Death of Gerhard Schroder
Death of Gerhard Schroder
Historical events in 1990
940 historical records
January 199027 historical events
Fourth Irish EEC Presidency
Begins Ireland's fourth Council Presidency during a period of rapid political change in Europe.
1st Black NYC Mayor
Appointed Mayor of New York, 1st black NYC Mayor
Mayor
Appointed Mayor of New York, 1st black NYC Mayor
Voyager Interstellar Mission Begins
The Voyager Interstellar Mission formally begins after completion of the spacecrafts' planetary encounters.
Secretary of State for Employment
Appointed Minister for Employment
Resignation of Norman Fowler
Resigns from the Cabinet for family reasons
Death of Alberto Lleras Camargo
Death of Alberto Lleras Camargo
Death of Terry Thomas
Death of Terry Thomas
Constitutional Reform
al-Bakhit participates in constitutional reform connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
1st African-American Governor
1st elected African-American Governor in the United States
Election
1st elected African-American Governor in the United States
Bombing of Iraq
The Gulf War began with an extensive aerial bombing campaign on 16 January 1991. For forty-two consecutive days and nights, the coalition forces subjected Iraq to the most intensive air bombardment in military history. The coalition flew over 100,000 sorties, dropping 88,500 tons of bombs,102 and widely destroying military and civilian infrastructure
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Is inducted with The Kinks into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Arrest of Faisal al-Husseini
Israeli authorities arrest Husseini after alleging direct involvement in organizing the uprising, drawing criticism from diplomatic observers.
Film
Death of Ava Lavinia Gardner
Death of Ava Gardner
Death of Ava Gardner
Constitution of Bulgaria
Reform begins at the Bulgarian Communist Party's "Congress of Renewal"
Reform of Local Taxation
The Department of the Environment estimates the Community Charge will average 340 pounds. Dept of the Environment estimates for the Charge are double original estimates
Taylor Report
The Football League in England and the Scottish Football League introduces regulations that clubs in the highest divisions (top 2 divisions in the English system must comply to the Taylor recommendations.
Taylor Report
The Taylor Report is synonymous with the recommendation that all major stadia convert to an all-seater model, that all ticketed spectators have seats, as opposed to some or all being obliged to stand.
Taylor Report
The final report is published in January 1990.
Christian Social Party Leadership
Juncker began leading the Christian Social Peopleโs Party, a position he held while serving in government and participating in European integration debates.
Economy of Poland
Price controls are lifted & Government subsidies are eliminated. Currency made convertible with exchange set at black market rate
Reform of Government
President de Klerk & Nelson Mandela hold talks
Reform of Political System
President de Klerk & Nelson Mandela hold talks
Supreme Soviet Chairman
Niyazov becomes Chairman of the Supreme Soviet before the presidency is created
February 199037 historical events
Constitution of Bulgaria
The Eighth all-Communist Government is formed
ANC
Announces lifting the 30 yr ANC ban, prohibited since Sharpville in 1960
PAC
Announces lifting the 30 yr PAC ban, prohibited since Sharpville in 1960
ANC
de Klerk announces lifting the 30 yr ANC ban, prohibited since Sharpville in 1960
Crisis
Announces increased compensation to farmers affected by BSE
Constitution of Russia
The Cental Committee of the CP in USSR votes to end the CP political monopoly
Provisional Council of National Unity
Iliescu chairs the expanded provisional governing council before elections.
Indian Rope Chart Debut
The Charlatans make their first UK chart appearance with Indian Rope.
Galileo Venus Flyby
Galileo flies past Venus for a gravity assist on its journey to Jupiter and obtains additional planetary observations.
Venus Cloud Observations
Galileo instruments observe Venus's clouds and atmospheric properties during the spacecraft's gravity-assist encounter.
Soyuz TM-9 Launch
Launches with Aleksandr Balandin for a long-duration expedition focused on scientific research, maintenance and continued station development.
Arrest of Nelson Mandela
Mandela is released from prison after 27yrs
Arrest of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela
Mandela is released from prison after 27yrs
Freedom after Twenty-Seven Years
Ends more than twenty-seven years of imprisonment.
Release from Prison
Walks free from Victor Verster Prison.
Prime Minister of Sweden
Appointed Prime Minister of Sweden
Pale Blue Dot
Persuades NASA to command Voyager 1 to photograph Earth from beyond Neptune.
Solar System Family Portrait
Voyager 1 photographs a family portrait of the Solar System at Sagan's long-standing urging.
Voyager 1 Cameras Off
Voyager 1's imaging cameras are switched off after completion of the Solar System family portrait.
The Nasty Girl
Directs Das schreckliche Madchen.
Election
Elected President of Namibia, Namibias 1st President
President of Namibia
Appointed President of Namibia, Namibias 1st President
Election
The Liberal Democrat Party wins the election
Independence of Namibia
The Republic of Namibia becomes an independent state
Independence of Namibia
The Republic of Namibia becomes an independent state. South Africa withdraws from Namibia
Independence of South Africa
The Republic of Namibia becomes an independent state. South Africa withdraws from Namibia
Strike
The ambulance dispute is settled
Election
The Nationalists defeat the Communists
Election
The US backed coalition defeats Ortegas Sandanista Government
Election
The US backed coalition defeats Ortegas Sandanista Government
Independence of Czech Republic
Russia agrees to withdraw troops from Czech by July 1991
Independence of Czechoslovakia
Russia agrees to withdraw troops from Czech by July 1991
Independence of Russia
Russia agrees to withdraw troops from Czech by July 1991
Governor-General Takes Office
Vincent Eri becomes Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
Prime Minister of Japan
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, 2nd term
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Communist Party
Resignation of Petur Mladenov
Announces he cannot be both President & Pary Leader of the Bulgarian Communist Party
March 199054 historical events
Inauguration
Sworn in as President after winning the election of 26 November 1989
President of Uruguay
Appointed President of Uruguay
Transfer of Power
Julio Maria Sanguinetti hands over the presidency to Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera
ANC Deputy Presidency
Is elected deputy president of the newly unbanned ANC.
Senior ANC Leadership
Takes a central role in negotiations with the government.
Prime Minister of Tunisia
Hamed Karoui became prime minister of Tunisia.
Sound and Vision Tour
Begins the Sound and Vision tour, promoted as a final outing for many of his older hits.
Election
Announces he will leave the Cabinet in May & not contest the general election
Resignation of Peter Walker
Announces he will leave the Cabinet in May & not contest the general election
Scandal
Suspended from the House of Commons for not declaring his business interests
Coup
Forced to resign during a coup
Resignation of Prosper Avril
Forced to resign during a coup
Resignation of Augusto Jose Ramon Pinochet Ugarte
Transfers presidential power to Patricio Aylwin after seventeen years of military rule.
Democratic Transition
Begins the first elected civilian government after the military regime.
President of Chile
Takes office as President of Chile and restores elected civilian government.
President of Lithuania
Appointed President of Lithuania
Constitution of Russia
Lithuania declares independence in accordance with its constitution of 1938
Independence of Lithuania
Lithuania becomes the 1st republic to declare independence
Independence of Lithuania
Lithuania declares independence in accordance with its constitution of 1938
Independence of Russia
Lithuania becomes the 1st republic to declare independence
Independence of Russia
Lithuania declares independence in accordance with its constitution of 1938
President of Haiti
Appointed President of Haiti
Election
Elected President of Lithuania
Independence of Lithuania
Lithuania declares independence from Russia
Dismissal
Peres dismissal by Shamir leads to the fall of the Government
Dismissal
Peres dismissal by Shamir leads to the fall of the Government
Resignation of Dick Douglas
Resigns the party whip
Constitution of Russia
Sworn in as the 1st executive President of the USSR
Inauguration
Sworn in as the 1st executive President of the USSR
Constitution of Germany
The 1st free elections are held in the DDR
Election
The 1st free elections are held in the DDR
Election
Appointed Prime Minister of the GDR after winning the elections
Prime Minister of Germany
Appointed Prime Minister of the GDR after winning the elections
Budget
Presents the Budget Statement to the House of Commons
National Assembly
Appointed President of China, by the National Assembly
President of Taiwan
Appointed President of China, by the National Assembly
Election
The Tories lose Mid-Staffordshire after holding it with a majority of over 19,000. Labour win the Mid-Staffordshire by-election
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament for Mid-Staffordshire, overturns Tory majority of 14,654
Independence of Lithuania
Warns Lithuania to withdraw its declaration of independence but it refuses
Independence of Russia
Warns Lithuania to withdraw its declaration of independence but it refuses
Retirement
Announces decision to retire
Invasion of Lithuania
Russia sends in the tanks to discourage secession
Invasion of Lithuania
Russia sends in the tanks to discourage secession
Member of Parliament
Wins the nomination to stand as the Labour candidate for Hampstead & Highgate
Congressional Gold Medal
Awarded the Congressional Gold Medal by George HW Bush
Honours
Awarded the Congressional Gold Medal by George HW Bush
Poll Tax Riot
Poll Tax demonstrations in Trafalgar Square lead to arrests and damage.
Poll Tax Riot
The anti-poll-tax demonstration turns violent in Trafalgar Square.
Poll Tax Riot
Anti-poll-tax campaigning feeds the mass London demonstration.
Budget
Delivers the budget in the House of Commons
Election
Radical groups win in the cities & many prominent party officials are defeated. Gorbachev is elected for the third time in eighteen months to a position equivalent to Soviet head of state. "Democratic Russia" wins 85% of the seats in the Congress of Peoples Deputies. "Democratic Russia" wins 56% of seats in the city soviet
President of Russia
Gorbachev is elected for the third time in eighteen months to a position equivalent to Soviet head of state
Election to Russian Congress
Wins election to the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR.
Presidential Election Victory
Mugabe wins the first direct presidential election under the executive system.
April 199027 historical events
Reform of Local Taxation
The Community Charge takes effect in England & Wales
New Presidential Term
Mugabe begins a new presidential term after the national election.
