1989
1989 League Championship Manager
Guides Arsenal to the league championship after the dramatic final-match victory at Liverpool.
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Browse historical records dated to 1989. Records are rendered from the World History Database into this page's initial HTML.
Guides Arsenal to the league championship after the dramatic final-match victory at Liverpool.
Douglas Wilder, the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, launches his successful campaign to become the first elected black Governor of a US state
Dennis Young serves as acting Governor-General after Ignatius Kilage dies
The accord accelerates preparation for a single republic.
His second period as full-time Downing Street adviser, lasting just five months, from May to October 1989, proved so contentious that it hastened the resignation of the Chancellor, Nigel Lawson. Appointed Economic Adviser to Maragaret Thatcher
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam's missile programme conducts the first flight of the Agni technology demonstrator.
Ali Mohamed, a former special forces Sergeant stationed at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, left military service and moved to Santa Clara, California & traveled to Afghanistan and Pakistan and became "deeply involved with bin Ladens plans
Husak declares an amnesty on political crimes
Announces the lifting of the ban on the ANC during the opening of Parliament
President de Klerk announces his intention to lift the ANC ban
Scores in stoppage time at Anfield to give Arsenal the league championship on goals scored.
Heads Arsenal's opening goal at Anfield as the club chase the two-goal victory needed for the league title.
Celebrates 10 yrs as Prime Minister
Welcomes Egypt's restoration to full Arab League membership.
Welcomes the decision to return the Arab League headquarters from Tunis to Cairo.
Is arrested by Israeli authorities as Hamas expands during the First Intifada.
Placed under House arrest for treason, corruption & abuse of power. Expelled from the Communist Party, following allegations of corruption
Announces the intention to release Nelson Mandela during the opening of Parliament
Nelson Mandela is released from prison
de Klerk announces the release of Mandela
de Klerk announces the release of Mandela
Released from the Victor Verster prison after 27 years
Mandela is released from prison
de Klerk announces the release of Sisulu
Assassination of Robert Ouko
Presses Israel and Palestinians to consider elections and negotiations after the First Intifada.
The Berlin wall falls & demonstrations of German unity are held in the DDR
Mitterand visits Gorbachev in Kiev to to try & delay the fall of the Berlin Wall
Fall of the Berlin Wall
Fall of the Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall opens marking the fall of the East German regime
Mitterand visits Hans Modrow in East Berlin & delay the fall of the Berlin Wall
Thatcher distances herself from US vows to punish whoever bombed Pam Am Flight 103, saying in a TV interview that revenge "can affect innocent people"
Positions himself to succeed Botha as head of government.
Iran breaks off relations with Britain
Iran breaks off diplomatic relations with Britain
The Ayatollah Khomeini calls for the death of Salman Rushdie. Iran breaks off diplomatic relations with Britain
Makes a television broadcast confessing to adultery
Loses control during a mass rally in Bucharest.
Bush Issues a National Security Directive to resume normal relations with Iraq
Bush Issues a National Security Directive to resume normal relations with Iraq
John Major becomes Foreign Secretary. Howe becomes Lord President of the Council, Leader of the Commons & Deputy PM
Price increases and transport costs triggered widespread unrest, followed by a forceful government security response.
Appointed Member of Central Committee
Appointed Chairman of the Council of Minister's for the GDR
Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer
Russia promises to eliminate stockpiles of chemical weapons
Helps found Civic Forum during the revolution.
Claims nationalism has triumphed over collaboration with Russia
Becomes a co-chair of the Interregional Deputies Group, the first organized parliamentary opposition in the late Soviet period.
Paz Zamora becomes president through a congressional coalition after an inconclusive election.
Mather leads COBE science as NASA launches the satellite to measure Big Bang relic radiation
Smoot leads the differential microwave radiometer team on the launched COBE mission
Coming Out premieres in East Berlin on the night the Berlin Wall falls.
