PDPA
Helps establishes the Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan
Historical events in 1965
856 historical records
January 196543 historical events
Death of George Clarke Simpson
Death of George Clarke Simpson
Land Day
Fatah attack of the Israeli Water System
Fatah Armed Campaign Begins
Arafat's Fatah begins an armed campaign against Israel, marking the transition from clandestine political organization to sustained guerrilla activity.
Battle of Binh Gia
Viet Cong and PAVN forces complete the Battle of Binh Gia after inflicting heavy losses on South Vietnamese troops
Presidential Election
Ayub Khan defeats Fatima Jinnah in an indirect presidential election.
State of the Union
Uses the State of the Union address to press Congress for Great Society legislation.
Government Defence
Kerensky records his position on government defence in exile.
Congressional Intelligence Briefing Preparation
McCone commended CIA officers who prepared intelligence briefings for his appearances before the Senate Armed Services Committee and the Defense Appropriations Subcommittee.
Meeting with Northern Ireland Prime Minister
Meets Northern Ireland Prime Minister Terence O'Neill in a significant step toward improved cross-border relations.
Subterranean Homesick Blues
Records Subterranean Homesick Blues with electric backing.
Tired of Waiting for You
The Kinks release Tired of Waiting for You.
Government
Inaugurated President of the USA
Inauguration
Inaugurated President of the USA
Meeting with With Jewish representatives to discuss legitimizing Jewish
Generalissimo Francisco Franco meets with Jewish representatives to discuss legitimizing Jewish communities in Spain
Inaugural Address
Declares, "We can never again stand aside, prideful in isolation. Terrific dangers & troubles that we once called foreign now constantly live among us
Foreign Secretary of Great Britain
Appointed Foreign Minister, 1st term
Death of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
On the 70th anniversary of the death of his Father, Lord Randolph Churchill. Death of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, exactly 70 yrs after his father,. Death of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
Death of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
Death of Winston Churchill
Prime Minister of Iran
Appointed Prime Minister of Iran
Burial
The lying-in-state commences 9:00am, Wednesday, January 27th for 3 days
Coup
General Khanh seizes full control of South Vietnam's Government
Memo
NSA Bundy & Defense Secretary McNamara send a memo to Johnson stating America's military involvement is Vietnam failing. Bundy & McNamara advise Johnson the U.S. has reached a fork in the road in Vietnam & must either soon escalate or withdraw
Memo
NSA Bundy & Defence SecretaryMcNamara send a memo to Johnson stating Americas military involvement is Vietnam failing. Bundy & McNamara advise Johnson the US has reached a fork in the road in Vietnam & must either soon escalate or withdraw
Presidential Succession Reform
Johnson urged Congress to establish clearer constitutional procedures for presidential disability and for filling a vacancy in the vice presidency.
Burial
9:35am the bearer party of Grenadier Guards removes the coffin from the Catafalque
Burial
Announces Churchills body will lie-in-state at the Palace of Westminster for 3 days
Vice Premier
Appointed Vice Premier of the State Council
Anyway, Anyhow, Anywhere
"Anyway, Anyhow, Anywhere", 2nd UK hit, the only song credited as being composed in a joint effort by Townshend and Daltrey
Anyway, Anyhow, Anywhere
The Who release Anyway, Anyhow, Anywhere, credited to Townshend and Daltrey.
I Can't Explain
The Who release I Can't Explain, produced by Shel Talmy.
Burial
Given a state funeral & buried less than 1 mile from his place of birth
Burial
Churhills body lies in state at Westminster Hall. 350,000 people queued, most for three or four hours, to pay homage
Election
Loses the Leyton by-election, considerred a safe Labour seat
Election
Forced to resign after losing the Leyton by-election
Resignation of Patrick Chrestien Gordon Walker
Forced to resign after losing the Leyton by-election
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament
Election
Labour loses with an 8.7 percent swing to the Conservatives, produces political instability
United Nations
Indonesia withdraws from the United Nations & moves closer to China
I Can't Explain
The Who release I Can't Explain, produced by Shel Talmy.
Game Warden
Operation Game Warden begins U.S. Navy river patrols on South Vietnam's 3000 nautical miles of inland waterways
Visit to South Vietnam for the 1st time
National Security Adviser McGeorge Bundy visits South Vietnam for the 1st time
Memo
NSA Bundy & Defence SecretaryMcNamara send a memo to Johnson stating Americas military involvement is Vietnam failing. Bundy & McNamara advise Johnson the US has reached a fork in the road in Vietnam & must either soon escalate or withdraw
February 196537 historical events
International Gold Standard
De Gaulle calls for an international monetary system based more directly on gold than dollars.
Hanoi Visit
Visits Hanoi during early US escalation and discusses aid with North Vietnamese leaders
Siege of Pleiku
Viet Cong guerrillas attack the U.S. compound at Pleiku in the Central Highlands, killing 8 Americans, wounding 126 & destroying 10 aircraft
Bombing of Dong Hoi
Johnson approves Operation Flaming Dart, the bombing of a North Vietnamese army camp near Dong Hoi
Flaming Dart
Johnson approves Operation Flaming Dart, the bombing of a North Vietnamese army camp near Dong Hoi
Pleiku Attack
Westmoreland reports the attack on US facilities near Pleiku as Washington considers retaliation
Pleiku Attack
Bundy is in South Vietnam during the Pleiku attack that helps trigger US air escalation
Pleiku Attack
Viet Cong forces attack Camp Holloway near Pleiku, prompting US retaliatory air strikes
Operation Flaming Dart
Johnson orders retaliatory air strikes against North Vietnam after the attack on Camp Holloway near Pleiku
Bombing of Dong Hoi
U.S. air attacks take place on bases at Dong Hoi in retaliation for Pleiku. The beginning of limited offensive attacks on military targets in North Vietnam
Operation Rolling Thunder
President Johnson authorizes Operation Rolling Thunder
Operation Rolling Thunder
President Johnson approves sustained bombing plans against North Vietnam
Indochina Conference
Hosts the first Conference of the Indochinese Peoples in Phnom Penh
Maple Leaf Flag
Adopts the Maple Leaf flag as Canada national flag.
Shadow Chancellor
Serves briefly as Shadow Chancellor before becoming party leader.
Parliamentary Reform
Razzaz participates in parliamentary reform connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Coup
General Khanh finally ousted from power and a new military/civilian Government installed, led by Dr. Phan Huy Quat
Khanh Ouster
Ky helps the military leadership neutralise Khanh's attempt to rally support after his removal
Coup Crisis
Dissident generals and the Armed Forces Council move against Khanh during South Vietnam's February coup crisis
Khanh Ouster
Khanh travels to Da Lat while trying unsuccessfully to resist the Armed Forces Council's decision to remove him
Assassination of Malcolm X
Assassinated addressing a rally at the Audobon Ballroom, Harlem, on the first day of National Brotherhood Week
Death of Malcolm X
Death of Malcolm X, assassinated
Assassination of Malcolm X
Assassinates Malcolm X
Created Cardinal
Pope Paul VI creates Conway a cardinal while he is serving as Archbishop of Armagh.
Siege of Da Nang
General Westmoreland requests 2 battalions of US Marines to protect the American air base at Da Nang from 6000 Vietcong
Death of Arthur Stanley Jefferson Laurel
Death of Arthur Stanley Jefferson Laurel
Afro-Asian Solidarity Seminar Speech
Guevara addresses the Second Economic Seminar of Afro-Asian Solidarity in Algiers.
Ambassador-at-Large
Khanh accepts the face-saving post of ambassador-at-large after being forced from power by the Armed Forces Council
The Last Time
The Rolling Stones release The Last Time, an early Jagger-Richards hit.
Bloody Sunday
His death inspires the Selma to Montgomery march.
President of Austria
Appointed President of Austria
Nyerere State Visit Talks
Meets Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere and discusses economic cooperation, including proposals for a Tanzania-Zambia railway.
Mockingbirds
Gouldman dissolves and formsThe Mockingbirds with Jacobsen and Basso and a former member of fellow Manchester band The Sabres, Kevin Godley (drums)
Mockingbirds
Gouldman dissolves and formsThe Mockingbirds with Jacobsen and Basso and a former member of fellow Manchester band The Sabres, Kevin Godley (drums)
Alliance Aleksei Nikolaevich Kosygin and to counter the American "aggression
Prime Minister Kosygin is pressured by the North Vietnamese to provide unlimited military aid to counter the American "aggression"
Alliance Lyndon Baines Johnson and to counter the American "aggression
Prime Minister Kosygin is pressured by the North Vietnamese to provide unlimited military aid to counter the American "aggression"
Opinion Poll
Opinion polls shortly after the bombing indicate a 70 percent approval rating for the President and an 80 percent approval of U.S. military involvement
March 196582 historical events
Operation Rolling Thunder
Scheduled to last 8 weeks, Rolling Thunder will continue for 3 yrs. Operation Rolling Thunder begins as over 100 American fighter-bombers attack targets in North Vietnam
Operation Rolling Thunder
Begins sustained bombing of North Vietnam
Operation Rolling Thunder
Begins sustained bombing of North Vietnam under Operation Rolling Thunder
Operation Rolling Thunder
Moore's 2nd Air Division participates in the opening phase of Rolling Thunder
Operation Rolling Thunder
Sharp helps direct Pacific command responsibilities for Rolling Thunder operations
Operation Rolling Thunder
Rolling Thunder starts as the United States escalates air attacks against North Vietnam
Operation Rolling Thunder
Sustained US bombing of North Vietnam begins under Operation Rolling Thunder
Operation Rolling Thunder
Johnson begins sustained bombing of North Vietnam under Operation Rolling Thunder
Operation Rolling Thunder
McNamara supports the air campaign intended to pressure Hanoi and restrict support for the Viet Cong
Quote
"Christianity will go. It will vanish and shrink. I neednt argue with that; Im right and I will be proved right. Were more popular than Jesus now. I dont know which will go first, rock n roll or Christianity"
Kinda Kinks
The Kinks release the album Kinda Kinks.
Bloody Sunday
Is beaten unconscious during the bridge attack.
Bloody Sunday
Works with SCLC during the Selma campaign.
Bloody Sunday
Local voter registration struggle frames the march.
Bloody Sunday
Supports the voting rights campaign in Alabama.
Bloody Sunday
Young local activists support the voting rights march.
Bloody Sunday
Supports the voting rights campaign that led to the march.
Bloody Sunday
Helps shape the Selma voting rights campaign.
Bloody Sunday
His earlier arrest helps intensify the Selma campaign.
Bloody Sunday
Marches for voting rights on Bloody Sunday.
Bloody Sunday
Media coverage spreads news of the attack.
Bloody Sunday
Learns that marchers have been attacked in Selma.
Bloody Sunday
Is absent when local civil rights leaders march from Selma and are attacked.
Bloody Sunday
SCLC supports the voting rights campaign, but King is not on the first march.
Bloody Sunday
Photographs help publicise violence on the bridge.
Bloody Sunday
Commands Alabama troopers at the bridge confrontation.
Bloody Sunday
Co-leads the first Selma to Montgomery march.
Bloody Sunday
Leads marchers toward the Edmund Pettus Bridge.
Bloody Sunday
SNCC activists support local demands for voting rights.
Bloody Sunday
Local law enforcement confronts voting rights demonstrators.
Bloody Sunday
Orders marchers to disperse before troopers attack.
Bloody Sunday
Opposes the march and defends segregationist state authority.
Bloody Sunday
Faces national outrage after the bridge attack.
Bloody Sunday
Federal officials respond to the crisis after Bloody Sunday.
