FIG
A Fraud Investigation Group is established to strengthen the investigation of serious financial and commercial fraud.
Historical events in 1985
583 historical records
January 198549 historical events
Delors Commission Takes Office
The first Delors Commission took office with completion of the internal market among its central objectives.
Nuclear Power
Agrees with the USA to resume negotiations to reduce nuclear weapons
Government
Agrees to negotiate for nuclear disarmament with Moscow
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff
Nuclear Power
Agrees to negotiate for nuclear disarmament with Moscow
Strike
Union votes to expel Nottinghamshire
Invention of Electric Car
Demonstrates the C5 battey-driven electric car
NUM Nottinghamshire Dispute
The union voted to expel its Nottinghamshire area amid the bitter division over continued working.
Nottinghamshire NUM Expulsion Vote
The national union voted to expel the Nottinghamshire area after a prolonged dispute over continued working.
Hun Sen Premiership Begins
Heng Samrin remains head of state as Hun Sen becomes Prime Minister
Appointed Prime Minister
Hun Sen is appointed Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Kampuchea
Election
Elected Prime Minister of Brazil, 1st civilian in 21 yrs
Young Premier Takes Office
Hun Sen begins his premiership under the PRK government
European Super Cup Victory
Zbigniew Boniek scores twice as Juventus beats Liverpool 2-0 in the one-match European Super Cup, securing another international club honor.
Death of Wilfrid Brambell
Death of Wilfrid Brambell
Government
Reagan says the US will not take part in World Court ruling on Nicaraguan charges
Government
Inaugurated President of the USA, 2nd term
Coal Negotiation Resumption
Contacts between the National Coal Board and the union continued while strike participation declined.
NCB Confidential Discussions
National Coal Board and union contacts attempted to find an end to the prolonged dispute.
MacGregor Settlement Contacts
Discussions continued between the Coal Board and union while participation in the strike diminished.
Action Directe
A director of French arms sales who is assassinted by Action Directe
Assassination of Rene Audran
A director of French arms sales who is assassinted by Action Directe
Death of Rene Audran
A director of French arms sales who is assassinted by Action Directe
Government
The US records a record trade defecit of $123 billion in 1984
Frigate Orders
Addresses Commons questions concerning orders for Royal Navy frigates.
We Are the World
Records with USA for Africa on We Are the World, the famine relief charity single.
Chemical Weapons
Addresses Commons questions concerning chemical weapons and arms-control policy.
Trident Deterrent
Defends the Trident programme during Commons questioning.
Award
Oxford University votes against the traditional honorary doctorate on a PM, the first Oxford-educated Prime Minister since the war to be denied the honour. Academics have led a campaign against honouring Mrs Thatcher in protest against the Governments cuts in funding for education
Nuclear Power
Sends a letter to the US saying Star Wars will escalate the arms race
Mandela Conditional Release Offer
Offers Nelson Mandela release if he renounces political violence.
Prison Release Proposal
Mandela rejects the condition in a statement read publicly.
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Council of Succession
Internal Market Programme
Delors made completion of the internal market a defining priority of his new Commission.
Governor Appointed
Arthur Christopher Watson becomes Governor of Montserrat
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
CIA-related assassination records become part of later investigations.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
CIA-related assassination records become part of later investigations.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
CIA-related assassination records become part of later investigations.
Trial
As a result of obtaining depositions from David Atlee Phillips, Richard Helms, G.
Trial
Gordon Liddy, Stansfield Turner, and Marita Lorenz, plus a skillful cross-examination by Mark Lane of E.
Trial
Howard Hunt, the jury decides that Marchetti had not been guilty of libel when he suggested that John F.
Trial
It emerged that Marchetti had also consulted James Angleton and Alan J.
Trial
Kennedy had been assassinated by people working for the CIA.
Trial
Mark Lane discovered Marchettis sources.
Trial
The main source was William Corson.
Trial
Weberman before publishing his article.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
CIA-related assassination records become part of later investigations.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
CIA-related assassination records become part of later investigations.
February 198532 historical events
Foreign Policy Pressure
Responds to growing United States criticism of the military governmentโs human rights record.
International Human Rights Pressure
Faces increasing international financial and diplomatic pressure over human rights violations.
Free movement between Spain & Gibraltar returns
Free movement between Spain & Gibraltar returns
Government
The US halts its loan to Chile due to human rights abuse
Politics
The US halts its loan to Chile due to human rights abuse
RAF Molesworth
Makes and defends Government policy concerning RAF Molesworth.
Health of Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko
Russia announces that Chernenko is ill
Assassination of Jerzy Popieluszko
4 Polish officers are given jail sentences
Arrest of Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela rejects Bothas offer of conditional release
Arrest of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela
Nelson Mandela rejects Bothas offer of conditional release
Botha Release Offer Refused
Insists that political rights must precede meaningful personal freedom.
Rejects Conditional Release
Rejects an offer of freedom conditional on renouncing violence.
Ponting Acquittal
Is acquitted after the Belgrano documents case.
Ponting Trial
Faces trial over leaked Belgrano documents.
Invasion of Afghanistan
The last Russian troops leave Afghanistan
Resignation of Clive Ponting
Ministry of Defence assistant secretary Clive Ponting resigns from his post over the Belgrano affair
Charon
The first successful observation of a predicted Pluto-Charon mutual event occurs within about forty minutes of Harrington's forecast.
General Belgrano
Takes part in a major Commons debate concerning the sinking of the General Belgrano during the Falklands War.
Congress of USA
Addresses the joint session of the US Congress
Strike
Miners reject peace plan by trades unionleaders and Government
Resignation of Maria Estela Martinez Cartas de Peron
Resigns as Party Leader of the Peronist Party
Government
Reagan says his goal is to topple the Sandanista Government
Charon
An IAU circular reports confirming mutual-event observations, after which Pluto's large satellite is officially named Charon.
General Election - Non-Party General Election
Pakistan holds general elections without formal party participation.
Non-Party General Election Election Outcome
General election outcome recorded for Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq: Pakistan holds general elections without formal party participation.
Non-Party General Election Government
Government context for this general election: Pakistan holds general elections without formal party participation.
Non-Party General Election
Pakistan holds general elections without formal party participation.
Death of Henry Cabot Lodge
Death of Henry Cabot Lodge
Strike
More than 50 perent of miners back at work
NCB Labour Numbers
By late February more miners were returning to work while the NUM considered its options.
Death of David Byron
Death of David Byron
Arundells Home
Acquires Arundells in Salisbury which later becomes closely associated with his retirement years.
March 198532 historical events
Constitution of Uruguay
Restores constitutional government after the civic-military dictatorship
Economy of Uruguay
Makes reduction of the foreign debt one of the main economic objectives of his first government
Inauguration
Sworn in as President of Uruguay with a five-year term
President of Uruguay
Appointed President of Uruguay, first term
Constitution Restoration Order
The government begins restoring the 1973 Constitution with substantial amendments.
Strike
Delegates at an NUM conference decide 98 to 91 to end the strike
Strike
The year long miners strike is called off
NCB Strike Conclusion
The National Union of Mineworkers voted to call off the dispute without an agreement on closures.
NUM End Strike Vote
Delegates decided by ninety eight votes to ninety one to end the yearlong stoppage.
MacGregor Oversees Strike End
The NUM called off industrial action without obtaining an agreed programme of colliery closures.
