1975 in History

Spains Manuel Orantes wins U.S. Open, beating Jimmy Connors in 3 sets

Abdicates as the monarchy is abolished and the Lao Peoples Democratic Republic is proclaimed

Khmer Rouge abolish money, markets, and private property

Ordered by the Politburo in Hanoi to push toward Saigon

Establishes ACAS as a statutory body for conciliation, arbitration and improvement of industrial relations.

Collectivization and forced labor begin nationwide

The Alvor Agreement grants Angola independence from Portugal on November 11, ending the war for independence while marking the transition to civil war. Goes to Portugal & agrees to form a coaltion Government with Roberto & Savimbi

The MPLA, FNLA & UNITA agree to hold the first assembly elections in October 1975. The free elections the agreement had provided for by October 31, 1975 were finally held in 1992, UNITA, in 2nd place, did not accept the outcome and the civil war continued for another 10 years, only to end in 2002, when UNITA leader Savimbi got killed

The Alvor Agreement grants Angola independence from Portugal on November 11, ending the war for independence while marking the transition to civil war

The Alvor Agreement grants Angola independence from Portugal on November 11, ending the war for independence while marking the transition to civil war

Tells Sihanouk, China must build up a "neutral, independent Kampuchea"

Agostinho Neto, the leader of the MPLA, declares the independence of the Peoples Republic of Angola, in accordance with the Alvor Accords

Supports South African military intervention during the Angolan civil war.

Speaks with the Apollo-Soyuz crews after docking.

Joins Leonov during the first international crewed docking.

Docks Soyuz 19 with the American Apollo spacecraft.

Serves as command module pilot on Apollo-Soyuz.

Finally reaches orbit as docking module pilot on Apollo-Soyuz.

Commands the American Apollo spacecraft in the joint mission.

Oversees NASA during the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.

Healey presents a Budget focused on inflation control, public expenditure restraint and industrial recovery.

Orders the release of 500 of Francos political prisoners

Opposition leaders and activists are arrested in nationwide raids following the declaration of Emergency.

During Satish Dhawan's chairmanship, Aryabhata becomes India's first satellite to reach orbit.

Occupation of the West German embassy & murder of Andreas von Mirbach and Dr. Heinz Hillegaart

Occupation of the West German embassy & murder of Andreas von Mirbach and Dr. Heinz Hillegaart

Robert Mugabe unilaterally assumes control of ZANU after the assassination of Herbert Chitepo

General Ziaur Rahman, father of Khaleda Zia, becomes the military ruler. Bangladesh army officers kill Sheik Mujibar Rahman, the countrys founding leader and father of Hasina Wajed

General Ziaur Rahman, father of Khaleda Zia, becomes the military ruler

13-15 April, killed during a coup led by Felix Malloum, an army Chief of Staff

Releases Atlantic Crossing after relocating his recording focus toward the United States.

The Government accepts a six pound weekly limit for pay settlements in the next pay round.

The Beatles final dissolution takes place

The Beatles final dissolution takes place

The Beatles final dissolution takes place

The Beatles final dissolution takes place

The Biological Weapons Convention enters into force, banning development, production and stockpiling of biological and toxin weapons.

Signs the United States instrument of ratification for the Biological Weapons Convention.

Releases Blood on the Tracks.

Produces Blow by Blow, a major instrumental rock album for guitarist Jeff Beck.

Holds the referendum in which voters choose to remain in the European Communities.

Becomes president after Nguyen Van Thieu resigns

Campaigns for a Yes vote in the European Communities referendum.

The Government creates a state oil corporation to increase public control over North Sea petroleum.

Healey presents a crisis Budget as inflation rises and unemployment worsens.

Proposes a Public Accounts Committee for the European Parliament to control expenditure

Leads the cabinet under President Stevens before the office is abolished

Khmer Rouge forces surround Phnom Penh as the republic nears collapse

Finance Act 1975 establishes capital transfer tax on chargeable transfers.

Danang falls to the Communists

Hue falls to the Communists

The MPLA drive the FNLA out of Luanda & the Government collapses

The Khmer Rouge capture Phnom Penh

The Khmer Rouge capture Phnom Penh

Captures the last South Vietnamese defense line before Saigon

Is badly injured in the Rhodes car accident involving Robert Plant.

Is seriously injured in a car accident on Rhodes.

Commands South Vietnamese II Corps during the collapse after Ban Me Thuot

The CIA was worried about the prosecution of Clay Shaw - CIA Director Helms assistant Victor Marchetti revealed in the 1975 that Helms held meetings where he would ask "are we giving them all the help we can?"

The CIA was worried about the prosecution of Clay Shaw - CIA Director Helms assistant Victor Marchetti revealed in the 1975 that Helms held meetings where he would ask "are we giving them all the help we can?"