The Commonwealth supports sanctions against South Africa, ossinly Britain is opposed. The Commonwealth supports sanctions against South Africa, only Britain is opposed
Attends the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, opposes South African sanctions
Thatcher refuses to join Commonwealth sanctions against South Africa
The Commonwealth supports sanctions against South Africa, only Britain is opposed
Announces the lifting of the ban on the Communist Party
The concert takes place on Potsdamer Platz, part of the former "no-mans land" of the Berlin Wall, and features many guest superstars: The Band, Bryan Adams, Cyndi Lauper, Van Morrison, Sin‚ad OConnor, The Scorpions, Marianne Faithfull, and Joni Mitchel
The concert takes place on Potsdamer Platz, part of the former "no-mans land" of the Berlin Wall, and features many guest superstars: The Band, Bryan Adams, Cyndi Lauper, Van Morrison, Sin‚ad OConnor, The Scorpions, Marianne Faithfull, and Joni Mitchel. After the Berlin Wall came down Waters stages The Wall Concert in Berlin to commemorate the end of the division between East and West Germany
Senegambia Confederation ends during Diouf's presidency
The Commonwealth supports sanctions against South Africa, only Britain is opposed
Drafts Britains opposition to sanctions against South Africa
Attends the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, opposes South African sanctions
Drafts a statement outlining the British oppostion to sanctions against South Africa
Thatcher delivers her Commons statement on the Kuala Lumpur conference
The Commonwealth supports sanctions against South Africa, only Britain is opposed
Lawson & Howe force Thatcher into joining the ERM
Lawson & Howe force Thatcher into joining the ERM
Britain agrees to enter the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) when the 3 convergence conditions are met
Lawson & Howe force Thatcher into joining the ERM
Attends the United Nations General Assembly Conference
Mladenov sets a May 31 deadline for free elections in Bulgaria
Parliament, still dominated by the Communists, removes the article guaranteeing a leadership role to the Communist Party and Marxism as a state ideology from the Constitution
An elected independent non-Communist Government is formed under Havel. first non-Communist President in more than 40 yrs
The Communist Party of Czech announces it will give up its monopoly of power
Parliament, still dominated by the Communists, removes the article guaranteeing a leadership role to the Communist Party and Marxism as a state ideology from the Constitution
Most members of the Government of Czechia were replaced by non-Communists
Husak nominates a federal cabinet, headed by Calfa. Forms the first non-communist Government in Czech since 1948
The post of Prime Minister is abolished
Jaruzelski creates a 2nd Senate Chamber to be freely elected
Yeltsins presence in the Supreme Soviets Chamber of Peoples Deputies provided a focus for the reformist minority, the legislature becomes a more pluralist body than Gorbachev intends. The March 1989 election of the Congress of Peoples Deputies marked the first time that voters of the Soviet Union ever chose the membership of a national legislative body
The USSR Supreme Soviet is replaced by the USSR Congress of Peoples Deputies
The initial session of the Congress of Peoples Deputies. Gorbachev was elected without opposition to the chairmanship of the new Supreme Soviet; then the Congress of Peoples Deputies elected a large majority of old-style party apparatchiks to fill the membership of its new legislative body
In the summer of 1989, the first opposition bloc in the Congress of Peoples Deputies formed under the name of the Interregional Group
Wins an election to offer representation for all elements of the population
Accepts constitutional reforms agreed between the military government and democratic opposition.
Rebels launch a 5th major coup attempt against President Aquino
Saved from being overthrown by the intervention of the USA
The Romanian Government is overthrown
Bloodless revolution in Czech that sees the overthrow of the communist Government
Leads the military coup that removes Alfredo Stroessner from power.
Is overthrown in a military coup led by General Andres Rodriguez.
Leon Brittan reveals PMs Private Secretary & Press Officer leaked the Westland letter
Leon Brittan reveals PMs Private Secretary & Press Officer leaked the Westland letter
Scores as Barcelona defeat Sampdoria 2-0 to win the European Cup Winners' Cup.
Begins the presidency that leads into constitutional negotiations.
F W de Klerk subsequently succeeds him as party leader.
After the Russian withdrawal the Taleban militia attacks the Government
Ron Brown is elected Chairman of the Democratic National Committee, becoming the first black to head a major US political party
Oversees the election won by opposition candidate Patricio Aylwin.