Nottinghamshire Strike Ending
The national strike ended while Nottinghamshire remained divided over the years events.
Strike
The year long miners strike is called off
Miners Return To Work
Miners began an organised return to the pits after NUM delegates voted to end the stoppage.
NCB Resumes Operations
After the strike ended the Board restored operations at affected coal mines amid continued industrial tensions.
NUM Pickets Return
Miners returned to their pits after the union conference ended the dispute without a closure settlement.
Death of Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko
Death of Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko, dies of emphysema age 73
General
The Politburo vote to appoint Gorbachev as Chernenkos successor. Appointed President of Russia. Appointed General Secretary of the Communist Party
Politburo
1st at the politburo meeting to propose Gorbachev as a replacement for Chernenko
President of Russia
Appointed President of the Supreme Soviet
President of Russia
Supports the proposal for Gorbachev as a replacement for Chernenko
Burial
Attends Chernenkos funeral in Moscow
General
The Communist Party plenum ratify Gorbachevs succession
Burial
Burial of Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko, 3rd Russian leader buried in 2 1/2 yrs
Burial
Leads the funeral procession
President of Brazil
Appointed President of Brazil after Tancredo Neves was unable to take office
Siege of Basra
Iran attempts to ford the Tigris, Iraq fights off the offensive
Siege of Basra
Iraq fights off the offensive during the heaviest Battle yetw. Iran attempts to ford the Tigris
Prime Minister of Pakistan
Muhammad Khan Junejo becomes Prime Minister after non-party elections.
Walker Plays Wembley League Cup Final
Walker plays in the Sunderland side beaten 1โ0 by Norwich City in the League Cup final, the club's first appearance in that competition's final.
Birth of Keira Christina Knightley
Birth of Keira Christina Knightley
Privatization
Agrees to the total privatization of British Gas
Brussels European Council
Represents Greece as leaders prepare for treaty reform and completion of the internal market.
April 198528 historical events
Heathrow
Opens Terminal 4 at Heathrow airport
Deportation
The US charges Israel with violating the Geneva Convention for deporting Shiites
Government
The US charges Israel with violating the Geneva Convention for deporting Shiites
Begins an 11 day tour of the Far East
Begins an 11 day tour of the Far East
Assassination of Shahnawaz Bhutto
Benazir Bhuttos brother Shahnawaz is killed under suspicious circumstances in France
Armament
Russia announces a unilateral freeze of medium-range nuclear missiles
Nuclear Power
Russia announces a unilateral freeze of medium-range nuclear missiles
Nuclear Power
Announces the suspension of the deployment of SS-20 missiles in Europe
Economy of Japan
Nakasone advises the Japanese to buy foreign products
Nakasone advises the Japanese to buy foreign products
Nakasone advises the Japanese to buy foreign products
Chief Minister of Punjab
Nawaz Sharif becomes Chief Minister of Punjab after non-party elections.
Death of Enver Hoxha
Death of Enver Hoxha
Death of Enver Hoxha
Death of Enver Hoxha
Death of Enver Hoxha
Death of Enver Hoxha ends four decades of party leadership
Government
The US announces that Reagan will visit a Nazi cemetery
First Secretary
Appointed party leader after the death of Enver Hoxha
Debut
Makes his first team debut at home to Queens Park Rangers, coming on as a substitute
Pravda
Pravda calls Regans visit to Bitburg Nazi cemetry an "act of blasphemy"
Visit to Bitburg
Pravda calls Regans visit to Bitburg Nazi cemetry an "act of blasphemy"
Reform of Racial Laws
South Africa pledges to abolish bans on mixed-race sex
Politburo
Appointed Member of Politburo
Politburo
Appointed Member of Politburo
Politburo
Appointed Member of Politburo
European Semi Final Comeback
Andy Gray scores during Evertonโs 3โ1 victory over Bayern Munich in the European Cup Winnersโ Cup semi-final second leg, helping the club reach the final.
Government
Reagan stands by his plans to lay a wreath on the graves of Nazi SS soldiers
European Fighter Aircraft
Addresses Commons questions on the European Fighter Aircraft programme.
Strategic Defence Initiative
Addresses Commons questions on British policy toward the United States Strategic Defence Initiative.
Transfer to Central Committee Apparatus
Moves from Sverdlovsk to Moscow to head the Communist Party Central Committee construction department.
May 198524 historical events
G7
The G7 summit opens in Bonn
Visit to Bitburg
Reagan visits the Bitburg Nazi cemetery with Chancellor Helmut Khol
Government
Reagan visits the Bitburg Nazi cemetery with Chancellor Helmut Khol
UEFA Cup Final Third Goal
Scores Real Madrid's third goal in the 3-0 first-leg UEFA Cup final victory over Videoton.
UEFA Cup Final First-Leg Goal
Scores as Real Madrid beat Videoton 3-0 away in the first leg of the UEFA Cup final.
Government
Reagan speaks to the European Parliament on 40th anniversary of V-E Day
Award
Lionel Richie receives an honorary Doctor of Music degree from Tuskegee Institute in Alabama
Marriage
The Boss, Bruce Springsteen, marries actress/model Julianne Phillips in ceremonies in Lake Oswego, OR
Cup Winners Cup Final Goal
Andy Gray scores for Everton as they defeat Rapid Vienna 3โ1 in Rotterdam to win the European Cup Winnersโ Cup.
European Final Decisive Strike
Trevor Steven scores Evertonโs third goal against Rapid Vienna to confirm the clubโs European Cup Winnersโ Cup victory.
Arrest of 1,500 Palestinians
Israel frees 1,500 Palestinians for 3 Israeli soldiers
Birth of Mark Cavendish
Birth of Mark Cavendish
Bombing of Beirut
A car bomb kills 50 & wounds 172
First UEFA Cup Title
Guides Real Madrid to their first UEFA Cup title after a 3-1 aggregate victory over Videoton.
Bounty
Mengele becomes the worlds most sought-after fugitive with a bounty of $4 million
Exile of Josef Mengele
West Germany, Israel & the USA announce a combined effort to track down Josef Mengele. Mengele becomes the worlds most sought-after fugitive with a bounty of $4 million
Everything She Wants
Wham!, featuring George Michael, became the 1st group since the Bee Gees in 1979 to have three consecutive no 1 singles. "Everything She Wants" starts a 2-week run at no 1
Joint Declaration Ratification
Serves as Foreign Secretary when Parliament completes ratification of the Sino-British Joint Declaration governing Hong Kong's 1997 transfer.
European Cup Final Appearance
Zbigniew Boniek appears for Juventus in the European Cup final against Liverpool, a match overshadowed by the deadly Heysel Stadium disaster.
Foreign Policy Statement at Brussels
English officials announce no teams under their control will play football in Europe
Live Aid
Dave Gilmour appears at Live Aid as part of Bryan Ferrys band
Liverpool Manager
Becomes Liverpool player-manager after Joe Fagan retires.
Siege of Kabul
Rebel groups are active in and around Kabul, unleashing rocket attacks and conducting operations against the communist Government
Government
Visits a German military ceremony, 47 Waffen SS are buried there
June 198565 historical events
Election
Re-elected Prime Minister of Greece.