In an interview with New York Daily News reporter Paul Meskil Sturgis stated, I was a spy.

In an interview with New York Daily News reporter Paul Meskil Sturgis stated, I was a spy.

The Government advances child benefit legislation as part of family income support reform.

Receives recognition for connecting nuclear structure with collective behavior.

The Commons votes by 396 to 170 to stay in the EEC

South Africa is condemned by the African states at the OAU Conference

The Treaty of Helsinki establishes the Conference on Security & Co-operation in Europe

Delivers his last speech at the 4th National Peoples Congress

Hosty was questioned during congressional investigation of whether the FBI had withheld information about Oswald's note from the Warren Commission.

Congressional questioning examined why the existence and destruction of Oswald's note had not been disclosed to the Warren Commission

Introduces a one-party socialist system and assumes almost dictatorial powers. General Ziaur Rahman, father of Khaleda Zia, becomes the military ruler

The new constitution establishes Greece as a presidential parliamentary republic.

500 Spanish civil servants sign a pro-democracy manifesto

Assumes sovereign powers "provisionally" 3 weeks before Francos death

Promises the re-establshment of parlamentary Government for the 1st time since 1939

Speaks at a United Ulster Unionist rally on proposals for a Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention.

The communist forces of the Khmer Rouge overthrow the Lon Government after a civil war

Takes part in the military coup

General Ziaur Rahman, father of Khaleda Zia, becomes the military ruler

13-15 April, killed during a coup led by Felix Malloum, an army Chief of Staff

Governs as Chief administrator under martial law after deposing Prime Minister Bhutto

The Government is forced to invest GBP 184 million to prevent Chrysler leaving the UK

Declaration of Helsinki establishes the Conf on Security & Co-operation in Europe

South Africa is condemned by the African states at the OAU Conference

The Declaration covers human rights

The Declaration establishes the Conference on Security & Co-operation in Europe. Participating States will respect human rights and fundamental freedoms. Declaration of Helsinki establishes the Conf on Security & Co-operation in Europe

Participating States will respect human rights and fundamental freedoms

There are 26 deaths after demonstrations

Sterling devaluation increases pressure on Healey to secure stricter wage restraint.

Dick Gregory and associates submitted photographic material to the Rockefeller Commission alleging that Hunt and Sturgis resembled men detained in Dallas.

Kissinger succeeds in bringing the Israelis & Egyptians to the negotiating table

Supports the Rome European Council decision advancing direct universal elections to the European Parliament.

Ringo Starr and Maureen Cox divorce

Harold Pinters "No Mans Land," premiers in London

Performs during Led Zeppelin's major Earls Court concerts.

Begins Led Zeppelin's celebrated run of Earls Court concerts.

Kabariti participates in economic reform connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

Healey gives trade unions one week to accept a ten percent limit on pay increases.

Healey moves in the 2nd reading of a Bill to control pay increases, passed by 294 to 16.

OPEC agrees to a 10 percent increase in the price of crude oil, triggers huge inflation

The British population agrees to European Common Market membership

The pound falls 27.6 percent against a basket of currencies. A "no panic" speech indicates complacency

Announces the Government's anti-inflation policy

Begins 1 yr Bar course at Lincolns Inn

Addresses a public meeting on the EEC as campaigning develops before the 1975 membership referendum.

Announces for the first time in the Commons a referendum will be held on EEC membership

The Allahabad High Court invalidates Indira Gandhi's 1971 election for electoral malpractice, triggering a major political crisis.

A judge rules the 1971 election victory invalid because of aid by civil servants.

Margaret Thatcher wins 130 votes, Ted Heath 119 & Hugh Fraser 16, 1st round

Heaths favoured candidate William Whitelaw loses to Thatcher, 146 to 79

The MPLA, FNLA & UNITA agree to hold the first assembly elections in October 1975. The free elections the agreement had provided for by October 31, 1975 were finally held in 1992, UNITA, in 2nd place, did not accept the outcome and the civil war continued for another 10 years, only to end in 2002, when UNITA leader Savimbi got killed

The MPLA, FNLA & UNITA agree to hold the first assembly elections in October 1975. The free elections the agreement had provided for by October 31, 1975 were finally held in 1992, UNITA, in 2nd place, did not accept the outcome and the civil war continued for another 10 years, only to end in 2002, when UNITA leader Savimbi got killed

The MPLA, FNLA & UNITA agree to hold the first assembly elections in October 1975. The free elections the agreement had provided for by October 31, 1975 were finally held in 1992, UNITA, in 2nd place, did not accept the outcome and the civil war continued for another 10 years, only to end in 2002, when UNITA leader Savimbi got killed

1st Conservative leader to help contest a by-election, 7.6% swing in favour

Parliament passes measures that strengthen executive authority during the Emergency.

Provides protection for employees owed wages, holiday pay or pension contributions when employers become insolvent.