Disorders in in Nagorno-Karabakh, ethnic conflicts
The Czech Government resigns in the wake of mass demonstrations
Slovak high school and university students stage a peaceful demonstration
A peaceful student demonstration is severely beaten back by riot police
Students demand the resignations of Deng Xiaoping & Li Peng. Students demand greater democratic freedom
A crowd of 10,000 gathers at Tiananmen Square
100,000 defy Government troops by marching through the streets & shouting slogans
About 3,000 students begin a hunger strike
Meets student leaders to negotiate but asks them to withdraw without preconditions
Appears on Chinese TV & accuses students of being "counter-revolutionaries"
The Government declares martial law
Students demand the resignations of Deng Xiaoping & Li Peng. Students demand greater democratic freedom
A crowd of 10,000 gathers at Tiananmen Square
100,000 defy Government troops by marching through the streets & shouting slogans
Students begin a hunger strike
The Government imposes martial law. Pro-democracy demonstrations are crushed in Tiananmen Square
Appointed Deputy Leader of the Labour Party
Appointed Deputy President of the African National Congress
In Argentina devaluation causes a wild panic in the financial district of Buenos Aires
The United States presented photographic evidence to the United Nations Security Council to justify its shootdown of two Libyan jet fighters as self-defense, evidence the Libyan ambassador said was faked
In his first diplomatic mission of the Bush administration, Vice President Dan Quayle begins a trip to Venezuela and El Salvador
Britain and Argentina agree to restore consular relations.
Relegated after just one season back among the elite, Ball is sacked in for failing to mount a serious promotion challenge after having a serious personality clash with Portmsouths then chairman Jim Gregory
Drops his anti-imperialist rhetoric and espouses capitalism, private investment and good relations with the US & begins an economic overhaul program
In Argentina devaluation causes a wild panic in the financial district of Buenos Aires
Major & Hurd convince the Cabinet to sign Britain up to the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) effectively guaranteeing that the British Government would follow a policy preventing the pound and other member currencies from fluctuating by more than 6%
Major & Hurd convince the Cabinet to sign Britain up to the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) effectively guaranteeing that the British Government would follow a policy preventing the pound and other member currencies from fluctuating by more than 6%
Interest rates rise to 15%
Major & Hurd convince the Cabinet to sign Britain up to the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) effectively guaranteeing that the British Government would follow a policy preventing the pound and other member currencies from fluctuating by more than 6%
Britain agrees to enter the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) when the 3 convergence conditions are met
Interest rates rise to 15%
Major and Hurd convince the Cabinet to sign Britain up to the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) effectively guaranteeing that the British Government would follow a policy preventing the pound and other member currencies from fluctuating by more than 6%.
With UK inflation at three times the rate of Germany's, interest rates at 15% and the "Lawson Boom" about to bust, the conditions for joining the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) were not favourable at that time.
His second period as full-time Downing Street adviser, lasting just five months, from May to October 1989, proved so contentious that it hastened the resignation of the Chancellor, Nigel Lawson
Drops his anti-imperialist rhetoric and espouses capitalism, private investment and good relations with the US & begins an economic overhaul program
President Bush, in his first major speech to Congress, proposes a $1.16 trillion "common sense" budget for fiscal 1990
President of elect Bush completes the selection of his Cabinet, naming retired Adm. James D. Watkins secretary of energy and former education secretary William J. Bennett drug Czar
The March 1989 election of the Congress of Peoples Deputies marked the first time that voters of the Soviet Union ever chose the membership of a national legislative body. Fails to support Yeltsin against the conservatives, leads to Gorbachevs downfall. Elections for the Congress of Peoples Deputies, 80% of candidates are CPSU members. Communist Party members have to stand in elections for the 1st time ever
The Federal Assembly unanimously elects Havel
Elected Deputy Leader of the Labour Party
Announces intention to stand in the 2nd round of the Conservative Party leadership
Heseltine & Hurd stand down from the party leadership contest. 2nd round leadership ballot, Major wins 185 votes, Heseltine 131 & Hurd 56
Most members of the Government of Czechia are replaced by non-Communists
Jaruzelski elected President by a small majority
Wins an election to offer representation for all elements of the population
West German Chancellor Helmut Kohls Christian Democratic Union suffers a major setback in West Berlin municipal elections
Wins the presidential election as the National Party candidate
Michael Manley defeats Seaga in the national elections. Drops his anti-imperialist rhetoric and espouses capitalism, private investment and good relations with the US & begins an economic overhaul program
By the end of August a Solidarity-led coalition Government is formed and in December Tadeusz Mazowiecki is elected Prime Minister
Elected Member of Congress of Peoples Deputies
Appointed President of Argentina, the 1st free elections in Argentina
Thatcher defeats Meyer in the Conservative Party leadersip contest, 313 votes to 33
Mladenov sets a May 31 deadline for free elections in Bulgaria
Jury selection begins in the trial of former National Security Council aide Oliver North, charged in connection with the Iran-Contra affair
Elected Member of Congress of Peoples Deputies
Labour win the Vale of Glamorgan by-election
Defeats Anthony Meyer in the Conservative Party leadersip contest, 313 votes to 33
Limited free elections take place
Is elected president as the candidate of the Concertacion coalition.