Government
House votes for sanctiona against South Africa
Exhumation
Body of Nazi criminal, Dr. Josef Mengele located and exhumed
Exile of Josef Mengele
Mengeles body is exhumed from a grave in Sao Paolo
Recovery of Salyut 7
The achievement marks recovery of salyut 7 as an important Russian scientific milestone.
Salyut 7 Docking
Manually docks with the unresponsive Salyut 7 space station.
French Open
Chris Evert-Lloyd wins the French Open
Invasion of Lebanon
Israel begins to withdraw from the Lebanon after a 6 yr occupation
Vega 1 Venus Balloon
Vega 1 releases a balloon that drifts through Venus's cloud layer while measuring winds and atmospheric conditions.
Treaty of Accession
Martens represents Belgium as the Community agrees the terms for Spanish and Portuguese membership.
Treaty of Accession
Schluter backs Denmark's approval of the southern enlargement treaty signed in Madrid and Lisbon.
Iberian Accession Treaties
Delors welcomed the accession treaties for Spain and Portugal as a major expansion of democratic Europe.
Treaty of Accession
Mitterrand represents France as the Communities conclude accession terms with Spain and Portugal.
Treaty of Accession
Kohl represents West Germany in the member-state settlement admitting Spain and Portugal.
Treaty of Accession
Thatcher represents Britain as member governments conclude the 1985 accession treaty with Spain and Portugal.
Treaty of Accession
Papandreou supports Greece's participation in the enlargement agreement with the two Iberian applicants.
Treaty of Accession
FitzGerald backs Ireland's consent to the treaty expanding the Communities to Spain and Portugal.
Treaty of Accession
Craxi represents Italy during the treaty ceremonies completing negotiations with the Iberian applicants.
Treaty of Accession
Santer supports Luxembourg's approval of Spanish and Portuguese accession to the Communities.
Treaty of Accession
Lubbers represents the Netherlands as the enlargement treaty is concluded with Spain and Portugal.
Treaty of Accession
Signs Portugal's accession treaty as Deputy Prime Minister during the Lisbon ceremony.
Treaty of Accession
Signs Portugal's Treaty of Accession as Foreign Minister alongside Mario Soares and Rui Machete.
Treaty of Accession
Signs Portugal's Treaty of Accession to the European Communities in Lisbon.
Treaty of Accession
Signs Spain's accession treaty as Foreign Minister alongside Prime Minister Felipe Gonzalez.
Treaty of Accession
Signs Spain's Treaty of Accession to the European Communities at the Royal Palace in Madrid.
Treaty of Schengen
Tindemans backs Belgium's participation in the founding five-state agreement for gradually reducing checks at common borders. Belgian policy links freer movement with close Benelux cooperation.
Border
The Schengen Treaty is signed by Belgium, Holland, Germany & France, abolishes border checks
Treaty of Schengen
Leads Belgium when the five founding governments sign the Schengen Agreement, committing themselves to the gradual removal of internal border checks.
Treaty of Schengen
Dumas backs France's participation in the founding five-state agreement for gradually reducing checks at common borders. French policy couples freer movement with stronger police coordination.
White Paper on Internal Market
The Commission presented its White Paper setting out measures needed to complete the internal market by 1992.
Schengen Political Support
Mitterrand supported France's participation in the Schengen Agreement to reduce controls at participating states' internal borders.
Treaty of Schengen
Leads France when Belgium, France, West Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands sign the Schengen Agreement on gradual abolition of internal border checks.
Schengen Agreement
Signs the Schengen Agreement for West Germany, committing the participating governments to gradually abolish internal border controls.
Treaty of Schengen
Leads West Germany when the five founding states sign the Schengen Agreement on the gradual removal of controls at their common borders.
Treaty of Schengen
Genscher backs Germany's participation in the founding five-state agreement for gradually reducing checks at common borders. German policy links open internal borders with stronger external controls.
Treaty of Schengen
van den Broek backs Netherlands's participation in the founding five-state agreement for gradually reducing checks at common borders. Dutch policy stresses coordinated justice, policing and migration procedures.
Treaty of Schengen
Leads the Netherlands when the five founding states sign the Schengen Agreement on progressively removing controls at their shared borders.
Treaty of Schengen
In Belgium, Nothomb starts adapting border and policing arrangements to the commitments created at Schengen. Brussels also stresses coordinated policing and external-border safeguards.
Treaty of Schengen
In France, Joxe starts adapting border and policing arrangements to the commitments created at Schengen. Paris also emphasises effective controls at the Schengen area's external frontier.
Treaty of Schengen
In Germany, Zimmermann starts adapting border and policing arrangements to the commitments created at Schengen. Bonn also backs intensive police cooperation between participating states.
Treaty of Schengen
In Netherlands, Korthals Altes starts adapting border and policing arrangements to the commitments created at Schengen. The Hague also supports common visa rules and effective external controls.
Vega 2 Venus Balloon
Vega 2 deploys a second balloon into Venus's atmosphere, providing additional measurements of cloud-level circulation.
Government
The United Airlines strike ends after 29 days
United Airlines
The United Airlines strike ends after 29 days
Treaty of Schengen
Gol helps review legal consequences of the agreement's programme for progressively freer cross-border movement. Belgium supports wider participation while preserving practical security cooperation.
Treaty of Schengen
Lalumiere helps review legal consequences of the agreement's programme for progressively freer cross-border movement. France supports mobility alongside common visa and security arrangements.
Treaty of Schengen
Engelhard helps review legal consequences of the agreement's programme for progressively freer cross-border movement. Germany supports freer travel alongside common security and visa rules.
Treaty of Schengen
van Eekelen helps review legal consequences of the agreement's programme for progressively freer cross-border movement. The Netherlands links free movement with practical law-enforcement cooperation.
Government
Reagan cals for unconditional release of hostages on TWA jet
Exile of Josef Mengele
Investigators believe they have discoverred Mengeles body
Death of Tage Fritiof Erlander
Death of Tage Fritiof Erlander
Air India Bombing
Responds after the Air India Flight 182 bombing kills 329 people.
Milan European Council
Mitterrand supported launching treaty negotiations intended to deepen Community integration and complete the internal market.
Milan European Council
Represents Germany as the Milan European Council considers institutional reform and completion of the internal market.
Milan European Council
Represents Greece as leaders consider institutional reform and the internal-market programme.
Milan European Council
Represents Ireland as leaders consider the internal market and institutional reform.
Milan European Council
Hosts the European Council that sets the objective of completing the internal market by the end of 1992.
Intergovernmental Conference Decision
Supports the Milan decision to convene an intergovernmental conference on treaty reform and the internal market.
Intergovernmental Conference Decision
Participates as leaders decide to convene an intergovernmental conference on treaty reform.
Intergovernmental Conference Decision
Supports convening an intergovernmental conference on treaty reform.
Intergovernmental Conference Decision
Supports the Milan decision to convene an intergovernmental conference on treaty reform.
President of Italy
Appointed President of Italy
Committee on Northern Ireland
Appointed Chairman of the Parliamentary Conservative backbench committee on Northern Ireland
Resignation of Ian Reginald Edward Gow
Despite his disagreement with government policy, he used his resignation speech to underline his personal devotion to Thatcher, describing her as "the finest chief, the most resolute leader, the kindest friend that any member of this House could hope to serve."
