no credible evidence that Oswald brought a rifle into the Texas School Book Depository himself.
Texas School Book Depository
Whether or not Oswald had actually claimed to be carrying curtain rods, Fraziers and Randles accounts demonstrate that Oswald had not been carrying a rifle: the paper bag he was holding was much too small.
Grassy Knoll
Testifies to the Warren Commission that after the assassination she watched a man running from near the Texas School Book Depository towards the picket fence area, Hill crossed the street and ran with many towards the grassy knoll after the shots ended
Lady In Red
A voice-over then says that "an actuary of the British newspaper The Sunday Times calculated the probability that all these people who witnessed the assassination would die within that period of time to be 100,000 trillion to one"
Lady In Red
Hill apparently always thought of herself as a survivor after many of the other witnesses to the assassination died shortly after President Kennedys death under what some considered to be mysterious circumstances.
Lady In Red
Hill stated that she received death threats and that the brake lines of her automobile were cut after the assassination.
Lady In Red
The assertions of the mysterious deaths connected with the assassination became a much more well known part of the popular conspiracy debate after appearing in the epilogue of the film Executive Action, which purports to show how a conspiracy could have been carried out.
Lady In Red
The films epilogue states that "of 18 witnesses: all but two of whom died from unnatural causes within three years of the assassination".
Texas School Book Depository
Testifies to the Warren Commission that after the assassination she watched a man running from near the Texas School Book Depository towards the picket fence area, Hill crossed the street and ran with many towards the grassy knoll after the shots ended
Warren Commission
Testifies to the Warren Commission that after the assassination she watched a man running from near the Texas School Book Depository towards the picket fence area, Hill crossed the street and ran with many towards the grassy knoll after the shots ended
Grassy Knoll
Buell Wesley Frazier, Billy Lovelady and Otis Williams, three men who were standing on the front steps of the Texas School Book Depository, directly underneath the supposed snipers nest, claimed that all the shots came from the general direction of the grassy knoll
Texas School Book Depository
Buell Wesley Frazier, Billy Lovelady and Otis Williams, three men who were standing on the front steps of the Texas School Book Depository, directly underneath the supposed snipers nest, claimed that all the shots came from the general direction of the grassy knoll
Grassy Knoll
Testifies to the Warren Commission that one or more shots came from the grassy knoll
Warehouse Superintendent
Roy Truly served as superintendent of the Texas School Book Depository and supervised employees working throughout the building.
Commission
Ruth Paine is a key witnesses for the Warren Commission with detailed information on the activities of the Oswalds
Mannlicher-Carcano Gun
The rifle was sent to the FBI laboratory, where Sebastian Latona found that there was nothing visible in the way of any latent prints on there. Latona applied silver nitrate to the bag, and discovered two partial prints that were matched to records of Oswalds prints
Grassy Knoll
Testifies to the Warren Commission that one or more shots came from the grassy knoll
Motorcade Route
Victoria Adams was watching the motorcade from a window on the fourth floor of the Texas School Book Depository. She believed the sound came from toward the right of the building, rather than from the left and above as it must have been according to subsequent information disseminated by the news services
Texas School Book Depository
Victoria Adams was watching the motorcade from a window on the fourth floor of the Texas School Book Depository. She believed the sound came from toward the right of the building, rather than from the left and above as it must have been according to subsequent information disseminated by the news services
Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Representatives from over 90 countries, including the Soviet Union, attend the funeral, after the service, the casket is taken by caisson to Arlington National Cemetery for burial
Congress of Racial Equality
The Leaders and organisations comprising the Big Six were are ML King, Roy Wilkins, NAACP; Whitney Young, Jr., Urban League; A. Philip Randolph, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; John Lewis, SNCC & James Farmer of the Congress of Racial Equality
Demonstrations
The Leaders and organisations comprising the Big Six were are ML King, Roy Wilkins, NAACP; Whitney Young, Jr., Urban League; A. Philip Randolph, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; John Lewis, SNCC & James Farmer of the Congress of Racial Equality
Demonstrations
The Leaders and organisations comprising the Big Six were are ML King, Roy Wilkins, NAACP; Whitney Young, Jr., Urban League; A. Philip Randolph, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; John Lewis, SNCC & James Farmer of the Congress of Racial Equality
SNCC
The Leaders and organisations comprising the Big Six were are ML King, Roy Wilkins, NAACP; Whitney Young, Jr., Urban League; A. Philip Randolph, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; John Lewis, SNCC & James Farmer of the Congress of Racial Equality
Demonstrations
Demands include an end to racial segregation in public school; meaningful civil rights legislation, including a law prohibiting racial discrimination in employment; protection of civil rights workers from police brutality & a $2 minimum wage
Demonstrations
More than a quarter million people of diverse ethnicities attend the event, sprawling from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial onto the National Mall and around the reflecting pool.
