1985 in History

Appointed Acting President of Panama

A director of French arms sales who is assassinted by Action Directe

Responds after the Air India Flight 182 bombing kills 329 people.

France recalls its Ambassador from South Africa & suspends investment

Signs the Anglo-Irish Agreement, giving the Irish Government a formal consultative role regarding Northern Ireland.

Tries to make the constitution more attractive to the Northern Irish Protestants. Signs an agreement in Belfast with Thatcher. Helps setup an Inter-Government Conference of ministers for a say in Northern Ireland

Sets up an Inter-Government Conference of to give the Republic a say in North Ireland

Signs an agreement in Belfast with Dr FitzGerald

Signs power sharing agreement at Hillsborough with the Irish Government

Catholics, Protestants & the Republic have a say in Ulster

Ulster Unionist leaders announce that all 15 Unionist MPs at Westminster will resign

The Agreement is approved in Parliament by 473 votes to 47

Hun Sen is appointed Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Kampuchea

Russia announces a unilateral freeze of medium-range nuclear missiles

Israel frees 1,500 Palestinians for 3 Israeli soldiers

Nelson Mandela rejects Bothas offer of conditional release

Nelson Mandela rejects Bothas offer of conditional release

Israel decides to release 300 of its 735 Shiite prisoners

Acquires Arundells in Salisbury which later becomes closely associated with his retirement years.

Rajiv Gandhi's government signs the Assam Accord with leaders of the Assam agitation.

4 Polish officers are given jail sentences

A director of French arms sales who is assassinted by Action Directe

Benazir Bhuttos brother Shahnawaz is killed under suspicious circumstances in France

Lionel Richie receives an honorary Doctor of Music degree from Tuskegee Institute in Alabama

Oxford University votes against the traditional honorary doctorate on a PM, the first Oxford-educated Prime Minister since the war to be denied the honour. Academics have led a campaign against honouring Mrs Thatcher in protest against the Governments cuts in funding for education

Begins an 11 day tour of the Far East

A car bomb kills 50 & wounds 172

The Schengen Treaty is signed by Belgium, Holland, Germany & France, abolishes border checks

Insists that political rights must precede meaningful personal freedom.

Mengele becomes the worlds most sought-after fugitive with a bounty of $4 million

1st member of the Royal Family to appear on a live radio phone in on BBC Radio 4

Represents Greece as leaders prepare for treaty reform and completion of the internal market.

San Yu continues as President after the 1985 one-party election

Mass funerals for black victims are banned during a period of unrest

Burial of Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko, 3rd Russian leader buried in 2 1/2 yrs

Leads the funeral procession

Attends Chernenkos funeral in Moscow

Rees, Jenkin & Gowrie leave the Government. Clarke, MacGregor & Baker join the Cabinet

Becomes a Central Committee secretary responsible for construction policy.

CIA-related assassination records become part of later investigations.

CIA-related assassination records become part of later investigations.

CIA-related assassination records become part of later investigations.

CIA-related assassination records become part of later investigations.

CIA-related assassination records become part of later investigations.

Appointed Chairman of the Council of Succession

Appointed Chairman of the Supreme Soviet

Appointed Chairman of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet, Head of State

Appointed Chairman of the Supreme Soviet

An IAU circular reports confirming mutual-event observations, after which Pluto's large satellite is officially named Charon.

The first successful observation of a predicted Pluto-Charon mutual event occurs within about forty minutes of Harrington's forecast.

Addresses Commons questions concerning chemical weapons and arms-control policy.

Nawaz Sharif becomes Chief Minister of Punjab after non-party elections.

Appointed Chief of Staff

Appointed Chairman of the Parliamentary Conservative backbench committee on Northern Ireland

Opposes sanctions on South Africa at the Nassau Commonwealth Conference. 16-23 October, attends the Commonwealth Prime Minister's conference

Opposes sanctions on South Africa at the Nassau Commonwealth Conference. 16-23 October, attends the Commonwealth Prime Minister's conference

Ends the conference with a speech offering the Police more men & equipment

1st meets President Reagan, later describes him as a "political dinosaur"

Russia & the US agree "nuclear war cannot be won". Russia & the US agree not to "achieve military superiority". Meets President Reagan to speed up arms control & renew cultural relations

Opening day of the SDP Conference in Torquay

Addresses the joint session of the US Congress

Tries to make the constitution more attractive to the Northern Irish Protestants

Restores constitutional government after the civic-military dictatorship

The government begins restoring the 1973 Constitution with substantial amendments.