The Hartling Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Faces the fall of Saigon and the end of the Vietnam War

Supports the Community directive requiring equal pay for men and women.

Democratic Kampuchea declared under Angkar leadership

Leads the government during the referendum in which Jenkins campaigns for continued membership.

Leads Ireland during the establishment of the European Regional Development Fund, a major Irish Community priority.

Forced evacuation of Phnom Penh population to rural zones

5 Basque separatists are sentenced to death for killing policemen

5 Basque separatists are executed for killing policemen

Resigns and leaves Cambodia before the Khmer Rouge capture Phnom Penh

Thieu escapes to begin a life in exile, in London, then in Boston

Releases album, "Exttra Texture" in the UK

A coup attempt involving Revolutionary Command Council member Omar Muhayshi fails.

Khmer Rouge capture Phnom Penh, beginning Democratic Kampuchea

Sees North Vietnam victory as a success for a Soviet backed ally

Fame tops the US singles chart, co-written by Bowie, John Lennon and guitarist Carlos Alomar.

Reaches number one in the United States with Fame, co-written with John Lennon and Carlos Alomar.

"Fame," a song from David Bowies Young Americans album, tops the US singles charts, it is cowritten by Bowie, John Lennon and guitarist Carlos Aloma

Commands one of the main forces attacking Saigon

Commands communist forces in the southern theater during the final offensive

Approves the final campaign to defeat South Vietnam

Finance Act 1975 receives Royal Assent, altering duties and public revenue law.

Represents Germany at the first meeting formally held under the title European Council.

Giscard represented France at the first meeting of the newly created European Council in Dublin.

Hosts the first formal meeting of the European Council at Dublin Castle.

The achievement marks first images from venus as an important Russian scientific milestone.

Begins Ireland's first Presidency of the Council only two years after joining the Community.

UNITA and the FNLA also declare Angolan independence as the Social Democratic Republic of Angola based in Huambo and the Democratic Republic of Angola based in Ambriz

Presses a button in the Forties control room to make Britain self-sufficient by 1980

Deng Xiaoping supports Zhou Enlai's Four Modernizations programme against radical opposition

Zhou Enlai presents the Four Modernizations at the Fourth National People's Congress

Signs the United States instrument of ratification for the 1925 Geneva Protocol.

Kabariti participates in government appointment connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.

His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.

John Guise becomes first Governor-General of independent Papua New Guinea

Speaks of his "Grand Design" to modernize China

The US Court of Appeal overturns the order to deport John and he is granted residency status, the authorities announce, "Lennons four year Battle to remain in our country is testimony to his faith in this American dream."

Appointed Head of the Armed Forces

Elizabeth II becomes monarch and head of state when Papua New Guinea gains independence

Becomes head of state after Khmer Rouge victory and the end of the Khmer Republic

Becomes nominal head of state after Khmer Rouge victory and the end of the Khmer Republic

Addresses the European security conference and presents détente as a foundation for lasting peace.

Signs the Helsinki Final Act with leaders of thirty-four other participating states.

Meets Gerald Ford during the European security summit and discusses arms control and bilateral relations.

Meets French President Valery Giscard d'Estaing during the Helsinki summit.

Commands the final North Vietnamese offensive toward Saigon

In congressional testimony, Hosty maintained that he destroyed the Oswald note after being instructed to do so by his Dallas superior.

Hosty told investigators that he remembered the note as a complaint and did not recall language threatening violence against the FBI.

Iceland moves its boundary for fishing rights from 50 to 200 miles

The Budget raises the basic rate of income tax from 33 percent to 35 percent.

The FNLA and UNITA forge an alliance proclaiming their own coalition Government based in Huambo with Holden Roberto and Jonas Savimbi as co-presidents and Jose Ndele and Johnny Pinnock Eduardo as co-Prime Minister's

The Alvor Agreement grants Angola independence from Portugal on November 11, ending the war for independence while marking the transition to civil war

Agostinho Neto, the leader of the MPLA, declares the independence of the Peoples Republic of Angola, in accordance with the Alvor Accords

UNITA and the FNLA also declare Angolan independence as the Social Democratic Republic of Angola based in Huambo and the Democratic Republic of Angola based in Ambriz. Agostinho Neto, the leader of the MPLA, declares the independence of the Peoples Republic of Angola, in accordance with the Alvor Accords

The FNLA and UNITA forge an alliance proclaiming their own coalition Government based in Huambo with Holden Roberto and Jonas Savimbi as co-presidents and Jose Ndele and Johnny Pinnock Eduardo as co-Prime Minister's

The Alvor Agreement grants Angola independence from Portugal on November 11, ending the war for independence while marking the transition to civil war

The FNLA and UNITA forge an alliance proclaiming their own coalition Government based in Huambo with Holden Roberto and Jonas Savimbi as co-presidents and Jose Ndele and Johnny Pinnock Eduardo as co-Prime Minister's