Oversees National Assembly elections during gradual institutional reform
Supports the Strasbourg decision to convene an intergovernmental conference on treaty changes needed for monetary union.
Supports work toward treaty negotiations required for economic and monetary union.
The Adamec Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Communists announce the end of their monopoly of power.
The Second Gro Harlem Brundtland Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.
The Second Steingrimur Hermannsson Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.
Enters the USSR Supreme Soviet and uses the legislature as a platform for opposition politics.
Major & Hurd convince the Cabinet to sign Britain up to the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) effectively guaranteeing that the British Government would follow a policy preventing the pound and other member currencies from fluctuating by more than 6%
Major & Hurd convince the Cabinet to sign Britain up to the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) effectively guaranteeing that the British Government would follow a policy preventing the pound and other member currencies from fluctuating by more than 6%
Major and Hurd convince the Cabinet to sign Britain up to the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) effectively guaranteeing that the British Government would follow a policy preventing the pound and other member currencies from fluctuating by more than 6%.
With UK inflation at three times the rate of Germany's, interest rates at 15% and the "Lawson Boom" about to bust, the conditions for joining the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) were not favourable at that time.
Executed along with his wife Elena
Nicolae Ceausescu is executed after a summary trial.
Is deposed and forced into exile in Brazil after the military coup.
The Ayatollah Khomeini calls for the death of Salman Rushdie
Ayatollah Khomeni pronounces a death sentence for blasphemy in "The Satanic Verses"
The Ayatollah Khomeini calls for the death of Salman Rushdie
Appointed Federal Vice Chancellor
Ceausescu addresses a mass rally that breaks into open protest.
The Act restructures thrift regulation and funds resolution of failed savings institutions.
Begins the First Calfa Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Supports the Madrid decision setting 1 July 1990 as the start of the first stage of economic and monetary union.
Flees Bucharest by helicopter as the regime collapses.
Paul McCartney releases "Flowers in the Dirt"
Announces 225,000 Hong kong citizens will be given British citizenship
The Government announces it will grant UK citizenship to 225,000 from Hong Kong
Appointed Foreign Minister
Appointed Foreign Secretary
Releases Freedom, restoring his commercial and critical momentum at the end of the 1980s.
The Galileo spacecraft arrives at Kennedy Space Center for final testing, mating with its probe and launch preparations.
NASA launches Galileo, the first mission designed to orbit Jupiter.
Appointed General Secretary of the SED, Socialist Unity Party
Appointed General Secretary of the SED, Socialist Unity Party
Milos Jakes is replaced by puppet politician Karel Urb nek as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
Wins election for the remainder of the presidential term after the coup.
Wins election for the remainder of the presidential term after the coup.
General election outcome recorded for Andres Rodriguez: Wins election for the remainder of the presidential term after the coup.
Government context for this general election: Wins election for the remainder of the presidential term after the coup.
A Solidarity-led coalition Government is formed
Ignatius Kilage becomes Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
Voyager 2 images reveal the Earth-sized Great Dark Spot in Neptune's atmosphere.
Appointed Head of State for the GDR
Appointed Head of State for the GDR
Sings on Headless Cross, strengthening the late-1980s Black Sabbath line-up.
Temporarily steps back from presidential duties during recovery.
Heisei, which means Peace and Prosperity, is adopted as the new reign name
Leads Liverpool through the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster.
Steven Gerrard loses his cousin Jon-Paul in the crush
The Taylor Report, names the cause as failure of police control, and results in the conversion of many football stadiums in the United Kingdom to all-seater and the removal of barriers at the front of stands
The coroner, Dr Stefan Popper, limits the main inquest to events up until 3:15pm on the day of the disaster - just nine minutes after the match was halted and the crowd began to spill onto the pitch
Appointed Home Secretary
Says Hong kong residents have no automatic right to live in the UK
Inaugurated President of the USA
Innaugarated as President of South Africa
1st national movement, Sajudis, is formed in Lithuania
Claims nationalism has triumphed over collaboration with Russia
1st national movement, Sajudis, is formed in Lithuania
With UK inflation at three times the rate of Germany's, interest rates at 15% and the "Lawson Boom" about to bust, the conditions for joining the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) were not favourable at that time
Becomes a leading figure in the opposition Interregional Deputies Group in the Congress of People's Deputies.