Resignation of Ian Reginald Edward Gow
Resign as Minister of State in HM Treasury over the signing of the Anglo-Irish Agreement
July 198532 historical events
Arrest of Shiite prisoners
Israel decides to release 300 of its 735 Shiite prisoners
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
Foreign Secretary of Georgia
Appointed Foreign Minister
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
Foreign Secretary of Russia
Appointed Foreign Minister
President of Russia
Appointed President of Russia
Live Aid
Performs at Live Aid at Wembley Stadium, appearing during one of the decade's most watched charity concerts.
Live Aid
Members of The Who reunite for Live Aid at Wembley Stadium.
Live Aid
Members of The Who reunite for Live Aid at Wembley Stadium.
Live Aid
Members of The Who reunite for Live Aid at Wembley Stadium.
Live Aid
Members of The Who reunite for Live Aid at Wembley Stadium.
Live Aid
Concert at Wembley raises ล40m for famine relief in Africa
Live Aid
Appears near the climax of Live Aid at JFK Stadium.
Ta Mok Ascends
Ta Mok gains greater control over remaining Khmer Rouge forces
Death of Heinrich Theodor Boll
Death of Heinrich Boll
World Record
Runs 1500 meters in 3 mins 29.67 secs
Military Aid
The US Congress votes to stop Reagan from supplying arms to the Contras
State of Emergency
A state of emergency is declared
Emergency Powers Declared
Expands detention and censorship powers amid nationwide political unrest.
Partial State of Emergency
Declares a state of emergency in selected districts.
Punjab Accord
Rajiv Gandhi and Harchand Singh Longowal sign an accord intended to address major political grievances in Punjab.
Ambassador Recall
France recalls its Ambassador from South Africa & suspends investment
Health of Rock Hudson
Rock Hudson is hospitalized with AIDS
Foreign Secretary of Greece
Papoulias is appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs.
World Record
Runs the mile in 3 mins 46.31 secs
President of Uganda
Appointed President of Uganda
Coup
Succesfully leads a coup in Uganda
Economy of Peru
Says Peru will limit debt payment to 10% of export earnings
Burial
Mass funerals for black victims are banned during a period of unrest
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet, Head of State
Central Committee Construction Secretary
Becomes a Central Committee secretary responsible for construction policy.
Parliamentary Election Victory
ZANU-PF wins a large majority in the first post-independence parliamentary election.
August 19857 historical events
Soviet Nuclear Testing Moratorium
Announces a unilateral Soviet moratorium on nuclear testing.
Assam Accord
Rajiv Gandhi's government signs the Assam Accord with leaders of the Assam agitation.
Speech
Failure to pledge reforms to the apartheid system leads to disvetment from South Africa
Second Neptune Ring Arc Detection
Sicardy helps obtain further occultation evidence confirming that Neptune possesses persistent ring arcs.
President of Nigeria
Appointed military President of Nigeria after the overthrow of Muhammadu Buhari
New Economic Policy
Paz Estenssoro issues Supreme Decree 21060 to attack hyperinflation and restructure the economy
Supreme Decree 21060
Paz Estenssoro promulgates Supreme Decree 21060 to halt hyperinflation and liberalise the economy.
September 198513 historical events
Deputy Chairman
Appointed Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party
Home Secretary of Great Britain
Appointed Home Secretary
Cabinet
Rees, Jenkin & Gowrie leave the Government. Clarke, MacGregor & Baker join the Cabinet
Conference of SDP
Opening day of the SDP Conference in Torquay
Broadcast
1st member of the Royal Family to appear on a live radio phone in on BBC Radio 4
Purge
Britain orders 25 Russian spies to leave the country
Flies out to Cairo to begin a tour of the Middle East
Flies out to Cairo to begin a tour of the Middle East
Men
Directs Manner, an international breakthrough for West German comedy.
PMRC Senate Testimony
Testifies before a United States Senate committee against proposed record-labelling and rating measures promoted by the PMRC.
Farm Aid
Co-founds Farm Aid with Willie Nelson and John Mellencamp to support family farmers.
Sanctions
Howe tells the United Nations General Assembly that Britain supports agreed European Community measures intended to increase pressure on South Africa over apartheid.
Prime Minister of Russia
Appointed Prime Minister of Russia, Chairman of the Council of Minister
Death of Simone Signoret
Death of Simone Signoret
October 198517 historical events
Israeli Airstrike on Tunis Headquarters
Arafat survives an Israeli airstrike against the PLO headquarters near Tunis that kills numerous Palestinians and Tunisians.
Death of Rock Hudson
Death of Rock Hudson
Jerusalem Policy
I participates in jerusalem policy connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Nuclear Power
Conservative delegates vote to support the Trident Programme at their Conference
Trident Programme
Conservative delegates vote to support the Trident programme at their party conference
Death of Yul Brynner
Death of Yul Brynner
Death of George Orson Welles
Death of George Orson Welles
Conference of Conservatives
Ends the conference with a speech offering the Police more men & equipment
Manager
Appointed manager of Leeds United
Manager
Appointed manager of Leeds United
Commonwealth
Opposes sanctions on South Africa at the Nassau Commonwealth Conference. 16-23 October, attends the Commonwealth Prime Minister's conference
Conference of Commonwealth
Opposes sanctions on South Africa at the Nassau Commonwealth Conference. 16-23 October, attends the Commonwealth Prime Minister's conference
Nassau Commonwealth Conference
Opposes sanctions on South Africa at the Nassau Commonwealth Conference
Birth of Wayne Rooney
Birth of Wayne Rooney
Commonwealth Eminent Persons Initiative
Supports the Commonwealth initiative establishing an Eminent Persons Group to encourage negotiations aimed at ending apartheid in South Africa.
ISIS Neutron Source Formal Opening
Formally opens the ISIS pulsed neutron source after it produced its first neutrons in December 1984.
BSPP Mandate
San Yu continues as President after the 1985 one-party election
November 198526 historical events
Prostate Surgery
Is admitted to hospital for prostate surgery.
Volks Hospital Admission
Returns to Pollsmoor later in November after treatment.
Uranus Observation Campaign Begins
Voyager 2 begins long-range scientific observations of Uranus before the January 1986 flyby.
First Successful Polish Heart Transplant
Leads Poland's first successful heart transplant operation.
Heart Transplantation Programme
Establishes a major national programme for advanced cardiac transplantation.
President of Poland
Appointed President of Poland
Eighth Amendment
The Eighth Amendment validates martial-law measures and expands presidential dissolution powers.
Resignation of Ian Reginald Edward Gow
Resigns from the Government after the signing of the Anglo-Irish Agreement
Anglo-Irish Agreement
Sets up an Inter-Government Conference of to give the Republic a say in North Ireland
Anglo-Irish Agreement
Signs an agreement in Belfast with Dr FitzGerald
Anglo-Irish Agreement
Signs power sharing agreement at Hillsborough with the Irish Government
Anglo-Irish Agreement
Catholics, Protestants & the Republic have a say in Ulster
Anglo-Irish Agreement
Tries to make the constitution more attractive to the Northern Irish Protestants. Signs an agreement in Belfast with Thatcher. Helps setup an Inter-Government Conference of ministers for a say in Northern Ireland
Constitution of Ireland
Tries to make the constitution more attractive to the Northern Irish Protestants
Anglo-Irish Agreement
Signs the Anglo-Irish Agreement, giving the Irish Government a formal consultative role regarding Northern Ireland.