The Alvor Agreement grants Angola independence from Portugal on November 11, ending the war for independence while marking the transition to civil war

The FNLA and UNITA forge an alliance proclaiming their own coalition Government based in Huambo with Holden Roberto and Jonas Savimbi as co-presidents and Jose Ndele and Johnny Pinnock Eduardo as co-Prime Minister's

Visited by Sihanouk, Chou asserts China must build a "neutral, independent Kampuchea"

Visited by Sihanouk, Chou asserts China must build a "neutral, independent Kampuchea"

A Marxist black state takes over after independence from Portugal, a friendly power

A Marxist black state takes over after independence from Portugal, a friendly power

Creates machinery for promoting better industrial relations between employers, workers and trade unions.

Industry Act 1975 extends selective financial assistance and public intervention powers in industry.

Industry Act 1975 receives Royal Assent, creating the National Enterprise Board and industrial support powers.

OPEC agrees to a 10 percent increase in the price of crude oil, triggers huge inflation

Announces the Government's anti-inflation policy

The Bill for controlling inflation & pay increases receives the Royal Assent

Inflation peaks at about 26.9 percent as the Government seeks support for pay restraint.

South Africa invades Angola

The American Ambassador & his staff are evacuated by helicopter from Phnom Penh

Speaking in New Orleans says that the war is "finished"

Thieu decides to abandon all of the highlands, except the Ban Me Thuot region. Leads to a speedy collapse of resistance in the south & an end to the war

Meets with his commanders at Camranh & orders withdrawal from the Northern Provinces

Ronnie Wood joins the Rolling Stones on tour before becoming a full member.

The communist forces of the Khmer Rouge overthrow the Lon Government after a civil war

The Khmer Rouge captures Phnom Penh. The Khmer Rouge capture Phnom Penh

The Khmer Rouge capture Phnom Penh

The Khmer Rouge attack Phnom Penh

Knebworth Festival, Pink Floyd premiere "Wish You Were Here" with the help of Spitfires, pyrotechnics and an exploding plane which flies into the stage, probably the most spectacular gig of the decade

Knebworth Festival, Pink Floyd premiere "Wish You Were Here" with the help of Spitfires, pyrotechnics and an exploding plane which flies into the stage, probably the most spectacular gig of the decade

Knighted at Buckingham Palace

Is challenged by Margaret Thatcher in the Conservative leadership contest.

Ross lifts the League Cup after Villa defeats Norwich City.

Graydon scores from the rebound after his penalty is saved in the League Cup final.

Clough makes a quick return to management with Nottingham Forest, who at the time are a Second Division side, joined by Peter Taylor

Clough makes a quick return to management with Nottingham Forest, who at the time are a Second Division side, joined by Peter Taylor

Mariner 10 obtains some of its highest-resolution Mercury images during the mission's third and closest flyby.

Ground controllers turn off Mariner 10's transmitter after the spacecraft exhausts its attitude-control gas following three Mercury encounters.

Cher divorces Sonny Bono

Cher divorces Sonny Bono

John and Yoko are reunited

Introduces statutory maternity pay provisions within the Employment Protection Act.

Creates statutory maternity protections including rights connected with pregnancy and confinement.

A "financial mechanism" is agreed to prevent Britain from paying the EC too much

Defeated by Margaret Thatcher

Magnetic measurements from Mariner 10's final close encounter confirm Mercury's internally generated field and magnetospheric structure.

Founds the National Revolutionary Movement for Development.

The National Enterprise Board is established to take public equity stakes and support industrial regeneration.

The National Enterprise Board is set up to implement the Wilson Labour Government's objective of extending public ownership of industry. Legislation for National Enterprise Board & Planning Agreements is given Royal assent

The FNLA and UNITA forge an alliance proclaiming their own coalition Government based in Huambo with Holden Roberto and Jonas Savimbi as co-presidents and Jose Ndele and Johnny Pinnock Eduardo as co-Prime Minister's

The MPLA drive the FNLA out of Luanda & the Government collapses

The MPLA, FNLA & UNITA agree to hold the first assembly elections in October 1975

UNITA and the FNLA also declare Angolan independence as the Social Democratic Republic of Angola based in Huambo and the Democratic Republic of Angola based in Ambriz

The FNLA and UNITA forge an alliance proclaiming their own coalition Government based in Huambo with Holden Roberto and Jonas Savimbi as co-presidents and Jose Ndele and Johnny Pinnock Eduardo as co-Prime Minister's

The MPLA, FNLA & UNITA agree to hold the first assembly elections in October 1975

The FNLA and UNITA forge an alliance proclaiming their own coalition Government based in Huambo with Holden Roberto and Jonas Savimbi as co-presidents and Jose Ndele and Johnny Pinnock Eduardo as co-Prime Minister's

President Gerald Ford approves covert aid to UNITA and the FNLA through Operation IA Feature

The MPLA, FNLA & UNITA agree to hold the first assembly elections in October 1975

The FNLA and UNITA forge an alliance proclaiming their own coalition Government based in Huambo with Holden Roberto and Jonas Savimbi as co-presidents and Jose Ndele and Johnny Pinnock Eduardo as co-Prime Minister's

The petroleum legislation creates a National Oil Account linked to public control of oil resources.