Presidential Election Victory
Mugabe wins Zimbabwe's presidential election and begins another term.
Election
Mladenovs reformed Communist Party wins a narrow majority in Parliament
Head of State
Appointed Head of State for the GDR
Barcelona Copa del Rey as Coach
Coaches Barcelona to a 2-0 Copa del Rey final victory over Real Madrid, delivering an important trophy during the early construction of his Dream Team.
Songs for Drella
Releases Songs for Drella with John Cale, a tribute to Andy Warhol.
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Council of Minister's for the GDR
Prime Minister of Germany
Sworn in as Prime Minister of the GDR
Massacre
The Kremlin admits to the massacre of 15,000 Polish army officers by the NKVD in 1940
Death of Greta Garbo
Death of Greta Garbo
Legislation
44 Conservative MPs rebel against the Hong Kong Citizenship Bill
Reballion of Conservative MPs
44 Conservative MPs rebel against the Hong Kong Citizenship Bill
Restoration of Multiparty Politics
Mobutu announces an end to the formal one-party system and permits political pluralism.
Head of State Takes Office
Nazarbayev becomes republican head of state before independence
President Created
Nursultan Nazarbayev becomes President of the Kazakh SSR
Hubble Space Telescope
The Hubble Space Telescope, named in honour of astronomer Edwin Hubble, is launched aboard Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-31. It is deployed into orbit the following day.
Rettig Commission
Creates the National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation to investigate deaths and disappearances.
Head of State Takes Office
Mircea Snegur becomes Chairman of the Supreme Soviet before the presidency is created
Special Dublin European Council
Represents Germany at the special European Council discussing German unification and the changing political order in Europe.
German Unity in European Community
Links German unification with continued commitment to European integration during the special Dublin meeting.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
The Who are inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Special Dublin European Council
Represents Greece as leaders discuss German unification and Europe's changing political order.
Special Dublin European Council
Hosts the special European Council that agrees a common approach to German unification.
German Unity and European Integration
Supports linking German unification with continued progress toward deeper European integration.
Special Dublin European Council
Represents Italy at the special European Council discussing German unification and Europe's changing political order.
Martial Law
China announces the lifting of martial law in Lhasa after more than a year.
May 199031 historical events
Independence of Estonia
Estonia votes to secede from the USSR
Independence of Latvia
Latvia votes to secede from the USSR
Independence of Russia
Estonia votes to secede from the USSR
Independence of Russia
Latvia votes to secede from the USSR
ANC
Negotiations began with a meeting between the African National Congress and the South African Government at the presidential residence, Groote Schuur. Groote Schuur Minute, a commitment to the resolution of the climate of violence and intimidation as well as the removal of practical obstacles to negotiations including indemnity from prosecution for returning exiles & release of political prisoners
Groote Schuur Minute
Groote Schuur Minute, a commitment to the resolution of the climate of violence and intimidation as well as the removal of practical obstacles to negotiations including indemnity from prosecution for returning exiles & release of political prisoners
First Manchester United FA Cup
Wins his first Manchester United trophy as the club defeat Crystal Palace 1-0 in the final replay.
Rishon LeZion Killings Condemned
Arafat condemns the killing of Palestinian laborers near Rishon LeZion as the incident triggers renewed protests across the occupied territories.
Romanian Presidential Election
Iliescu wins Romania's first post-communist presidential election.
Presidential Election
Wins Romania's first post-communist presidential election.
Hubble First Light
Westphal's Wide Field and Planetary Camera team obtains Hubble's first image, demonstrating sharper resolution than typical ground-based observations.
Republic of Yemen Established
The Republic of Yemen is formally proclaimed.
Unification of Yemen
Becomes president when North and South Yemen unite.
Southern Leadership Joins Union Government
Represents former South Yemen in the new leadership structure.
Vice Presidency after Unification
Becomes vice president of the unified Republic of Yemen.
Governor Appointed
David G. P. Taylor becomes Governor of Montserrat
Government
Forms a centre right Government
Prime Minister of Hungary
Appointed Prime Minister of Hungary
Prime Minister Takes Office
Mircea Druc becomes Prime Minister during Moldova's late Soviet transition
Election Ignored
Military council refuses to transfer power after opposition election victory
Constitutional Amendments
A Loya Jirga amends the constitution, strengthens Islamic provisions, and removes remaining communist terminology.
Takes Leadership of Russian Parliament
Assumes leadership of the Russian Supreme Soviet after a closely contested parliamentary ballot.
Chairman of Russian Supreme Soviet
Is elected Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR on the third ballot.
Kristall Module Launch
Monitors preparations aboard Mir as the Kristall materials-processing and biotechnology module launches toward the orbital complex.
Lubumbashi University Violence Crisis
Faces domestic and international criticism after security forces are accused of killing students at Lubumbashi University.
European Environment Agency
Leads the Irish Presidency when the Community formally establishes the European Environment Agency.
While in the USA informs the Americans that Russia needs $20 bilion
While in the USA informs the Americans that Russia needs $20 bilion over 3 years
Speaker
The turning point in Yeltsins career, he skillfully lobbies the Russian Federations Supreme Soviet (legislature) to elect him - over Gorbachevs prefered candidate - as its Speaker
Visit to Moscow
Visits the USA & is offerred financial aid
Negotiations
Negotiations between Mandela & de Klerk begin
Negotiations
Negotiations between Mandela & de Klerk begin
June 199064 historical events
Threshold Test Ban Verification Protocol
Signs verification protocols strengthening implementation of the Threshold Test Ban and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions treaties.
US Soviet Chemical Weapons Destruction Accord
Signs a bilateral agreement with Mikhail Gorbachev providing for destruction and non-production of chemical weapons.
The Only One I Know Top Ten
The Only One I Know reaches number nine on the UK singles chart and becomes The Charlatans' breakthrough hit.
Dissolution
Announces the dissolution of the SDP, continues as an Independent Social Democrat
Dissolution
David Owen announces the dissolution of the SDP
Dissolution
The SDP continues as the Independent Social Democrats. David Owen announces the dissolution of the SDP
Reform of Parliament
The House of Lords rejects the War Crimes Bill
Election
Elected President of the Ukraine
State of Emergency
Announces an end to the 4 yr state of national emergency, except for Natal
Free Elections
Czechoslovakia holds free parliamentary elections.
Constitution of Russia
Russian Parliament votes its laws take precedence over the USSR
Election
Yeltsin is elected President of Russia, the largest Republic
Election
Havel's Civic Forum and its Slovak allies win 170 out of 300 seats. first genuine free elections for 40 yrs
Kristall Module Docking
Supervises station operations as Kristall docks automatically with Mir, expanding materials science, biotechnology and future docking capabilities.
Election
Elected President of Peru
Long-Range Goal Against South Korea
Strikes Belgium's second goal from distance in the 64th minute to secure a 2-0 World Cup victory over South Korea.
Opening Goal Against South Korea
Breaks the deadlock in the 53rd minute as Belgium begin their 2-0 World Cup victory over South Korea.
Government
Forms a new right-wing Government
Sovereignty Vote Put to Congress
Places the Declaration of State Sovereignty before the Russian Congress, which adopts it by an overwhelming majority.
Constitution of Russia
The Russian Federation declares itself a sovereign state
Russian Sovereignty Declaration
Leads the Russian Congress as it adopts the Declaration of State Sovereignty, asserting the supremacy of Russian law.
World Cup Goal Against Soviet Union
Scores Argentina's second goal to secure a 2-0 World Cup victory over the Soviet Union.
World Cup Goal Against Soviet Union
Scores Argentina's opening goal in the 2-0 World Cup group-stage victory over the Soviet Union.
Mineriad
Faces controversy after miners attack Bucharest protesters.
Prime Minister of Russia
Appointed Prime Minister of Russia
World Cup Goal Against Uruguay
Scores the opening goal as Belgium defeat Uruguay 3-1 at the World Cup.
World Cup Goal Against Uruguay
Scores Belgium's third goal in the 3-1 World Cup group-stage victory over Uruguay.
Treaty of Schengen
Eyskens endorses the detailed Convention governing visas, frontiers and cooperation between national authorities. Belgian officials favour gradual implementation backed by shared security measures.
Treaty of Schengen
In Belgium, Tobback supports stronger external-border and policing safeguards accompanying freer internal movement. Belgian policy links freer movement with close Benelux cooperation.
Treaty of Schengen
During the Schengen process, Wathelet supports the legal framework established by the Schengen Implementing Convention. The Belgian approach combines mobility with common visa and policing rules.
Treaty of Schengen
Leads Belgium when the five founding states sign the Convention implementing the 1985 Schengen Agreement.
Treaty of Schengen
Dumas endorses the 1990 Convention defining common rules on borders, visas and cooperation between authorities. The French approach stresses both free movement and compensating security measures.
Treaty of Schengen
In France, Joxe backs stronger external-frontier controls and security cooperation to offset removal of internal checks. French policy couples freer movement with stronger police coordination.
Treaty of Schengen
During the Schengen process, Rocard leads France when the implementing Convention establishes detailed rules for a border-free Schengen area. French officials link border removal with operational law-enforcement cooperation.
Schengen Implementing Convention
Heads the German government when the five original Schengen states sign the convention implementing border-free travel arrangements.
Treaty of Schengen
During the Schengen process, Kohl leads Germany when the implementing Convention establishes detailed rules for a border-free Schengen area. German officials emphasise reliable information-sharing between national authorities.
Treaty of Schengen
Genscher backs the detailed 1990 Convention regulating visas, frontiers and cooperation between national authorities. The German approach combines mobility with coordinated frontier safeguards.
Treaty of Schengen
In Germany, Schauble supports stronger common external-border and security arrangements accompanying free internal movement. German policy links open internal borders with stronger external controls.