Bloody Sunday
Helps national support build after the televised violence.
Bloody Sunday
Voting rights campaigners connect Selma to wider disenfranchisement.
Bloody Sunday
Joins efforts to continue the march after the violence.
Landing-Da Nang
The 9th Marine Expeditionary Brigade are the 1st U.S. ground combat force in Vietnam
Napalm Bombing
Johnson authorizes the use of Napalm, a petroleum based anti-personnel bomb that showers hundreds of explosive pellets upon impact
Siege of Da Nang
The 1st U.S. combat troops arrive in Vietnam as 3500 Marines land at China Beach to defend the American air base at Da Nang
Siege of Da Nang
The 1st US combat troops arrive in Vietnam as 3500 Marines land at China Beach to defend the American air base at Da Nang
Da Nang Landing
Commands Marines landing at Da Nang as the first major US ground combat units
US Combat Troops
Westmoreland receives the first major US ground combat deployment at Da Nang
US Marines Land at Da Nang
Karch commands the Marine brigade whose combat troops land at Da Nang
US Combat Troops
US Marines land at Da Nang as the first major American ground combat deployment to South Vietnam
US Ground Escalation
The arrival of US Marines at Da Nang marks a major escalation of the war
US Ground Escalation
Johnson authorises the deployment of Marines to defend the Da Nang air base
Appalachian Regional Development Act
Signs the Appalachian Regional Development Act, creating a regional development programme for Appalachia.
Bloody Sunday
Dies after being attacked during Selma campaign events.
Market Time
Joint effort between the U.S. Navy & South Vietnamese Navy to disrupt North Vietnamese sea routes used to funnel supplies into the South. 1st day of Operation-Market Time, results in the North Vietnamese shifting to the more difficult land route along the Ho Chi Minh trail
Operation Market Time
US naval patrols begin Operation Market Time to stop seaborne communist supply to South Vietnam
Operation Market Time
US and South Vietnamese naval forces begin coastal interdiction against supply routes supporting communist forces
Return to Cuba after International Tour
Guevara returns to Cuba after his international tour and soon disappears from public view.
Israels cabinet formally approves establishing diplomatic relations with West Germany
Israels cabinet formally approves establishing diplomatic relations with West Germany
Presidential Referendum
Wins another presidential term through an uncontested referendum.
Voting Rights Speech
Addresses Congress after Selma and calls for voting rights legislation, declaring “We shall overcome.”
Bloody Sunday
Calls for voting rights legislation after Selma.
Bloody Sunday
Later permits the protected Selma to Montgomery march.
First Spacewalk
The achievement marks first spacewalk as an important Russian scientific milestone.
Voskhod 2
Leaves Voskhod 2 and performs the first spacewalk.
Death of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
Gheorghiu-Dej dies, opening a succession struggle in the communist leadership.
Yardbirds
After being invited to replace Eric Clapton in The Yardbirds Page turns down the offer and suggested his friend Jeff Beck
Yardbirds
After being invited to replace Eric Clapton in The Yardbirds Page turns down the offer and suggested his friend Jeff Beck
Appointment as Prime Minister
King Idris appoints Maziq to head the national government.
Ho Chi Minh Trail
US planning expands air interdiction against infiltration routes used to support communist forces in South Vietnam
Communist Party Leadership
Ceausescu becomes first secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party.
Bringing It All Back Home
Releases Bringing It All Back Home.
Bringing It All Back Home
Releases an album mixing acoustic songs with electric instruments.
Chairman of Council of State
Stoica becomes chairman of the Council of State after Gheorghiu-Dej's death.
Black Power
The march finally goes ahead fully, it is during this march that Willie Ricks coins the phrase "Black Power"
Demonstrations
The march finally goes ahead fully, it is during this march that Willie Ricks coins the phrase "Black Power"
Bloody Sunday
Is murdered after supporting the Selma voting rights campaign.
Black Power
The march finally goes ahead fully, it is during this march that Willie Ricks coins the phrase "Black Power"
Demonstrations
The march finally goes ahead fully, it is during this march that Willie Ricks coins the phrase "Black Power". On the steps of the state capitol building, King delivers a speech that has become known as "How Long, Not Long"
Studio Z Obscenity Arrest
Is arrested after an undercover officer commissions a suggestive audio recording; he later serves ten days in jail.
Siege of Embassy
Viet Cong terrorists bomb the U.S. embassy in Saigon
Parliamentary Elections
Tshombe's political alliance wins the largest bloc in national parliamentary elections.
March Agricultural Programme
Backs higher agricultural investment and procurement incentives at the March Central Committee plenum.
Bombing of Ho Chi Minh Trail
The 1st air strikes against the Ho Chi Minh trail
Military Planning
Dung serves in Hanoi's high command as communist forces intensify operations in the South
War Direction
Dung helps direct North Vietnam's military planning during the American escalation
Ho Chi Minh Trail
US intelligence estimates heavy communist supply movement through Laos and presses for stronger interdiction
April 196536 historical events
Farewell Letter to Fidel Castro
Guevara gives Fidel Castro a farewell letter renouncing his Cuban government posts before leaving on an international mission.
Help!
John Lennon composes "Help!" the title song for the Beatles second film. He later confides that the lyrics are a cry for help and a clue to the confusion and despondency he feels
Greenwich Borough Created
The London Borough of Greenwich is created under local government reorganisation.
Regional Diplomacy
Razzaz participates in regional diplomacy connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Mobilization
The decision to allow offensive operations is kept secret from the American press & public for 2 months. President Johnson authorizes sending 2 more Marine battalions & up to 20,000 logistical personnel to Vietnam
Troop Increase Request
Westmoreland presses for additional US ground forces as the war intensifies
Vietnam Strategy Letter to Johnson
McCone warned President Johnson against relying on an expanded ground war and argued that military pressure on North Vietnam required a broader strategic approach.
Steel Tiger Coordination
Coordinates US embassy approval for air operations over Laos
Operation Steel Tiger
Approves air interdiction against Ho Chi Minh Trail routes in southern Laos
Operation Steel Tiger
US air operations expand against infiltration routes connected to the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos
Operation Steel Tiger
Johnson approves expanded air interdiction against infiltration routes through Laos
Corporation Tax
Callaghan announces corporation tax as a separate charge on company profits.
TSR-2 Cancellation
Healey announces the cancellation of the costly TSR-2 strike and reconnaissance aircraft programme.
TSR-2
Healey announces cancellation of the TSR-2 strike aircraft programme.
Speech
Delivers "Peace Without Conquest" Speech offering Hanoi "unconditional discussions" to stop the war in return for massive modernization of Vietnam
Merger Treaty Signature
France joined the agreement to create a single Commission and Council for the three European Communities.
Merger Treaty
Heads the West German government when the Six sign the Merger Treaty creating a single Council and Commission.
Merger Treaty
Represents Italian foreign policy as the Merger Treaty is signed in Brussels.
Merger Treaty
Heads the Italian government when the Six sign the Merger Treaty for the European Communities.
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
Signs the Elementary and Secondary Education Act near his former school in Stonewall, Texas.
Mr Tambourine Man
The Byrds turn Dylan's Mr Tambourine Man into a folk-rock hit.
C-Energy of Gravitational Waves
Thorne develops a measurable energy description for cylindrical systems and shows that Einstein-Rosen gravitational waves transport this energy through spacetime.
Harrisongs Ltd
Brian Epstein is appointed Director of Harrisongs Ltd
Mobilization
McNamara, Westmoreland, Wheeler, William Bundy & Ambassador Taylor recommend to the President sending another 40,000 combat soldiers
Bombing of Vietnam
McNamara & Westmorland agree to use B52s for conventional bombing in South Vietnam
Mobilization
McNamara, Westmoreland, Wheeler, William Bundy & Ambassador Taylor recommend to the President sending another 40,000 combat soldiers
Bombing of Vietnam
McNamara & Westmorland agree to use B52s for conventional bombing in South Vietnam
Mobilization
McNamara, Westmoreland, Wheeler, William Bundy & Ambassador Taylor recommend to the President sending another 40,000 combat soldiers
Mobilization
President Johnson raises America's combat strength in Vietnam to more than 60,000
Final Vietnam Intelligence Review
McCone participated in a senior review of an Intelligence Community assessment on Vietnam while continuing to challenge assumptions behind the administration's escalation plans.
Scottish Cup Winning Captain
Captains Celtic to Scottish Cup victory over Dunfermline at Hampden.
Scottish Cup Victory
Wins the Scottish Cup in his first weeks as Celtic manager, defeating Dunfermline at Hampden.
Final Meeting and Retirement
McCone met President Johnson for the final time as DCI, urged stronger personal intelligence briefings for his successor, and retired as William Raborn took office.
Congo Mission under Alias Tatu
During the Congo mission, Guevara operates under the name Tatu while working with Cuban and Congolese guerrillas.
Scottish Cup
Following a barren period of 8 years without a trophy for Celtic, just six weeks after becoming manager, leads Celtic to Scottish Cup success in a 3-2 victory over his old club Dunfermline
Rule of Rann of Kutch
Fighting in the Rann of Kutch precedes the wider 1965 India-Pakistan war and ends with international mediation.
May 196523 historical events
Liverpool First FA Cup
Leads Liverpool to their first FA Cup, defeating Leeds United 2-1 after extra time.
St John Heads First Liverpool Cup Winner
Ian St John scored the extra-time winner against Leeds United at Wembley, giving Liverpool its first FA Cup during Shankly’s management.
Hunt Breaks Wembley Deadlock
Roger Hunt headed Liverpool into the lead against Leeds United in the 1965 FA Cup final, before the match went to extra time.
Mobilization
The 1st U.S. Army combat troops, 3500 men of the 173rd Airborne Brigade, arrive in Vietnam
Debut
Given his international debut in a 1-1 draw with Yugoslavia in Belgrade
Diplomatic Correspondence
West Germany and Israel exchange letters establishing diplomatic relations
Several Arab nations break ties with West Germany
Several Arab nations break ties with West Germany after it established diplomatic relations with Israel
Siege of Phuoc Long
Earns the Congressional Medal of Honor by knocking out a Viet Cong machine-gun then guiding rescue helicopters, while wounded four times
Bombing of Vietnam
The 1st bombing pause is announced by the U.S. in the hope that Hanoi will now negotiate
Siege of Phuoc Long
The Viet Cong attack the U.S. special forces camp in Phuoc Long
Phuoc Long Defense
Williams helps defend the Special Forces camp during the Viet Cong attack at Phuoc Long
Phuoc Long Attack
Viet Cong forces attack the US Special Forces camp at Song Be in Phuoc Long Province
Head Start
Announces Project Head Start as an early childhood education programme within the War on Poverty.
Two Goals in European Cup Winners Cup Final
Alan Sealey scores both goals as West Ham United defeat 1860 Munich 2-0 at Wembley and win their first major European trophy.
Bombing of Vietnam
U.S. bombing of North Vietnam resumes
Set Me Free
The Kinks release Set Me Free.
First Dortmund German Cup Triumph
Plays in Dortmund’s 2-0 DFB-Pokal final victory over Alemannia Aachen, earning the club its first German Cup trophy.
World Champion
Cassius Clay knocks out challenger Sonny Liston in one minute and 56 seconds of the first round
President of Bolivia
Ovando becomes sole president after Barrientos leaves the co-presidency.
Battle of Ba Gia
Thi's I Corps faces heavy pressure during the communist offensive around Ba Gia
Battle of Ba Gia
Communist forces open the Battle of Ba Gia during the 1965 summer offensive
Satisfaction Riff
Develops the guitar riff for Satisfaction during the Stones's American tour period.