Anglo-Irish Agreement
Ulster Unionist leaders announce that all 15 Unionist MPs at Westminster will resign
Death of Lon Nol
Death of Lon Nol in exile in California
Conference of Geneva
1st meets President Reagan, later describes him as a "political dinosaur"
Second Premiership Ends
Somare loses office after a successful no-confidence motion
Prime Minister Takes Office
Paias Wingti becomes Prime Minister after a parliamentary vote
Conference of Geneva
Russia & the US agree "nuclear war cannot be won". Russia & the US agree not to "achieve military superiority". Meets President Reagan to speed up arms control & renew cultural relations
Nuclear Power
Meets Reagan to discuss arms control
Nuclear Power
Russia & the USA agree "nuclear war cannot be won". Russia & the USA agree not to "achieve military superiority". Meets Reagan to discuss arms control
Nuclear Power
Russia & the USA agree "nuclear war cannot be won"
Anglo-Irish Agreement
The Agreement is approved in Parliament by 473 votes to 47
President Appointed
Succeeds Siaka Stevens as President of Sierra Leone
December 19858 historical events
Death of Philip Larkin
Death of Philip Larkin
Luxembourg European Council
Represents Greece as negotiations on the Single European Act approach completion.
Rome Airport Attack Response
Gaddafi publicly defends the organisations blamed for the deadly Rome airport attack.
Vienna Airport Attack Response
Gaddafi praises militants after coordinated violence at Vienna airport.
Martial Law Termination
Zia lifts martial law while retaining extensive presidential powers.
Nobel Prize for Quantum Hall Effect
Receives the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovery of the quantized Hall effect.
Departure
Waters declares that he has left Pink Floyd and later contests use of the band name
Takes Charge of Moscow Party Committee
Takes control of the Moscow City Communist Party Committee and begins a highly visible campaign against bureaucratic privilege.
Acting President
Appointed Acting President of Panama
Death of John Jock Stein
Death of John "Jock" Stein, suffers a heart attack at the end of the 1-1 draw with Wales at Ninian Park
First Secretary
Appointed Party Leader of the Communist Party
Peoples Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA)
Elected a member of the MPLA-Workers party congress, given the rank of colonel in the Angolan military and later becoming a member of the Peoples Assembly, beginning a succession of appointments to Government ministerial posts
Rocha Panathinaikos European Semi Final
Juan Ramon Rocha contributes in midfield as Panathinaikos reach the 1984-85 European Cup semi-finals. The Argentine-born player becomes a lasting favourite at the club through his vision and passing.
Australian Of The Year
Hogan is awarded Australian of the Year and was also appointed a Member of Order of Australia (AM)
Order of Australia
Hogan is awarded Australian of the Year and was also appointed a Member of Order of Australia (AM)
Prime Minister of Belgium
Appointed Prime Minister of Belgium, 3rd term
President of Bolivia
Paz Estenssoro begins his fourth presidential term and confronts hyperinflation.
ANC
Buildings in Gaborone are raided and 12 people are killed by South African forces seeking alleged ANC members, the action is condemned by United Nations Security Council
Siege of Gaborone
Buildings in Gaborone are raided and 12 people are killed by South African forces seeking alleged ANC members, the action is condemned by United Nations Security Council
Sรณcrates Completes Fiorentina Serie A Spell
Sรณcrates returns to Brazil after a season with Fiorentina, where his inventive passing brought an unusual playmaking style to Serie A.
Live Aid
Adams co-writes the Canadian benefit record for Ethiopia called, " Tears Are Not Enough" & takes part in the US side of the Live Aid concert
House of the Spirits English Edition
The English translation of The House of the Spirits introduced Allende's debut novel to a broader readership.
Ambassador
Appointed Ambassador of the United Nations
Ambassador
Appointed Ambassador of the United Nations
Battle of Dos Rios
Killed in battle fighting for Cuban independence from Spain
Death of Jose Marti
Death of Jose Marti, killed in battle fighting for Cuban independence from Spain
Perestroika
The Czechoslovak Communist leadership verbally support Perestroika, but did little to institute real changes, and speaking of the Prague Spring of 1968 is still a taboo
Washington Meeting with Reagan
Meets President Ronald Reagan as Zaire remains a prominent Western partner in Central Africa.
Coup
Tried & found guilty of trying to overthrow the Government in 1980
Trial
Tried & found guilty of trying to overthrow the Government in 1980
Economy of Dominican Republic
Forced by the International Monetary Fund to adopt austerity measures to save the economy
International Monetary Fund
Forced by the International Monetary Fund to adopt austerity measures to save the economy
Vagabond
Directs Vagabond, a nonlinear portrait of a young drifter.
Delors Commission
Jacques Delors began his presidency of the European Commission, launching a decade of major initiatives for deeper European integration.
Delors Commission
The Delors Commission oversaw a large degree of expansion. The membership of Spain and Portugal came first in 1985; then the fall of the Berlin Wall enabled the Reunification of Germany; and in 1995 came the accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden. The Delors Commission also prepared the opening to the eastern countries who later joined in 2004
Resignation of Michel Rocard
Resigns over the introduction of PR
Martigues Loan Development
Auxerre loaned Cantona to Martigues, giving the young attacker regular competitive minutes away from Burgundy.
Houllier Takes PSG Managerial Charge
Gรฉrard Houllier became Paris Saint-Germain manager and strengthened the team's organisation before its breakthrough first national league championship.
Platini Completes Hat-Trick of Ballon dโOr Wins
Michel Platini wins the Ballon dโOr for a third successive year after Juventus claim the European Cup, establishing an unprecedented run of three consecutive awards.
Death of a Salesman
Directs the television film Death of a Salesman.
Operational Low-Energy Electron Microscope
Realizes a working low-energy electron microscope for real-time imaging of surface structure and processes.
Lattek Restores League Supremacy
Udo Lattek guides Bayern to the 1984-85 Bundesliga title after returning for a second spell as the clubโs manager.
Assassination of Ernst Zimmerman
Assassinated by the Red Army Faction, an industrialist who made fighter jet engines
Death of Ernst Zimmerman
Death of Ernst Zimmerman, assassinated
Red Army Faction
Assassinated by the Red Army Faction, an industrialist who made fighter jet engines
Red Army
Assassinated by the Red Army Faction, an industrialist who made fighter jet engines
Academy Award
Best Original Score for Out of Africa
Grammy Award
Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Big Band for The Cotton Club
A Room with a View
Appears in A Room with a View
BAFTA
BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, A Room with a View
Golden Globe
Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress - Motion Picture, A Room with a View
Golden Bear for Wetherby
The film Wetherby, directed by David Hare, received the Golden Bear for best film at the 1985 Berlin International Film Festival.
No Surrender
Writes No Surrender
Home to Roost
First stars in Home to Roost
Drama
Writer of Edge of Darkness, influenced by the political climate of the time, the Thatcher administration, perceived by many on the left as reactionary, and the aura of secrecy surrounding the nuclear industry
Stanley and The Women
Publication of "Stanley & The Women"
Dancing in the Street
Records Dancing in the Street with Mick Jagger for the Live Aid charity organisation.
BAFTA
Wins a British Academy Television Award for his collaboration with Michael Kamen on the score for the critically-acclaimed 1985 BBC television thriller serial Edge of Darkness
Wham!