Treaty of Schengen
van den Broek endorses the Convention's detailed rules for visas, frontier management and cross-border cooperation. The Dutch approach combines mobility with common security safeguards.
Treaty of Schengen
In Netherlands, Hirsch Ballin backs the security and external-border measures needed to accompany freer movement inside Schengen. Dutch policy stresses coordinated justice, policing and migration procedures.
Treaty of Schengen
During the Schengen process, Lubbers leads Netherlands when the implementing Convention establishes detailed rules for a border-free Schengen area. Dutch officials favour shared information systems alongside open internal borders.
President of Romania
Iliescu takes office as elected president.
Independence of Russia
Uzbekistan declares independence
Independence of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan declares independence
World Cup Goal Against Spain
Scores Belgium's goal in the 2-1 World Cup group-stage defeat by Spain.
World Cup Winning Goal Against Brazil
Rounds the goalkeeper and scores the only goal as Argentina eliminate Brazil from the World Cup.
World Cup Assist Against Brazil
Dribbles through the Brazilian midfield before setting up Claudio Caniggia for the winning goal.
Bombing of Carlton Club
The IRA bomb the Carlton Club
IRA - Bombing of Carlton Club
Government record concerning the IRA: The IRA bomb the Carlton Club
IRA - Bombing of Carlton Club
Historical IRA record under Conservative Party Government: The IRA bomb the Carlton Club
IRA - Bombing of Carlton Club
IRA context for Margaret Hilda Thatcher: The IRA bomb the Carlton Club
IRA
The IRA bomb the Carlton Club
Political Union Conference Decision
Supports the decision to begin an intergovernmental conference on political union.
Dublin European Council
Hosts the European Council as leaders agree to launch conferences on political union and monetary union.
Extra-Time Goal Against Belgium
Scores a late extra-time volley as England eliminate Belgium 1-0 from the World Cup.
First Calfa Government
The First Calfa Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Second Calfa Government
Begins the Second Calfa Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Prime Minister
Becomes Slovak prime minister after democratic elections.
Hubble Mirror Spherical Aberration
NASA identifies spherical aberration in Hubble's primary mirror, explaining the blurred appearance of the telescope's early images.
Quarter-Final Penalty Shootout Saves
Saves two penalties as Argentina eliminate Yugoslavia in the World Cup quarter-final shootout.
Dublin Political Union Initiative
Mitterrand supported parallel negotiations on political union alongside plans for economic and monetary union.
President of Russia
Appointed Member of Presidential Council
KGB (Committee for State Security)
Putin was recalled to the Soviet Union and returned to Leningrad, where in June 1991 he assumed a position with the International Affairs section of Leningrad State University, reporting to Vice Rector Yuriy Molchanov
Leningrad State University
Putin was recalled to the Soviet Union and returned to Leningrad, where in June 1991 he assumed a position with the International Affairs section of Leningrad State University, reporting to Vice Rector Yuriy Molchanov
July 199065 historical events
EMU Stage One
The first stage of Economic and Monetary Union began under the programme developed by the Delors Committee.
Death of Ivan Alexandrovich Serov
Death of Ivan Alexandrovich Serov
World Cup Semi-Final Equaliser
Heads Argentina level against Italy before the team advance through a penalty shootout.
Semi-Final Penalty Saves
Saves two penalties as Argentina eliminate host nation Italy in the semi-final shootout.
World Cup Semi-Final Booking
Catches Thomas Berthold and is booked, which meant that he would be suspended for the World Cup Final if England won the match, Gascoigne is shattered by this and his subsequent tears became one of footballs most enduring images.
World Cup Semi-Final Equalizer Context
England play West Germany in the World Cup semi-final, after going 1-0 down early in the second half, Gascoignes Spurs team-mate Gary Lineker equalises for England with ten minutes remaining to force extra time.
World Cup Semi-Final Shootout
The West Germany match culminates in a penalty shoot-out with Gascoigne originally intended to take the third kick, which was scored by Platt, but the Germans eventually won and England failed to reach the final.
Appointment as Prime Minister
Mobutu appoints Lunda Bululu during the transition toward multiparty politics.
Multiparty Reform Announced
Announces plans to move Rwanda toward multiparty politics.
Political Liberalisation Promised
Political reform follows mounting domestic and international pressure.
Resignation of Petur Mladenov
Resigns after making a broadcast advocating tanks against demonstrators in 1989
Trial
Declares in front of the Iran-Contra hearings his actions were sanctioned by superiors
1990 FIFA World Cup Final - Pedro Monzรณn
Pedro Monzรณn came on during the final but was sent off, becoming the first player dismissed in a menโs World Cup final.
1990 FIFA World Cup Final - Gustavo Dezotti
Gustavo Dezotti was sent off late in Argentinaโs 1โ0 defeat as the final ended with the defending champions reduced to nine players.
1990 FIFA World Cup Final - Sergio Goycochea
Sergio Goycochea defended Argentinaโs goal until a late penalty ended the teamโs hopes of retaining the World Cup.
World Cup Winner
Lothar Matthรคus captains West Germany to a 1-0 final victory over Argentina and lifts the World Cup in Rome.
World Cup Final Penalty
Scores the late penalty that gives West Germany victory over Argentina in the final.
World Cup Winner
Andreas Brehme scores the late penalty against Argentina that wins the 1990 World Cup final for West Germany.
World Cup Winner
Guido Buchwald contributes a disciplined defensive performance as West Germany shuts out Argentina in the 1990 World Cup final.
1990 FIFA World Cup Final - Jรผrgen Kohler
Jรผrgen Kohler helped the West German back line keep Argentina scoreless through ninety minutes of the 1990 final.
World Cup Winner
Jรผrgen Kohler uses his strength and anticipation in West Germanyโs 1990 final against Argentina. His central defending contributes to a 1-0 win in Rome.
1990 FIFA World Cup Final - Thomas Berthold
Thomas Berthold provided defensive width while West Germany pressed for the goal that would settle the tight final.
World Cup Winner
Thomas Berthold supplies disciplined defensive play for West Germany through the 1990 tournament. He completes the final against Argentina as the side becomes world champion for a third time.
World Cup Winner
Jรผrgen Klinsmann works tirelessly along West Germany's forward line in the final, helping sustain pressure on Argentina's defence.
World Cup Winner
Karl-Heinz Riedle offers an aerial threat as part of West Germanyโs championship-winning squad in 1990. He makes important contributions earlier in the tournament before the final against Argentina.
World Cup Winner
Rudi Vรถller is brought down in the Argentine penalty area late in the 1990 final, leading to Andreas Brehme's winning kick.
World Cup Winner
Bodo Illgner keeps a clean sheet against Argentina in the 1990 final. The West German goalkeeper remains composed through a tense contest that ends with a late penalty.
Germany World Cup Title Manager
Becomes a World Cup winner as manager after previously lifting the trophy as captain.
World Cup Winner
Franz Beckenbauer coaches West Germany to the 1990 title after previously lifting the trophy as captain in 1974. His team keeps Argentina scoreless in a closely contested Rome final.
Germany World Cup Captain
Captains West Germany to its third World Cup title.
1990 FIFA World Cup Final - Lothar Matthรคus
Lothar Matthรคus captained West Germany during a defensively controlled 1โ0 final win over Argentina in Rome.
World Cup Winner
Pierre Littbarski starts the 1990 final and moves intelligently across West Germanyโs attacking midfield. His experience helps the side manage a tense championship match against Argentina.
World Cup Winner
Thomas Hรครler gives West Germany creativity between the lines during the 1990 World Cup. His passing and movement are useful resources in the squad that defeats Argentina in Rome.
World Cup Golden Boot and Golden Ball
Wins both the Golden Boot and Golden Ball after scoring six tournament goals.
Oka Crisis
Faces the Oka Crisis over land and Indigenous rights.
Leaves the Communist Party
Announces his resignation from the Communist Party at the Twenty-Eighth Party Congress.
Break with the Communist Party
Walks out of the Twenty-Eighth CPSU Congress after announcing his resignation from the Communist Party.
Resignation of Nicholas Ridley
Nicholas Ridley resigns from the Government after the Spectator interview
Resignation of Nicholas Ridley
Nicholas Ridley resigns from the Government after the Spectator interview
Spectator Interview Controversy
Nicholas Ridley resigned from the cabinet following public controversy about remarks in a magazine interview.
Death of Margaret Lockwood
Death of Margaret Lockwood
Independence of Russia
The Ukrainian Parliament votes for sovereignty
Independence of Ukraine
The Ukrainian Parliament votes for sovereignty
Marriage
Yasser Arafat marries Suha At-Taweel
Reform of Taxation
The Government gives ล3,000m to reduce the impact of the poll tax
Iraqi Military Pressure
Military pressure increases after disputes over oil and debt.
Troop Concentration near Kuwait
Masses Iraqi forces near Kuwait during escalating bilateral tensions.
Bombing of Stock Exchange
An IRA bomb explodes at the Stock Exchange
IRA - Bombing of Stock Exchange
Government record concerning the IRA: An IRA bomb explodes at the Stock Exchange
IRA - Bombing of Stock Exchange
Historical IRA record under Conservative Party Government: An IRA bomb explodes at the Stock Exchange
IRA - Bombing of Stock Exchange
IRA context for Margaret Hilda Thatcher: An IRA bomb explodes at the Stock Exchange
IRA
An IRA bomb explodes at the Stock Exchange
Assassination of Ian Reginald Edward Gow
Both Neave and Gow were killed by car bomb attacks in 1979 and 1990 respectively.