Succesfully leads a coup in Uganda

Makes his first team debut at home to Queens Park Rangers, coming on as a substitute

The first Delors Commission took office with completion of the internal market among its central objectives.

Waters declares that he has left Pink Floyd and later contests use of the band name

The US charges Israel with violating the Geneva Convention for deporting Shiites

Appointed Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party

Nakasone advises the Japanese to buy foreign products

Says Peru will limit debt payment to 10% of export earnings

Makes reduction of the foreign debt one of the main economic objectives of his first government

The Eighth Amendment validates martial-law measures and expands presidential dissolution powers.

Elected Prime Minister of Brazil, 1st civilian in 21 yrs

Re-elected Prime Minister of Greece.

Expands detention and censorship powers amid nationwide political unrest.

Addresses Commons questions on the European Fighter Aircraft programme.

Wham!, featuring George Michael, became the 1st group since the Bee Gees in 1979 to have three consecutive no 1 singles. "Everything She Wants" starts a 2-week run at no 1

Body of Nazi criminal, Dr. Josef Mengele located and exhumed

West Germany, Israel & the USA announce a combined effort to track down Josef Mengele. Mengele becomes the worlds most sought-after fugitive with a bounty of $4 million

Mengeles body is exhumed from a grave in Sao Paolo

Investigators believe they have discoverred Mengeles body

Co-founds Farm Aid with Willie Nelson and John Mellencamp to support family farmers.

The Fraud Investigation Group is set up for cases of financial & commercial fraud

Appointed party leader after the death of Enver Hoxha

Leads Poland's first successful heart transplant operation.

Guides Real Madrid to their first UEFA Cup title after a 3-1 aggregate victory over Videoton.

Flies out to Cairo to begin a tour of the Middle East

Responds to growing United States criticism of the military government’s human rights record.

English officials announce no teams under their control will play football in Europe

Appointed Foreign Minister

Papoulias is appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs.

Appointed Foreign Minister

Free movement between Spain & Gibraltar returns

Chris Evert-Lloyd wins the French Open

Addresses Commons questions concerning orders for Royal Navy frigates.

The G7 summit opens in Bonn

The Politburo vote to appoint Gorbachev as Chernenkos successor. Appointed President of Russia. Appointed General Secretary of the Communist Party

The Communist Party plenum ratify Gorbachevs succession

Takes part in a major Commons debate concerning the sinking of the General Belgrano during the Falklands War.

Pakistan holds general elections without formal party participation.

Agrees to negotiate for nuclear disarmament with Moscow

Reagan says the US will not take part in World Court ruling on Nicaraguan charges

Inaugurated President of the USA, 2nd term

The US records a record trade defecit of $123 billion in 1984

The US halts its loan to Chile due to human rights abuse

Reagan says his goal is to topple the Sandanista Government

The US charges Israel with violating the Geneva Convention for deporting Shiites

The US announces that Reagan will visit a Nazi cemetery

Reagan stands by his plans to lay a wreath on the graves of Nazi SS soldiers

Reagan visits the Bitburg Nazi cemetery with Chancellor Helmut Khol

Reagan speaks to the European Parliament on 40th anniversary of V-E Day

Visits a German military ceremony, 47 Waffen SS are buried there

House votes for sanctiona against South Africa

The United Airlines strike ends after 29 days

Reagan cals for unconditional release of hostages on TWA jet

Arthur Christopher Watson becomes Governor of Montserrat

Russia announces that Chernenko is ill

Rock Hudson is hospitalized with AIDS

Establishes a major national programme for advanced cardiac transplantation.

Opens Terminal 4 at Heathrow airport

Appointed Home Secretary

Heng Samrin remains head of state as Hun Sen becomes Prime Minister

Delors welcomed the accession treaties for Spain and Portugal as a major expansion of democratic Europe.

Sworn in as President of Uruguay with a five-year term

Supports the Milan decision to convene an intergovernmental conference on treaty reform.

Supports convening an intergovernmental conference on treaty reform.

Participates as leaders decide to convene an intergovernmental conference on treaty reform.

Supports the Milan decision to convene an intergovernmental conference on treaty reform and the internal market.