Viet Cong Offensive
Viet Cong forces launch coordinated attacks during the 1965 summer offensive
June 196544 historical events
President of Honduras
Appointed President of Honduras
Satisfaction
The Rolling Stones release Satisfaction in the United States.
Visit to Tanzania
Visits Tanzania and deepens political and development cooperation with President Julius Nyerere.
President of Austria
Appointed President of Austria
Battle of Dong Xoai
Vien helps direct South Vietnamese responses to the Viet Cong attack at Dong Xoai
Battle of Dong Xoai
Westmoreland monitors the battle as Viet Cong forces overrun positions around Dong Xoai
Battle of Dong Xoai
Le Trong Tan is associated with communist command during the Dong Xoai campaign
Battle of Dong Xoai
Shields is mortally wounded while helping defend the Special Forces camp at Dong Xoai
Resignation of Phan Huy Quat
Quat resigns as civilian rule collapses before the military government takes over
MBE
The Beatles are awarded an MBE in the Queens Birthday Honours List
Beatles, The
The Beatles are awarded Englands prestigious MBE (Members of the Order of the British Empire). John comments, "I thought you had to drive tanks and win wars to get the MBE"
MBE
The Beatles are awarded an MBE in the Queens Birthday Honours List
MBE
The Beatles are awarded an MBE in the Queens Birthday Honours List
Rolling Stones, The
Rolling Stones release "Satisfaction"
Honours
The Beatles are awarded an MBE in the Queens Birthday Honours List
President of Pakistan
Ayub Khan continues as President following the 1965 indirect election.
Resignation of Phan Khac Suu
Suu leaves office as the generals prepare a new military government
Operation Arc Light
Operation Light I, bombing of Ben Cat Special Zone Viet Cong base, a limited success
Operation Arc Light
Johnson authorises the first B-52 combat strikes under Operation Arc Light
Operation Arc Light
Ryan's Strategic Air Command executes the first B-52 Arc Light mission from Guam
Coup
Ben Bella is overthrown in a bloodless coup by the Commander of the armed forces
Head of State
Thieu becomes chief of state as South Vietnam's military leaders form a new ruling structure
Ky Premiership
The National Leadership Committee under Thieu appoints Nguyen Cao Ky as premier
Military Government
Thieu becomes chief of state in the new South Vietnamese military government
Military Government
Ky begins governing as premier after South Vietnam's military leadership restructures power
Prime Minister of South Vietnam
Ky is appointed prime minister of South Vietnam by the military leadership
Prime Minister of South Vietnam
Appointed Prime Minister of South Vietnam under the military government
Prime Minister of South Vietnam
Ky becomes prime minister as South Vietnam seeks stability after repeated coups
Military Government
Thieu becomes head of state while Ky takes the stronger executive premiership
National Leadership Committee
Thieu heads the National Leadership Committee after South Vietnam's generals reorganise the government
Prime Minister Appointment
Thieu's military leadership group appoints Ky as premier of South Vietnam
Military Government
Ky takes power as prime minister while Nguyen Van Thieu serves as chief of state
Military Government
The military leadership appoints Ky to the premiership under the new South Vietnamese government
Prime Minister of South Vietnam
Ky begins a premiership intended to end the cycle of coups in Saigon
Prime Minister of South Vietnam
Ky is appointed prime minister of South Vietnam
Prime Minister of South Vietnam
Ky is premier of South Vietnam, not vice president, during 1965
Prime Minister of South Vietnam
The National Leadership Committee appoints Ky as premier of South Vietnam
Nasser Talks on Algeria
Discusses the Algerian political situation and plans for a second Asian-African conference with President Nasser.
Meeting with Abdelaziz Bouteflika
Meets Algerian Foreign Minister Abdelaziz Bouteflika after the change of government in Algeria.
John Lennons second book, A Spaniard in the
John Lennons second book, A Spaniard in the Works, is published
Meeting with Ahmad Shukeiri
Meets Palestine Liberation Organization chairman Ahmad Shukeiri during Middle Eastern diplomatic consultations.
Speech
Announces on TV, "We will stand in Vietnam"
One-Party Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary seats are filled under the one-party system, with Convention People's Party candidates returned without competitive opposition.
Australian Troop Deployment
Brumfield commands 1RAR as Australian infantry deploys to South Vietnam
July 196528 historical events
Empty Chair Crisis
France began boycotting Council meetings during the Empty Chair crisis over agricultural finance and institutional voting.
Coup
Leads a successful coup in Algeria
President of Algeria
Appointed President of Algeria
Coup
Leads a successful coup in Algeria
Shadow Defence Appointment
Becomes Shadow Secretary of State for Defence under the newly elected Conservative leader Edward Heath.
Birth of Princess Alexia
Princess Alexia, the first child of Constantine II and Anne-Marie, is born at Mon Repos on Corfu.
Resignation as Prime Minister
Papandreou resigns during the constitutional crisis known as the Apostasia.
Papandreou Government Crisis
A confrontation between Constantine II and Prime Minister George Papandreou culminates in Papandreou's resignation and a prolonged political crisis.
Like a Rolling Stone
Releases Like a Rolling Stone, expanding expectations of a pop single.
Election
Defeats Powell & Maudling in 1st round of the 1st leadership contest by secret ballot
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Conservative Party
Resignation of Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home
Resigns as Party Leader of the Conservative Party
Victory-Ali
Patterson challenges for the crown again but is stopped in 12 rounds by Muhammad Ali
Air Force Command
Nur Khan assumes command of the Pakistan Air Force only weeks before the 1965 war with India.
Maggie's Farm
Performs electric material at Newport Folk Festival.
Pierre Harmel Government
Begins the Pierre Harmel Government in Brussels and serves as Prime Minister of Belgium.
Theo Lefevre Government
The Theo Lefevre Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as Prime Minister of Belgium.
Conservative Leadership Election
Is elected Leader of the Conservative Party after Alec Douglas-Home resigns.
US Combat Escalation
Receives expanded US combat forces after Johnson's escalation decision
Troop Escalation
Announces expanded US troop commitments to Vietnam
See My Friends
The Kinks release See My Friends.
Medicare and Medicaid
Johnson signs legislation creating federal health-insurance programmes for elderly and low-income Americans.
Medicare
Signs the Social Security Amendments creating Medicare and Medicaid.
Death of Farouk I
Death of Farouk I
Council Boycott
Couve de Murville defended France's withdrawal from Council meetings during the Empty Chair dispute.
Venice Beach Meeting
Decides to form a band after hearing Morrison's songs.
Venice Beach Meeting
Meets Ray Manzarek on Venice Beach after writing early songs.
Mobilization
Taylor asks for 125,000 men
August 196526 historical events
Help!
Produces Help!, the Beatles' second film soundtrack album.
Voting Rights Act
Signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965, outlawing discriminatory voting practices including literacy tests.
Bloody Sunday
Signs the Voting Rights Act after the Selma campaign.
Beatles, The
The Beatles play in front of almost 60,000 fans at Shea Stadium in New York City
Beatles, The
The Beatles play in front of almost 60,000 fans at Shea Stadium in New York City
Siege of Chu Lai
1st major U.S. ground operation in Vietnam as U.S. Marines wage a preemptive strike against 1500 Viet Cong planning to assault the U.S. airfield at Chu Lai
Starlite
1st major U.S. ground operation in Vietnam as U.S. Marines wage a preemptive strike against 1500 Viet Cong planning to assault the U.S. airfield at Chu Lai
Operation Starlite
Thi provides intelligence that helps trigger the Marine attack against the Viet Cong 1st Regiment
Operation Starlite
Walt directs the first major US Marine offensive operation of the war
Operation Starlite
Peatross commands regimental landing forces during Operation Starlite
Operation Starlite
Tru commands Viet Cong forces targeted by the Marine assault near Van Tuong
Holocaust
Auschwitz trials end with only 6 life sentences
Constitution of Romania
Ceausescu oversees adoption of the constitution establishing the Socialist Republic of Romania.
High Flux Isotope Reactor Criticality
Leads Oak Ridge during the period when HFIR reaches criticality and provides intense thermal-neutron flux.
Capture of Haji Pir Pass
Ranjit Singh Dyal leads troops in the assault that captures the strategically important Haji Pir Pass during the 1965 war.
Ballad of a Thin Man
Releases Ballad of a Thin Man on Highway 61 Revisited.
Desolation Row
Releases Desolation Row on Highway 61 Revisited.
Highway 61 Revisited
Releases Highway 61 Revisited.
Legislation
President Johnson signs a law criminalizing draft card burning, leads to widespread demonstrations
Demonstrations
President Johnson signs a law criminalizing draft card burning, leads to widespread demonstrations
Draft Card Burning
President Johnson signs a law criminalizing draft card burning
Nguyen Cao Ky Visit
Meets South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Cao Ky and discusses cooperation between the Republic of China and South Vietnam.
Opposition Leadership
Becomes Leader of the Opposition and prepares the Conservatives for government.
Operation Gibraltar
Ayub Khan's government backs Operation Gibraltar, an infiltration campaign intended to stimulate an uprising in Indian-administered Kashmir.
Joining The Doors
Joins Morrison and Manzarek in the emerging band.
Serious Post-Presidential Heart Attack
Suffers a serious heart attack that sharply reduces his participation in public affairs.
September 196547 historical events
Operation Grand Slam
Akhtar Hussain Malik launches Operation Grand Slam and advances through the Chhamb sector toward Akhnoor.
Operation Grand Slam
Ayub Khan's government opens Operation Grand Slam against the Akhnoor sector after fighting expands in Kashmir.
Declaration of War
Says the Vietnamese will defeat the US. Advocates a "peoples war" for rural areas to take over the cities
Command Transfer
Akhtar Hussain Malik is removed from command of Operation Grand Slam after its initial advances.
Operation Grand Slam
Yahya Khan takes command of Operation Grand Slam after Akhtar Hussain Malik is replaced.
World Pacific Demo
Records a six-song demo at World Pacific Studios.
World Pacific Demo
Plays bass on the early Doors demo session.
Court of Appeals
Appointed Member of US Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit
Declaration of War
India expands the conflict across the international border after fighting intensifies in Jammu and Kashmir.
Defence of Lahore
Musa Khan directs army operations as Indian forces cross the international border toward Lahore.
Operation Piranha
Walt directs Marine operations against Viet Cong forces on the Batangan Peninsula
Battle of Asal Uttar
Abdul Hamid destroys Pakistani tanks at Asal Uttar before being killed in action and later receives the Param Vir Chakra.
Battle of Phillora
A. B. Tarapore leads his armoured regiment during the Battle of Phillora and is later awarded the Param Vir Chakra for his actions.
Ogston Added as Scottish Goalkeeper
John Ogston arrived from Aberdeen in September 1965 as Liverpool reinforced their goalkeeping options during a period of domestic and European competition.
Department of Economic Affairs (DEA)
The Department of Economic Affairs releases its 1st National Plan
Economy of Great Britain
The Department of Economic Affairs releases its 1st National Plan
Labour's National Plan is published
Labour's National Plan is published
Gemini VIII
The crew assignments for Gemini 8 were announced with Neil Armstrong as Command Pilot with Pilot David Scott
Gemini VIII
The crew assignments for Gemini 8 were announced with Neil Armstrong as Command Pilot with Pilot David Scott
Battle of Dograi
Desmond Hayde commands 3 Jat during the hard-fought capture of Dograi near Lahore in the closing days of the war.