Assassination of Ian Reginald Edward Gow
Murdered by the IRA
Death of Ian Reginald Edward Gow
Death of Ian Gow, assassinated by the IRA
IRA - Assassination
Government record concerning the IRA: Murdered by the IRA
IRA - Assassination
Historical IRA record under Conservative Party Government: Murdered by the IRA
IRA - Assassination
IRA context for Ian Reginald Edward Gow: Murdered by the IRA
Assassination of Ian Reginald Edward Gow
Ian Gow is killed by an IRA car bomb
IRA - Assassination
Government record concerning the IRA: Ian Gow is killed by an IRA car bomb
IRA - Assassination
Historical IRA record under Conservative Party Government: Ian Gow is killed by an IRA car bomb
IRA - Assassination
IRA context for Margaret Hilda Thatcher: Ian Gow is killed by an IRA car bomb
IRA
Ian Gow is killed by an IRA car bomb
Reform of Local Taxation
Sets the standard community charge at 379 pounds. 3 billion pounds extra is found from the Government to keep the community charge below 400 pounds
Perestroika
By the time of the Twenty-Eighth Party Congress in July 1990, the CPSU was regarded by liberals and nationalists of the constituent republics as anachronistic and unable to lead the country
August 199054 historical events
Iraq-Kuwait Talks Collapse
Negotiations fail to resolve territorial, oil and debt disputes.
Jeddah Negotiations
Participates in last-minute talks with Kuwait before the invasion.
Soyuz TM-10 Launch
Launches with Gennadi Strekalov to begin the seventh long-duration expedition aboard the Mir space station.
Invasion Condemned
Supports an emergency Security Council response to the attack.
Constitution of Hungary
Sworn in as President of a new Democratic Republic of Hungary
Inauguration
Sworn in as President of a new Democratic Republic of Hungary
Sanctions
The United Nations Security Council imposes sanctions against Iraq
UN Security Council
The United Nations Security Council imposes sanctions against Iraq
UN Security Council
The United Nations Security Council imposes sanctions against Iraq
United Nations
The United Nations Security Council imposes sanctions against Iraq
Caretaker Government
Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi heads the caretaker government before national elections.
Dismissal of Bhutto Government
President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismisses Benazir Bhutto's government.
Dismissal
Benazir Bhutto's first government is dismissed under presidential dissolution powers.
ANC
The South African Government and the African National Congress extend their consensus to include several new points, the Pretoria Minute includes the suspension of the armed struggle by the ANC and its military wing Umkhonto we Sizwe
Umkhonto We Sizwe
The South African Government and the African National Congress extend their consensus to include several new points, the Pretoria Minute includes the suspension of the armed struggle by the ANC and its military wing Umkhonto we Sizwe
Mandal Commission Implementation
V.P. Singh's government announces implementation of reservations for Other Backward Classes in central government employment.
Operation Desert Shield
Coordinates Saudi and coalition forces during Operation Desert Shield.
Operation Desert Shield
Authorizes coalition forces to deploy in defense of Saudi Arabia.
Operation Desert Shield
Orders major US forces to deploy to Saudi Arabia.
Invasion of Saudi Arabia
Sends US forces to Saudi Arabia to prevent an Iraqi invasion
Operation Desert Shield Ordered
Orders US forces to deploy to Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Defence Deployment
The deployment deters further Iraqi expansion after Kuwait's invasion.
Annexation Decree
Declares Kuwait annexed by Iraq.
Kuwait Claimed as Iraqi Territory
The claim is rejected by the United Nations and most governments.
Iraqi Invasion Condemned
Supports Arab participation in the coalition opposing occupation.
Venus Radar Mapping
Magellan enters Venus orbit and begins radar mapping.
Peace
Iraq makes peace with Iran & accepts all of Irans terms
Peace
Iraq makes peace with Iran & accepts all of Irans terms
Protection of Foreign Nationals
Iraq is told to respect diplomatic and consular protections.
UN Resolution 664
Security Council demands safe departure of foreign nationals from Kuwait.
Tyr
Sings on Tyr, continuing Black Sabbath's late-1980s and early-1990s Tony Martin era.
Maritime Sanctions Enforcement
Naval forces gain authority to inspect shipping linked to Iraq.
UN Resolution 665
Security Council authorizes measures enforcing sanctions by sea.
Supernova 1987A Ring Resolved
Hubble resolves a gaseous ring around Supernova 1987A in unprecedented detail during one of the observatory's earliest science investigations.
Operation Daguet Support
French forces later participate in the coalition ground campaign.
Taif Constitutional Reforms
Parliament and President Elias Hrawi approve constitutional changes derived from the Taif Agreement, rebalancing political powers and formalising equal parliamentary representation between Christians and Muslims.
Iraq-Kuwait Crisis Diplomacy
Arafat pursues diplomacy with Saddam Hussein during the Kuwait crisis while the PLO's position strains relations with several Arab governments.
Saudi Defence Proposal
Saudi leaders instead accept protection from international coalition forces.
Coalition Forces Accepted
Approves deployment of coalition forces after Kuwait's invasion.
Saudi Bases Opened
Saudi territory becomes the main base for liberation operations.
Negotiations
The ANC announce the suspension of the "armed struggle"
Negotiations
The ANC announce the suspension of the "armed struggle"
Exile of Oliver Tambo
Arrested by the South African police, described in the press as the "Black Pimpernel"
Coalition Support
Commits Syria to the international coalition opposing Iraq's occupation.
Coalition Basing Agreement
Helps secure permission for major US deployments protecting the kingdom.
Desert Shield Buildup
Supports the military buildup intended to deter further Iraqi expansion.
Saudi Deployment Discussions
Helps secure Saudi acceptance of large US force deployments.
Saudi Security Mission
Meets Saudi leaders during the early Gulf crisis.
Coalition Force Planning
Advises the president during the coalition military buildup.
Coalition Military Planning
Advises Bush during the coalition military buildup.
Military Advice on Kuwait Crisis
Supports overwhelming force for any operation liberating Kuwait.
Coalition Headquarters Established
Organizes multinational forces preparing to protect Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.
Desert Shield Command
Commands US Central Command during Operation Desert Shield.
Desert Shield Command
Commands US Central Command during the defensive buildup.
September 199034 historical events
President Takes Office
Mircea Snegur becomes President of the Moldovan SSR
General
Appointed General Secretary of the Arab League
Resignation of Geoffrey Palmer
Resigns as Prime Minister of New Zealand
Prime Minister of New Zealand
Appointed Prime Minister of New Zealand
Ragged Glory
Releases Ragged Glory with Crazy Horse, renewing his reputation for loud electric guitar rock.
Assassination of Samuel Doe
Beaten to death by rebel troops
Death of Samuel Doe
Death of Samuel Doe
During a speech in a special joint session of the US Congress
During a speech in a special joint session of the US Congress given on 11 September 1990, US President George H.
George Herbert Walker Bush International Relations
W.
It was then that I decided to act to check that aggression
It was then that I decided to act to check that aggression.".
Visit to To Saudi Arabia where King Fahd requested
US Defense Secretary Dick Cheney made the first of several visits to Saudi Arabia where King Fahd requested US military assistance.
Joint Session Gulf Address
Addresses Congress on the international response to Iraq.
Joint Session Gulf Speech
Explains coalition objectives to a joint session of Congress.
Kuwait Liberation Objectives
Insists Iraq must withdraw and Kuwait's government be restored.
During a speech in a special joint session of the US Congress
During a speech in a special joint session of the US Congress given on 11 September 1990, US President George H.
It was then that I decided to act to check that aggression
It was then that I decided to act to check that aggression.".
Richard Bruce Dick Cheney International Relations
W.
Visit to To Saudi Arabia where King Fahd requested
US Defense Secretary Dick Cheney made the first of several visits to Saudi Arabia where King Fahd requested US military assistance.
Treaty of Moscow
Britain joins the Allies & east & West Germany in a final settlement with Germany
Humanitarian Food Arrangements
Food assistance is tied to verified humanitarian need.
UN Resolution 666
Security Council addresses humanitarian food supplies for Iraq and Kuwait.
ANC
The National Peace Accord is a critical step toward formal negotiations, signed by representatives of 27 political organisations and national and homeland Governments, and prepares the way for the CODESA negotiations
CODESA
The National Peace Accord is a critical step toward formal negotiations, signed by representatives of 27 political organisations and national and homeland Governments, and prepares the way for the CODESA negotiations
Magellan Radar Mapping
Magellan begins its first radar mapping cycle, imaging the cloud-hidden surface of Venus at far higher resolution than previous missions.
Diplomatic Missions Protected
Iraq is ordered to protect diplomats and release detained foreigners.
UN Resolution 667
Security Council condemns attacks on diplomatic premises in Kuwait.
Visit to Czechoslovakia
Thatcher visits Czechoslovakia
Visit to Hungary
Thatcher visits Hungary
Economic Assistance Consultation
Affected countries are encouraged to seek economic assistance.
UN Resolution 669
Security Council considers hardship suffered by states enforcing sanctions.
Air Embargo Enforcement
States are required to restrict flights serving Iraq and occupied Kuwait.
UN Resolution 670
Security Council extends sanctions enforcement to air transport.
Restoration of Diplomatic Relations with Iran
Britain resumes diplomatic relations with Iran after the Rushdie affair
Ajax First-Team Debut
Makes his Ajax first-team debut and becomes a long-serving defender for club and country.
October 199053 historical events
Dyatlov Early Release
Is released early on health grounds on 1 October 1990 after serving part of his ten-year sentence.
RPF Invasion of Rwanda
Leads the RPF invasion from Uganda into Rwanda.
Rwandan Civil War Begins
The attack begins the Rwandan civil war.
First Hubble Science Paper
Lauer submits the first science paper based on Hubble observations, studying the core of galaxy NGC 7457.
Constitution of Germany
The German Democratic Republic ceases to exist at midnight
German Democratic Republic
The German Democratic Republic ceases to exist at midnight
Unification
The German Democratic Republic ceases to exist at midnight
Death of Fred Rwigyema
Is killed shortly after the RPF invasion begins.
RPF Commander Killed
His death creates an immediate leadership crisis in the RPF.
German Unification and Community Law
The former East Germany entered the European Community framework through German reunification during Delors's Commission presidency.