Delors made completion of the internal market a defining priority of his new Commission.

Faces increasing international financial and diplomatic pressure over human rights violations.

The last Russian troops leave Afghanistan

Israel begins to withdraw from the Lebanon after a 6 yr occupation

Demonstrates the C5 battey-driven electric car

I participates in jerusalem policy connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

Performs at Live Aid at Wembley Stadium, appearing during one of the decade's most watched charity concerts.

Members of The Who reunite for Live Aid at Wembley Stadium.

Appears near the climax of Live Aid at JFK Stadium.

Members of The Who reunite for Live Aid at Wembley Stadium.

Concert at Wembley raises œ40m for famine relief in Africa

Dave Gilmour appears at Live Aid as part of Bryan Ferrys band

Members of The Who reunite for Live Aid at Wembley Stadium.

Members of The Who reunite for Live Aid at Wembley Stadium.

Becomes Liverpool player-manager after Joe Fagan retires.

Represents Greece as negotiations on the Single European Act approach completion.

Appointed manager of Leeds United

Appointed manager of Leeds United

Offers Nelson Mandela release if he renounces political violence.

The Boss, Bruce Springsteen, marries actress/model Julianne Phillips in ceremonies in Lake Oswego, OR

Zia lifts martial law while retaining extensive presidential powers.

Directs Manner, an international breakthrough for West German comedy.

Hosts the European Council that sets the objective of completing the internal market by the end of 1992.

Represents Ireland as leaders consider the internal market and institutional reform.

Represents Germany as the Milan European Council considers institutional reform and completion of the internal market.

Mitterrand supported launching treaty negotiations intended to deepen Community integration and complete the internal market.

Represents Greece as leaders consider institutional reform and the internal-market programme.

The US Congress votes to stop Reagan from supplying arms to the Contras

Nakasone advises the Japanese to buy foreign products

Opposes sanctions on South Africa at the Nassau Commonwealth Conference

Paz Estenssoro issues Supreme Decree 21060 to attack hyperinflation and restructure the economy

Pakistan holds general elections without formal party participation.

General election outcome recorded for Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq: Pakistan holds general elections without formal party participation.

Government context for this general election: Pakistan holds general elections without formal party participation.

Agrees with the USA to resume negotiations to reduce nuclear weapons

Sends a letter to the US saying Star Wars will escalate the arms race

Russia announces a unilateral freeze of medium-range nuclear missiles

Announces the suspension of the deployment of SS-20 missiles in Europe

Meets Reagan to discuss arms control

Russia & the USA agree "nuclear war cannot be won". Russia & the USA agree not to "achieve military superiority". Meets Reagan to discuss arms control

Russia & the USA agree "nuclear war cannot be won"

Agrees to negotiate for nuclear disarmament with Moscow

Conservative delegates vote to support the Trident Programme at their Conference

ZANU-PF wins a large majority in the first post-independence parliamentary election.

Declares a state of emergency in selected districts.

Testifies before a United States Senate committee against proposed record-labelling and rating measures promoted by the PMRC.

Appointed Member of Politburo

1st at the politburo meeting to propose Gorbachev as a replacement for Chernenko

Appointed Member of Politburo

Appointed Member of Politburo

The US halts its loan to Chile due to human rights abuse

Is acquitted after the Belgrano documents case.

Faces trial over leaked Belgrano documents.

Pravda calls Regans visit to Bitburg Nazi cemetry an "act of blasphemy"

Succeeds Siaka Stevens as President of Sierra Leone

Appointed President of Brazil after Tancredo Neves was unable to take office

Appointed President of Italy

Appointed military President of Nigeria after the overthrow of Muhammadu Buhari

Appointed President of Poland

Appointed President of the Supreme Soviet

Appointed President of Russia

Supports the proposal for Gorbachev as a replacement for Chernenko

Appointed President of Uganda

Appointed President of Uruguay, first term

Muhammad Khan Junejo becomes Prime Minister after non-party elections.

Appointed Prime Minister of Russia, Chairman of the Council of Minister

Paias Wingti becomes Prime Minister after a parliamentary vote

Mandela rejects the condition in a statement read publicly.

The Trustee Savings Bank is sold

Agrees to the total privatization of British Gas

Is admitted to hospital for prostate surgery.

Rajiv Gandhi and Harchand Singh Longowal sign an accord intended to address major political grievances in Punjab.