Tokyo General Conference
Attends the first IAEA General Conference held outside Vienna, convened in Tokyo.
Ceasefire with Pakistan
India accepts a United Nations-backed ceasefire that ends the main fighting of the 1965 war with Pakistan.
Ceasefire
Lal Bahadur Shastri accepts the United Nations-backed ceasefire that ends the main fighting between India and Pakistan.
Ceasefire
Ayub Khan accepts the United Nations-backed ceasefire that halts major fighting between Pakistan and India.
Out of Our Heads
The Rolling Stones release the UK version of Out of Our Heads.
National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Act
Signs legislation creating the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Parliamentary Elections
Afghanistan holds its first nationwide parliamentary elections under the 1964 Constitution.
Comedy
Tellls the BBC he does not want to do another Steptoe and Son series and in September goes to New York to appear in the Broadway musical Kelly at the Broadhurst theatre, however it closes after just one perfomance
Economy of Great Britain
The National Plan aimed to achieve a 25 per cent increase in the national product between 1964 and 1970 at a growth rate of 3.8 per cent per annum compound
Economy of Great Britain
The National Plan is a summary of action required to improve the balance of payments & secure rapid and sustained growth, (I) Government spending overseas on defence has to be cut quite drastically and aid to developing countries restrained until the deficit is eliminated, (2) Private investment abroad to be
Economy of Great Britain
cent in real terms from 1964 to 1970 to achieve the increase in capacity and the growth of productivity required for the additional exports and import reduction.
Economy of Great Britain
cut, reducing the net outflow of private capital by pounds 150 million next year (3) The Little Neddies have to work out schemes by which output per head can be increased, imports saved and exports boosted, fiscal restraints on imports (4) Manufacturing investment to be increased by about 7 per
National Plan
(4) Manufacturing investment to be increased by about 7 per cent in real terms from 1964 to 1970 to achieve the increase in capacity and the growth of productivity required for the additional exports and import reduction.
National Plan
Private investment abroad to be cut, reducing the net outflow of private capital by pounds 150 million next year (3) The Little Neddies have to work out schemes by which output per head can be increased, imports saved and exports boosted, fiscal restraints on imports
National Plan
The National Plan aimed to achieve a 25 per cent increase in the national product between 1964 and 1970 at a growth rate of 3.8 per cent per annum compound. The DEA is tasked with the preparation of a National Plan for the economy, published in September 1965
National Plan
The National Plan is a summary of action required to improve the balance of payments & secure rapid and sustained growth, (I) Government spending overseas on defence has to be cut quite drastically and aid to developing countries restrained until the deficit is eliminated, (2)
Indo-Pakistani War
Shastri leads India during the 1965 war with Pakistan, which ends after a United Nations-backed ceasefire.
Indian Air Force Operations
Arjan Singh directs Indian Air Force operations during the 1965 conflict and coordinates air support across the western front.
Army Operations
J. N. Chaudhuri serves as Chief of Army Staff while Indian forces conduct major operations against Pakistan during the 1965 war.
Western Command Defence
Harbaksh Singh commands the Western Army during the 1965 war and directs operations against Pakistani forces in Punjab and Kashmir.
Air Defence
Nur Khan directs Pakistan Air Force operations from a force centered on important bases including Sargodha.
Air War
Nur Khan commands the Pakistan Air Force throughout the September war and personally flies operational missions.
Sialkot Front
Musa Khan oversees Pakistani ground operations as heavy fighting develops around Sialkot.
Advance toward Akhnoor
Yahya Khan continues the Grand Slam advance toward Akhnoor, but the operation fails to achieve its main objective.
September Economic Reform
Supports economic reforms that restore central ministries while giving enterprises limited profitability incentives.
1st Cavalry Division
Westmoreland deploys the 1st Cavalry Division to the Central Highlands as US ground forces expand
1st Cavalry Division
Kinnard commands the newly arrived 1st Cavalry Division at An Khe
October 196523 historical events
Immigration and Nationality Act
The Act replaces national-origin quotas with family and employment-based immigration priorities.
Immigration and Nationality Act
Signs the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 at Liberty Island, ending the national origins quota system.
Shadow Minister
Appointed shadow spokesman on housing & land
Death of Former Prime Minister
Samir al-Rifai died in Amman at the age of 64. He had served six terms as prime minister and held multiple cabinet and Senate posts across several decades of Jordanian political history.
Fourth Einar Gerhardsen Government
The Fourth Einar Gerhardsen Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.
Per Borten Government
Begins the Per Borten Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.
Prime Minister of Norway
Appointed Prime Minister of Norway
Dismissal of Moise Tshombe
Kasa-Vubu dismisses Tshombe despite his alliance's electoral strength.
Conservative Conference Defence Speech
Uses his Conservative Party conference speech to argue for a defence policy centred on Britain's European and NATO commitments.
Demonstrations
Anti-war rallies occur in 40 U.S. cities and in international cities including London & Rome
Appointment as Prime Minister
Kasa-Vubu appoints Kimba to form a government after dismissing Tshombe.
Battle of Ia Drang
1st major battle of the Vietnam War between the United States Army and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN)
Battle of Ia Drang
North Vietnamese Army troops attack the U.S. Special Forces camp at Plei Me in a prelude to the Battle of Ia Ia Drang. 1st major battle of the Vietnam War between the United States Army and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN)
Siege of Plei Me
North Vietnamese Army troops attack the U.S. Special Forces camp at Plei Me in a prelude to the Battle of Ia Ia Drang
Siege of Plei Me
Vinh Loc commands South Vietnamese II Corps during the siege of Plei Me
Siege of Plei Me
Chu Huy Man commands communist forces in the Central Highlands campaign
Siege of Plei Me
Beckwith is involved with US Special Forces support during the Plei Me siege
Prime Minister of Turkey
Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 1st term
Pope Paul VI issues a decree absolving Jews of collective guilt for
Pope Paul VI issues a decree absolving Jews of collective guilt for the crucifixion of Jesus Christ
My Generation Single
Release My Generation as a defining mod-era single.
Independence of Great Britain
In a broadcast rules out military intervention if Rhodesia declares UDI
Independence of Rhodesia
In a broadcast rules out military intervention if Rhodesia declares UDI
Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI)
In a broadcast rules out military intervention if Rhodesia declares UDI
November 196547 historical events
Prime Minister of Afghanistan
Maiwandwal becomes prime minister after the first parliamentary elections under the 1964 Constitution.
Death of Norman Morrison
Death of Norman Morrison, suicide
Suicide
Death of Norman Morrison, suicide. Burns himself to death in protest against the war within 40 feet of the Pentagon
Election
Announces he will present himself as a Presidential candidite in the elections
Reform of Capital Punishment
Abolition of capital punishment
Capital Punishment
Supports the parliamentary campaign that suspends capital punishment for murder.
Higher Education Act
Signs the Higher Education Act at Southwest Texas State College, expanding federal aid for colleges and students.
Operation Hump
Joel treats wounded soldiers under fire during Operation Hump
Hai Rui Dismissed from Office
Yao Wenyuan's criticism of Wu Han's play becomes a major opening attack in the Cultural Revolution
Criticism of Wu Han
Yao Wenyuan publishes the attack on Hai Rui Dismissed from Office that helps trigger the cultural campaign
Criticism of Wu Han
Zhang Chunqiao supports publication of Yao Wenyuan's attack on Wu Han
Bombing of Hebron
A land mine near Hebron kills 3 Israeli policemen, Israel retaliates with a strike against West Bank villagers and runs into Jordanian troops in Samu
Siege of West Bank
A land mine near Hebron kills 3 Israeli policemen, Israel retaliates with a strike against West Bank villagers and runs into Jordanian troops in Samu
Independence of Great Britain
Rhodesia declares Unilateral Declaration of Independence
Independence of Rhodesia
Rhodesia declares Unilateral Declaration of Independence
Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI)
Condemns Rhodesia's unilateral declaration of independence and refuses recognition of Ian Smith's illegal regime.
Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI)
Smith declares independence under white minority rule, prompting international sanctions.
Unilateral Declaration of Independence
Smith's government issues a unilateral declaration of independence from Britain.
Rhodesia Sanctions
Announces economic sanctions after Rhodesia's illegal declaration of independence.
United Nations
Britain supports Security Council Resolution 216 calling on states not to recognise the Rhodesian minority regime.
Venera 2 Launch
Venera 2 launches toward Venus carrying instruments intended to study the planet and interplanetary space.
Parliamentary Rejection
Parliament rejects Kimba's proposed government, deepening the institutional deadlock.
Battle of Drang
1st Battalion/7th Cavalry, approximately 450-men strong under Lieutenant Colonel Hal Moore, began operations in the Ia Drang Valley
Battle of Ia Drang
Commands US strategy during the Ia Drang campaign
Battle of Ia Drang
Commands US cavalry troops at Landing Zone X-Ray
Battle of Ia Drang
Commands the 1st Battalion 7th Cavalry at LZ X-Ray
Ia Drang Helicopter Support
Flies repeated helicopter missions supporting troops at LZ X-Ray
Ia Drang Helicopter Missions
Flies repeated helicopter missions under fire during the Battle of Ia Drang
Battle of Ia Drang
Serves with Hal Moore during the Battle of Ia Drang
Battle of Ia Drang
Moore leads the 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry in the opening fight at LZ X-Ray
Battle of Ia Drang
Crandall flies repeated helicopter missions into LZ X-Ray during the battle
Battle of Ia Drang
Nguyen Huu An commands North Vietnamese forces in the Ia Drang fighting
Battle of Ia Drang
Chu Huy Man directs the B3 Front during the Central Highlands campaign
Battle of Ia Drang
North Vietnamese forces fight US airmobile troops in the first major battle between PAVN and the US Army
Battle of Ia Drang
Commands North Vietnamese forces during the Ia Drang campaign
Operation Arc Light
B-52s support US ground forces for the 1st time
LZ Albany Ambush
McDade's 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry is ambushed near LZ Albany during the Ia Drang campaign
Till the End of the Day
The Kinks release Till the End of the Day.
United Nations
Security Council Resolution 217 condemns Rhodesia's illegal authority and calls for no diplomatic or economic relations.
Departure from the Congo
Guevara leaves the Congo after concluding that the Cuban-backed guerrilla mission has failed.
Mobilization
Cables Washington requesting 200,000 more troops in 1966
Second Mobutu Coup
Mobutu removes Kasa-Vubu and assumes the presidency in a bloodless military coup.
The Kink Kontroversy
The Kinks release The Kink Kontroversy.
Mulamba Government
Mobutu appoints General Mulamba to head the first government of the new regime.
Birth of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
Churchill celebrates his 90th birthday
Home Secretary of Great Britain
Appointed Home Secretary, 1st term
Operation Arc Light
82 B-52Ds are modified to carry 42 750-pound bombs
December 196532 historical events
Mobilization
Reccommends to Johnson a diluted version of Bundys "just right" option
My Generation Album
Release the debut album My Generation.
Rubber Soul
Produces Rubber Soul, helping the Beatles move toward more mature studio songwriting.
Election
In the 1st round polls 43%, Mitterrand 27% & Lecanuet 20%, a 2nd round is required
Discount Rate and Regulation Q Increase
Federal Reserve policy raises the discount rate and simultaneously increases maximum rates payable on certain time deposits, tightening monetary conditions while allowing banks more flexibility to compete for funds.
Race Relations Act
Supports the first Race Relations Act as a Labour Member of Parliament.