In the summer of 1989, the first opposition bloc in the Congress of Peoples Deputies formed under the name of the Interregional Group
Israels Minister of Defence Rabin proposes that Palestinians end the Intifadah in exchange for an opportunity to elect local leaders who would negotiate with the Israeli Government
Israel's Minister of Defence Rabin proposes that Palestinians end the Intifada in exchange for an opportunity to elect local leaders who would negotiate with the Israeli Government
Russia announces that all but a small rear-guard contingent of its troops had left Afghanistan
The last Russian troops withdraw from Afghanistan. Russian withdrawal signifies a Mujahadin victory. 14,454 Russians had died in the conflict
The last Russian troops withdraw from Afghanistan
Cuba begins withdrawing its troops from Angola, more than 13 years after its first contingents arrived
Cuba begins withdrawing its troops from Angola, more than 13 years after its first contingents arrived
1st Test flight of US stealth-bomber
Begins the Jan P. Syse Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.
Kabariti participates in jerusalem policy connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Abolition of the National Dock Labour Scheme announced
Appointed Leader of the House of Commons
Solidarity is legalized
Solidarity & the Government sign an agreement legalizing Solidarity. Solidarity is legalized
The Government legalizes Solidarity
Tunisia held a legislative election in which the governing Constitutional Democratic Rally won every seat.
Appointed Lord President of the Council
Supports the Madrid timetable for beginning the first stage of economic and monetary union.
Mitterrand supported starting the first stage of Economic and Monetary Union in July 1990.
Supports the timetable for beginning the first stage of economic and monetary union in July 1990.
Supports the timetable beginning the first phase of economic and monetary union in July 1990.
Represents Italy as leaders approve launching the first stage of economic and monetary union in July 1990.
Represents Ireland as leaders approve launching the first stage of economic and monetary union.
Represents Germany as leaders approve launching the first stage of economic and monetary union in July 1990.
Papandreou backs the Madrid timetable beginning the first phase of monetary union in July 1990.
Magellan launches to map Venus with synthetic aperture radar.
Melanie Griffith and Don Johnson marry for 2nd time
Melanie Griffith and Don Johnson marry for 2nd time
Li Peng's government declares martial law in Lhasa after several days of unrest.
Calls on the army to defend the revolution
Meets imprisoned Nelson Mandela at Tuynhuys.
President Bush meets the Japanese Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita, after which both leaders sounded upbeat about U.Sese relations
President Bush meets the Japanese Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita, after which both leaders sounded upbeat about U.Sese relations
Papoulias is appointed Alternate Minister for National Defence.
Faces national mourning after the massacre at Ecole Polytechnique.
Wins more than ninety percent of the vote in his Moscow district during elections to the Congress of People's Deputies.
Wins election as a USSR People's Deputy in Moscow with overwhelming support.
Is chosen National Party leader after P W Botha resigns.
Resigns as National Party leader after his stroke.
Emerges as leader of the National Salvation Front.
Iliescu emerges as leader of the National Salvation Front.
From 1989 through March 1991 serves in President Bushs administration as Director then Senior Director, of Soviet and East European Affairs in the National Security Council, and a Special Assistant to the President
Bush Issues a National Security Directive to resume normal relations with Iraq
Helps interpret Voyager 2 science results from the Neptune encounter.
Voyager measurements reveal some of the fastest atmospheric winds known in the Solar System.
Leads imaging observations of Neptune, its storms and rings.
Voyager 2 magnetometer data show Neptune's magnetic field is strongly tilted and offset from the planet.
Measures Neptune's tilted magnetic field during the Voyager 2 encounter.
Voyager 2 begins sustained approach observations of Neptune from tens of millions of miles away.
Voyager observations resolve concentrated bright arcs embedded within Neptune's Adams ring.
Voyager 2 obtains the first detailed spacecraft images showing Neptune's system of dark rings.
Releases New York, a direct song cycle about politics, poverty, crime and urban life.
The ninth general election ends Congress's majority and leads to the formation of a National Front government.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee announces the Peace Prize for the 14th Dalai Lama.
Tenzin Gyatso receives the Nobel Peace Prize for advocating nonviolent solutions.
Releases Oh Mercy, produced by Daniel Lanois.
Ceausescu flees the Central Committee building as communist rule collapses.
Pres Reagan pardons George Steinbrenner for illegal funds for Nixon
Appointed Party Leader of the Bulgarian Communist Party
UNITA, backed by South Africa, agrees a truce with the MPLA, backed by Cuba. The cease-fire is abandoned after 2 months
Supports PLO diplomatic work as pressure builds for a negotiated process.