Britain orders 25 Russian spies to leave the country

Makes and defends Government policy concerning RAF Molesworth.

The achievement marks recovery of salyut 7 as an important Russian scientific milestone.

South Africa pledges to abolish bans on mixed-race sex

Rejects an offer of freedom conditional on renouncing violence.

Ministry of Defence assistant secretary Clive Ponting resigns from his post over the Belgrano affair

Despite his disagreement with government policy, he used his resignation speech to underline his personal devotion to Thatcher, describing her as "the finest chief, the most resolute leader, the kindest friend that any member of this House could hope to serve."

Resign as Minister of State in HM Treasury over the signing of the Anglo-Irish Agreement

Resigns from the Government after the signing of the Anglo-Irish Agreement

Resigns as Party Leader of the Peronist Party

Gaddafi publicly defends the organisations blamed for the deadly Rome airport attack.

Manually docks with the unresponsive Salyut 7 space station.

Announces to the United Nations General Assy Britain will raise EC sanctions against South Africa

Signs the Schengen Agreement for West Germany, committing the participating governments to gradually abolish internal border controls.

Mitterrand supported France's participation in the Schengen Agreement to reduce controls at participating states' internal borders.

Sicardy helps obtain further occultation evidence confirming that Neptune possesses persistent ring arcs.

Somare loses office after a successful no-confidence motion

Iraq fights off the offensive during the heaviest Battle yetw. Iran attempts to ford the Tigris

Iran attempts to ford the Tigris, Iraq fights off the offensive

Rebel groups are active in and around Kabul, unleashing rocket attacks and conducting operations against the communist Government

Announces a unilateral Soviet moratorium on nuclear testing.

Failure to pledge reforms to the apartheid system leads to disvetment from South Africa

A state of emergency is declared

Addresses Commons questions on British policy toward the United States Strategic Defence Initiative.

Union votes to expel Nottinghamshire

Miners reject peace plan by trades unionleaders and Government

More than 50 perent of miners back at work

Delegates at an NUM conference decide 98 to 91 to end the strike

The year long miners strike is called off

The year long miners strike is called off

Paz Estenssoro promulgates Supreme Decree 21060 to halt hyperinflation and liberalise the economy.

Ta Mok gains greater control over remaining Khmer Rouge forces

Takes control of the Moscow City Communist Party Committee and begins a highly visible campaign against bureaucratic privilege.

Moves from Sverdlovsk to Moscow to head the Communist Party Central Committee construction department.

Craxi represents Italy during the treaty ceremonies completing negotiations with the Iberian applicants.

FitzGerald backs Ireland's consent to the treaty expanding the Communities to Spain and Portugal.

Signs Portugal's Treaty of Accession as Foreign Minister alongside Mario Soares and Rui Machete.

Signs Spain's Treaty of Accession to the European Communities at the Royal Palace in Madrid.

Kohl represents West Germany in the member-state settlement admitting Spain and Portugal.

Lubbers represents the Netherlands as the enlargement treaty is concluded with Spain and Portugal.

Signs Portugal's accession treaty as Deputy Prime Minister during the Lisbon ceremony.

Martens represents Belgium as the Community agrees the terms for Spanish and Portuguese membership.

Mitterrand represents France as the Communities conclude accession terms with Spain and Portugal.

Signs Spain's accession treaty as Foreign Minister alongside Prime Minister Felipe Gonzalez.

Papandreou supports Greece's participation in the enlargement agreement with the two Iberian applicants.

Santer supports Luxembourg's approval of Spanish and Portuguese accession to the Communities.

Schluter backs Denmark's approval of the southern enlargement treaty signed in Madrid and Lisbon.

Signs Portugal's Treaty of Accession to the European Communities in Lisbon.

Thatcher represents Britain as member governments conclude the 1985 accession treaty with Spain and Portugal.

Dumas backs France's participation in the founding five-state agreement for gradually reducing checks at common borders. French policy couples freer movement with stronger police coordination.

Engelhard helps review legal consequences of the agreement's programme for progressively freer cross-border movement. Germany supports freer travel alongside common security and visa rules.

Leads France when Belgium, France, West Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands sign the Schengen Agreement on gradual abolition of internal border checks.

Genscher backs Germany's participation in the founding five-state agreement for gradually reducing checks at common borders. German policy links open internal borders with stronger external controls.

