1979 in History

Scores Arsenal's opening goal in the 3-2 FA Cup final victory over Manchester United.

Heads Arsenal's second goal in the dramatic 3-2 FA Cup final victory over Manchester United.

Pedals the flying "Gossamer Albatross" over the English Channel

Buzzcocks' third album A Different Kind of Tension enters the UK albums chart.

With G. Edward Danielson, identifies Adrastea in Voyager 2 images of Jupiter's ring region.

The Adventures of the Hersham Boys reaches the UK Top Ten albums chart.

Israel returns the Alma oil field in A-Tour to Egypt

Exposed as a former Soviet spy and stripped of his knighthood.

Finds anti-Castro Cuban groups were not involved as groups.

The HSCA's final findings did not identify anti-Castro Cuban groups as organizational participants in Kennedy's assassination, despite reviewing militant networks that included MIRR.

Appointed Secretary of State for Environment.

Gumede becomes ceremonial President under the Internal Settlement constitution.

Muzorewa becomes Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Rhodesia after the Internal Settlement election.

The Arab League suspends Egypt following its Treaty with Israel

Faces Egypt's suspension from the Arab League after signing peace with Israel.

Bhutto, who had returned to Pakistan after completing her studies, is placed under house arrest in the wake of her fathers imprisonment and subsequent execution

President Taraki tries to have Amin assassinated but fails, Amin has him arrested

Officially dies under arrest for trying to assassinate Prime Minister Hafizullah Amin

Death of Adnan Hamdani, executed by Hussein

Killed by a car bomb in the House of Commons

Survives an attempt on his life near the NATO HQ in Belgium. Escapes an assassination attempt by the reconstituted Baader-Meinhof Group

Motahhari is assassinated by the Furqan group, removing one of Khomeini's leading clerical allies

The Kabul Times announces Tarakis death. Officially dies under arrest for trying to assassinate Prime Minister Hafizullah Amin

Death of Walid Mahmoud, tortured & executed by Hussein

Beheshti plays a leading role as the Assembly of Experts begins work on the constitution

Sabbaghian oversees elections for the Assembly of Experts for the Constitution

The Soviet intervention replaces Hafizullah Amin with Babrak Karmal as Afghanistan's leader.

Babylon's Burning enters the Official Singles Chart and reaches number seven.

Bakhtiar receives parliamentary confirmation as prime minister while trying to preserve the constitutional monarchy

Begins the Benedikt Grondal Government and serves as Prime Minister of Iceland.

During Satish Dhawan's chairmanship, Bhaskara I is launched for Earth observation and experimental remote sensing.

Produces Black Rose for Thin Lizzy during Gary Moore's return to the band.

Attends the European Council & forwards the case for reducing Britains contributions

Voyager 1 images show Callisto's heavily cratered and ancient surface.

The Camp David peace Treaty is signed by Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat at the White House

The Vietnamese invade Kampuchea, capturing Phnom Penh. The Vietnamese forces invaded Kampuchea along with the KUFNS, capturing Phnom Penh

The Vietnamese forces invaded Kampuchea along with the KUFNS, capturing Phnom Penh

Meets Jimmy Carter for strategic arms and broader superpower discussions.

United States President Jimmy Carter authorizes covert propaganda support against the Afghan revolutionary government.

President Jimmy Carter signs a directive authorizing the CIA to conduct covert propaganda operations against the revolutionary regime

Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer

Ungo joins the first Revolutionary Government Junta as a civilian member

Coming Up for Air enters the UK albums chart and reaches number thirty-six.

1st Commonwealth Conference to be held in Africa, Rhodesia is the main subject. 1-8 August, attends the Commonwealth Prime Minister's Conference at Lusaka

1st Commonwealth Conference to be held in Africa, Rhodesia is the main subject. 1-8 August, attends the Commonwealth Prime Minister's Conference at Lusaka

Attends an economic conference at Guadeloupe

Iran's new constitution is approved by referendum, formalising the Islamic Republic's governing structure

Bahonar is associated with the Revolutionary Council and the formation of clerical political power

Bahonar is linked to the Revolutionary Council and the Islamic Republic Party

Placed in power by a Russian backed coup

Placed in power by a Russian backed coup

Finds the Cuban government was not involved in the assassination.

Issues a decree recognizing the cueca as Chile's national dance.

Scores twice as Barcelona defeat Fortuna Dusseldorf 4-3 after extra time in the European final.

Khomeini orders supporters to defy Bakhtiar's curfew as the final uprising accelerates

Cut enters the UK albums chart during the Slits' major commercial breakthrough.