Portuguese banks and insurance companies are nationalized during the revolutionary process

The iron ore industry is nationalized before the oil sector is brought under state ownership

Visited by Sihanouk, Chou asserts China must build a "neutral, independent Kampuchea". Tells Sihanouk, China must build up a "neutral, independent Kampuchea"

In a June 20, 1975, newspaper interview, Sturgis described himself as a spy, a claim that attracted additional attention to his intelligence associations.

Shares the physics prize for describing collective motion in atomic nuclei.

Congressional inquiry recorded conflicting recollections about whether Oswald's note was merely a complaint or contained a threat.

After the nuclear reactor deal with France declares there will be an Arab atomic bomb

Congress approved the law reserving the petroleum industry to the state.

Sings on One of These Nights, the album that turns Eagles into international stars.

President Gerald Ford approves covert aid to UNITA and the FNLA through Operation IA Feature

Advocates a stronger campaign against Soviet-backed forces in Angola.

Says US Secretary of State Kissinger had tricked him into signing the Paris Peace Agreement two years ago, promising military aid which failed to materialise

Appointed Leader of the Conservative Party

Pathet Lao forces complete their takeover of Vientiane after communist victories in Indochina

Announces the need to legislate for statutory pay limits in the Commons

Healey supports the 6 pounds weekly limit as part of the anti-inflation package.

Healey sees pay-control legislation progress after intense Commons debate.

Announces the Attack on Inflation policy with a flat weekly pay limit.

The pay policy passes through the Commons by 327 votes to 269.

The Government defends the six pound pay limit as central to reducing inflation.

Orders the French troops out of Chad

13-27 Oct, the French pull out of Chad, ending a 78 year military presence

Castro orders the deployment of Cuban troops to Angola in order to aid the Marxist MPLA-ruled Government against the South African-backed UNITA opposition forces

Agostinho Neto, the leader of the MPLA, declares the independence of the Peoples Republic of Angola, in accordance with the Alvor Accords

Petroleum and Submarine Pipe-lines Act 1975 receives Royal Assent, establishing the British National Oil Corporation.

Releases the double album Physical Graffiti on Swan Song.

Wish You Were Here is released; black, shrink-wrapped, anonymous

Roger Waters pre-empts Punk by spitting at the audience, stunned by his own actions, he starts to think of building a polythene wall between himself and his audience

Wish You Were Here is released; black, shrink-wrapped, anonymous

Industry Act 1975 provides for planning agreements between government and major manufacturing companies.

Visits Mao & accuses Zao of a plot, Mao says "The Premier does not plot"

The Declaration covers human rights

The Declaration covers human rights. Participating States will respect human rights and fundamental freedoms

Participating States will respect human rights and fundamental freedoms

The Declaration covers human rights

Helps consolidate communist control in the South after Saigon falls

Represents the revolutionary government after the collapse of South Vietnam

Appointed President of Iraq, announced by al-Bakr on the eve of 17th July celebrations

Appointed first president of the Lao People Democratic Republic after the end of the monarchy

Appointed military Head of State of Nigeria after the overthrow of Yakubu Gowon

Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.

Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.

Becomes prime minister and dominant leader of the new Lao Peoples Democratic Republic

Appointed Prime Minister after Sorie Ibrahim Koroma leaves office

Appointed Prime Minister of Angola

Appointed Prime Minister of Chad

Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 2nd term

Michael Somare becomes first Prime Minister of independent Papua New Guinea

Allows complaints and protective awards where employers fail to consult trade unions over redundancies.

The communist Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG) has said President Thieu must step down before any peace talks with Saigon could begin

Appears on Radio-Activity soon after joining the group.

Adds electronic percussion to Radio-Activity during the classic line-up's early phase.

Releases Radio-Activity, linking radio transmission, nuclear imagery and electronic pop.

Uses electronics and voice processing on Radio-Activity.

Congressional investigators compared Hosty's recollection of the note with a former Dallas FBI receptionist's more threatening account of its contents.

Deng Xiaoping leads efforts to restore order in railways, industry and education

The Stammheim trial of Baader, Ensslin, Meinhof, and Jan-Carl Raspe begins, named after a city district of Stuttgart where it takes place

The Stammheim trial of Baader, Ensslin, Meinhof, and Jan-Carl Raspe begins, named after a city district of Stuttgart where it takes place

Places duties on employers to consult trade union representatives over proposed redundancies.