Operation Harvest Moon
Walt oversees Marine participation in Operation Harvest Moon
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Council of State
Government
Appoints family members to senior positions within the Government
Resignation of Anastas Mikoyan
Resigns as the Chairman of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet, Head of State
Head of State
Appointed Head of State for Russia
Election
Wins the 2nd & final round with 54.6% to Mitterrands 45.4%
Drama
BBC Two screens an adaptation of the short story "Thirteen to Centaurus" directed by Peter Potter
Oil Sanctions
The Southern Rhodesia Petroleum Order comes into force as Britain tightens sanctions against Rhodesia.
Gemini VII
During the flight of Gemini VII, American astronauts Frank Borman and James A. Lovell set a duration record of fourteen days in Earth-orbit that holds for five years
Gemini VII
During the flight of Gemini VII, American astronauts Frank Borman and James A. Lovell set a duration record of fourteen days in Earth-orbit that holds for five years
Operation Harvest Moon
Barnum takes command under fire and helps direct Marine units during Operation Harvest Moon
Peace
Announces a 36 hr cease-fire commencing Christmas eve to negotiate with North Vietnam
Cabinet
Enters the Cabinet as Home Secretary after Frank Soskice leaves the office.
Peace
Agrees to extend the cease-fire indefinitely to promote negotiations with North Vietnam
Battle of Binh Gia
Viet Cong forces open the Battle of Binh Gia, which continues into early January 1965
Secret Return toward Cuba
After leaving Africa, Guevara is brought back secretly toward Cuba to prepare for a new guerrilla mission in Bolivia.
Anti-Corruption Campaign Announced
Promises to curb corruption and administrative disorder while consolidating the new military-backed government.
Five-Year Ban on Party Politics
Suspends competitive party activity for five years after seizing presidential power.
Revolutionary Volunteers Movement
Creates a pro-regime mass movement that helps prepare the centralized political system of the Second Republic.
Suspension of Right to Strike
Restricts strike activity as part of an early programme to impose political and administrative discipline.
Nobel Prize for Quantum Electrodynamics
Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics.
Nobel Prize for Quantum Electrodynamics
Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics.
Nobel Prize for Quantum Electrodynamics
Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics.
Bombing of Laos
Arc Light sorties hit Laos
Operation Arc Light
Arc Light sorties hit Laos
US Combat Troop Request
Requests substantial US combat forces for the war in Vietnam
Coup
Ahmed Ben Bella is overthrown by his former ally and Defence Minister, Houari Boumedienne
Constitution of Algeria
Boumedienne relies much more heavily on the army, and reduces the sole legal party to a merely symbolic role
Coup
Boumedienne relies much more heavily on the army, and reduces the sole legal party to a merely symbolic role
President of Algeria
Appointed President of Algeria
Peoples Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA)
Neto meets Marxist leader Che Guevara and soon receives funding from the Governments of Cuba, German Democratic Republic, and the Soviet Union
Meeting with Che Guevara & wins Cuban support
Meets Che Guevara & wins Cuban support
Sívori Begins Neapolitan Chapter
Omar Sívori arrived from Juventus and brought his inventive dribbling and competitive personality to Napoli's forward line in the mid-1960s.
Knighthood
Apppointed President of the Aristotelian Society from 1958 to 1959
Evolution
Publishes Evolution and Modification of Behaviour
Cellular Oxidation Organelle
Defines a cellular compartment involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification.
Peroxisome Discovery
Identifies peroxisomes as organelles containing oxidative enzymes.
Constitution of Botswana
The BDP wins the legislative elections, first to be held under universal adult suffrage, Seretse Khama becomes Prime Minister
Election
The BDP wins the legislative elections, first to be held under universal adult suffrage, Seretse Khama becomes Prime Minister
Prime Minister of Botswana
The BDP wins the legislative elections, first to be held under universal adult suffrage, Seretse Khama becomes Prime Minister
Prime Minister of Botswana
Appointed Prime Minister of Botswana
Santos Fifth Consecutive Taça Brasil
Pelé contributed to Santos winning a fifth straight Taça Brasil national championship during an era of extraordinary club success.
his novel Beautiful Losers
Cohen publishes his novel Beautiful Losers
novel Beautiful Losers
Cohen publishes his novel Beautiful Losers
Sugar Mountain
Writes Sugar Mountain, later one of his most enduring early autobiographical songs.
Parliamentary Secretary
Appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister Lester Pearson
Chileanization of Copper
Negotiates increased state participation in the major foreign-owned copper companies.
Education Reform
Launches a major reform reorganizing education into preschool, basic, secondary and higher levels.
Five-Man Group
Mao supports a cultural criticism campaign that develops into the Five-Man Group led by Peng Zhen
Defense of Wu Han
Peng Zhen tries to contain the criticism of Wu Han and protect the Beijing party apparatus
Central Committee
Appointed Member of Central Committee, head of Maos personal guard
Commander of Air Force
Appointed Commander of the Air Force, a Lin Biao supporter
Central Committee of the Communist Party
Apppointed a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba and the Second Secretary of its Politburo since the Party's formation in October 1965
Constitution of Cuba
Apppointed a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba and the Second Secretary of its Politburo since the Party's formation in October 1965
Politburo
Apppointed a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba and the Second Secretary of its Politburo since the Party's formation in October 1965
CONACO Electoral Alliance
Builds the CONACO coalition to contest parliamentary elections and strengthen his political position.
Election
Joaquin Balaguer defeats Juan Bosch for the presidency
Election
Joaquin Balaguer defeats Juan Bosch for the presidency
Declaration of War
Beginning of the Dominican Republic civil war
Main Embankment Construction
Osman's contractors place rock and earth for the High Dam's immense embankment.
Formation of Lake Nasser
Reservoir storage expands behind the dam and creates the lake later bearing Nasser's name.
V„stmanland-Dala
Completion of the building for V„stmanland-Dala nation, Uppsala
Le Bonheur
Directs Le Bonheur.
Pierrot le Fou
Directs Pierrot le Fou.
Nubian Campaign Fundraising
Maheu encourages member states to finance archaeological rescue and temple relocation.
European Court of Human Rights
Appointed President (1965-1968) of the European Court of Human Rights
Politics
Appointed President (1965-1968) of the European Court of Human Rights
Dollar Reserves Converted to Gold
France increases conversion of official dollar holdings into United States gold, reducing dollar reserves while pressing for a larger monetary role for gold.
Coalition
Builds a coalition of all French left wing parties
Exile of Georges Bidault
Goes into exile to Brazil after being charged with plotting against the State
Burial
Refuses to give Weygand a State Funeral
Election
Re-elected President of the 5th Republic
Freud and Philosophy
Ricoeur publishes Freud and Philosophy, a major study of psychoanalysis and interpretation.
Foreign Secretary of Germany
Appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs for the GDR
Bundestag
Elected to the Federal Parliament, Bundestag
Repressive Tolerance Essay
Marcuse's essay Repressive Tolerance argued that apparently neutral toleration can reinforce unequal structures of power.
University of California San Diego
Marcuse began his professorship at the University of California San Diego, a major setting for his later political thought.
Promotion to the Bundesliga
Rainer Ohlhauser helps Bayern earn promotion to the Bundesliga for the first time, opening the way to sustained top-flight success.
The Last Stage of Imperialism
Publication of "The Last Stage of Imperialism"
Doctor Zhivago
Starts in "Doctor Zhivago"
Carry on Cowboy
First cast in a Carry on Film, Carry on Cowboy
The IPCRESS File
The screenplay for the IPCRESS File is wrtten by by Bill Canaway and James Doran was based on Len Deightons 1962 novel, The IPCRESS File
Dracula: Prince of Darkness
Stars as Dracula in Hammers Dracula: Prince of Darkness
The IPCRESS File
The screenplay for the IPCRESS File is wrtten by by Bill Canaway and James Doran was based on Len Deightons 1962 novel, The IPCRESS File
The Ipcress File
Stars as the spy Harry Palmer in The Ipcress File
Life at the Top
Appears in "Life at the Top"
Film
Collaborates with director Ken Russell in a biopic of Claude Debussy
Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines
Appears inThose Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines as Sir Percy Ware-Armitage
Academy Award Nomination - Dr. Strangelove
The Academy nominates Sellers for Best Actor at the 1965 Oscars for his three-role performance in Dr. Strangelove.
BAFTA Nomination - Dr. Strangelove and The Pink Panther
BAFTA nominates Sellers for British Actor for Dr. Strangelove and The Pink Panther.
Golden Globe Nomination - The Pink Panther
The Golden Globes place Sellers among the 1965 musical-or-comedy actor nominees for The Pink Panther.
What's New, Pussycat?
Sellers plays psychiatrist Dr Fritz Fassbender in What's New, Pussycat?
Four in the Morning
Makes an early feature-film appearance in Four in the Morning, directed by Anthony Simmons.
Academy Award
Wins the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Mary Poppins.
The Sound of Music
Stars as Maria in The Sound of Music, one of the defining screen roles of her career.
A Hard Days Night
The Beatles film "A Hard Days Night"
A Hard Days Night
The Beatles film "A Hard Days Night"
A Hard Days Night
The Beatles film "A Hard Days Night"
A Hard Days Night
The Beatles film "A Hard Days Night"
World of Wooster
Becomes popular with television audiences for his performance as Jeeves opposite Ian Carmichael as Bertie Wooster in The World of Wooster
Comedy
Becomes a presenter on a comedy pop show called Now! for the television contractor Television Wales and the West
Mule of the Minaret
Publication of "Mule of the Minaret"
Forster Critical Essays
Bradbury edited a collection of critical essays addressing the novels of E M Forster.
Stepping Westward
Bradbury published Stepping Westward, a campus novel about a British writer visiting the United States.
Immediate Records
Page is hired by Rolling Stones manager Andrew Loog Oldham to act as a producer for the newly formed Immediate Records label, which also allowed him to play on tracks by John Mayall, Nico, and Eric Clapton. Oldham sets up Immediate Records, one of the first independent record labels in the UK, releasing work by PP Arnold, Chris Farlowe and the Small Faces
Rolling Stones, The
Prompted by Oldham, Jagger and Richards become more prolific songwriters and the US version of 1965s Out of Our Heads contains seven original songs, including the classic "(I Cant Get No) Satisfaction"
Moody Blues
Manages the Moody Blues, the Birmingham rhythm and blues group fronted by Denny Laine.
Move
With the Move, Secunda gains notoriety as a sensationalist in 1967, when he circulated bizarre postcards which showed a nude caricature of the Prime Minister, Harold Wilson
Catch the Wind
"Sunshine Superman" tops the US Billboard Hot 100 chart (number two in Britain). Successful singles in the UK include "Catch the Wind", "Colours" and "Universal Soldier"
Colours
"Sunshine Superman" tops the US Billboard Hot 100 chart (number two in Britain). Successful singles in the UK include "Catch the Wind", "Colours" and "Universal Soldier"
Pye Records
Signs with Pye Records
Ready Steady Go!
Reaches fame in the United Kingdom in early 1965 with live performances on the pop TV series, Ready Steady Go!