Proposes elections in the occupied territories as a way to create Palestinian representatives for talks.
The March 1989 election of the Congress of Peoples Deputies marked the first time that voters of the Soviet Union ever chose the membership of a national legislative body
The initial session of the Congress of Peoples Deputies
In the summer of 1989, the first opposition bloc in the Congress of Peoples Deputies formed under the name of the Interregional Group
Appointed Candidate Member of Politburo
Legalises opposition activity and begins dismantling parts of the Stroessner system.
The PM supports Majors advice not to sell BA Hawks to Iraq
Supports the decision to deepen discussions on political union alongside monetary integration.
The editorial staff of Slovakias Pravda, the central newspaper of the Communist Party of Slovakia, join the opposition
Appointed President of Argentina, the 1st free elections in Argentina
Appointed President of Argentina, 1st term
Appointed President of the National Council
Appointed President of Bulgaria
Appointed President of Czechoslovakia
Is elected president by the Federal Assembly.
Appointed President of Panama
Becomes president after the overthrow of Alfredo Stroessner.
Appointed President of South Africa
Appointed President of Turkey
United States invades Panama and removes the Noriega regime
President of elect Bush completes the selection of his Cabinet, naming retired Adm. James D. Watkins secretary of energy and former education secretary William J. Bennett drug Czar
Cristiani becomes President after ARENA wins the 1989 election
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali was elected president in the first presidential election after the 1987 transition.
Wins the first competitive presidential election held after the 1988 plebiscite.
Han Ahmedow becomes Prime Minister after serving as deputy head of government
Appointed Economic Adviser to Maragaret Thatcher
V.P. Singh becomes Prime Minister at the head of the National Front government.
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, 1st term, after the resignation of Uno
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, after the resgnation of Takeshita
Appointed Prime Minister of Norway
By the end of August a Solidarity-led coalition Government is formed and in December Tadeusz Mazowiecki is elected Prime Minister
Roman becomes prime minister of the provisional post-communist government.
Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey
Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, acting
The ten regional water authorities are privatized raising 5 billion pounds
Identifies the large inner moon later named Proteus in Voyager 2 images and confirms its orbit.
Appointed Provisional President of Panama
Helps lead Slovakia's Velvet Revolution movement.
Signs a petition protesting against the curfew imposed on Beijing
Replaced as leader of the Socialist Unity Party by Egon Krenz
Replaced as leader of the Socialist Unity Party by Egon Krenz
Popular Fronts form a chain from Vilnius to Tallin, day of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact
The day of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact. Popular Fronts form a human chain from Vilnius to Tallin
A demonstration of 10,000 in Tashkent wish to make Uzbek their state language
A demonstration of 10,000 in Tashkent wish to make Uzbek their state language
A Nationalist demonstration is suppressed by army intervention
A Nationalist demonstration is suppressed by army intervention
Jaruzelski creates a 2nd Senate Chamber to be freely elected
The Government proposes to legalize the legal profession
The Broadcasting Bill is published
Banks refuse to continue Government plans for student loans
The Poll tax is introduced in Scotland
Venezuelans directly elected state governors and mayors under decentralization reforms.
Opposes proposals for a single currency & a central bank for the EU
Opposes proposals for a single currency & a central bank for the EU
Resigns as personal Adviser to Maragaret Thatcher
Resigns as personal Adviser to Maragaret Thatcher
The Czech Government resigns in the wake of mass demonstrations
Husak resigns
Resigns after appointing a largely non-communist government.
The Communist President Gust v Hus k appoints the first largely non-communist Government in Czechoslovakia since 1948, and resigns
Resigns from power
Resigns as Chancellor of the Exchequer
Thatcher informs Major in private that Lawson is going to resign
Lawson resigns as Chabcellor
Thatcher informs Major in private that Lawson is going to resign
The Romanian Government is overthrown
President Reagan bids the nation farewell in an address from the Oval Office
President Reagan delivers his 331st and last weekly radio address, telling listeners, "Believe me, Saturdays will never seem the same. Ill miss you"
Returns to public politics during the Velvet Revolution.
Russia promises to eliminate stockpiles of chemical weapons
The Commonwealth supports sanctions against South Africa, ossinly Britain is opposed
Opposes sanctions against South Africa
Thatcher refuses to join Commonwealth sanctions against South Africa
Makes a television broadcast confessing to adultery
United States aircraft shoot down two Libyan MiG-23 fighters over the Mediterranean.