Ulysses Launch
Begins the Ulysses mission to explore the heliosphere outside the ecliptic and map the solar wind over a wide range of solar latitudes.
Temple Mount Killings
Faces intensified unrest after Israeli police kill Palestinians at the Temple Mount Haram al Sharif.
Intifada, 1st
The Temple Mount Haram al Sharif killings intensify anger during the First Intifada
Temple Mount Killings
Condemns the Temple Mount Haram al Sharif killings as the uprising intensifies.
Death of John Winston Lennon
On what would have been John Lennons 50th birthday, "Imagine" is broadcast simultaneously in 130 countries
Economy of Great Britain
Inflation rises to 10.9%
Inflation
Inflation rises to 10.9%
UN Security Council Resolution 672
Receives Council condemnation after the Temple Mount Haram al Sharif killings.
UN Security Council Resolution 672
Perez de Cuellar is asked to examine the Jerusalem violence after Resolution 672 condemns acts that caused Palestinian deaths and injuries.
End of Michel Aoun Military Challenge
Lebanese and Syrian forces move against General Michel Aoun's rival administration, forcing him from the presidential palace and removing the principal armed challenge to President Elias Hrawi's government.
Remasters
Oversees the Led Zeppelin boxed set remastering project.
Kagame Returns to Lead RPF
Reorganizes rebel forces after Rwigyema's death.
RPF Command Assumed
Returns from military studies abroad to lead the RPF.
Apartheid
The South African National Party opens its membership to all races
General Election - General Election Defeat
The Pakistan Peoples Party loses the 1990 election to the Islamic Democratic Alliance.
General Election Defeat Election Outcome
General election outcome recorded for Benazir Bhutto: The Pakistan Peoples Party loses the 1990 election to the Islamic Democratic Alliance.
General Election Defeat Government
Government context for this general election: The Pakistan Peoples Party loses the 1990 election to the Islamic Democratic Alliance.
General Election Defeat
The Pakistan Peoples Party loses the 1990 election to the Islamic Democratic Alliance.
General Election - General Election
Nawaz Sharif's alliance wins the general election.
General Election Election Outcome
General election outcome recorded for Nawaz Sharif: Nawaz Sharif's alliance wins the general election.
General Election Government
Government context for this general election: Nawaz Sharif's alliance wins the general election.
General Election
Nawaz Sharif's alliance wins the general election.
UN Security Council Resolution 673
Reports as the Council deplores Israel's refusal to receive a UN mission.
UN Security Council Resolution 673
Perez de Cuellar continues efforts to investigate conditions after Resolution 673 deplores Israel's refusal to receive the Secretary-General's mission.
Rome European Council on EMU
Represents Germany as leaders advance preparations for the second stage of economic and monetary union.
Rome European Council on EMU
Mitsotakis joins the Rome summit as governments design the institutions and timetable for the next monetary-union phase.
Rome Special European Council
Hosts the special European Council that advances plans for political union and monetary union.
Rome EMU Timetable
Supports work on the timetable and institutional design for economic and monetary union.
Rome Monetary Union Discussions
Represents Greek economic policy during negotiations on the institutional design of monetary union.
European Political Union
Supports the Rome conclusions favouring gradual transformation of the Community into a political union.
European Monetary Union
Supports the Rome conclusions advancing the second stage of economic and monetary union.
Election
Non Communist Parties triumph in elections in Georgia & call for independence
Independence of Georgia
Non Communist Parties triumph in elections in Georgia & call for independence
Independence of Russia
Non Communist Parties triumph in elections in Georgia & call for independence
Government
Forms a minority socialist Government
No No No Speech
Rejects proposals for deeper European political union in the House of Commons.
Minister of State for Agriculture
Nitish Kumar serves as Union Minister of State for Agriculture.
Treaty of Re-Unification
East & West Germany sign the re-unification Treaty
Unification
East & West Germany sign the re-unification Treaty
Secretary-General Jerusalem Report
Perez de Cuellar reports to the Security Council on conditions following the October killings at Haram al-Sharif and related unrest.
Pucca Qila Violence
Violence at Pucca Qila deepens ethnic conflict in Sindh.
Presidential Mandate
Presidency is confirmed through a Soviet-era presidential vote
Government Reorganized
Continues as Prime Minister as the presidency is introduced in Turkmenistan
November 199085 historical events
Resignation of Geoffrey Howe
Geoffrey Howe resigns from the Government on 1 November 1990 following major disagreements with Margaret Thatcher over European policy.
Peace Negotiations
al-Bakhit participates in peace negotiations connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
President Takes Office
Niyazov becomes President of the Turkmen SSR
Prime Minister of Norway
Appointed Prime Minister of Norway, 3rd term
Third Gro Harlem Brundtland Government
Begins the Third Gro Harlem Brundtland Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.
Jan P. Syse Government
The Jan P. Syse Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.
President of Austria
Appointed President of the National Council
Assassination of Rabbi Meir Kahane
Convicted in connection to the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, and for the murder of Rabbi Meir Kahane on November 5, 1990
Prime Minister of Pakistan
Nawaz Sharif begins his first term as Prime Minister.
Plot
A gunman opens fire on Gorbachev during the Revolution Day parade
Resignation of Vishwanath Pratap Singh
V.P. Singh's government loses a confidence vote and he resigns as Prime Minister.
President of Ireland
Appointed President of Ireland, the first women President of Ireland
Privileges Committee Chairmanship Ends
Completes his period as chairman of the House of Commons Privileges Committee shortly after leaving the Government.
Bombing of New York
The FBI raid the New Jersey home of Ali Mohammeds associate El Sayyid Nosair, discovering a great deal of evidence of terrorist plots, including plans to blow up New York City skyscrapers
FBI
The FBI raid the New Jersey home of Ali Mohammeds associate El Sayyid Nosair, discovering a great deal of evidence of terrorist plots, including plans to blow up New York City skyscrapers
Al-Qaeda
The FBI raid the New Jersey home of Ali Mohammeds associate El Sayyid Nosair, discovering a great deal of evidence of terrorist plots, including plans to blow up New York City skyscrapers
Bombing of New York
The FBI raid the New Jersey home of Ali Mohammeds associate El Sayyid Nosair, discovering a great deal of evidence of terrorist plots, including plans to blow up New York City skyscrapers
FBI
The FBI raid the New Jersey home of Ali Mohammeds associate El Sayyid Nosair, discovering a great deal of evidence of terrorist plots, including plans to blow up New York City skyscrapers
Additional Forces Ordered
Orders a major increase in US forces deployed to the Gulf.
Offensive Coalition Buildup
The buildup creates an offensive capability to liberate Kuwait.
Prime Minister of India
Chandra Shekhar becomes Prime Minister with outside support from Congress.
Border
Germany & Poland sign a Treaty confirming their border at the Oder-Neisse line
Oder-Neisse Line
Germany & Poland sign a Treaty confirming their border at the Oder-Neisse line
Treaty Negotiations
Germany & Poland sign a Treaty confirming their border at the Oder-Neisse line
Border
Germany & Poland sign a Treaty confirming their border at the Oder-Neisse line
Treaty Negotiations
Germany & Poland sign a Treaty confirming their border at the Oder-Neisse line
Election
Howes resignation speech during the leadership election criticizes Thatcher
Resignation of Geoffrey Howe
Howes resignation speech during the leadership election criticizes Thatcher
Resignation Speech
On 13 November 1990, Howe delivers a resignation speech in the House of Commons criticising Margaret Thatcher's approach to Europe and intensifying pressure on her leadership.
Election
Announces his challenge for the leadership of the Conservative Party.
Dissolution
Dissolves the SDP
UN Negotiations
Khmer Rouge participate in UN-sponsored peace talks
State of Emergency
The State of Emergency is lifted
Election
In the first Conservative leadership ballot Thatcher receives 204 votes and Heseltine 152, forcing a second ballot under the party rules.
Election
Wins 204 votes to Michael Heseltine's 152 in the first leadership ballot but does not achieve the margin required to avoid a second ballot.
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Remains Prime Minister after the first ballot while the Conservative leadership contest proceeds to a second round.
Election
Wins a majority of the party, over 187, but 4 short of stopping a 2nd ballot. Wins 204 votes to Michael Heseltines 152 in the party leadership election. Conservative leadership 1st ballot, Thatcher 204, Heseltine 152 & 16 abstentions
Election
Anounces live on TV she will go forward to the 2nd ballot
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Wins 204 votes to Michael Heseltines 152 in the party leadership election
Election
Announces intention to stand in the 2nd round of the Party leadership ballot
Election
Announces she will not contest the 2nd ballot
Resignation of Margaret Hilda Thatcher
Announces her intention to resign
Britain at the European Core
Argues during the Conservative leadership contest that Britain should remain part of the core of European political and economic cooperation.
Resignation of Margaret Hilda Thatcher
Announces her resignation as Conservative leader and Prime Minister.
Treaty of Schengen
During the Schengen process, Eyskens welcomes Italy's entry into the Schengen arrangements at Paris. Belgium supports wider participation while preserving practical security cooperation.
Treaty of Schengen
Martens helps lead Belgium as Italy signs its agreement to accede to the Schengen Convention. Brussels also stresses coordinated policing and external-border safeguards.
Treaty of Schengen
During the Schengen process, Dumas welcomes Italy into the Schengen arrangements as the original group begins to expand. France supports mobility alongside common visa and security arrangements.
Treaty of Schengen
Rocard helps lead France as Italy signs its agreement to accede to the Schengen Convention. Paris also emphasises effective controls at the Schengen area's external frontier.
Treaty of Schengen
Kohl helps lead Germany as Italy signs its agreement to accede to the Schengen Convention. Bonn also backs intensive police cooperation between participating states.
Treaty of Schengen
During the Schengen process, Genscher backs Italy's Paris accession to the Schengen Convention. Germany supports freer travel alongside common security and visa rules.