In Cabinet votes to dissociate from Labours policy of accepting the yes vote

Announces that collective Cabinet responsibility will be relaxed

Announces for the first time in the Commons a referendum will be held on EEC membership

Cabinet votes in favour of the "yes" vote by 16 to 7. Cabinet votes in favour of holding the referendum

Addresses the NEC Conference on Europe but it votes 2 to 1 to stay out of Europe

There is 64.5 percent turnout, 17.4 million vote for continued membership and 8.5 million against membership

Campaigns for leaving the European Communities during the referendum.

Campaigns for Britain to remain in the European Communities.

Campaigns for continued membership of the European Communities.

Opposes continued European Community membership during the referendum.

Welcomes the referendum result confirming Britain's continued European Community membership.

The Bill for controlling inflation & pay increases receives the Royal Assent

Ho Lung is rehabilitated

Supports continued European Community membership after renegotiation.

Reports renegotiated European Community terms before the membership referendum.

Reopens the Suez Canal under Egyptian control after postwar clearance and disengagement agreements.

Reopens the Suez Canal to international navigation after clearance and reconstruction.

Leaves the Conservative leadership after losing the first ballot to Margaret Thatcher.

Resigns as South Vietnam collapses under the final offensive

Nine days after Nguyen Van Thieus resignation, the Vietnam war ends with the fall of Saigon

On TV & radio address, outgoing President Nguyen Van Thieu says his forces failed to stop the advance of the Vietcong because of lack of funds promised to him by the USA.

Says US Secretary of State Kissinger had tricked him into signing the Paris Peace Agreement two years ago, promising military aid which failed to materialise.

The President of South Vietnam is forced to resign accusing the United States of betrayal. The communist Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG) has said President Thieu must step down before any peace talks with Saigon could begin.

The monarchy is restored after the death of Franco

Officially retires for health reasons

Returns to Phnom Penh with his wife under Khmer Rouge supervision

Allowed to visit Phnom Penh after five years in exile

Supports policy toward national reunification after the end of the war

The failed coup weakens internal opposition and leads to a purge of dissident officers.

The Rockefeller Commission found no credible evidence supporting allegations that the CIA, Hunt, or Sturgis participated in President Kennedy's assassination.

The Rockefeller Commission reported that Sturgis was not a CIA employee or agent in 1963 or at any other time.

The Rockefeller Commission investigated claims that Sturgis and E. Howard Hunt had been present near the Kennedy assassination scene.

The Rockefeller Commission examined photographic comparisons used to claim that Sturgis was one of the three men detained near Dealey Plaza.

Rolling Stones release a compilation, "Made in the Shade"

Rolling Stones release a compilation, "Made in the Shade"

Ronnie Wood joins the Rolling Stones for a recording session in Munich

It is announced that Ronnie Wood will join as a guest on the Rolling Stones tour of America

Joins Dylan's Rolling Thunder Revue.

Begins the Rolling Thunder Revue tour.

Hosts the European Council as leaders discuss direct elections, a common passport and Community representation at G7 summits.

Kissinger, Rabin & Peres agree the withdrawal of Israel from Sinai

Kissinger, Rabin & Peres agree the withdrawal of Israel from Sinai

Kissinger, Rabin & Peres agree the withdrawal of Israel from Sinai

Records Sabotage during a period of legal and management pressure around the band.

Sings on Sabotage as Black Sabbath releases one of its heaviest mid-1970s albums.

Amends workplace safety law to support the appointment of safety representatives through recognised trade unions.

Oversees the final US embassy evacuation from Saigon

Drums at the first Sex Pistols gig, helping launch the band before a student audience.

Plays guitar at the first Sex Pistols gig after the group adopts its new name and image.

Plays bass at the band's first Sex Pistols performance at Saint Martins College of Art.

Fronts the Sex Pistols at their first gig, giving the band its confrontational vocal identity.

Saukham Khoy becomes acting president after Lon Nol leaves Cambodia

The Kinks release Schoolboys in Disgrace.

Begins the Second Jørgensen Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Saunders leads Villa to a 1-0 League Cup final victory over Norwich City.

McLaren returns to Britain, by which time he had renamed his King's Road shop SEX, selling S&M (sadomasochistic) style clothing

The band play their first gig as Sex Pistols at Saint Martins College

The band play their first gig as Sex Pistols at Saint Martins College

Investigators confronted the conflict between Hosty's claim that Shanklin ordered destruction of the note and Shanklin's denial of prior knowledge.