After Russia invades Afghanistan the US affirms the 1959 Pakistan defense agreement

The US affirms commitment to Pakistan under the 1959 defense agreement. Russia invades Afghanistan & the US affirms the 1959 defense agreement with Pakistan

The US affirms the 1959 defense agreement with Pakistan

Deadly Shiite riots erupt in Baghdad after the arrest of Shiite leaders

Healey leaves the Treasury after Labour loses the general election.

Romero is overthrown by reformist military officers

Oversees Commission preparations for the first direct elections to the European Parliament.

Identifies a volcanic plume above Io in Voyager 1 imagery, revealing active volcanism beyond Earth.

Stripped of his last title, Deputy Secetaty General of the Ba'ath Socialist Party

The Revolutionary Command Council decide to replace Bakr

Rick Wright is dropped from the Pink Floyd Partnership during final sessions for "The Wall", the move is Waters idea but he is backed by Gilmour

The provisional government publishes a preliminary draft constitution for the Islamic Republic

Hosts the European Council as leaders debate the United Kingdom's Community budget contribution.

Misquoted in the press saying, "Crisis, what crisis?", returning from Guadaloupe

Brown contests Edinburgh South but is not elected to Parliament.

Signs the peace treaty establishing diplomatic relations and phased Israeli withdrawal from Sinai.

Defeated by the National Party

The Government loses a confidence motion by 1 vote. Forced to call a general election

The Labour Party win 36.9% of votes cast & 269 MPs. The Labour Party lose the election after a 7% swing to the Conservatives

Following the electoral defeat, Livingstone told Socialist Organiser that the blame lay solely with the "Labour Governments policies" and the anti-democratic attitude of Callaghan and the Parliamentary Labour Party, calling for greater party democracy and a turn towards a socialist platform

Standing as Labour candidate for Hampstead, Livingstone is defeated by the incumbent Conservative, Geoffrey Finsberg

The Liberals win 13.8% votes cast & 11 MPs

The Conservatives win a majority of 45. Conservatives 339, Labour 268, Liberals 11, others 18

Leads the Conservatives to victory and becomes Prime Minister.

Enters no 10 quoting St Francis, "where there is discord, may we bring harmony"

The Second Olafur Johannesson Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.

The Second Vanden Boeynants Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as Prime Minister of Belgium.

Voyager 1 images reveal Europa's bright, fractured icy surface.

Voyager images show a bright, sparsely cratered Europan surface crossed by long fractures.

Heads the Italian government when the European Monetary System begins operating.

Serves as foreign minister as Italy participates in the new European Monetary System.

France entered the European Monetary System, designed to stabilise exchange rates among participating Community currencies.

Welcomes the launch of the European Monetary System after sustained Commission advocacy.

Heads the government when Ireland joins the new European Monetary System.

Heads the German government when the European Monetary System begins operating with the Deutsche Mark participating.

Presides over the Commission during the first direct European Parliament elections.

Howe abolishes remaining exchange controls on the movement of capital.

Despite the accusation being "widely doubted by the public" and despite many clemency appeals from foreign leaders, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto is hanged. Bhutto, who had returned to Pakistan after completing her studies, is placed under house arrest in the wake of her fathers imprisonment and subsequent execution

The execution of the former Prime Minister provokes lasting political controversy.

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto is executed after conviction in a disputed murder case.

Former prime minister Hoveyda is executed after a revolutionary court trial

The Islamic penal code is introduced; Bhutto hanged

Amin goes first to Libya, departing Uganda in a Bell UH-1 registered 5X-UWG, where sources are divided on whether he remained until December 1979 before finding final asylum in Saudi Arabia

The Shah leaves Iran with his family as revolutionary pressure makes his rule impossible to continue

The Shah leaves Iran and scenes of revolutionary celebration follow across the country

Phnom Penh falls and Khmer Rouge flee to border regions

Concludes Oswald's third shot killed President Kennedy.

Finds the FBI and CIA were not involved in the assassination.

Zia's government advances judicial institutions for reviewing laws under Islamic principles.

Voyager 1 obtains the first close spacecraft image of Amalthea, showing its elongated reddish shape.

Heads the government when Italian voters take part in the first direct elections to the European Parliament.

Serves as foreign minister when German voters participate in the first direct elections to the European Parliament.

Heads the government when Irish voters participate in the first direct European Parliament elections.

Members chose Veil to lead the newly directly elected Parliament, giving a French politician a prominent role in the Community's democratic institutions.

Co-discovers Q0957+561, the first confirmed gravitationally lensed quasar.

Presides over the club as the first Santiago Bernabeu Trophy is staged in Madrid.

Begins the First to Fourth Martens Governments in Brussels and serves as Prime Minister of Belgium.

Khmer Rouge reorganize as part of anti-Vietnam resistance networks

Muzorewa forms the government created by the Internal Settlement election.

Found Out Too Late enters the Official Singles Chart during 999's continuing late-1970s punk activity.