Sunshine Superman
"Sunshine Superman" tops the US Billboard Hot 100 chart (number two in Britain). Successful singles in the UK include "Catch the Wind", "Colours" and "Universal Soldier"
Universal Soldier
"Sunshine Superman" tops the US Billboard Hot 100 chart (number two in Britain). Successful singles in the UK include "Catch the Wind", "Colours" and "Universal Soldier"
For Your Love
Just as Clapton left the Yardbirds they have their first major hit, on which Clapton played guitar, "For Your Love"
Bus Stop
Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "No Milk Today" and "Listen People" for Hermans Hermits. Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "For Your Love", "Heart Full of Soul" and "Evil Hearted You" for The Yardbirds. Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "Bus Stop" and "Look Through Any Window" for The Hollies
Evil Hearted You
Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "No Milk Today" and "Listen People" for Hermans Hermits. Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "For Your Love", "Heart Full of Soul" and "Evil Hearted You" for The Yardbirds. Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "Bus Stop" and "Look Through Any Window" for The Hollies
For Your Love
Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "No Milk Today" and "Listen People" for Hermans Hermits. Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "For Your Love", "Heart Full of Soul" and "Evil Hearted You" for The Yardbirds. Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "Bus Stop" and "Look Through Any Window" for The Hollies
Heart Full of Soul
Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "No Milk Today" and "Listen People" for Hermans Hermits. Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "For Your Love", "Heart Full of Soul" and "Evil Hearted You" for The Yardbirds. Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "Bus Stop" and "Look Through Any Window" for The Hollies
Listen People
Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "No Milk Today" and "Listen People" for Hermans Hermits. Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "For Your Love", "Heart Full of Soul" and "Evil Hearted You" for The Yardbirds. Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "Bus Stop" and "Look Through Any Window" for The Hollies
Look Through Any Window
Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "No Milk Today" and "Listen People" for Hermans Hermits. Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "For Your Love", "Heart Full of Soul" and "Evil Hearted You" for The Yardbirds. Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "Bus Stop" and "Look Through Any Window" for The Hollies
No Milk Today
Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "No Milk Today" and "Listen People" for Hermans Hermits. Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "For Your Love", "Heart Full of Soul" and "Evil Hearted You" for The Yardbirds. Gouldman writes a string of million-selling hit songs, "Bus Stop" and "Look Through Any Window" for The Hollies
Immediate Records
Page is hired by Rolling Stones manager Andrew Loog Oldham to act as a producer for the newly formed Immediate Records label, which also allowed him to play on tracks by John Mayall, Nico, and Eric Clapton
She Just Satisfies
Jimmy Pages first solo recording is a single for Fontana Records, "She Just Satisfies"
Beyond The Rising Sun
Releases Beyond The Rising Sun as the B-side to The Wizard.
The Wizard
Releases The Wizard as an early Marc Bolan single.
Factory Accident
Iommi loses the tips of two fingers in an industrial accident and adapts his playing.
Bluesbreakers
Appointed Member of Bluesbreakers
Pink Floyd
Barrett co-founds Pink Floyd with Waters, Mason and Wright, consisting of the first names of Pink Anderson and Floyd Council
Pink Floyd Name
Waters performs as the group adopts the Pink Floyd name from blues musicians Pink Anderson and Floyd Council
Tea Set
Barrett joins the group then known as Tea Set and becomes its central songwriter
Rolling Stones, The
Prompted by Oldham, Jagger and Richards become more prolific songwriters and the US version of 1965s Out of Our Heads contains seven original songs, including the classic "(I Cant Get No) Satisfaction"
Rolling Stones, The
Prompted by Oldham, Jagger and Richards become more prolific songwriters and the US version of 1965s Out of Our Heads contains seven original songs, including the classic "(I Cant Get No) Satisfaction"
Steampacket
Performs with Steampacket alongside Long John Baldry, Julie Driscoll and Brian Auger.
Keep On Running
Sings with the Spencer Davis Group as they reach national fame.
Associated Independent Recording
Leaves EMI staff and helps establish Associated Independent Recording, giving him greater independence as a producer.
My Generation Composition
Writes My Generation for The Who.
Ikon Gallery
Artists establish Ikon as an experimental contemporary-art gallery in Birmingham.
Election
Defeated for the leadership of the Conservative Party by Edward Heath
Death of Walter Monckton
Death of Walter Monckton
Publication of A Nation not Afraid
Publishes A Nation not Afraid, a collection of political writings edited by John Wood.
Shadow Minister
Appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
Retirement
Butler retires from politics
Department of Economic Affairs (DEA)
Wilson's advisers Patrick Blackett and Thomas Balogh advise him to create the DEA. The DEA will undertake long-term planning of the economy and industry, while the Treasury would determine short-term revenue raising and financial management. The DEA is tasked with the preparation of a National Plan for the economy published in September 1965
Department of Economic Affairs (DEA)
Wilson's advisers Patrick Blackett and Thomas Balogh advise him to create the DEA. The DEA will undertake long-term planning of the economy and industry, while the Treasury would determine short-term revenue raising and financial management. The DEA is tasked with the preparation of a National Plan for the economy published in September 1965
Budget Policy
The 1965 Budget under James Callaghan sets out the Government's taxation, expenditure and borrowing plans.
Budget
James Callaghan presents the 1965 Budget to the House of Commons as Chancellor of the Exchequer.
Oil Sanctions
Visits the USA & arranges oil sanctions against Rhodesia who have just declared UDI
Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI)
Visits the USA & arranges oil sanctions against Rhodesia who have just declared UDI
Visit to London
Visits the USA & arranges oil sanctions against Rhodesia who have just declared UDI
Department of Economic Affairs (DEA)
The Department for Economic Affairs is established under George Brown
Home Office Reform Programme
Begins a broad liberal programme intended to create a more tolerant society.
Local Authority Housing
Encourages councils to expand building programmes and provide more homes for rent.
Mortgage Option Scheme
Works with lenders on proposals to reduce mortgage costs for lower-income borrowers.
Mortgage Policy
Develops measures intended to improve access to mortgages for households with modest incomes.
National Housing Plan
Promotes a national housing programme intended to expand construction and increase the supply of affordable homes.
Education Secretary Offer
Declines an offer to become Education Secretary before his appointment as Home Secretary.
Airports Authority Act
Airports Authority Act 1965 creates the British Airports Authority
Concorde
Writes to Pompidou saying investment in Concorde is a luxury
Department of Economic Affairs (DEA)
Wilson's advisers Patrick Blackett and Thomas Balogh advise him to create the DEA. The DEA will undertake long-term planning of the economy and industry, while the Treasury would determine short-term revenue raising and financial management. The DEA is tasked with the preparation of a National Plan for the economy published in September 1965. The Department for Economic Affairs is established under George Brown
Diplomatic Correspondence at London
Writes to Pompidou saying investment in Concorde is a luxury
Election
With a majority of 1 & by-election pending wins the Territorial & Reserve Forces Bill
Independence of Great Britain
The OAU calls members to break with Britain if Smith's regime is not brought down
Independence of Rhodesia
The OAU calls members to break with Britain if Smith's regime is not brought down
Legislation
The Race Relations Act outlaws discrimination & establishes a Race Relations Board
Legislation
The Rent Act fixes fair rents for private tenants & provides security of tenure. The Redundancy Payments Act provides payments of workers who are made redundant. The Race Relations Act outlaws racial discrimination. The Race Relations Act establishes a Race Relations Board
Murder Abolition of Death Penalty Act
Murder Abolition of Death Penalty Act 1965 suspends capital punishment for murder in Great Britain
Oil Sanctions
Launches oil sanctions against Rhodesia for declaring UDI
Race Relations Act
Race Relations Act 1965 creates the first British statutory controls against racial discrimination
Redundancy Payments Act
Redundancy Payments Act 1965 creates statutory redundancy payments for qualifying employees
Reform of Armed Forces
With a majority of 1 & by-election pending wins the Territorial & Reserve Forces Bill
Reform of Government
The Rent Act fixes fair rents for private tenants & provides security of tenure. The Redundancy Payments Act provides payments of workers who are made redundant. The Race Relations Act outlaws racial discrimination. The Race Relations Act establishes a Race Relations Board
Rent Act
Rent Act 1965 reforms rent control and creates machinery for fair rent regulation
Sanctions
Launches oil sanctions against Rhodesia for declaring UDI. Falsely predicts Ian Smith's downfall as a result of sanctions
Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI)
Launches oil sanctions against Rhodesia for declaring UDI
Vote of Confidence
With a majority of 1 & by-election pending wins the Territorial & Reserve Forces Bill
HS.681 Cancellation
Healey cancels the HS.681 transport aircraft project as the government reduces planned defence expenditure.
P.1154 Cancellation
Healey cancels the Hawker Siddeley P.1154 vertical-take-off fighter project during defence economies.
Polaris Fleet
Healey cancels the planned fifth Polaris submarine while retaining a four-boat nuclear deterrent force.
Polaris Programme
Wilson accepts that Polaris will remain the core of Britain's strategic nuclear deterrent
Beeching Cuts
Presides over the closure of approximately 2050 miles of railways as she enacts her part of the Beeching cuts
Breathalyser
Introduces the breathalyser to combat the crisis of drink-driving, and also introduces the 70 MPH speed limit on motorways and presides over the closure of approximately 2050 miles of railways as she enacts her part of the Beeching cuts
Minister of Transport
Appointed Minister of Transport
Seat Belts
Makes Seat belts in cars compulsory
Speed Limit
Introduces the breathalyser to combat the crisis of drink-driving, and also introduces the 70 MPH speed limit on motorways and presides over the closure of approximately 2050 miles of railways as she enacts her part of the Beeching cuts. Introduces the 70 MPH speed limit on motorways
Family Doctor Charter Negotiations
Robinson negotiates with general-practice representatives over the Family Doctor Charter, addressing workload, premises, staffing and the future organisation of primary care.
General Practice Premises Support
New financial support for practice premises is agreed, encouraging purpose-built surgeries and better facilities for the expanding work of NHS general practice.
NHS Structural Review Debate
Robinson considers growing professional demands for closer coordination between hospitals, general practice and local authority health services without immediately reorganising the NHS.
Practice Staff Reimbursement
The government agrees arrangements to reimburse a substantial share of practice staff costs, enabling general practices to employ more nurses, receptionists and administrative staff.
The Reckoning
Publishes The Reckoning as part of his memoir sequence
Culture and Society Research Agenda
At Birmingham, Hoggart encouraged research linking mass media, literature and ordinary social experience.
The Reckoning
Publication of "The Reckoning"
BBC Broadcasting Work
Works as a broadcaster for the BBC and extends his public commentary beyond print journalism.
Financial Times Columnist Role
Works as a Financial Times columnist and contributes economic and financial commentary to the newspaper.
Appointment as Queen's Counsel
Takes silk and becomes Queen's Counsel while continuing his legal and political career.
Black Holes
Penrose proves that gravitational collapse can produce spacetime singularities, showing black-hole formation is a robust prediction of general relativity.
Recent Developments in Cosmology
Hoyle reviewed contemporary cosmological observations and defended alternatives to finite-age universe models.
Nucleosynthesis in Massive Stars
Hoyle and Fowler published a monograph on nucleosynthesis in massive stars and supernovae.
Singularity Theorem
Penrose proves a singularity theorem showing that gravitational collapse generically leads to spacetime singularities
Singularity Theorem
Proves a singularity theorem showing gravitational collapse can produce spacetime singularities.
European Cup Winners Cup
Hurst is back at Wembley for the final of the Hurst is back at Wembley for the final of the European Cup Winners Cup against 1860 Munich, and West Ham won 2-0
League Title
In his second season, 1964-65, Best and Manchester United claim the league title
Debut
With Charlton approaching his 30th birthday, he is called up by Alf Ramsey to play for England against Scotland at Wembley
Debut
Hunter made his debut for the England team in 1965, but the partnership between Charlton and Bobby Moore meant that he spent much of his international career as an understudy, winning 28 caps in total
Manager
Clough is appointed Manager of Hartlepool United with Peter Taylor as his assistant
Cup Winners Cup
Skippers West Ham to European Cup Winners Cup victory
Sports Council
The Government sets up the Sports Council and Winterbottom is seconded to become Director of the Sports Council with Denis Howell as his chairman
FA Cup Final Played Through Injury
Gerry Byrne played much of Liverpool's 1965 FA Cup final against Leeds United with a broken collarbone, helping the team secure its first victory in the competition.