At the end of 1985, Wham! ends its relationship with Napier-Bell and Summers when George Michael leave Wham! for a solo career
The Dream of the Blue Turtles
Releases "The Dream of the Blue Turtles"
Live Aid
The surviving members of Led Zeppelin reunite for Live Aid with guest drummers.
Wham!
At the end of 1985, Wham! ends its relationship with Napier-Bell and Summers when George Michael leave Wham! for a solo career
Live Aid
Black Sabbath briefly reunites with Osbourne for a Live Aid concert
Rock In Rio
Ozzy performs at the Rock In Rio concert
The Ultimate Sin
Releases Album, "The Ultimate Sin"
Hounds of Love
Records the Album, "Hounds of Love"
Get It On
Power Station take a cover of Get It On into the UK Top 40.
Live Aid
The surviving members of Led Zeppelin reunite for Live Aid with guest drummers.
Crash
The Human League release the Album, "Crash"
Live Aid
The surviving members of Led Zeppelin reunite for Live Aid with guest drummers.
Under a Raging Moon
The title track to "Under a Raging Moon" is a tribute to Who drummer Keith Moon, who died in 1978
Wham!
At the end of 1985, Wham! ends its relationship with Napier-Bell and Summers when George Michael leave Wham! for a solo career
Wham!
Negotiates for Wham! to become the first ever Western pop artist to play in communist China, they eventually play a concert there in April 1985 at the Workers Stadium in Beijing
Arcadia
Le Bon forms the band Arcadia with fellow Duran Duran members Nick Rhodes and Roger Taylor
So Red The Rose
Arcadia record, "So Red The Rose"
E=MC
The bands debut album, "This is Big Audio Dynamite", is released with the song "E=MC" receiving heavy rotation in dance clubs
This is Big Audio Dynamite
The bands debut album, "This is Big Audio Dynamite", is released with the song "E=MC" receiving heavy rotation in dance clubs
Black Sabbath
Black Sabbath briefly reunites with Osbourne for a Live Aid concert
Big Audio Dynamite
The bands debut album This Is Big Audio Dynamite is released, with the song "E=MC" getting heavy rotation in dance clubs, and both singles "Medicine Show" and "E=MC2" charting in the UK Singles Chart
Power Station
Appointed Member of Power Station, replaces Robert Palmer
Get It On
Duran Duran splinter band Power Station, with Robert Palmer as vocalist, take a version of "Get It On" into the UK Top 40, the first cover of a Bolan song to enter the charts since his death
Dancing in the Street
Mick Jagger releases a solo album, "Shes the Boss". Mick Jagger & David Bowie record a cover of Martha & the Vandellas "Dancing in the Street" for the Live Aid organisation
Shes the Boss
Mick Jagger releases a solo album, "Shes the Boss". Mick Jagger & David Bowie record a cover of Martha & the Vandellas "Dancing in the Street" for the Live Aid organisation
Once Upon a Time
Simple Minds release "Once Upon a Time", UK no 1 Album
Once Upon a Time
Simple Minds release "Once Upon a Time", UK no 1 Album
Our Favourite Shop
Album, "Our Favourite Shop"
Grammy Award
Shares a Grammy win for the instrumental Cinema from the 90125 album.
Royal Society
Appointed President of the Royal Society
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Conservative Party
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Budget Policy
The 1985 Budget under Nigel Lawson sets out the Government's taxation, expenditure and borrowing plans.
Budget
The 1985 Budget raises personal income-tax allowances by more than the prevailing rate of inflation.
Budget
Nigel Lawson presents the 1985 Budget to the House of Commons as Chancellor of the Exchequer.
Economy of Great Britain
Lawson's 1985 Budget reduces National Insurance contributions for lower-paid workers while broadening the value-added tax base, continuing a shift away from direct taxation.
Income Tax
The 1985 Budget raises personal income-tax allowances by more than the prevailing rate of inflation.
Inflation
Lawson raises personal income-tax allowances above inflation as part of the Government's tax policy in 1985.
Leader of House of Commons
Appointed Leader of the House of Commons
Lord Privy Seal
Appointed Lord Privy Seal
Minister of State
Appointed Minister of State at the Treasury
Trident Programme
Defends Trident as the planned successor to Polaris in Britain's strategic nuclear deterrent.
Secretary of State for Trade & Industry
Appointed Secretary of State for Trade & Industry
Secretary
Appointed Secretary of the Environment
Constitution of Great Britain
Under the Falkland Islands constitution there is an Executive Council and a Legislative Council, The Executive Council advises the Governor & chaired by the Governor
Rule of Falkland Islands
Under the Falkland Islands constitution there is an Executive Council and a Legislative Council, The Executive Council advises the Governor & chaired by the Governor
Companies Act
Companies Act 1985 consolidates company law in Great Britain
Housing Act
Housing Act 1985 consolidates housing law and local authority housing powers
Local Government Act
Local Government Act 1985 abolishes the Greater London Council and metropolitan county councils
Transport Act
Transport Act 1985 deregulates local bus services and changes public transport arrangements
Bachelor of Laws Degree
Starmer graduates from the University of Leeds with a law degree.
Joins Labour Party
Burnham joins the Labour Party while still a teenager.
Kinnock Leadership
Healey serves under Neil Kinnock as Labour seeks to recover after the 1983 defeat.
Canning Connection Reconfigured During Renewal
Changes to the northern entrance included infill and revised roadway and slipway arrangements. The change expanded options for the use of Liverpool dock facilities.
Dredging Programme Reaches Completion
The multi year clearance restored the basin's physical condition during wider South Docks regeneration. Its significance lay in the relationship between docks and adjoining quays.
Footballer of the Year
FWA Footballer of the Year
FA Youth Cup
Captains Newcastles youth team in the 1984-85 season, winning the FA Youth Cup where he scores twice in the second leg of the final against Watford
Coppa Italia
Winner of the Coppa Italia with Sampdoria
Winterbottom Report
The Winterbottom Report, an FA enquiry into artificial playing surfaces is published
Everton 1985 First Division Title - Derek Mountfield
Derek Mountfield served in the defensive unit of the championship team as Everton secured the 1984โ85 Football League First Division title. The defender combined marking and positional discipline with support for passing from the back.
Everton 1985 First Division Title - Kevin Ratcliffe
The 1985 English league championship was earned by Everton with Kevin Ratcliffe among the defenders associated with the team. Kevin Ratcliffe served in the defensive unit of the championship team and participated in a side that finished above its top-flight rivals.
Ipswich Semi Final Deciding Header
Steve Bruce headed a late goal in Norwich City's League Cup semi-final against Ipswich Town, helping the Canaries reach the 1985 Wembley final.
Everton 1985 First Division Title - Andy Gray
Andy Gray represented Everton during the season ending in 1985, when the club won the Football League First Division. As a forward, Andy Gray provided runs into scoring positions and attacking pressure during the championship season.
First Division Top Scorer for Leicester
Lineker scores 24 league goals for Leicester City in 1984-85 and finishes as the joint leading scorer in England's First Division before joining Everton.
Everton 1985 First Division Title - Graeme Sharp
With Everton crowned English First Division champions in 1985, Graeme Sharp was part of the title-winning side as forward in the squad. The title followed a campaign in which the side built its success through sustained results and teamwork, with Graeme Sharp contributing to that collective effort.
Ipswich League Cup Semi Final Goal
John Deehan scored during Norwich City's League Cup semi-final with local rivals Ipswich Town, helping set up the club's eventual 1985 trophy win.