Syd Barrett unexpectedly visits Abbey Road while Pink Floyd work on material for Wish You Were Here

The north make a succesful attack on Ban Me Thuot in the central highlands

The Khmer Rouge captures Phnom Penh

The Khmer Rouge attack Phnom Penh

The NV attack on Phuoc Long starts the 3rd Indochina War

North Vietnamese troops have surrounded Saigon and military expert are predicting the city will fall within weeks if not days. 5 divisions of South Vietnamese infantry troops, a division of US Rangers & 2 brigades of US Marines in position around Saigon are outnumbered by more than 2 ro 1

Nine days after Nguyen Van Thieus resignation, the Vietnam war ends with the fall of Saigon

Ambassador Graham Martin and 7100 US & SV personnel are evacuated

The West German embassy in Stockholm was seized by members of the RAF; two of the hostages are murdered as the German Government under Chancellor Helmut Schmidt refuses to give in to their demands

A referendum in Sikkim produces overwhelming support for ending the monarchy and joining India as a state.

Sikkim becomes India's twenty-second state.

The party becomes the institutional base of his presidency.

Healey supports a voluntary limit of six pounds on weekly pay increases to slow inflation.

The Kinks release Soap Opera.

Presents the Employment Protection Bill as part of Labour's industrial relations programme.

Defends pay-control legislation while stressing union consultation.

Delivers employment rights legislation promised through the Social Contract.

Healey uses the Budget to support anti-inflation policy within the Social Contract framework.

Healey backs the six pounds weekly pay limit as part of the anti-inflation package.

Announces the Attack on Inflation programme tied to the Social Contract.

Employment Protection Act 1975 receives Royal Assent as a major employment rights measure of the Social Contract period.

Sees the Employment Protection Act receive Royal Assent.

Social Security Act 1975 consolidates national insurance contributions and benefit provisions.

Appears on Soul Train, becoming one of the few white British rock artists to perform on the programme.

The South African Government tells Savimbi and Roberto that the South African Defence Force (SADF) will soon end operations in Angola despite the coalitions failure to capture Luanda and therefore secure international recognition

Supports the final military campaign that leads to reunification

Release Squeeze Box as a single.

President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed proclaims a national Emergency on the advice of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

Indira Gandhi's government begins the Emergency period, during which civil liberties and political opposition are sharply restricted.

Sturgis was interviewed during the Rockefeller Commission's examination of allegations connecting him with the Kennedy assassination.

Succeeds as King of Spain

Becomes crown prince following King Khalid's accession.

Succeeds King Faisal as the fourth king of Saudi Arabia.

Presides over the formal reopening of the Suez Canal after eight years of closure.

Orders South Vietnamese forces to surrender as Saigon falls

Orders South Vietnamese forces to surrender

Receives the surrender of Duong Van Minh at the presidential palace

Releases Tangled Up in Blue on Blood on the Tracks.

Iceland moves its boundary for fishing rights from 50 to 200 miles

"Thank God Im a Country Boy," by John Denver hits #1

Release The Who by Numbers.

Mariner 10 completes a third Mercury encounter, demonstrating the effectiveness of Colombo's repeat-flyby trajectory.

The Thirty-sixth Amendment completes Sikkim's admission as a full state of India.

Appears on the covers of Time and Newsweek in the same week during the Born to Run breakthrough.

Releases the film version of Tommy.

Stars as Tommy in Ken Russell's film.

Releases Tonight's the Night, shaped by grief over the deaths of Danny Whitten and Bruce Berry.

The Declaration establishes the Conference on Security & Co-operation in Europe. The Declaration covers human rights

Accepts principles on sovereign equality, territorial integrity and the peaceful settlement of disputes.

Endorses provisions on economic, scientific, technological and environmental cooperation.

Joins Western and Eastern leaders in using the CSCE process to support détente in Europe.

Signs the Helsinki Final Act for the United Kingdom at the close of the CSCE summit.

Supports human rights and fundamental freedoms as part of the Helsinki settlement.

The Declaration establishes the Conference on Security & Co-operation in Europe. The Declaration covers human rights

Opening day of the Stammheim trial of Baader, Ensslin, Meinhof, and Jan-Carl Raspe began, named after a city district of Stuttgart where it takes place

Opening day of the Stammheim trial of Baader, Ensslin, Meinhof, and Jan-Carl Raspe began, named after a city district of Stuttgart where it takes place

Sentenced to life in prison for her attempted assassination of President Ford

The Allahabad High Court invalidates Indira Gandhi's 1971 election, intensifying the political confrontation that precedes the Emergency.

Opening day of the Stammheim trial of Baader, Ensslin, Meinhof, and Jan-Carl Raspe began, named after a city district of Stuttgart where it takes place

Meinhof, Baader, Ensslin, and Raspe are charged with four counts of murder, fifty-four of attempted murder, and a single count of forming a criminal association

Opening day of the Stammheim trial of Baader, Ensslin, Meinhof, and Jan-Carl Raspe began, named after a city district of Stuttgart where it takes place

Opening day of the Stammheim trial of Baader, Ensslin, Meinhof, and Jan-Carl Raspe began, named after a city district of Stuttgart where it takes place

Addresses South Down Unionists on Ulster and the constitutional questions facing Northern Ireland.