Gol helps review legal consequences of the agreement's programme for progressively freer cross-border movement. Belgium supports wider participation while preserving practical security cooperation.

In France, Joxe starts adapting border and policing arrangements to the commitments created at Schengen. Paris also emphasises effective controls at the Schengen area's external frontier.

Leads West Germany when the five founding states sign the Schengen Agreement on the gradual removal of controls at their common borders.

In Netherlands, Korthals Altes starts adapting border and policing arrangements to the commitments created at Schengen. The Hague also supports common visa rules and effective external controls.

Lalumiere helps review legal consequences of the agreement's programme for progressively freer cross-border movement. France supports mobility alongside common visa and security arrangements.

Leads the Netherlands when the five founding states sign the Schengen Agreement on progressively removing controls at their shared borders.

Leads Belgium when the five founding governments sign the Schengen Agreement, committing themselves to the gradual removal of internal border checks.

In Belgium, Nothomb starts adapting border and policing arrangements to the commitments created at Schengen. Brussels also stresses coordinated policing and external-border safeguards.

Tindemans backs Belgium's participation in the founding five-state agreement for gradually reducing checks at common borders. Belgian policy links freer movement with close Benelux cooperation.

van den Broek backs Netherlands's participation in the founding five-state agreement for gradually reducing checks at common borders. Dutch policy stresses coordinated justice, policing and migration procedures.

van Eekelen helps review legal consequences of the agreement's programme for progressively freer cross-border movement. The Netherlands links free movement with practical law-enforcement cooperation.

In Germany, Zimmermann starts adapting border and policing arrangements to the commitments created at Schengen. Bonn also backs intensive police cooperation between participating states.

This record states: As a result of obtaining depositions from David Atlee Phillips, Richard Helms, G.

This record states: Gordon Liddy, Stansfield Turner, and Marita Lorenz, plus a skillful cross-examination by Mark Lane of E.

This record states: Howard Hunt, the jury decides that Marchetti had not been guilty of libel when he suggested that John F.

This record states: It emerged that Marchetti had also consulted James Angleton and Alan J.

This record states: Kennedy had been assassinated by people working for the CIA.

This record states: Mark Lane discovered Marchettis sources.

This record states: The main source was William Corson.

This record states: Weberman before publishing his article.

Defends the Trident programme during Commons questioning.

Conservative delegates vote to support the Trident programme at their party conference

Scores as Real Madrid beat Videoton 3-0 away in the first leg of the UEFA Cup final.

Scores Real Madrid's third goal in the 3-0 first-leg UEFA Cup final victory over Videoton.

The United Airlines strike ends after 29 days

Voyager 2 begins long-range scientific observations of Uranus before the January 1986 flyby.

Vega 1 releases a balloon that drifts through Venus's cloud layer while measuring winds and atmospheric conditions.

Vega 2 deploys a second balloon into Venus's atmosphere, providing additional measurements of cloud-level circulation.

Gaddafi praises militants after coordinated violence at Vienna airport.

Pravda calls Regans visit to Bitburg Nazi cemetry an "act of blasphemy"

Reagan visits the Bitburg Nazi cemetery with Chancellor Helmut Khol

Returns to Pollsmoor later in November after treatment.

Records with USA for Africa on We Are the World, the famine relief charity single.

The Commission presented its White Paper setting out measures needed to complete the internal market by 1992.

Runs 1500 meters in 3 mins 29.67 secs

Runs the mile in 3 mins 46.31 secs

Hun Sen begins his premiership under the PRK government

Birth of Keira Christina Knightley

Birth of Mark Cavendish

Birth of Wayne Rooney

Death of David Byron

Death of Enver Hoxha

Death of Enver Hoxha

Death of Enver Hoxha ends four decades of party leadership

Death of George Orson Welles

Death of Heinrich Boll

Death of Henry Cabot Lodge

Death of John "Jock" Stein, suffers a heart attack at the end of the 1-1 draw with Wales at Ninian Park

Death of Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko, dies of emphysema age 73

Death of Lon Nol in exile in California

Death of Philip Larkin

A director of French arms sales who is assassinted by Action Directe

Death of Rock Hudson

Death of Simone Signoret

Death of Tage Fritiof Erlander

Death of Wilfrid Brambell

Death of Yul Brynner