Leeds First FA Cup Final Appearance
Charlton starts in defence as Leeds United reach the FA Cup final against Liverpool and lose after extra time.
European Cup Campaign Begins
With Manchester United back in European competition as English champions, Best takes part in a continental campaign that raises his international profile.
World Cup Qualifier Goal Against Albania
Best scores for Northern Ireland against Albania at Windsor Park during the qualification campaign for the 1966 World Cup.
Gilzean Forms Partnership With Greaves
Gilzean's aerial ability and combination play complemented Greaves after the Scottish forward joined Tottenham from Dundee.
Twenty Eight Goals in Title Campaign
Law scored twenty-eight league goals as United finished above their rivals to regain the First Division championship.
United First Division Championship
Law's movement and sharp finishing helped United win the English league title during the 1964-65 season.
1965 FA Cup Extra-Time Winner
Heads Liverpool's extra-time winner against Leeds United in the club's first FA Cup triumph.
England Attacking Plans Before Home World Cup
Greaves remained among Alf Ramsey's most trusted forwards as England rehearsed combinations for the 1966 World Cup.
Fifth Domestic Scoring Crown
Greaves' thirty-goal level of league finishing secured another place at the top of the English goalscoring standings.
Jennings Spurs Keeper Behind Greaves Goals
Jennings' arrival strengthened Tottenham's goalkeeping options in the period when Greaves remained the club's principal scorer.
Manager
Clough is appointed Manager of Hartlepool United with Peter Taylor as his assistant
Charlton and Law Drive United Title
Charlton combined long-range shooting and passing with Law's finishing as Manchester United became First Division champions.
Second English League Championship
Charlton becomes an English league champion again as Manchester United win the First Division title on goal average over Leeds United.
Player of the Year
Leeds United midfielder Collins earns the writers accolade for supplying energy, experience and creative direction to Don Revie’s emerging team.
FA Cup Final Midfield Role
Operates in the Leeds United midfield during the club's first FA Cup final, which ends in an extra-time defeat against Liverpool.
Martin Peters Hammer of the Year Recognition
Martin Peters is voted Hammer of the Year after impressing West Ham supporters with his adaptable midfield play during a European trophy-winning era.
Stiles Defensive Foundation Under Law Attack
Stiles supplied tackling and defensive balance while the attacking trio of Law, Charlton and Best propelled United to the title.
Best First English League Title
Best helped Manchester United win the 1964-65 First Division, creating attacking openings for forwards including Denis Law.
Robertson Spurs Width for Greaves
Robertson offered pace and crossing from the flank during Tottenham's mid-1960s attacking campaigns.
Chief Defence Staff
Appointed Chief-of-Defence Staff
Royal Navy Polaris
The Royal Navy continues planning and procurement for Polaris missile submarines
Troop Request Resistance
Opposes direct British military involvement in Vietnam
Vietnam Diplomacy
Represents British foreign policy during debate over the Vietnam War
Prime Minister of Greece
Georgios Athanasiadis-Novas becomes Prime Minister during the Apostasia crisis.
Prime Minister of Greece
Stephanos Stephanopoulos is appointed Prime Minister of Greece.
Food Self-Sufficiency Drive
Shastri's government promotes agricultural production and public participation as India confronts serious food shortages.
Jai Jawan Jai Kisan
Shastri popularises the slogan Jai Jawan Jai Kisan while emphasising national defence and agricultural production.
National Dairy Development Board
The National Dairy Development Board is established to support cooperative dairy development across India.
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of the Army Staff
United Nations
Indonesia leaves the United Nations
Peoples Mojahedin of Iran
The Peoples Mojahedin Organisation of Iran was founded in 1965 by six former members of the Liberation or Freedom Movement of Iran, middle-class students at Tehran University, including Mohammad Hanifnejad, Saied Mohsen and Ali-Asghar Badizadegan
Peoples Mojahedin of Iran
The Peoples Mojahedin Organisation of Iran was founded in 1965 by six former members of the Liberation or Freedom Movement of Iran, middle-class students at Tehran University, including Mohammad Hanifnejad, Saied Mohsen and Ali-Asghar Badizadegan
Peoples Mojahedin of Iran
The Peoples Mojahedin Organisation of Iran was founded in 1965 by six former members of the Liberation or Freedom Movement of Iran, middle-class students at Tehran University, including Mohammad Hanifnejad, Saied Mohsen and Ali-Asghar Badizadegan
Peoples Mojahedin of Iran
The PMOI was originally devoted to armed struggle against the Shah of Iran, formed by a group of Iranian college students as an Islamic political movement. The Peoples Mojahedin Organisation of Iran was founded in 1965 by six former members of the Liberation or Freedom Movement of Iran, middle-class students at Tehran University, including Mohammad Hanifnejad, Saied Mohsen and Ali-Asghar Badizadegan
Peoples Mojahedin of Iran
The Peoples Mojahedin Organisation of Iran was founded in 1965 by six former members of the Liberation or Freedom Movement of Iran, middle-class students at Tehran University, including Mohammad Hanifnejad, Saied Mohsen and Ali-Asghar Badizadegan
Peoples Mojahedin of Iran
The Peoples Mojahedin Organisation of Iran was founded in 1965 by six former members of the Liberation or Freedom Movement of Iran, middle-class students at Tehran University, including Mohammad Hanifnejad, Saied Mohsen and Ali-Asghar Badizadegan
Peoples Mojahedin of Iran
The Peoples Mojahedin Organisation of Iran was founded in 1965 by six former members of the Liberation or Freedom Movement of Iran, middle-class students at Tehran University, including Mohammad Hanifnejad, Saied Mohsen and Ali-Asghar Badizadegan
Exile of Ruhollah Khomeini
Moves to Iraq where he remains until 1978
Peoples Mojahedin of Iran
The PMOI was originally devoted to armed struggle against the Shah of Iran, formed by a group of Iranian college students as an Islamic political movement. The Peoples Mojahedin Organisation of Iran was founded in 1965 by six former members of the Liberation or Freedom Movement of Iran, middle-class students at Tehran University, including Mohammad Hanifnejad, Saied Mohsen and Ali-Asghar Badizadegan
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Fine Gael Party
Mayor
Teddy Kollek is elected Mayor of Jerusalem, seeks to bring Arabs into the Jewish governed city as social and economic equals
Foreign Secretary of Italy
Appointed Foreign Minister, 3rd term
Mercury Spin-Orbit Resonance
Colombo explains Mercury's rotation as a three-to-two spin-orbit resonance, with three rotations during every two solar orbits.
Tour de France
Winner of the Tour de France
Red Beard
Kurosawas Red Beard
Kwaidan
Masaki Kobayashis Kwaidan picks up the Special Jury Prize at Cannes
Diplomatic relations are restored with Korea
Diplomatic relations are restored with Korea
Birth of Fumihito
Birth of Fumihito, 2nd eldest son of Akihito
Nobel Prize
Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics.
KCP
Goes to North Vietnam to gain approval for an uprising in Kampuchea against the Government. North Vietnam refused to support any uprising because of agreements being negotiated with the Kampuchean Government. After another wave of repression by Sihanouk in 1965, the Khmer Rouge movement under Saloth grew at a rapid rate, many teachers and students left the cities for the countryside to join the movement
Khmer Rouge
Goes to North Vietnam to gain approval for an uprising in Kampuchea against the Government. North Vietnam refused to support any uprising because of agreements being negotiated with the Kampuchean Government. After another wave of repression by Sihanouk in 1965, the Khmer Rouge movement under Saloth grew at a rapid rate, many teachers and students left the cities for the countryside to join the movement
Khmer Rouge
The region Pol Pot and others move to is inhabited by tribal minorities, the Khmer Loeu, whose rough treatment (including resettlement and forced assimilation) at the hands of the central Government made them willing recruits for a guerrilla struggle
Armed Forces Modernization
Continues efforts to strengthen Cambodian forces before the civil war
CIA Laos Station
Serves in CIA leadership roles connected with the secret war in Laos
Ho Chi Minh Trail Crisis
Balances neutrality claims with North Vietnamese use of eastern Laos
Ajax Manager
Becomes Ajax manager and develops the pressing, movement and positional ideas later associated with Total Football.
Jansen Enters Feyenoord First Team
Wim Jansen establishes himself as a versatile Feyenoord midfielder and defender, beginning a long association with Rotterdam football and the Netherlands national side.
2nd Lieutenant-Musharraf
Pervez Musharraf serves as a second lieutenant in the 16th Field Artillery Regiment during the 1965 war with India.
Battle of Asal Uttar
Pervez Musharraf serves during the 1965 conflict in which the Battle of Asal Uttar becomes a major setback for Pakistan.
Army Command
Musa Khan directs the Pakistan Army as Commander in Chief during the 1965 war with India.
2nd Lieutenant-Musharraf
Pervez Musharraf serves as a second lieutenant in the 16th Field Artillery Regiment during the 1965 war with India.
Palestinian Nationalism
Abbas works within Fatah as the movement expands its political and organisational influence
President of Philippines
Appointed President of the Philippines, 1st term
Repulsion
Completion of the film, "Repulsion"
Eusébio Claims Ballon d’Or
Eusébio takes the 1965 Ballon d’Or after his explosive pace and powerful shooting help Benfica remain a force in European competition, highlighting the forward’s growing international reputation.
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Communist Party
Nobel Prize
Winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature
Money for Maria
Publication of "Money for Maria"
Money
Publication of "Money for Maria"
Left Bank Story Cycle
Shalamov completed work on the Left Bank sequence within the broader Kolyma Tales project.
Russia and Historys Turning Point
Publication of "Russia & History's Turning Point"
House-Building Combine Director
Becomes director of the house-building combine after serving as its chief engineer.
First Deputy
Appointed First Deputy Chair of the USSR Council of Minister's
Party Organisation
Appointed Head of the Party organisation in Tomsk
Politburo
Appointed Member of Politburo
President of Russia
Appointed President of Russia
State Control Commission
The State Control Commission is abolished
Military Aid Expansion
Backs a major expansion of Soviet military aid to North Vietnam
Vietnam Diplomacy
Defends North Vietnam in Soviet diplomacy during the US bombing escalation
Air Defense Aid
Oversees Soviet military support including air defense assistance to North Vietnam
Surface-to-Air Missile Support
Associated with Soviet air defense forces as missile aid to North Vietnam expands
Television Broadcasting Begins
Supports government modernization and expansion of national communications.
Television Broadcasting Begins
Authorizes regular television broadcasting as part of national modernization.
Foreign Secretary of Singapore
Appointed Foreign Minister
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
Death of Syngman Rhee
Death of Syngman Rhee
Treaty Negotiations
Concludes a Treaty with Japan which normalizes relations between South Korea & Japan
Mayor
Appointed Mayor of Madrid
Revised Safeguards System Adopted
The Agency adopts a revised safeguards system replacing the original 1961 arrangements.
Exile of Amin Al- Hafez
Takes up exile in Lebanon
President of Tanzania
Appointed President of Tanzania, 2nd term
Screen Actors Guild
Appointed President of the Screen Actors Guild
The Agony and the Ecstasy
Stars in, "The Agony and the Ecstasy"
Chimes at Midnight
Directs, "Chimes at Midnight"
The Flight of the Phoenix
Stars in, "The Flight of the Phoenix". Stars in, "Shenandoah"
Whats New, Pussycat?