Appointed Member of Shadow Cabinet, Shadow Employment Secretary
Presents an initiative for Palestinian elections and limited autonomy while rejecting direct PLO negotiations.
Voyager 2 observations reveal six previously unknown moons in the inner Neptune system.
Solidarity is legalized
Solidarity must not strike for 2 yrs. Solidarity is legalized
By the end of August a Solidarity-led coalition Government is formed and in December Tadeusz Mazowiecki is elected Prime Minister
Solidarity & the Government sign an agreement legalizing Solidarity. Solidarity is legalized
The Government legalizes Solidarity
The ban on Solidarity is lifted. Solidarity & the Government sign an agreement legalizing Solidarity. Solidarity must not strike for 2 yrs
By the end of August a Solidarity-led coalition Government is formed and in December Tadeusz Mazowiecki is elected Prime Minister
The last Soviet troops leave Afghanistan while Najibullah's government remains in power.
Alexander Dubcek is elected speaker of the federal Parliament on December 28 and Vaclav Havel the President of Czechoslovakia on December 29 1989
Appointed Speaker of the Soviet of the Union
Is inaugurated as State President at the Union Buildings.
Heng Samrin continues as head of state after PRK becomes State of Cambodia
Hun Sen continues as Prime Minister after PRK becomes State of Cambodia
Kabariti participates in state visit connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Releases the Storyteller anthology, summarising his first two decades of major recordings.
Represents Italy as leaders consider monetary union and the political changes reshaping Europe.
Supports Irish participation in preparations for treaty negotiations on monetary and political union.
Represents Germany as leaders consider monetary union, political change in Europe and future treaty negotiations.
Mitterrand hosted European leaders as they agreed to convene negotiations on Economic and Monetary Union.
Represents Greece as leaders consider monetary union and political transformation in Europe.
Supports preparations for future intergovernmental negotiations on economic and monetary union.
Miners go on strike
A general two-hour strike of the population
Suffers a stroke that weakens his political position.
Police suppression of a student march triggers mass protest.
Succeeds as Emperor of Japan, 125th Emperor of Japan, son of Emperor Hirohito. Heisei, which means Peace and Prosperity, is adopted as the new reign name
After the Russian withdrawal the Taleban militia attacks the Government
The Taylor Report, names the cause as failure of police control, and results in the conversion of many football stadiums in the United Kingdom to all-seater and the removal of barriers at the front of stands. Lord Justice Taylors interim report commissioned by the Government largely blames South Yorkshire police for the failure of control. An interim report is published in August 1989
Addresses the country after Ceausescu's fall.
Thatcher distances herself from US vows to punish whoever bombed Pam Am Flight 103, saying in a TV interview that revenge "can affect innocent people"
Muslims in Bradford burn a copy of, "The Satanic Verses"
Muslims in Bradford burn a copy of, "The Satanic Verses"
Publication of "The Satanic Verses"
Begins the Third Steingrimur Hermannsson Government and serves as Prime Minister of Iceland.
Paul McCartney releases "This One"
The Delors Committee recommended a three-stage route to Economic and Monetary Union.
His attempted eviction sparks protests in Timisoara.
Releases the first Tin Machine album, presenting himself as part of a hard rock band rather than a solo star.
Brother-in-law accidentally discharges his shotgun, striking LeMond in the back just over two months before the 1987 Tour de France, LeMond misses the following two Tours while recovering
Placed under House arrest for treason, corruption & abuse of power
Jury selection begins in the trial of former National Security Council aide Oliver North, charged in connection with the Iran-Contra affair
The special prosecutor in the Iran-Contra case and the Justice Department reaches an agreement on protecting classified materials aimed at allowing the trial of Oliver North to proceed
The Commons votes to prosecute war criminals
Is tried and executed with Elena Ceausescu.
Voyager 2 images reveal Triton's distinctive dimpled terrain and complex icy geology.
Voyager 2 passes close to Triton after its Neptune encounter and returns detailed surface observations.
Voyager 2 reveals Triton's icy surface, plumes and unusual terrain.
Voyager 2 imagery reveals active dark plumes rising above Triton's nitrogen-ice surface.
Security forces reinforce Lhasa as martial law restrictions take effect.
The meeting signals growing contact between government and Mandela.