Demonstrations
The Leaders and organisations comprising the Big Six were are ML King, Roy Wilkins, NAACP; Whitney Young, Jr. , Urban League; A. Philip Randolph, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; John Lewis, SNCC & James Farmer of the Congress of Racial Equality.
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
The Leaders and organisations comprising the Big Six were are ML King, Roy Wilkins, NAACP; Whitney Young, Jr., Urban League; A. Philip Randolph, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; John Lewis, SNCC & James Farmer of the Congress of Racial Equality
Demonstrations
The Leaders and organisations comprising the Big Six were are ML King, Roy Wilkins, NAACP; Whitney Young, Jr., Urban League; A. Philip Randolph, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; John Lewis, SNCC & James Farmer of the Congress of Racial Equality
Demonstrations
The Leaders and organisations comprising the Big Six were are ML King, Roy Wilkins, NAACP; Whitney Young, Jr., Urban League; A. Philip Randolph, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; John Lewis, SNCC & James Farmer of the Congress of Racial Equality
Demonstrations
The Leaders and organisations comprising the Big Six were are ML King, Roy Wilkins, NAACP; Whitney Young, Jr., Urban League; A. Philip Randolph, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; John Lewis, SNCC & James Farmer of the Congress of Racial Equality
Urban League
The Leaders and organisations comprising the Big Six were are ML King, Roy Wilkins, NAACP; Whitney Young, Jr., Urban League; A. Philip Randolph, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; John Lewis, SNCC & James Farmer of the Congress of Racial Equality
Civil Disobedience
King, representing the SCLC, is among the leaders of the so-called "Big Six" civil rights organisations who are instrumental in the organisation of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
Civil Disobedience
Delivers "I Have a Dream" speech during the March on Washington attended by 200,000 protesters, creates powerful image, builds momentum for civil rights legislation
Demonstrations
At the time, it the largest gathering of protesters in Washingtons history, King's "I Have a Dream" speech electrified the crowd.
Demonstrations
King, representing the SCLC, is among the leaders of the so-called "Big Six" civil rights organisations who are instrumental in the organisation of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.
Demonstrations
Martin Luther King delivers "I Have a Dream" speech during the March on Washington attended by 200,000 protesters, creates powerful image, builds momentum for civil rights legislation.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
King, representing the SCLC, is among the leaders of the so-called "Big Six" civil rights organisations who are instrumental in the organisation of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
Postmaster General
Appointed Postmaster General
Investigation Closed
The FBI and Secret Service inquiry into Ferrie's possible association with Oswald was closed after investigators found insufficient evidence against Ferrie.
FBI
After the Kennedy assassination, Hosty did not disclose Oswalds letter about Marina to the Warren Commission and destroyed Oswalds letter on his superiors order. Because of this, Hosty attracted speculation as a possible conspirator in several conspiracy theories
Mannlicher-Carcano Gun
The rifle was sent to the FBI laboratory, where Sebastian Latona found that there was nothing visible in the way of any latent prints on there. Latona applied silver nitrate to the bag, and discovered two partial prints that were matched to records of Oswalds prints
Nation of Islam
When asked to comment upon the assassination of John F. Kennedy, replies it was a case of "chickens coming home to roost," and added that "Chickens coming home to roost never made me sad. It only made me glad."
Mandate for Change
Publication of "Mandate for Change"
Mandate
Publication of "Mandate for Change"
Nation of Islam
When asked to comment upon the assassination of John F. Kennedy, replies it was a case of "chickens coming home to roost," and added that "Chickens coming home to roost never made me sad. It only made me glad."
Coup
Helps organise a coup which overthrows President Diem of South Vietnam
Mercury 22 Orbits
Cooper completes twenty-two Earth orbits during Faith 7, making the longest and final crewed flight of Project Mercury.