Taleghani becomes a leading revolutionary cleric and mediator in the early Islamic Republic

Friday's Angels enters the Official Singles Chart during the later phase of the original Generation X lineup.

Voyager imagery reveals extensive grooved terrain on Ganymede, demonstrating a complex geological history.

Appointed General Secretary of the Arab League

Calls a meeting of Labour leftists entitled "Taking over the GLC", beginning publication of a monthly newsletter the London Labour Briefing

Releases Gotta Serve Somebody from Slow Train Coming.

The American Ambassador is assassinated. Death of Adolph Dubs, assassinated

Razzaz participates in government appointment connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

Bakhtiar's government collapses and he goes into hiding before fleeing Iran

His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.

Supports government coordination during the operation to restore the mosque.

Directs the state response to the seizure of the Grand Mosque.

Voyager 1 obtains detailed images of the Great Red Spot and surrounding turbulent cloud motions.

Amin assumes control of the Revolutionary Council and the PDPA.

Babrak Karmal is installed as chairman of the Revolutionary Council following the Soviet intervention.

Vietnamese-backed authorities install Heng Samrin as head of state

The former Shah receives medical treatment in the United States for advanced cancer

A major uprising in Herat exposes the revolutionary government's weak control outside Kabul.

Highly Inflammable enters the Official Singles Chart during X-Ray Spex's final original-period releases.

Answers a parliamentary question concerning finance for home ownership.

Appointed Home Secretary

Delivers the Dimbleby Lecture criticising Britain's two-party political system.

Iran begins releasing some women and African American hostages while most embassy captives remain detained

Leaves Khmer Rouge custody on the last Chinese aircraft from Phnom Penh

Speaks in the Commons on housing and local government shortly after taking office.

The committee submitted its final report, preserving its findings on Oswald, possible conspiracy, Cuba-related allegations, and the performance of federal agencies.

Presents the committee's final findings to Congress.

The House Select Committee reported that it found no credible evidence that Oswald had been an FBI informant, despite unresolved concerns about record handling.

Zia promulgates the Hudood Ordinances as part of his Islamization programme.

Shapes In Through the Out Door with prominent keyboards and arrangements.

Releases In Through the Out Door with Led Zeppelin.

Inaugurated as President of Iraq

Answers a parliamentary question on inner-city policy.

Khomeini appoints Bazargan as prime minister of the provisional revolutionary government

Khomeini appoints Bazargan as interim prime minister and calls on Iranians to support him

Khomeini appoints Bazargan as prime minister of the provisional revolutionary government

Khomeini backs Bazargan's provisional government while revolutionary institutions grow in power

Khomeini appoints Bazargan and supports a provisional revolutionary government

Khomeini appoints Mehdi Bazargan as interim prime minister and orders supporters to obey him

Yazdi joins Bazargan's provisional government and becomes a senior foreign policy figure

Congress selects Guevara Arze as interim president after an inconclusive election.

Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin are named winners of the Nobel Peace Prize for their progress toward achieving a Middle East accord

Full international debut against Bulgaria

Under the terms of a joint Syriani declaration Bakr would lead a joint federation. Bakr & Asad announce Government against, "the Zionist-imperialist-Sadat onslaught"

Under the terms of a joint Syriani declaration Bakr would lead a joint federation. Bakr & Asad announce a Government against, "the Zionist-imperialist-Sadat onslaught"

Russia invades after Amins unpopularity & failure to suppress the guerrillas

The US affirms commitment to Pakistan under the 1959 defense agreement. Russia invades Afghanistan

President Jimmy Carter indicates that the Soviet incursion was "the most serious threat to the peace since the Second World War"

The Afghan Revolutionary Central Committee elects as head of Government former Deputy Prime Minister Babrak Karmal. Broadcasts an appeal for Soviet help from a radio station within Russia

Zia-ul-Haq aligns Pakistan with efforts supporting Afghan resistance after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

The Vietnamese invade Kampuchea, capturing Phnom Penh

Russia invades Afghanistan & the US affirms the 1959 defense agreement with Pakistan

Vietnam invades Kampuchea

China invades Vietnam for a 4 week period

Criticizes earlier investigation of possible conspiracy as inadequate.

Voyager colour imagery reveals extensive sulfur-rich deposits and varied volcanic terrain across Io.

Voyager radio observations show strong electrodynamic coupling between Io and Jupiter's magnetic environment.

The embassy seizure turns Iran's revolutionary crisis into a major confrontation with the United States

The seizure of the US Embassy breaks the revolutionary government's relationship with Washington

Iranians want the Shah returned to Iran on charges of torture, murder & robbery

Abu Sharif becomes associated with early Revolutionary Guard organisation after the force is created

Khomeini issues the decree establishing the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

Oversees Ireland's entry into the European Monetary System and the Irish pound's break from sterling parity.