The United States presented photographic evidence to the United Nations Security Council to justify its shootdown of two Libyan jet fighters as self-defense, evidence the Libyan ambassador said was faked
Receives Council condemnation of Israeli deportations of Palestinian civilians.
Handles another Council resolution against deportations from the occupied territories.
The Berlin wall falls & demonstrations of German unity are held in the DDR
The German Democratic Republic collapses
Agrees with southern leaders on steps toward Yemeni unification.
The US Navy F-14s shoot down 2 Libyan jet fighters over Mediterranean
Takes a seat in the USSR Supreme Soviet after a deputy yields a place to him.
President Gust v Hus k nominates a new federal cabinet, headed by Ladislav Adamec
Alexander Dubcek is elected speaker of the federal Parliament on December 28 and Vaclav Havel the President of Czechoslovakia on December 29 1989
Alexander Dubcek is elected speaker of the federal Parliament on December 28 and Vaclav Havel the President of Czechoslovakia on December 29 1989
The Berlin Wall falls and the citizens of Czechoslovakia can see the events every day on TV (both foreign and domestic)
Fall of the Berlin Wall
On the eve of International Students Day, 50th anniversary of death of Jan Opletal murdered by Nazi occupiers during World War II, Slovak students demonstrate
Beginning of the Velvet Revolution in Czech
The Socialist Union of Youth (SSM/SZM, proxy of Communist Party of Czechoslovakia) organize a mass demonstration to commemorate International Students Day
a peaceful student demonstration is severely beaten back by riot police. A peaceful student demonstration in Prague is severely beaten back by the riot police
At the initiative of students from the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague, the students in Prague began a strike, the strike is joined by university students throughout Czechoslovakia
The number of participants in the regular anti-Governmental demonstration in Prague reach 800,000 people
The editorial staff of Slovakias Pravda, the central newspaper of the Communist Party of Slovakia, join the opposition
A general two-hour strike of the population
The Presidium of the Slovak Parliament (Slovak National Council) resigns, it is gradually replaced by non-Communists. The Communist Party of Czech announces it will give up its monopoly of power
Parliament, still dominated by the Communists, removes the article guaranteeing a leadership role to the Communist Party and Marxism as a state ideology from the Constitution
The federal Government decides barbed wire should be removed at the border with Austria (later also at the border with West Germany), and that Czechoslovak citizens do not need "exit visa permits". Czech citizens do not need "exit visa permits" anymore when travelling abroad
Barbed wire is removed from the border with West Germany and Austria. Barbed wire is removed from borders with West Germany. Barbed wire at the border with Austria is removed
President Gust v Hus k nominates a new federal cabinet, headed by Ladislav Adamec. Husak nominates a new federal cabinet, headed by Ladislav Adamec
The Government announces freedom to travel to Austria
Most members of the Government of Czechia were replaced by non-Communists
The Communist President Gust v Hus k appoints the first largely non-communist Government in Czechoslovakia since 1948, and resigns
Peoples Militia is abolished, & their weapons confiscated by the army
Bloodless revolution in Czech that sees the overthrow of the communist Government
Milos Jakes is replaced by puppet politician Karel Urb nek as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
Vietnam completes troop withdrawal from Cambodia
Mitterand visits Hans Modrow in East Berlin & delay the fall of the Berlin Wall
Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze wraps up four days of high-level talks in China, the first visit by a Soviet Foreign Minister in three decades
Thatcher visits Japan
Mitterand visits Gorbachev in Kiev to try & delay the fall of the Berlin Wall
Mitterand visits Gorbachev in Kiev to to try & delay the fall of the Berlin Wall
Mitterand visits Hans Modrow in East Berlin to try & delay the fall of the Berlin Wall
The 1st Soviet leader to visit the Vatican
Voyager 2 makes the first and only spacecraft flyby of Neptune.
Voyager 2's wide-angle imaging camera is switched off after completion of its planetary photography.
3rd person in history after Churchill & Lafayette to address the US Congress
Shares in the regional water companies begin trading following privatisation.
Death of Bette Davis
Death of Donald George "Don"Revie
Death of Emperor Hirohito
Death of Hu Yaobang. Death of Hua Yaobang
Death of Konrad Zacharias Lorenz, Lorenz has been called The father of ethology
Death of Laurence Olivier
Death of Nicolae Ceausescu
Death of Robert Ouko, assassinated
Death of Ruhollah Khomeini
Death of Salvador Dali
Death of Thomas Bernhard, Austrian novelist and playwright
Provenance
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