Villa Academy Winger Breakthrough
Mark Walters established himself as a quick and skilful first-team winger at Aston Villa before later playing for Rangers and Liverpool.
Quinn's Portsmouth Goal Scoring Emerges
Quinn establishes himself as a formidable scorer in Portsmouth's attack, building the reputation that later takes him to Newcastle United.
Brentford Wembley Trophy Final
Rowe featured in the Brentford squad that reached the 1985 Freight Rover Trophy final, giving the club an appearance at Wembley.
Clarke Birmingham Promotion Goals
Clarke helps provide the scoring threat in Birmingham City's promotion campaign under Saunders.
Milk Cup Final Clean Sheet
Chris Woods kept goal as Norwich City defeated Sunderland 1-0 at Wembley in the 1985 League Cup final, protecting a narrow advantage through the closing stages.
1985 Football Writers Award
Neville Southall receives the Football Writersโ Association Footballer of the Year award after outstanding performances in Evertonโs successful season.
Everton 1985 First Division Title - Neville Southall
Neville Southall represented Everton during the season ending in 1985, when the club won the Football League First Division. As a goalkeeper, Neville Southall provided handling, positioning and vital saves behind the defence over the league season.
Scottish Cup Winners
Aberdeen retain their league title in the 1984-85 season
Scotland Caretaker National Appointment
Ferguson assumes caretaker responsibility for Scotland following the death of national manager Jock Stein, taking charge during the campaign to qualify for the 1986 World Cup.
Freight Rover Trophy Wembley Final
McLintock managed Brentford to the associate members' cup final, where the club narrowly lost to Wigan Athletic at Wembley.
Everton 1985 First Division Title - Howard Kendall
With Everton crowned English First Division champions in 1985, Howard Kendall was part of the title-winning side as manager in the squad. The title followed a campaign in which the side built its success through sustained results and teamwork, with Howard Kendall contributing to that collective effort.
Paul Gascoigne First Team Opportunity
Charlton gives young midfielder Paul Gascoigne his senior Newcastle United debut, helping launch the player's professional career.
League Cup Trophy Against Sunderland
Ken Brown led Norwich City to a 1-0 League Cup final victory over Sunderland at Wembley in 1985, securing the club's second triumph in the competition.
Birmingham City Promoted to Top Flight
Saunders takes Birmingham City back into the First Division after a successful 1984โ85 Second Division campaign.
Milk Cup Midfield Experience
Asa Hartford supplied international experience to Norwich City's midfield during the 1984-85 campaign that culminated in a League Cup final victory over Sunderland.
Geddis Supports Birmingham Promotion
Geddis contributes midfield and attacking experience as Saunders guides Birmingham City back into the top tier.
Paul Allen Wins Hammer of the Year
Paul Allen takes West Hamโs annual supporters prize as his energy in midfield stands out during the 1984โ85 campaign.
Everton 1985 First Division Title - Paul Bracewell
Paul Bracewell represented Everton during the season ending in 1985, when the club won the Football League First Division. As a midfielder, Paul Bracewell linked defence and attack and contributed to the sideโs control of important fixtures.
1985 PFA Players Award
Peter Reid is voted PFA Playersโ Player of the Year after anchoring Evertonโs midfield during their league championship campaign.
Everton 1985 First Division Title - Peter Reid
With Everton crowned English First Division champions in 1985, Peter Reid was part of the title-winning side as midfielder in the squad. The title followed a campaign in which the side built its success through sustained results and teamwork, with Peter Reid contributing to that collective effort.
Saint and Greavsie Television Partnership
Greaves became a widely recognised football television personality alongside Ian St John, bringing humour and insight to match coverage.
Everton 1985 First Division Title - Trevor Steven
The 1985 English league championship was earned by Everton with Trevor Steven among the wingers associated with the team. Trevor Steven operated in wide positions during the successful campaign and participated in a side that finished above its top-flight rivals.
Naval Losses
The Ponting case follows leaked documents about the Belgrano sinking.
Trial
The Ponting case follows leaked documents about the Belgrano sinking.
Belgrano Affair
Pursues questions about the sinking of General Belgrano.
Skartados PAOK Second League Title
Giorgos Skartados is part of the PAOK side that wins the 1984-85 Greek championship. His versatility and effort across midfield contribute to a defining season for the Thessaloniki club.
President of Honduras
Appointed President of Honduras
Death of Ladisla Biro
Death of Ladisla Biro
Rajya Sabha
Pratibha Patil enters the Rajya Sabha and later serves as its Deputy Chairperson from 1986 to 1988.
Minister of Human Resources
P.V. Narasimha Rao becomes Minister of Human Resource Development.
Fifty-second Amendment
The Fifty-second Amendment introduces anti-defection provisions for members of Parliament and state legislatures.
Rotavirus 116E
M. K. Bhan identifies the naturally attenuated 116E rotavirus strain in newborn infants and recognizes its potential for vaccine development.
Film
Bosnans portrayal of Robert Gould Shaw II garnered him a 1985 Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor
Golden Globe
Bosnans portrayal of Robert Gould Shaw II garnered him a 1985 Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor
Everton 1985 First Division Title - Kevin Sheedy
Kevin Sheedy operated in wide positions during the successful campaign as Everton secured the 1984โ85 Football League First Division title. The winger advanced play along the flanks and supplied deliveries that helped the title-winning attack.
Art and Beauty in the Middle Ages
Eco's study of medieval aesthetics circulated in English as Art and Beauty in the Middle Ages.
Bianchi Takes Napoli Helm
Ottavio Bianchi took charge of Napoli and assembled the disciplined team that would later claim domestic and European honours.
Antognoni Returns After Serious Injury
Giancarlo Antognoni's determination to recover from major injury reflects his close connection to Fiorentina and its supporters.
European Cup Midfield Service
Provides defensive screening and disciplined midfield support as Juventus defeat Liverpool in the 1985 European Cup final, a match overshadowed by the Heysel disaster.
Ran
Kurosawas Ran
Economy of Japan
The Yen is revalued
FCS
Breaks away from Tanaka & helps found the Future Creative Society
FCS
Breaks away from Tanaka & helps found the Future Creative Society
FCS
Breaks away from Tanaka & helps found the Future Creative Society
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Council of Minister's
Prime Minister of Kampuchea
Appointed Prime Minister of Kampuchea
Reform Preparation
Prepares policy changes that lead to the New Economic Mechanism
Arrest of Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf
Arrested for speaking out against the military regime
European Budget Council Chairmanship
Juncker presided over Community budget deliberations during Luxembourgโs Council presidency, gaining experience in negotiations involving competing national spending priorities.
European Social Affairs Council Chairmanship
During Luxembourgโs presidency of the European Communities, Juncker chaired meetings of social affairs ministers and helped coordinate discussions on Community employment and welfare policy.
Brick Wall Model
Introduces the brick wall model for calculating black hole entropy from quantum fields near an event horizon.
Transfer to PSV
Joins PSV and becomes one of the leading players in Dutch football.
Ajax Striker Among Dutch League Leaders
Marco van Basten delivers an exceptional league scoring campaign for Ajax, finishing 1984โ85 as the Dutch top scorer with 22 goals.
Ajax Coaching Appointment
Begins his first major senior coaching role at Ajax, translating his ideas about space, pressing and technical movement into a team-management approach.