Election
In the second leadership ballot Major receives 185 votes, Heseltine 131 and Hurd 56; Heseltine and Hurd then withdraw.
Election
In the second leadership ballot John Major receives 185 votes, Michael Heseltine 131 and Douglas Hurd 56; Heseltine and Hurd subsequently withdraw.
Election
Receives 185 votes in the second ballot; after Heseltine and Hurd withdraw, Major becomes Conservative Party leader.
Election
Wins the Party leadership election, Major 185 votes, Heseltine 131 & Hurd 56
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Conservative Party
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 2nd term
Treaty of Schengen
During the Schengen process, van den Broek welcomes Italy's accession as Schengen begins expanding beyond the original five. The Netherlands links free movement with practical law-enforcement cooperation.
Treaty of Schengen
Lubbers helps lead Netherlands as Italy signs its agreement to accede to the Schengen Convention. The Hague also supports common visa rules and effective external controls.
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the Conservative Party
Government
Asked by the Queen to form a Government
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 1st term
Appointment
Appointed Secretary of State for Environment for a second term.
Resignation of Margaret Hilda Thatcher
Resigns as Prime Minister
Prime Minister
Becomes Prime Minister after Margaret Thatcher resigns.
Force Authorization
Coalition states gain authority to enforce Kuwait's liberation.
Resolution 678 Session
Addresses the Security Council as force authorization is debated.
UN Resolution 678
Security Council authorizes all necessary means after the withdrawal deadline.
Withdrawal Deadline Diplomacy
Continues diplomatic efforts before the January withdrawal deadline.
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer
Chief Secretary
Appointed Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Chief Whip
Appointed Chief Whip
Foreign Secretary of Great Britain
Appointed Foreign Secretary
Home Secretary of Great Britain
Appointed Home Secretary
Minister of Duchy of Lancastr
Appointed Minister of the Duchy of Lancaster
Minister of Education
Appointed Minister of Education & Science
Minister of Energy
Appointed Minister of Energy
Minister of Scotlaand
Appointed Minister for Scotland
Minister of Trade & Industry
Appointed Minister of Trade & Industry
Minister of Transport
Appointed Minister of Transport
Secretary of State for Wales
Appointed Minister for Wales
Secretary of State for Agriculture
Appointed Minister of Agriculture
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointed Minister of Defence
Secretary of State for Health
Appointed Minister of Health
Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Appointed Minister for Northern Ireland
Thatcher Resignation Period
Observes another Conservative leadership crisis as Margaret Thatcher leaves office.
December 199049 historical events
Coup
Habre is deposed by Idriss Deby and flees to Senegal with $11 million
Exile of Hissene Habre
Habre is deposed by Idriss Deby and flees to Senegal with $11 million
Channel Tunnel
The 2 halves of the Channel tunnel are joined
Channel Tunnel
The 2 halves of the Channel tunnel are joined
Channel Tunnel
The 2 halves of the Channel tunnel are joined
Election
Returned as Chancellor in a re-united Germany
Federal Chairman-CDU
Appointed Chancellor of Germany, 2nd term
Presidential Inauguration
Takes office as the first woman to serve as President of Ireland.
First Japanese Visitor Aboard Mir
Arrives aboard Soyuz TM-11 and begins a commercial broadcasting mission as the first Japanese person to visit Mir.
Privatization
Electricity privatization is launched
Community Charge Fundamental Review
Leads the new Major government's fundamental review of the community charge and its relationship with local-government structure and finance.
Chitra Heart Valve
M. S. Valiathan and his multidisciplinary team achieve the first implantation of the indigenous Chitra mechanical heart valve.
Detention Policy Ends
Removes a major humanitarian issue before the withdrawal deadline.
Honours
Made a baronet
Honours
Awarded the Order of Merit
Earth-Moon Imaging by Galileo
During the first Earth flyby, Galileo obtains images of Earth and the Moon for calibration and planetary studies.
First Galileo Earth Flyby
Galileo flies past Earth for a gravity assist that increases its heliocentric speed on the journey to Jupiter.
Election
Wins a landslide election victory. Appointed President of Poland after winning landslide election victory
President of Poland
Appointed President of Poland after winning landslide election victory
Electricity Privatisation
Shares in twelve regional electricity companies begin trading after their flotation.
Compulsory Land Acquisition Policy
Mugabe's government expands legal authority for compulsory land acquisition.
Land Reform Constitutional Amendment
Parliament changes constitutional provisions governing compulsory land acquisition.
Political Union Intergovernmental Conference
Supports opening treaty negotiations on political union alongside the parallel conference on monetary union.
Rome European Council
Represents Greece as leaders open intergovernmental conferences on political union and monetary union.
Rome European Council
Represents Ireland as the intergovernmental conferences on political and monetary union formally open.
Rome European Council
Hosts the European Council that opens intergovernmental conferences on political union and monetary union.
Government
Nominates Bielicki as Prime Minister
Resignation of Tadeusz Mazowiecki
Resigns from office
Rome Intergovernmental Conferences
Mitterrand joined European leaders opening formal negotiations on political union and Economic and Monetary Union.
Rome European Council on Political Union
Backs simultaneous negotiations on political union and economic and monetary union.
Political Union Intergovernmental Conference
Supports the opening of treaty negotiations on European political union.
Monetary Union Intergovernmental Conference
Helps launch negotiations on treaty provisions for economic and monetary union.
Political Union Intergovernmental Conference
Represents Irish foreign policy as negotiations on political union begin.
Political Union Intergovernmental Conference
Supports the opening of treaty negotiations on political union.
Monetary Union Intergovernmental Conference
Helps launch the intergovernmental conference on economic and monetary union.
Election
Wins the presidential election
Resignation of Lothar de Maiziere
Resigns after allegations that he worked for the Stasi
Resignation of Eduard Shevardnadze
Resigns delaring Russia is heading for a dictatorship
UN Security Council Resolution 681
Is asked to monitor implementation of the Fourth Geneva Convention in occupied territories.
UN Security Council Resolution 681
Perez de Cuellar receives a mandate to pursue protection measures for Palestinian civilians under the Fourth Geneva Convention.
Independence of Slovenia
A referendum supports independence for Slovenia
Referendum
A referendum supports independence for Slovenia
Election
1st genuine free elections for 40 yrs
Velvet Revolution
1st genuine free elections for 40 yrs
Border Settlement
Barbed wire is removed from the border with West Germany and Austria
Unification
At the first post-reunification general election Merkel is elected to the Bundestag from a constituency which includes the districts of Nordvorpommern and Regen, as well as the city of Stralsund
Resignation of Wojciech Jaruzelski
Jaruzelski resigns, 4 yrs still to serve
Resignation of Eduard Shevardnadze
With the resignation Foreign Minister Eduard Sheverdnadze, the last major liberal in Gorbachevs circle, Gorbachev is left isolated amongst the hard-liners
First travels to Baghdad to prevent the outbreak of the Gulf War
First travels to Baghdad to prevent the outbreak of the Gulf War
International Caps
Creates Argentina's winning goal against Brazil in the 1990 World Cup round of sixteen with a penetrating run and pass to Claudio Caniggia.
Dรญaz Supports Fiorentina European Campaign
Ramรณn Dรญaz supplies forward experience as Fiorentina compete in the UEFA Cup during a season marked by the final against Juventus.
International Caps
Starts in midfield for Argentina against West Germany in the 1990 World Cup final, maintaining a disciplined role despite the eventual defeat.
X
INXS release the Album, "X"
Prime Minister of Australia
Appointed Prime Minister of Australia, 3rd term
Chancellor
Appointed Chancellor of Austria, 2nd term
Party Leader
Appointed joint Party Leader of the Green Party
Party Leader
Appointed joint Party Leader of the Green Party
Joint Web Project
Helps organize development and promotion of web technology at CERN.
World Wide Web Proposal
Co-authors a formal proposal for the World Wide Web project.
Van der Elst Collects Belgian League Title
Franky Van der Elst provides defensive midfield intelligence as Club Brugge complete another championship-winning campaign.
Ceulemans Adds 1990 League Medal
Jan Ceulemans's experience and strength contribute to Club Brugge winning the 1989โ90 Belgian championship.
President of Serb Democratic Party
Appointed President of the Serb Democratic Party
Serb Democratic Party
Radovan Karadzic founds the Serb Democratic Party aimed at unifying the Bosnian Serb community
President of Brazil
Appointed President of Brazil
Era Dunga
This period in Brazils football history is called "Era Dunga," as according to fans and journalists he symbolized the less than thrilling, slow, and defensive style of the team
World Cup
After a lackluster tournament and the subsequent elimination in the second round by arch rivals Argentina, Dunga is held responsible more so than his teammates for the worst campaign at a World Cup since 1966.
World Cup Quarterfinal Defensive Squad
Benjamin Massina represents Cameroon in the squad that reaches the 1990 World Cup quarter-finals. The tournament sets a new benchmark for African football.
Penalty Levels Quarterfinal Against England
Emmanuel Kundรฉ converts a penalty against England in the 1990 World Cup quarter-final. Cameroon briefly move ahead before two English penalties change the outcome.
Captains Cameroon Historic Quarterfinalists
Stephen Tataw captains Cameroon during their breakthrough World Cup in 1990. His team reaches the last eight before losing to England after extra time.
Goal Against England in Quarterfinal
Eugรจne Ekรฉkรฉ scores to give Cameroon the lead against England in the 1990 World Cup quarter-final. England eventually win 3-2 after extra time.
Opening Goal Upsets Argentina
Franรงois Omam-Biyik heads the only goal as Cameroon shock reigning champions Argentina in the opening match of the 1990 World Cup. The upset becomes one of the tournament's defining results.
International Caps
Scores four times at the 1990 World Cup and helps Cameroon become the first African team to reach the quarter-finals.
Late Double Against Romania
Roger Milla comes off the bench and scores twice to defeat Romania 2-1. The goals help Cameroon advance from the World Cup group stage.