Unemployment reaches one million, intensifying criticism of the Government's economic management.

Strengthens employee protection against unfair dismissal through the employment tribunal system.

Castro orders the deployment of Cuban troops to Angola in order to aid the Marxist MPLA-ruled Government against the South African-backed UNITA opposition forces

The FNLA and UNITA forge an alliance proclaiming their own coalition Government based in Huambo with Holden Roberto and Jonas Savimbi as co-presidents and Jose Ndele and Johnny Pinnock Eduardo as co-Prime Minister's

The MPLA, FNLA & UNITA agree to hold the first assembly elections in October 1975. The free elections the agreement had provided for by October 31, 1975 were finally held in 1992, UNITA, in 2nd place, did not accept the outcome and the civil war continued for another 10 years, only to end in 2002, when UNITA leader Savimbi got killed

UNITA and the FNLA also declare Angolan independence as the Social Democratic Republic of Angola based in Huambo and the Democratic Republic of Angola based in Ambriz

The FNLA and UNITA forge an alliance proclaiming their own coalition Government based in Huambo with Holden Roberto and Jonas Savimbi as co-presidents and Jose Ndele and Johnny Pinnock Eduardo as co-Prime Minister's

The MPLA, FNLA & UNITA agree to hold the first assembly elections in October 1975. The free elections the agreement had provided for by October 31, 1975 were finally held in 1992, UNITA, in 2nd place, did not accept the outcome and the civil war continued for another 10 years, only to end in 2002, when UNITA leader Savimbi got killed

The FNLA and UNITA forge an alliance proclaiming their own coalition Government based in Huambo with Holden Roberto and Jonas Savimbi as co-presidents and Jose Ndele and Johnny Pinnock Eduardo as co-Prime Minister's

President Gerald Ford approves covert aid to UNITA and the FNLA through Operation IA Feature

The FNLA and UNITA forge an alliance proclaiming their own coalition Government based in Huambo with Holden Roberto and Jonas Savimbi as co-presidents and Jose Ndele and Johnny Pinnock Eduardo as co-Prime Minister's

Spains Manuel Orantes wins U.S. Open, beating Jimmy Connors in 3 sets

Venera 10 lands successfully on Venus and returns measurements from the hostile surface environment.

Venera 10 launches as part of a paired orbiter-and-lander mission to Venus.

Venera 10 returns panoramic black-and-white images from Venus, extending the first photographic survey of the planet's surface.

Supports the planetary programme that lands Venera 9 on Venus.

Is appointed Vice President of Egypt by President Anwar Sadat.

North Vietnam achieves victory as Saigon falls

Celebrates communist victory after decades of war

Asks Congress for emergency aid for South Vietnam

Visited by Sihanouk, Chou asserts China must build a "neutral, independent Kampuchea"

Hunt eventually spent 33 months in prison at the low-security Federal Prison Camp at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, on a conspiracy charge, arriving there on April 25, 1975

Hunt eventually spent 33 months in prison at the low-security Federal Prison Camp at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, on a conspiracy charge, arriving there on April 25, 1975

Is acquitted while other defendants in the Watergate cover-up trial are convicted.

Arrives at the federal prison camp at Eglin Air Force Base to serve imprisonment arising from his Watergate conspiracy conviction.

Acquitted of all charges

Pink Floyd release Wish You Were Here in the United Kingdom

Appears on Yesterdays, a compilation drawing from the band's early catalogue.

Releases Young Americans, shifting toward soul and funk influences during his Philadelphia soul period.

Works on Young Americans as Bowie explores soul and funk with American musicians.

Robert Mugabe unilaterally assumes control of ZANU after the assassination of Herbert Chitepo

Releases Zuma with Crazy Horse, introducing Cortez the Killer.

Birth oof David Robert Joseph Beckham

Sean Taro Ono Lennon is born at New York Hospital on father John Lennons 35th birthday

Gloria Jones gives birth to Bolan's son, Rolan Bolan.

Sean Taro Ono Lennon is born at New York Hospital on father John Lennons 35th birthday

Releases Born to Run, the album that brings his first major commercial breakthrough.

Killed in a rocket attack at Tan Son Nhut during the final evacuation period

Dies of a heart attack at his Shilin residence in Taipei.

Killed in a rocket attack at Tan Son Nhut during the final evacuation period

Death of Francisco Franco

Death of Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Franco

Death of Haile Selassie

Robert Mugabe unilaterally assumes control of ZANU after the assassination of Herbert Chitepo

13-15 April, killed during a coup led by Felix Malloum, an army Chief of Staff

Crowned King of Spain