Discovery of North Pole
Accompanies Neil Armstrong in a small twin-engined ski plane over the Arctic Ocean and lands at the North Pole becoming the first man to stand at both poles and on the summit of Everest
Ambassador
Appointed New Zealand High Commissioner (Ambassador) to India, Nepal and Bangladesh, and spends four and a half years based in New Delhi
President of Nigeria
Appointed President of Nigeria
Coup
When General Ibrahim Babangida is named President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Abacha was named Chief of Army Staff. Instrumental in a bloodless military coups dEtat that removes General Muhammadu Buhari from power
Chief of Army Staff
When General Ibrahim Babangida is named President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Abacha was named Chief of Army Staff
National Assembly Powers
The Eighth Amendment permits the President to dissolve the National Assembly.
President of Peru
Appointed President of Peru
Death of Carlos Pena Romulo
Death of Carlos Pena Romulo
Election
Opposes Ferdinand Marco who she holds responsible for her husbands assassination
Minister of Youth & Sports
Appointed Minister of Youth & Sports
Constitution of Poland
Indpendent parties in elections are allowed
Election
Indpendent parties in elections are allowed
Political Parties
Indpendent parties in elections are allowed
Prime Minister of Poland
Appointed Prime Minister of Poland
Prime Minister of Portugal
Appointed Prime Minister of Portugal
Prime Minister of Portugal
Appointed Prime Minister of Portugal , 1st term
Congressional Gold Medal of Achievement
Awarded the Congressional Gold Medal of Achievement by President Ronald Reagan
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Commission on Legislative Proposals for the USSR Soviet
Moscow City Party First Secretary
Becomes First Secretary of the Moscow City Communist Party Committee in December.
First Secretary
Appointed First Secretary of Kirov
Economy of Russia
Reduces vodka production by 60% & increases its price by 200% by 6 months in office
Economy of Russia
Appointed Head of the Dept of the defence industry of the Party Central Committee
Minister of Gas
Appointed Minister of Gas
President of Russia
Appointed President of Russia, 3rd term, acting
Secretary
Appointed Secretary of the Central Committee
KGB (Committee for State Security)
Assigned to recruit spies in Dresden, East Germany
KGB (Committee for State Security)
From 1985 to 1990 the KGB stationed Putin in Dresden, East Germany
Reform of Racial Laws
The ban on Inter Racial Marriage is lifted
Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the Umkhonto we Sizwe
Tour de France
Winner of the Tour de France
International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group Created
Establishes the International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group to provide high-level advice on nuclear safety.
President of Switzerland
Appointed President of Switzerland, 3rd term
Hijack
Secures the release of 39 US hostages from an aircraft hijacked by the Hezbollah
President of Syria
Appointed President of Syria, 3rd term
Terrorism
Secures the release of 39 US hostages from an aircraft hijacked by the Hezbollah
President of Tanzania
Appointed President of Tanzania
Retirement
Retires as the President of Tanzania
Diplomatic relations are broken with Libya
Diplomatic relations are broken with Libya
Drama
Stars in "Golden Girls" (1985-1992)
A View to a Kill
Walken plays a James Bond villain, Max Zorin, in A View to a Kill
Academy Honorary Award
Presented an Academy Honorary Award, "for his fifty years of memorable performances, for his high ideals both on and off the screen, with respect and affection of his colleagues"
After Hours
Directs, New York, After Hours
The Yellow Jersey
Cimino wrote an adaptation of the French bicycle marathon novel The Yellow Jersey with Dustin Hoffman committed and slated to go into production at Lorimar in 1985 but is dropped
Academy Award
Winner of the Acadremy Award for Best Director, "Out of Africa"
Legend
Appears in the fantasy film Legend directed by Ridley Scott
BAFTA
Wins best best screenplay for "Broadway Danny Rose"
Fool for Love Film
Robert Altman directed Fool for Love in 1985, a film based on Sam Shepards play about strained relationships and desire.
The Purple Rose of Cairo Film
In 1985, Woody Allen made The Purple Rose of Cairo, a fantasy about a film character who steps out of the screen.
Pale Rider
Directs and stars in Pale Rider, reviving the western at the mid-1980s box office.
Robots and Empire
Asimov published Robots and Empire, connecting themes and chronology from his Robot and Foundation universes.
The Blood of Abraham
Publication of "The Blood of Abraham"
Big Jane
Cimino publishes his first novel, "Big Jane"
first novel, "Big Jane
Cimino publishes his first novel, "Big Jane"
his
Cimino publishes his first novel, "Big Jane"
No More Vietnams
Publication of "No More Vietnams"
Born in the USA Tour
Completes a major world tour that confirms his stadium-level popularity.
Im on Fire
Releases, "Im on Fire"
Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention
Releases Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention, incorporating material connected with his anti-censorship campaign.
Empire Burlesque
Records and releases the album Empire Burlesque.
Libel-Hunt
Mark Lane, author of the best-selling "Rush to Judgment," successfully defends Liberty Lobby in a second trial in 1985, overturning the original libel award of 1981
Badge Man
Enhances the immediate photograph area of the "Badge Man" in contrast and brightness, then he enhanced further with what White has described as "clear photographic colored oils" to illustrate the "Badge Man"
Libel-Hunt
Mark Lane, author of the best-selling "Rush to Judgment," successfully defends Liberty Lobby in a second trial in 1985, overturning the original libel award of 1981
Reasonable Doubt
Hurt published Reasonable Doubt, rejecting certainty in the Warren Commission's lone-assassin conclusion and examining alternative suspects and possible conspiratorial explanations for Kennedy's murder.
Contact
Publication of "Contact"
Charon
Harrington's orbital calculations predict a series of mutual Pluto-Charon eclipses and occultations beginning in 1985.
Puck Discovery
Identifies Puck in Voyager 2 images during the spacecraft's approach to Uranus.
COBE
Mather leads instrument and mission planning for COBE to test the spectrum of the microwave background
Gas Centrifuge Programme
The Oak Ridge centrifuge uranium-separation programme is terminated after a decade of development work.
Marriage
De Lorean & his model wife Christina Ferrare are divorced
The Sentinel
The Sentinel, an unfinished early novel by West, was published posthumously.
Post Strike Mine Review
After the strike the Coal Board continued assessing pit economics and the future of individual collieries.
Aftermath Of Miners Strike
The miners return to work without settlement was widely viewed as a major turning point in industrial relations.
Orgreave Prosecutions Collapse
Prosecutions of miners over the Orgreave confrontation collapsed amid concerns about police evidence.
Orgreave Trial Aftermath
The failure of serious prosecutions fuelled claims that the policing of Orgreave required independent examination.
Orgreave Accountability Debate
The legacy of Orgreave continued to influence debate about state power during the miners strike.
Orgreave Mining Community Memory
Former pickets and mining families continued to dispute the official depiction of the 1984 confrontation.
MacGregor Post Strike Restructuring
After the strike MacGregor remained responsible for a coal industry facing disputed closures and workforce reductions.
Nottinghamshire Union Reconciliation
The dispute left NUM officials confronting deep rifts between Nottinghamshire members and other coalfields.
Nottinghamshire Working Miners Organisation
Working miners in Nottinghamshire developed separate representation as relations with the national union deteriorated.
Nottinghamshire Area Split
Disputes over membership and representation foreshadowed an enduring organisational split in the miners movement.