Two Goals Eliminate Colombia
Roger Milla scores twice in extra time against Colombia at the 1990 World Cup. Cameroon become the first African side to reach a men's World Cup quarter-final.
Goalkeeping in World Cup Quarterfinal
Thomas N'Kono starts in goal against England during Cameroon's first World Cup quarter-final. The match ends in a 3-2 extra-time defeat after a dramatic contest.
Cameroon Midfield in Argentina Upset
Andrรฉ Kana-Biyik plays in Cameroon's surprise victory over Argentina at the 1990 World Cup. He is among the players sent off as Cameroon finish the match with nine men.
Creative Midfielder in 1990 Campaign
Cyrille Makanaky brings technical skill to Cameroon's midfield at the 1990 World Cup. The tournament concludes with a memorable quarter-final against England.
World Cup Group Stage Midfield Option
Louis-Paul M'Fรฉdรฉ is part of Cameroon's historic 1990 World Cup squad. Cameroon progress beyond the group stage despite losing their final group match to the Soviet Union.
Attorney General
Appointed Attorney General
Minister of Justice
Appointed Minister of Justice
Member of Parliament
Elected Member of Parliament for Beausejour, New Brunswick
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Liberal Party
Coup
Idriss Deby, a guerilla chief, seizes power in a coup, his Zaghawa tribe dominates the Government and is widely opposed by other Chadians from other regions
President of Chad
Appointed President of Chad
Zaghawa Tribe
Idriss Deby, a guerilla chief, seizes power in a coup, his Zaghawa tribe dominates the Government and is widely opposed by other Chadians from other regions
Gabriela Mistral Prize
Allende received the Gabriela Mistral Inter-American Prize for Culture in recognition of her literary contributions.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Communist China joins the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Economy of China
Communist China joins the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
President of Costa Rica
Appointed President of Costa Rica
Croatia Historical International Debut
Zvonimir Boban plays for Croatia in the early period of its modern national team's emergence, becoming a prominent creative midfielder and future captain in international competition.
Golden Bear for Larks on a String
The film Larks on a String, directed by Jiri Menzel, received the Golden Bear for best film at the 1990 Berlin International Film Festival.
Election
The first democratic elections since 1946 are held in June, 1990, bringing the first completely non-communist Government to Czechoslovakia in over forty years
Velvet Revolution
The first democratic elections since 1946 are held in June, 1990, bringing the first completely non-communist Government to Czechoslovakia in over forty years
Prime Minister of Dominican Republic
Appointed Prime Minister of the Dominican Republic, 2nd term
Ahmed Ramzy - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Ahmed Ramzy formed part of the national squad assembled for the 1990 FIFA World Cup, being chosen as part of the squadโs defensive depth. His selection reflected the emphasis on an organised, competitive team in Egyptโs first World Cup appearance since 1934.
Ashraf Kasem - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Ashraf Kasem took part in the Egyptian campaign at the 1990 FIFA World Cup, supplying a composed defensive presence in the selected squad. Qualification for Italy brought Egyptian football back to the menโs global tournament after a long absence; Ashraf Kasem was in that travelling party.
Hany Ramzy - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Hany Ramzy earned a place in the national team for the 1990 FIFA World Cup, representing a younger generation of Egyptian central defenders. The defender was part of a side that held the Netherlands and Ireland to draws before facing England.
Hesham Yakan - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Hesham Yakan was selected for Egypt during the 1990 FIFA World Cup, giving the squad a defender familiar with major African competitions. Egypt faced three established European national teams in the group, testing a roster that included Hesham Yakan.
Ibrahim Hassan - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Ibrahim Hassan was included in Egyptโs party for the 1990 FIFA World Cup, offering energy down the flank as Egypt faced a difficult group. His selection reflected the emphasis on an organised, competitive team in Egyptโs first World Cup appearance since 1934.
Rabie Yassin - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Rabie Yassin represented Egyptian football as part of the squad at the 1990 FIFA World Cup, adding his established defensive experience to the back line. Although Egypt did not progress beyond the group, the tournament marked a defining moment for the players selected.
Adel Abdelrahman - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Adel Abdelrahman joined the national selection for the 1990 FIFA World Cup, providing pace and an additional presence in the forward group. The forward was part of a side that held the Netherlands and Ireland to draws before facing England.
Ahmed El Kass - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Ahmed El Kass was named to the Egyptian squad at the 1990 FIFA World Cup, being named among the attackers for Egyptโs first World Cup since 1934. Qualification for Italy brought Egyptian football back to the menโs global tournament after a long absence; Ahmed El Kass was in that travelling party.
Ayman Shawky - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Ayman Shawky was called into the group contesting the 1990 FIFA World Cup, adding a different attacking choice to the World Cup party. Although Egypt did not progress beyond the group, the tournament marked a defining moment for the players selected.
Gamal Abdelhamid - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
At the 1990 FIFA World Cup, Gamal Abdelhamid was recognised for bringing his domestic scoring experience to the attack. The forward was part of a side that held the Netherlands and Ireland to draws before facing England.
Hossam Hassan - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Hossam Hassan was selected for Egypt during the 1990 FIFA World Cup, leading Egyptโs forward options against high-level opposition. Egypt faced three established European national teams in the group, testing a roster that included Hossam Hassan.
Ahmed Shoubeir - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Ahmed Shoubeir joined the national selection for the 1990 FIFA World Cup, serving among the goalkeepers entrusted with Egyptโs return to the world stage. The goalkeeper was part of a side that held the Netherlands and Ireland to draws before facing England.
Ayman Taher - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Ayman Taher was named to the Egyptian squad at the 1990 FIFA World Cup, providing another option in the squadโs goalkeeping department. Qualification for Italy brought Egyptian football back to the menโs global tournament after a long absence; Ayman Taher was in that travelling party.
Thabet El Batal - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Thabet El Batal featured among Egyptโs registered players at the 1990 FIFA World Cup, bringing years of domestic experience to the goalkeeping contingent. Egypt faced three established European national teams in the group, testing a roster that included Thabet El Batal.
Alaa Mayhoub - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Alaa Mayhoub was included in Egyptโs party for the 1990 FIFA World Cup, providing attacking invention among the selected midfielders. His selection reflected the emphasis on an organised, competitive team in Egyptโs first World Cup appearance since 1934.
Ismail Youssef - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Ismail Youssef formed part of the national squad assembled for the 1990 FIFA World Cup, providing industry and close marking in central areas. His selection reflected the emphasis on an organised, competitive team in Egyptโs first World Cup appearance since 1934.
Magdy Abdelghani - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
At the 1990 FIFA World Cup, Magdy Abdelghani was recognised for scoring Egyptโs equalising penalty in the 1-1 draw against the Netherlands. Although Egypt did not progress beyond the group, the tournament marked a defining moment for the players selected.
Magdy Tolba - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Magdy Tolba earned a place in the national team for the 1990 FIFA World Cup, being selected among the players available for midfield duties. The midfielder was part of a side that held the Netherlands and Ireland to draws before facing England.
Osama Oraby - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Osama Oraby took part in the Egyptian campaign at the 1990 FIFA World Cup, offering the management another experienced central option. Qualification for Italy brought Egyptian football back to the menโs global tournament after a long absence; Osama Oraby was in that travelling party.
Saber Eid - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Saber Eid represented Egyptian football as part of the squad at the 1990 FIFA World Cup, bringing club experience into Egyptโs tournament preparations. Although Egypt did not progress beyond the group, the tournament marked a defining moment for the players selected.
Taher Abou Zeid - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Taher Abou Zeid featured among Egyptโs registered players at the 1990 FIFA World Cup, adding creativity and shooting ability to the midfield contingent. Egypt faced three established European national teams in the group, testing a roster that included Taher Abou Zeid.
Tarek Soliman - 1990 World Cup Squad Selection
Tarek Soliman was named to the Egyptian squad at the 1990 FIFA World Cup, offering a further midfield option for the matches in Italy. Qualification for Italy brought Egyptian football back to the menโs global tournament after a long absence; Tarek Soliman was in that travelling party.
President of Estonia
Appointed President of Estonia
Government
The Popular Front leader forms a coalition Government
Prime Minister of Estonia
Appointed Prime Minister of Estonia
Nikita
Directs Nikita.
Montpellier French Cup Triumph
Cantona belonged to the Montpellier squad that beat Racing Paris in extra time to win the Coupe de France, adding a domestic cup medal to his early career.
Return to Marseille League Champions
Cantona returned to Marseille during a period of domestic supremacy and competed for an attacking place in a strong title-winning squad.
Reflections on the Revolution in Europe
Publication of "Reflections on the Revolution in Europe"
Departure
Leaves Kraftwerk after years as part of the classic electronic quartet.
Minister of Women and Youth
Merkels party the Demokratischer Aufbruch merges with the west German CDU and she becomes Minister for Women and Youth in Helmut Kohls cabinet
Foreign Secretary of Germany
Appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs for the GDR
Unification
Germany is reunited under the banner of the Federal Republic of Germany
Unification
Lets it be known to Honecker that the army will not fire on the population
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointed Minister of Defence
Agreement on East & |West Germany having a single
Gorbachev agrees to East & |West Germany having a single NATO force
Election
Campaigns in the east, a resounding victory for the CDU
International Agreement at Potsdam
Agrees West Germany's acceptance of the 1945 Potsdam settlement
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Gorbachev agrees to East & |West Germany having a single NATO force
Unification
Supervises the re-unification of Germany
Demokratischer Aufbruch
Merkels party the Demokratischer Aufbruch merges with the west German CDU and she becomes Minister for Women and Youth in Helmut Kohls cabinet
Minister President
Appointed Minister President of Lower Saxony
International Caps
Converts the late penalty against Argentina in the 1990 World Cup final to secure West Germany's third title.
International Caps
Leads West Germany's attack during the 1990 World Cup final and contributes to the team's winning tournament campaign.