The Islamic penal code is introduced; Bhutto hanged

The Islamic penal code is introduced; Bhutto hanged

Bahonar helps organise revolutionary political activity around the Islamic Republic Party

Bahonar supports the clerical programme that leads to the Islamic Republic

Bahonar helps build clerical support for the Islamic Republic

Bahonar supports the Islamisation of politics after the revolution

Khomeini announces the establishment of the Islamic Republic after the referendum result

Khomeini announces the establishment of the Islamic Republic after the referendum result

Khomeini announces the new Islamic Republic from Tehran after the national vote

Khomeini proclaims the Islamic Republic after the March referendum

Khomeini proclaims the Islamic Republic of Iran after the referendum

Khomeini declares the establishment of the Islamic Republic after the national referendum

Khomeini proclaims the Islamic Republic after the referendum result

Khomeini proclaims the Islamic Republic of Iran in Tehran

Bahonar becomes a founder member of the Islamic Republic Party

Bahonar helps found the Islamic Republic Party and supports the revolutionary clerical programme

Bahonar is a founder member of the Islamic Republic Party

Beheshti helps organise the Islamic Republic Party to consolidate clerical political power

Khamenei becomes one of the clerical founders of the Islamic Republic Party

Rafsanjani helps found the Islamic Republic Party with other close supporters of Khomeini

Bazargan's provisional government administers the referendum on creating an Islamic Republic

Voting begins in a national referendum on replacing the monarchy with an Islamic Republic

Voting begins in a referendum on replacing the monarchy with an Islamic Republic

The Revolutionary Council assumes greater governing authority after Bazargan's provisional cabinet resigns

The Revolutionary Council assumes more direct governing responsibility after Bazargan resigns

Bhutto's execution occurs while Zia's government expands Islamic criminal legislation.

Israel begins to return Sinai to Egypt

Israel returns the Alma oil field in A-Tour to Egypt

"The Eton Rifles" breaks The Jam into the Top 10, hitting the No. 3 spot

Curtis appears on the front cover of the NME due to the persistence of music journalist Paul Morley and that same month the band record their first radio session for BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel

The band begin recording their debut album Unknown Pleasures at Strawberry Studios, producer Martin Hannett contributes significantly to the final sound

The band begin recording their debut album Unknown Pleasures at Strawberry Studios, producer Martin Hannett contributes significantly to the final sound

The band begin recording their debut album Unknown Pleasures at Strawberry Studios, producer Martin Hannett contributes significantly to the final sound

Curtis appears on the front cover of the NME due to the persistence of music journalist Paul Morley and that same month the band record their first radio session for BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel

The band begin recording their debut album Unknown Pleasures at Strawberry Studios, producer Martin Hannett contributes significantly to the final sound

Voyager instruments record ultraviolet emissions associated with Jupiter's powerful auroral regions.

Leads Voyager imaging studies revealing detailed structures in Jupiter's belts, zones and storms.

Voyager observations detect lightning in Jupiter's atmosphere, demonstrating powerful electrical storms.

Voyager magnetometer measurements map Jupiter's powerful magnetic field.

Voyager energetic-particle instruments map Jupiter's magnetosphere and radiation environment.

Voyager plasma measurements characterize charged particles in Jupiter's magnetosphere.

Voyager radio measurements study Jupiter's intense natural radio emissions.

Voyager 1 imagery reveals the faint ring encircling Jupiter.

Soviet special forces disable Kabul's communications hub during the operation against Hafizullah Amin.

The party founded the Patriotic and Democratic Front of the Great National Union of Kampuchea as a united front in September 1979 to fight the PRK and the Vietnamese, led by Khieu Sampan. The armed forces under the command of the party, what remained of the erstwhile Peoples National Liberation Armed Forces of Kampuchea, were renamed National Army of Democratic Kampuchea

Bakhtiar signals he will not block Khomeini's return while appealing for constitutional order

Bakhtiar appeals for constitutional order while preparing for Khomeini's possible return

Bakhtiar proposes that Khomeini return under limits while appealing for preservation of constitutional order

Bakhtiar seeks a controlled return for Khomeini as revolutionary momentum grows

King Rocker enters the Official Singles Chart and reaches number eleven.

Returns Led Zeppelin to major British stages at Knebworth.

Returns to Zimbabwe following the completion of the Lancaster House Agreement, is greeted with enormous supportive crowds

Mugabe signs the settlement providing a ceasefire, constitution and supervised elections.

Tunisia held a legislative election for the national assembly.

Addresses Commons questions on local-authority expenditure.

Answers Commons questions concerning relations with local-authority representatives.