Standard Model
The first step towards the Standard Model is Sheldon Glashows discovery, in 1963, of a way to combine the electromagnetic and weak interactions
Rotation of Galaxies
Begins a year-long collaboration with Geoffrey and Margaret Burbidge, during which made her first observations of the rotation of galaxies at the McDonald Observatory's
Quasars
Schmidt identifies the redshift of quasar 3C 273, opening new relativistic astrophysics questions
Apollo Spacecraft Design
Contributes to Apollo command module design at the Manned Spacecraft Center.
Apollo Spacecraft Office
Directs Apollo spacecraft development during a critical design period.
All-Up Testing
Introduces all-up testing to accelerate Saturn and Apollo schedules.
Nobel Prize
Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for contributions to nuclear and particle theory, especially symmetry principles.
Victory-Ali
Henry Cooper knocks Ali down with a left hook near the end of the fourth round, the fight is stopped in the 5th round due to a deep cut on Coopers face
Chief Naval Operations
Appointed Chief of Naval Operations
Assistant Secretary of State
Appointed Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs
Nuclear Power
France refuses to join the Anglo-American nuclear pact. Agrees to sell Polaris to Britain
Polaris
Agrees to sell Polaris to Britain
Assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem
Urges Kennedy to support the coup against Diem which results in Diems assassination
Coup
Urges Kennedy to support the coup against Diem which results in Diems assassination
Alliance United States and Thailand
Sends 3,000 troops to Thailand on the Laos border to counter Vietcong insurgence
Assistant Secretary of State
Appointed Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs
Foreign Secretary of Vietnam
Appointed Foreign Minister
Assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem
Military Junta led by General Minh assassinates Diem, allegedly with US support
Death of Dinh Diem Ngo
Military Junta led by General Minh assassinates Diem, allegedly with US support
Demonstrations
A law against the flying of religious flags was selectively invoked; the Buddhist flag was banned from display on Vesak while.
Demonstrations
Discontent with Diem and Nhu exploded into mass protest during the summer of 1963 when nine Buddhists died at the hand of Diems army and police on Vesak, the birthday of Gautama Buddha.
Demonstrations
the Vatican flag was displayed to celebrate the anniversary of the consecration of Archbishop Ngo Dinh Thuc, Diems brother.
Coup
Helps organise a coup which overthrows President Diem of South Vietnam
Amnesty
Offers an amnesty to communist soldiers
Battle of Balaclava
An inferior Vietcong force defeats a South Vietnamese Div led by officers picked by Diem
Reballion of Rebels in Saigon
A Buddhist burns himself to death & triggers off demonstrations against the Government
Madame Nhu Statements
Defends the Diem regime during the Buddhist crisis
Exile of Moise-Kapenda Tshombe
Defeated by the United Nations troops & flees to Spain
Exile of Moise-Kapenda Tshombe
Defeated by the United Nations troops & flees to Spain
ZANU
The Zimbabwe African National Union party is founded by Ndabaningi Sithole, Herbert Chitepo, Edgar Tekere, Leopold Takawira and Robert Mugabe at the house of former Defence minister Enos Nkala in Highfield. Mugabe leaves ZAPU to join the rival Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU)
Matryonas Home
Solzhenitsyn published Matryona's Home, a story examining rural Russia and moral integrity.
Reception of The Clown
Böll's novel about a marginalized performer provoked debate about religion and society.
Self Management Decrees Issued
Ben Bella's administration formalizes self management arrangements for enterprises and agricultural properties abandoned after independence.
Agrarian Reform Becomes Government Priority
The new Algerian leadership identifies land control and agricultural production as central postcolonial economic problems.
Self Management Decrees Issued
Ben Bella's administration formalizes self management arrangements for enterprises and agricultural properties abandoned after independence.
Agrarian Reform Becomes Government Priority
The new Algerian leadership identifies land control and agricultural production as central postcolonial economic problems.
Kuwait Holds Parliamentary Elections
The first National Assembly elections take place under the constitution, establishing a parliamentary institution.
Kuwait Becomes United Nations Member
Kuwait joins the United Nations in May 1963, gaining universal diplomatic recognition.
Iraq Recognizes Kuwaiti Independence
Iraq formally recognizes Kuwait's sovereignty after the overthrow of Qasim.