First movie production of "Whats New, Pussycat?", wrote the initial screenplay
For a Few Dollars More
Stars in For a Few Dollars More, the second film in Sergio Leone's Dollars trilogy.
A Thousand Days" a narrative of Kennedys presidency
Publication of "A Thousand Days" a narrative of Kennedys presidency
A Thousand Days
Publication of "A Thousand Days" a narrative of Kennedys presidency
Morning and Noon
Publication of "Morning & Noon"
An American Dream
"An American Dream"
California Girls
The Beach Boys release the LP, "Pet Sounds", includes classic singles from that album, "Wouldnt It Be Nice" & "God Only Knows,". The Beach Boys release, "California Girls"
God Only Knows
The Beach Boys release the LP, "Pet Sounds", includes classic singles from that album, "Wouldnt It Be Nice" & "God Only Knows,". The Beach Boys release, "California Girls"
Pet Sounds
The Beach Boys release the LP, "Pet Sounds", includes classic singles from that album, "Wouldnt It Be Nice" & "God Only Knows,". The Beach Boys release, "California Girls"
Wouldnt It Be Nice
The Beach Boys release the LP, "Pet Sounds", includes classic singles from that album, "Wouldnt It Be Nice" & "God Only Knows,". The Beach Boys release, "California Girls"
Looking Through The Eyes Of Love
Records, "Looking Through The Eyes Of Love"
Beach Boys
Appointed Member of Beach Boys, for touring as a replacement for Brian Wilson
I Got You (I Feel Good)
Records the single, "Papas Got a Brand New Bag". Records the single, "I Got You (I Feel Good)"
Papas Got a Brand New Bag
Records the single, "Papas Got a Brand New Bag". Records the single, "I Got You (I Feel Good)"
Chitlin Circuit
Hendrix earns a spot as the new guitarist for the The Isley Brothers band and joined their national tour, which included the southern Chitlin Circuit
Curtis Knight and the Squires
Hendrix signs a three-year recording contract with entrepreneur Ed Chalpin, receiving $1 and 1% royalty on records with Curtis Knight. Hendrix joins a New York-based band, Curtis Knight and the Squires
Testify
Hendrix plays his first successful studio session on the two-part Isley Brothers hit "Testify"
Doors
Founder Member of Doors
Doors
Founder Member of Doors
Live at the Regal
Records a historic live album, "Live at the Regal"
Doors
Founder Member of Doors
Bringing It All Back Home
Releases the album "Bringing It All Back Home", features his first recordings made with electric instruments.
Bringing It All Back Home
Releases the single "Like a Rolling Stone", which peaks at #2 in the U.S. and at #4 in the UK charts.
Bringing It All Back Home
The single, "Subterranean Homesick Blues", owes much to Chuck Berrys "Too Much Monkey Business" and is provided with an early music video courtesy of Pennebakers cinema verite presentation of Dylans 1965 tour of England, Dont Look Back.
Like a Rolling Stone
Releases the album "Bringing It All Back Home", features his first recordings made with electric instruments.
Like a Rolling Stone
Releases the single "Like a Rolling Stone", which peaks at #2 in the U.S. and at #4 in the UK charts.
Like a Rolling Stone
The single, "Subterranean Homesick Blues", owes much to Chuck Berrys "Too Much Monkey Business" and is provided with an early music video courtesy of Pennebakers cinema verite presentation of Dylans 1965 tour of England, Dont Look Back.
Subterranean Homesick Blues
Releases the album "Bringing It All Back Home", features his first recordings made with electric instruments.
Subterranean Homesick Blues
Releases the single "Like a Rolling Stone", which peaks at #2 in the U.S. and at #4 in the UK charts.
Subterranean Homesick Blues
The single, "Subterranean Homesick Blues", owes much to Chuck Berrys "Too Much Monkey Business" and is provided with an early music video courtesy of Pennebakers cinema verite presentation of Dylans 1965 tour of England, Dont Look Back.
Too Much Monkey Business
Releases the album "Bringing It All Back Home", features his first recordings made with electric instruments.
Too Much Monkey Business
Releases the single "Like a Rolling Stone", which peaks at #2 in the U.S. and at #4 in the UK charts.
Too Much Monkey Business
The single, "Subterranean Homesick Blues", owes much to Chuck Berrys "Too Much Monkey Business" and is provided with an early music video courtesy of Pennebakers cinema verite presentation of Dylans 1965 tour of England, Dont Look Back.
Formation of the Mothers
Takes control of the Soul Giants, introduces his original compositions and renames the group the Mothers.
Joining The Doors
Joins The Doors after the first demo period.
Castiles, The
Joins The Castiles, an early rock band that gives him important teenage stage and recording experience.
Velvet Underground
Works with Lou Reed in the Velvet Underground, adding viola, bass and avant-garde influence.
Velvet Underground
Co-founds the Velvet Underground and becomes its principal singer, guitarist and songwriter.
Like a Rolling Stone
Like a Rolling Stone reaches major chart positions in America and Britain.
Mr Tambourine Man
Sees Mr Tambourine Man become central to the folk-rock breakthrough.
Band Name
The Doors take their name from Huxley's book, itself echoing William Blake.
United States Tour Ban
The Kinks face a ban from American Federation of Musicians touring.
Stage Play
Directs The Odd Couple in Broadway
Toby Award
Wins a Toby Award for directing the stage play "Luv"
Government
Appointed Ambassador of South Vietnam, 2nd term
Constitution of USA
The Voting Rights Act is passed
Demonstrations
34 die during demonstrations at Watts, a black area of Los Angeles
Economy of USA
Introduces War on Poverty
Government
The Voting Rights Act is passed
Legislation
The Voting Rights Act is passed
Voting Rights Act
The Voting Rights Act is passed
War on Poverty
Introduces War on Poverty
Legislation
Congress passes Voting Rights Act of 1965, which suspends (later bans) literacy tests and other restrictions to prevent blacks from voting
International Trade Mart Retirement
Shaw retired from the International Trade Mart in 1965 after years as one of its leading administrators.
Whitewash
Weisberg published Whitewash, arguing from Warren Commission material that the official investigation had failed to establish its case against Oswald and had concealed important contradictions.
American Liberties Medallion
The American Jewish Committee presented King with the American Liberties Medallion for his "exceptional advancement of the principles of human liberty"
Demonstrations
King and SCLC join voting-rights march from Selma to Montgomery; police beat and tear gas marchers; King addresses rally before state capitol, builds support for voting rights
Reform of Electoral System
Congress passes Voting Rights Act of 1965, which suspends (later bans) literacy tests and other restrictions to prevent blacks from voting
Voting Rights Act
Congress passes Voting Rights Act of 1965, which suspends (later bans) literacy tests and other restrictions to prevent blacks from voting
Consultant
Appointed Consultant to the Department of State
The Troubled Partnership: A Reappraisal of the Atlantic Alliance
Publishes, "The Troubled Partnership: A Reappraisal of the Atlantic Alliance"
Mercury Rotation
Radar observations overturn the accepted 88-day rotation period and indicate that Mercury rotates in about 59 days.
Hubble Space Telescope
Spitzer is appointed as head of a committee given the task of defining the scientific objectives for a large space telescope
Mercury Rotation
Dyce helps establish from radar measurements that Mercury's rotation period is close to 59 days rather than 88 days.
Grand Tour Trajectory
Identifies a rare outer-planet alignment enabling gravity-assist missions through Jupiter and beyond.
Grand Tour Alignment Analysis
Identifies a rare outer-planet alignment that makes a multi-planet gravity-assist mission practical.
Apollo Schedule
Presses NASA centres and contractors toward the lunar landing deadline.
Cosmic Microwave Background
Penzias publishes the measurement of excess antenna temperature from the cosmic microwave background
Cosmic Microwave Background
Wilkinson coauthors the Princeton paper explaining the cosmic microwave background result
Radar Relativity Test
Planetary radar tests general relativity through time delay.
Cosmic Microwave Background
Peebles coauthors the interpretation paper connecting the microwave background to Big Bang cosmology
Cosmic Microwave Background
Roll coauthors the interpretation of the microwave background as a cosmological relic
Cosmic Microwave Background
Dicke interprets the microwave background detection as relic radiation from a hot dense early universe
Cosmic Microwave Background
Wilson publishes the microwave excess with Penzias, providing decisive evidence for a hot early universe
Paducah Commercial Enrichment
Paducah shifts increasingly toward producing enriched uranium for commercial nuclear-power reactor fuel.
Nobel Prize
Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics.
Nobel Prize
Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics.
Kerr-Newman Metric
With collaborators, obtains the rotating electrically charged black hole solution now called the Kerr-Newman metric.
Kohn-Sham Electron Equations
With Walter Kohn, formulates one-electron equations that make density functional calculations practical.
Kohn-Sham Electron Equations
With Lu Jeu Sham, formulates practical one-electron equations that make density functional calculations usable for atoms, molecules and solids.
World Champion
Retains title by knocking out Sonny Liston
Lieutenant
Appointed Commander of the First Marine Aircraft Wing
Adviser
Appointed special Vietnam adviser to President Johnson
General
Appointed Commander of the ground troops in Vietnam
Lieutenant
Appointed Commander of the First Marine Aircraft Wing
Barrel Roll
Approves the bombing of communist routes in Southern Laos
Doctrine of Johnson
The USA announces it will only intervene if there is a threat of Communist takeover
Johnson Doctrine
The USA announces it will only intervene if there is a threat of Communist takeover
Siege of Pleiku
The Viet Cong attack a U.S. installation, orders U.S. evacuation & reprisals
Adviser
Appointed special Vietnam adviser to President Johnson
Bombing of Laos
Reccomends bombing North Vietnam. Reccomends bombing Communist routes in Laos
Mobilization
Taylor asks for 125,000 men. In the early part of the year Taylor asks for 75,000 men
General
Appointed Commander of the ground troops in Vietnam
Battle of Drang
US victory in west-central Vietnam near the Kampuchean border
Operation Arc Light
Arc Light sorties hit Laos. 82 B-52Ds are modified to carry 42 750-pound bombs. B52s are deployed for bombing in tth Vietnam against Battle targets & Viet Cong bases
Siege of Drang
Highlights greater than expected North Vietnamese penetration into South Vietnam
Air Interdiction
Commands US air forces involved in expanding interdiction over Laos
Air Force Command
Ky remains a powerful air force commander before becoming South Vietnam's premier
War Direction
Dung supports North Vietnamese planning during the 1965 escalation
US Ground War Response
Shapes North Vietnamese response as United States combat forces enter the war
Coup
Deposes President Kasavubu & announces himself President for 5yrs
State of Emergency
Kaunda proclaims a state of emergency that lasts until 1991
Collected Short Fiction Edition
An edition of Cather's collected early short fiction appeared in 1965.
Manuscripts Confiscated
Soviet security agents confiscated manuscripts and archival material belonging to Solzhenitsyn.
Literary Advocacy and Free Expression
Böll defended artistic freedom and challenged political pressures on writers.
Cornell Lectures on Revolution
Arendt continued teaching and lecturing on revolutionary politics and public freedom.
Boumediene Assumes Economic Direction
Houari Boumediene takes power and favors centralized state planning and industrial development.
Public Sector Industrial Strategy Expands
Boumediene's leadership places major emphasis on government control of strategic industries.
Boumediene Assumes Economic Direction
Houari Boumediene takes power and favors centralized state planning and industrial development.
Public Sector Industrial Strategy Expands
Boumediene's leadership places major emphasis on government control of strategic industries.