Releases Lodger, completing the Berlin trilogy with Brian Eno and Tony Visconti.

Co-produces Lodger, completing Bowie's Berlin trilogy with Brian Eno.

The Lok Sabha is dissolved after Charan Singh resigns without facing a confidence vote.

London Calling enters the UK albums chart, reaching the Top Ten and expanding the Clash's sound beyond early punk.

Answers parliamentary questions concerning redevelopment of London Docklands.

Calls a meeting of Labour leftists entitled "Taking over the GLC", beginning publication of a monthly newsletter the London Labour Briefing

Love Song enters the Official Singles Chart and becomes the Damned's first UK Top Twenty hit.

The Kinks release Low Budget.

Women demonstrate in Tehran against pressure for compulsory Islamic veiling after the revolution

Bakhtiar announces martial law and a curfew as armed clashes spread in Tehran

Israeli PM Menachem Begin visits Cairo, Egypt, and meets with President Sadat

Elected Member of Parliament for Huntingdon, majority of 21,563

Identifies the small inner Jovian moon Metis in Voyager imagery.

The US affirms the 1959 defense agreement with Pakistan. After Russia invades Afghanistan the US affirms the 1959 Pakistan defense agreement

The armed forces declare neutrality, causing the final collapse of the Pahlavi state

Answers a parliamentary question on the responsibilities of the Department of the Environment.

Mittageisen enters the Official Singles Chart during a turbulent year for the Banshees.

Moshe Dayan, Israeli Foreign Secretary, submits his resignation

Moshe Dayan, Israeli Foreign Secretary, submits his resignation

The armed forces under the command of the party, what remained of the erstwhile Peoples National Liberation Armed Forces of Kampuchea, were renamed National Army of Democratic Kampuchea

Iran's revolutionary government nationalizes private banks after the fall of the monarchy

Natusch launches a coup against the interim constitutional government.

Faces the Commons defeat that brings down James Callaghan's Labour government.

Survives an attempt on his life near the NATO HQ in Belgium

Survives an attempt on his life near the NATO HQ in Belgium

Directs Nosferatu: Phantom der Nacht.

The completed SALT II agreement is signed by President Carter & General Secretary Brezhnev. Negotiated for 7 years & finally signed by the US & Russia, but never ratified

Finds organized crime as a group was not involved.

Concludes Lee Harvey Oswald fired three shots at President Kennedy.

The Shah leaves Iran as Khomeini's revolutionary movement advances toward power

After Russia invades Afghanistan the US affirms the 1959 Pakistan defense agreement

The combination of Moores blues-based guitar and Lynotts voice produced "Parisienne Walkways", which reached the Top Ten in the UK Singles Chart in April 1979

Appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to Margaret Thatcher at the time she became Prime Minister

The pay norm in Cabinet is increased from 5% to 9.5%

Made a type of "pay supremo" to enforce the pay norm over his Cabinet colleagues

The Israeli Parliament approves a peace Treaty with Egypt

The Camp David peace Treaty is signed by Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat at the White House

Signs a Peace Treaty with Egypt in Washington

The Egyptian Parliament unanimously approves a peace Treaty with Israel

Negotiators for Egypt and Israel announce in Washington they had reached tentative agreement on the main points of a peace Treaty

Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin are named winners of the Nobel Peace Prize for their progress toward achieving a Middle East accord

Signs the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty in Washington with Menachem Begin.

Analysis of Voyager 1 imagery identifies the towering volcanic plume associated with Pele on Io.

The Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material is adopted under IAEA auspices.

"Another Brick In The Wall Part II" is released, it goes straight to number one in the UK chart. It is the band's only number one

"The Wall" is finally released

"Another Brick In The Wall Part II" is released, it goes straight to number one in the UK chart. It is the band's only number one

"The Wall" is finally released

Rick Wright is dropped from the Pink Floyd Partnership during final sessions for "The Wall", the move is Waters idea but he is backed by Gilmour

Answers a parliamentary question on the operation of planning inquiries.

Playground Twist enters the Official Singles Chart and reaches the UK Top Thirty.

Appointed Member of Politburo, Candidate Member

Joins the Politburo decision approving Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan.

Khieu Samphan loses state authority as Phnom Penh falls to Vietnamese-backed forces

Appointed President of Algeria, 1st term

Appointed President of Angola, 1st term

Gueiler becomes Bolivia's first female president after the failure of the Natusch coup.

Appointed President of Brazil

Appointed President of Ecuador

Appointed President of Ecuador after the return to civilian rule

Simone Veil was elected the first President of the directly elected European Parliament and the first woman to hold the office.

Appointed President of Iraq, announced by al-Bakr

Appointed President of Iraq

Appointed President of Nigeria, 2nd Republic

Canal Zone is abolished and the Panama Canal Commission begins treaty era administration

Canal Zone is abolished as the Torrijos Carter Treaties begin implementation

Appointed President of Venezuela

Traore is confirmed as president under the new constitutional political system.

The Price Commission is abolished

Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.

Amin becomes prime minister while Taraki remains head of state and PDPA general secretary.

Forms a short-lived Progressive Conservative minority government.

Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 1st term

Appointed Prime Minister of Iceland

Charan Singh becomes Prime Minister with outside Congress support but never faces a confidence vote in Parliament.

Bakhtiar is appointed prime minister as the monarchy tries to survive the revolutionary crisis

Bazargan is appointed prime minister of the provisional revolutionary government

Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, 2nd term

Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 4th term

People's Republic of Kampuchea government forms under Heng Samrin's chairmanship

Finds Kennedy was probably assassinated as a result of conspiracy.

Answers a parliamentary question concerning public-sector land.

Iraqs "night of the long knives", 500 are murdered

Purges the Revolutionary Command Council

Directs the film adaptation of Quadrophenia.

Calls for a new radical centre capable of breaking established party alignments.

Answers a parliamentary question concerning radioactive-waste disposal.

Deadly Shiite riots erupt in Baghdad after the arrest of Shiite leaders

A national referendum begins on replacing the monarchy with an Islamic Republic

The 1st uniform national university entrance exams are introduced

Exchange controls are removed

Tehrani resigns from the Regency Council after meeting Khomeini in France

Amin removes Taraki from government and party leadership after a violent power struggle.

Bakr announces his resignation

Bakr is persuaded bt Hussein to resign, to prevent unifacation with Syria

Bakr announces his resignation

Bakr is persuaded bt Hussein to resign, to prevent unifacation with Syria

Bazargan and his cabinet resign in protest after the seizure of the US Embassy

Bazargan resigns after the seizure of the US Embassy and the weakening of the provisional government

Bazargan resigns after the US Embassy is seized and the provisional government loses authority

Moshe Dayan, Israeli Foreign Secretary, submits his resignation

Moshe Dayan, Israeli Foreign Secretary, submits his resignation

The Government of Mota Pinto resigns

Muzorewa's administration ends as Britain resumes authority before independence elections.

Heavyweight Muhammad Ali confirms that his 3rd retirement is final and he vacates the title

Khomeini returns to Iran after years of exile and is welcomed by huge crowds in Tehran

Khomeini returns to Iran after years of exile and is welcomed by huge crowds in Tehran

Huge crowds welcome Khomeini in Tehran after his return from exile

Khomeini returns from exile and receives a triumphant welcome in Tehran

Bahonar supports the revolutionary clerical movement after the fall of the monarchy

Bahonar supports revolutionary religious politics after the fall of the Shah

Khomeini declares victory as the monarchy collapses and the revolutionary state takes power

Khomeini's supporters take power after the collapse of Bakhtiar's government

Khomeini declares the triumph of the revolution after Bakhtiar's government collapses

Khomeini's followers consolidate power as the revolutionary victory becomes clear

Khomeini's movement takes power after the collapse of the monarchy

Khomeini declares victory as revolutionary forces defeat the monarchy's last government

Khomeini's revolutionary movement takes power after the monarchy collapses

The Afghan Revolutionary Central Committee elects as head of Government former Deputy Prime Minister Babrak Karmal

Khomeini forms the Revolutionary Council to coordinate the transition from the monarchy

Heng Samrin leads the People's Revolutionary Council after the fall of Democratic Kampuchea

Khomeini and the Revolutionary Council become the uncontested centre of power after Bazargan resigns

Gutierrez joins the Revolutionary Government Junta after the October coup

Majano becomes a leading military member of the Revolutionary Government Junta

Iraq breaks its 1975 Treaty with Iran & declares sovereignty over Shatt al-Arab

Israel begins to return Sinai to Egypt

Releases Rust Never Sleeps, moving between acoustic songs and fierce electric performances.

Signs the SALT II agreement with Leonid Brezhnev to place broader limits on strategic offensive nuclear forces.

Signs the SALT II Treaty with Jimmy Carter, setting limits on strategic nuclear delivery systems.

Kurdish unrest grows in Sanandaj as local groups challenge the authority of the new revolutionary state

Cites acoustical evidence suggesting a high probability of two gunmen.

Lynch returns Ireland to the Council chair as the second Irish Community Presidency begins.

Finds the Secret Service was not involved in the assassination.

Visits the security services in Ulster

Healey becomes Shadow Chancellor after Labour loses the general election.

Healey returns to the opposition front bench as Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer.

She's Not There and the Kicks EP enter the Official Singles Chart and reach the UK Top Forty.

Ayatollah Khomeini says the US backed the occupation of the Great Mosque in Mecca

Ayatollah Khomeini says the US backed the occupation of the Great Mosque in Mecca

The Vietnamese forces invaded Kampuchea along with the KUFNS, capturing Phnom Penh

To get the US to return the Shah to Iran on charges of torture, murder & robbery. 500 Iranians sieze the US Embassy in Tehran take 90 hostages & burn the American flag

Iranian students sieze the US Embassy & hold 52 US hostages for 444 days. Ayatollah Khomeini, who assumed control of Iran in Feb, voiced support for the siege

A mob in the Pakistani capital burns the US Embassy to the ground, killing a marine

A mob in the Pakistani capital burns the US Embassy to the ground, killing a marine

Students following the Imam's Line seize the US Embassy and take American personnel hostage

Iranian students seize the US Embassy and begin the hostage crisis involving 52 Americans

Students demand the Shah's return for trial after seizing the US Embassy in Tehran

Releases Slow Train Coming during his gospel period.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam leads the SLV-3 project during India's first experimental flight of its indigenous satellite launch vehicle.

Smash It Up enters the Official Singles Chart during the successful Machine Gun Etiquette period.

Following the electoral defeat, Livingstone told Socialist Organiser that the blame lay solely with the "Labour Governments policies" and the anti-democratic attitude of Callaghan and the Parliamentary Labour Party, calling for greater party democracy and a turn towards a socialist platform

Something That I Said enters the Official Singles Chart and reaches number twenty-nine.

Soviet-controlled Radio Kabul announces the removal of Hafizullah Amin's government.

Finds the Soviet government was not involved in the assassination.

Soviet forces remove Amin and transfer power to Babrak Karmal.

Soviet forces enter Afghanistan in a major military intervention intended to preserve a pro-Soviet government.

Large Soviet military units enter Afghanistan as Moscow prepares to replace Amin.

Soviet special forces seize key government, military and communications sites in Kabul.

Makes maiden speech in the House of Commons

Callaghan wishes to declare a state of emergency but is over-ruled by his colleagues

Stranglehold enters the Official Singles Chart and reaches number twenty-six.

Water workers go on strike. The road haulage drivers dispute is made official by the TGWU. Railway workers want 10% bomus on top of their 20% wage demand. Oil tanker drivers accept 15%. Lorry drivers demand 20%. Local authority workers call for 8%. Cabinet decides to buy off the road haulage workers with a 20% increase

An accidental release of anthrax spores from a Soviet military biological facility causes a lethal outbreak.

Soviet special forces storm Amin's residence and destroy his government.

Soviet special forces storm Tajbeg Palace and Afghan leader Hafizullah Amin is killed.

Becomes Taoiseach for the first time after succeeding Jack Lynch as Fianna Fail leader.

Continues in Parliament as Margaret Thatcher forms a Conservative government.

Directs the documentary The Kids Are Alright.

Records The Long Run, the final Eagles studio album before the band's long breakup.

The Staircase Mystery enters the Official Singles Chart and reaches number twenty-four.

Directs The Tin Drum, winner of the Palme d'Or at Cannes.

Ezrin works with Pink Floyd and Roger Waters on the structure of The Wall

Pink Floyd release The Wall, dominated by Waters's narrative concept

Identifies Thebe, a small inner moon of Jupiter, in Voyager imagery.

Tomorrow's Girls enters the Official Singles Chart and reaches number twenty-eight.

Signs Trevor Francis from Birmingham City in Britain's first £1 million football transfer.

Moves from Birmingham City to Nottingham Forest as Britain's first £1 million footballer.

The Arab League suspends Egypt following its Treaty with Israel

Andreotti signs for Italy as head of government during the Athens accession ceremony.

Battaglia signs for Italy as an under-secretary responsible for foreign affairs.

Bernard-Reymond joins the French delegation signing the treaty that will make Greece the tenth member.

Carington signs for Britain as Foreign Secretary at the ceremony admitting Greece.

Signs Greece's accession treaty as the minister responsible for national economic affairs.

Dillon completes Ireland's delegation signatures as Permanent Representative to the Communities.

Dondelinger represents Luxembourg's permanent mission in signing the Greek accession treaty.

Genscher signs for West Germany as Federal Foreign Minister during the Athens ceremony.

Signs Greece's Treaty of Accession to the European Communities at the Zappeion in Athens.

Leads the government when the Greek Parliament ratifies the accession treaty.

Kofoed signs for Denmark as a cabinet minister participating in the national delegation.

Lubbers signs for the Netherlands as its Permanent Representative to the European Communities.

Lynch adds Ireland's signature to the treaty admitting Greece to the European Communities.

Maitland signs on Britain's behalf as its senior permanent representative to the European Communities.

Martens signs for Belgium as Prime Minister during Greece's accession ceremony.

Nanteuil signs for France in his capacity as Permanent Representative to the European Communities.

O'Kennedy signs for Ireland as Minister for Foreign Affairs during the Zappeion ceremony.

Plaja represents Italy's permanent mission and signs the treaty admitting Greece to the Communities.

Poncet signs for France as Foreign Minister while France presides over the Community institutions.

Signs Greece's accession treaty as Foreign Minister alongside Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis.

Serves as Foreign Minister when Parliament approves Greece's accession treaty.

Riberholdt adds Denmark's signature as the country's Permanent Representative to the European Communities.

Sigrist signs for West Germany as Permanent Representative to the European Communities.

Simonet adds Belgium's signature in his capacity as Foreign Minister.

Thorn signs for Luxembourg while serving as both Prime Minister and Foreign Minister.

Van der Klaauw signs for the Netherlands as Foreign Minister at the Zappeion ceremony.

Van der Meulen signs for Belgium as Permanent Representative to the European Communities.

Negotiated for 7 years & finally signed by the US & Russia, but never ratified. An agreement to limit strategic launchers is reached in Vienna and is signed by Leonid Brezhnev and President of the United States Jimmy Carter

Chuck Berry is charged with tax evasion

Salim Shakir is tried for plotting against Saddam Hussein & is jailed for 7 yrs

Salim Shakir is tried for plotting against Saddam Hussein & is jailed for 7 yrs

Typical Girls and I Heard It Through the Grapevine enter the Official Singles Chart as a double-sided release.

British authority is restored, ending the constitutional order created by UDI.

Anti-Vietnam Cambodian representatives retain international recognition after the fall of Phnom Penh

Pol Pot takes the United Nations seat as the legitimate representitive of Kampuchea

Addresses Commons questions on urban partnership schemes.

The Shah enters the United States for medical treatment, intensifying revolutionary anger in Iran

The former Shah enters the United States for medical treatment, intensifying revolutionary anger in Iran

Voyager imagery reveals the vast multi-ring Valhalla impact structure on Callisto.

Valley of the Dolls enters the UK albums chart during Generation X's second album campaign.

Valley of the Dolls enters the Official Singles Chart and reaches number twenty-three.

Beheshti helps secure approval of constitutional provisions giving ultimate authority to a religious jurist

The Vienna International Centre is inaugurated and becomes the IAEA's permanent headquarters complex.

Issues a joint summit statement with Jimmy Carter supporting continued strategic arms negotiations.

Arrives in Vienna for summit negotiations with United States President Jimmy Carter.

President Asad of Syria visits Saddam Hussein to discuss Iraqi & Syrian unification

President Asad of Syria visits Saddam Hussein to discuss Iraqi & Syrian unification

The Government loses a confidence motion by 1 vote

Loses a vote of confidence in the lower house, presented by the Socialist Party

Voyager 1 makes its closest approach to Jupiter and surveys its atmosphere, rings and moons.

Voyager 1 begins intensive approach observations of Jupiter and its satellites before closest approach.

Voyager 2 flies past Jupiter and extends observations of the planet and Jovian satellites.

Voyager 2 begins its dedicated Jupiter observation campaign during approach to the Jovian system.

Answers a parliamentary question concerning wildlife policy within his departmental responsibilities.

Britain is hit by a series of public sector worker strikes that came to be known as the "Winter of Discontent", in Camden Borough, council employees unionise under the National Union of Public Employees (NUPE).

go on strike, demanding a 35 hour limit to their working week and a weekly wage increase to pounds 60, Livingstone backs the strikers, urging Camden Council to grant their demands, eventually getting his way.

Gaddafi leaves the General People's Congress secretariat while retaining revolutionary authority.

Sebastian Coe runs world record 3:49 mile in Oslo

Scores Argentina's third goal in the 3-1 World Youth Championship final victory over the Soviet Union.

Birth of Charles Philip Edmund, eldest son of Charles XVI

Birth of Charles Philip Edmund Bertil, Charles XVIs son

Death of Airey Neave, assassinated

Amin is killed during the Soviet assault on Tajbeg Palace.

Death of John Wayne

Death of John Wayne, age 72

Death of Josef Mengele

Taleghani dies in Tehran, removing a prominent revolutionary cleric with broad popular appeal

The Kabul Times announces Tarakis death. Officially diesunder arrest for trying to assassinate Prime Minister Hafizullah Amin. Death of Nur Taraki, assassinated

Death of Park Chung Hee

Death of Sid Vicious, of a heroin overdose after a party held to celebrate his release on bail

Dies in New York after the collapse of the Sex Pistols and the death of Nancy Spungen.

Bhutto dies by hanging at Rawalpindi Central Jail.