Klopp Joins Mainz as Player
Klopp joins Mainz 05 and begins an exceptionally long playing association with the club in Germany's second tier.
International Caps
Wins the penalty converted by Andreas Brehme in the 1990 World Cup final after being challenged in the box.
Bundesliga Title Retained Under Heynckes
Jupp Heynckes oversees Bayernโs successful defence of the Bundesliga championship during the 1989-90 season.
International Caps
Captains West Germany to the 1990 World Cup title and directs midfield against Argentina in the final.
Matthรคus Ballon dโOr Follows World Cup Captaincy
Lothar Matthรคus wins the 1990 Ballon dโOr after captaining West Germany to World Cup victory in Italy, combining defensive discipline with powerful surges from midfield.
German International Joins Lazio
Thomas Doll joins Lazio from Hamburger SV and becomes a prominent creator in Serie A, bringing East German international experience to the Roman midfield.
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Gorbachev agrees to East & |West Germany having a single NATO force
Treaty of Potsdam
Agrees West Germany's acceptance of the 1945 Potsdam settlement
Treaty of Potsdam
Agrees West Germany's acceptance of the 1945 Potsdam settlement
Birmingham Royal Ballet
The Sadler's Wells Royal Ballet relocates to Birmingham and adopts its new name.
The Green Man
Appears in "The Green Man"
Academy Award
Best Original Score for Dances with Wolves
Knighthood
Awarded a Knighthood
Treasure Island
Stars in Treasure Island
Drama
Dramatization of, "Exclusive"
Spender
After the first two series of Auf Wiedersehen, Pet, Nail found himself typecast before creating the detective series, Spender, which he co-wrote with Ian La Frenais, the show ran for three series from 1990 to 1993
Tony Award
Wins the Tony Award for role in Lettice and Lovage
Death of Rex Harrison
Death of Rex Harrison
Possession
Publication of "Possession"
Knighthood
Amiss is knighted
Hopeful Monsters
Publication of "Hopeful Monsters"
Moving Pictures
Publication of "Moving Pictures"
Some Friendly Number One
The Charlatans debut album Some Friendly reaches number one on the UK albums chart.
Bark at the Moon
Releases Album, "Just Say, Ozzy". Releases Album, "Bark at the Moon"
Just Say, Ozzy
Releases Album, "Just Say, Ozzy". Releases Album, "Bark at the Moon"
Slaves and Masters
Sings on Slaves and Masters after replacing Ian Gillan as Deep Purple vocalist.
Liberty
Duran Durans 7th album, "Liberty", is released
Departure
Leaves The Stranglers after sixteen years as guitarist, vocalist and songwriter.
Take That
Joins Take That as the youngest member after auditions organised by manager Nigel Martin-Smith.
Take That
Founder Member of Take That
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
The Who are inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
The Who are inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Central Europe Trust Chairmanship
Becomes chairman of Central Europe Trust Company Limited after leaving frontline government and remains associated with the company for many years.
Barclays Bank Directorship
Joins the board of Barclays Bank as a director after leaving the Treasury and serves in that role during the 1990s.
Budget Policy
The 1990 Budget under John Roy Major sets out the Government's taxation, expenditure and borrowing plans.
Budget
John Roy Major presents the 1990 Budget to the House of Commons as Chancellor of the Exchequer.
Economy of Great Britain
Inflation rises sharply during the late 1980s, with annual all-items RPI inflation averaging about 4.9 percent in 1988, 7.8 percent in 1989 and 9.5 percent in 1990.
Inflation
Annual all-items RPI inflation accelerates from about 4.9 percent in 1988 to 7.8 percent in 1989 and 9.5 percent in 1990.
Leader of House of Commons
Appointed Leader of the House of Commons
Hostages
Secures the release of 33 British hostages
Election
Become Mrs Thatchers election manager after the 1st ballot for the party leadership
Privatization
Minister responsible for the privatization of the electricity industry
Party Leader
Appointed Leader of the Conservative Party
Privatization
The Electricity Distribution Companies are sold for ล5,092 million. National Power & Power Gen are sold for ล2,230 million
Secretary
Appointed Secretary for Transport
Closed Shop
Employment Act, employment cannot be conditional on TU membership
Legislation
Employment Act, employment cannot be conditional on TU membership. Employment Act, employers cannot deny someone a job because they are not a TU member
Reform of Government
The Employment Act, resticts the closed shop. Employment Act, employers cannot deny someone a job because they are not TU member
Reform of Local Taxation
Sets the standard community charge at ล379. ล3 billion extra is found from the Government to keep the community charge below ล400. The Department of the Environment estimates the Community Charge will average 340 pounds. Dept of the Environment estimates for the Charge are double original estimates. The RPI Advisery Committee will include the Community Charge in the Retail Price Index
Trident
Thatcher leaves office with the Trident programme established as Britain's planned strategic deterrent
Trident
Major inherits the Trident programme after becoming Prime Minister
Broadcasting Act
Broadcasting Act 1990 restructures independent television and radio regulation
Environmental Protection Act
Environmental Protection Act 1990 reforms pollution control, waste regulation, and statutory nuisance law
Food Safety Act
Food Safety Act 1990 modernises food safety enforcement and offences
National Health Service and Community Care Act
National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 creates NHS internal market and community care reforms
Election
Awarded the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1990, for services to EU European democracy
A Sort of Clowning Published
Hoggart published A Sort of Clowning, the second installment in his Life and Times autobiography.
Doughty Street Chambers
Starmer becomes a founding member of the newly established Doughty Street Chambers.
Election
Awarded the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1990, for services to EU European democracy
Peerage
Created Baroness Castle of Blackburn, of Ibstone in the County of Buckinghamshire
Publication of Collected Poems
Publishes Collected Poems, bringing together poetry written across several decades.
Alternative Extragalactic Universe
Hoyle joined Halton Arp, Geoffrey Burbidge, Narlikar, and Wickramasinghe in presenting an alternative interpretation of the extragalactic universe.
Frome Culvert Maintenance Protects City Centre
Inspection and management of the buried waterway remained necessary to safeguard streets and surrounding buildings. The improvement addressed a specific constraint in river engineering.
Block Machinery Recognised As Technical Heritage
Surviving manufacturing equipment illustrated how specialist machine tools transformed component making. The achievement helped standardise production for a large naval fleet.
Recreational Waterfront Replaces Cargo Operations
Reused dock waters and quays became part of a leisure and visitor landscape rather than an industrial freight harbour. The episode shows how specialised basins became part of a larger harbour system.
Atomic-Resolution Protein Electron Microscopy
Demonstrates a three-dimensional protein structure at near-atomic resolution using electron cryomicroscopy.
Honours
Appointed an OBE
World Cup
England play West Germany in the World Cup semi-final, after going 1-0 down early in the second half, Gascoignes Spurs team-mate Gary Lineker equalises for England with ten minutes remaining to force extra time.
World Cup Group Stage
Plays all three of the group games at World Cup held in Italy in as England top their group, providing the assist for Mark Wrights winner against Egypt.
Julian Dicks First Supporters Award
Julian Dicks wins the Hammer of the Year prize as his determined defending and powerful left-footed delivery become hallmarks of his West Ham displays.
1990 FA Cup Replay Winning Goal
Scores the only goal of the replay as Manchester United defeat Crystal Palace.
Charlton Central Defensive Arrival
Balmer joins Charlton Athletic and becomes a familiar centre-back during the club's subsequent years in the second tier.
League Championship
Guides Liverpool to the club's eighteenth top-flight title.
Blades Promotion Goals
Deane scored important goals as Sheffield United climbed into the First Division under Dave Bassett following a second straight promotion.
Leeds United Centre-Forward Arrival
Joins Leeds United from Nottingham Forest and gives Howard Wilkinson an experienced centre-forward for the promotion challenge.
1990 League Cup Final Decisive Goal
Nigel Jemson scored Nottingham Forest's winning goal against Oldham Athletic in the 1990 League Cup final. His strike secured a 1-0 victory and completed the club's defence of the trophy.
League Cup Final Winner Against Oldham
Nigel Jemson scores the only goal as Nottingham Forest defeat Oldham Athletic in the 1990 League Cup final. The victory brings Brian Clough his fourth League Cup as Forest manager.
England World Cup Selection
Earns a place in Englandโs 1990 World Cup squad while continuing to play his club football for Wolverhampton Wanderers.
First Division Return Strike Partnership
Agana formed a productive attacking partnership with Brian Deane as Sheffield United returned to the top tier after a long absence.
Young Keeper in League Cup Winning Squad
Mark Crossley established himself as a Nottingham Forest goalkeeper during the closing years of Brian Clough's management. He belonged to the generation that carried the club into the early Premier League era.
CBE
Awarded the CBE
Manager
Before the 1990 World Cup, the FA told Robson that they would not renew his contract as England manager, so he moved on to The Netherlands to coach PSV Eindhoven.
League Cup
Clough guides Forest to another League Cup victory with a 1-0 over Oldham Athletic, his 4th League Cup
Billy Bonds Takes West Ham Managerial Job
Billy Bonds steps into the managerial role at West Ham United and starts rebuilding the team after its relegation to the Second Division.
Sunderland Promoted Following Playoff Reprieve
Smith takes Sunderland to the Second Division play-off final; despite defeat to Swindon Town, the club receives promotion after Swindon's financial-rule punishment.
League Runners Up Management
Graham Taylor guided Aston Villa to second place in the 1989โ90 First Division, completing a dramatic transformation after promotion.
Ireland World Cup Quarter Final Qualification
Charlton guides the Republic of Ireland past Romania on penalties to reach the World Cup quarter-finals for the first time.
Promotion Season Midfield Presence
Provides defensive midfield tenacity throughout the campaign in which Leeds United earns promotion as Second Division champions.
PFA Players Player Recognition
David Platt won the PFA Players' Player of the Year award after a remarkable season in which Aston Villa finished runners-up in the First Division.
Second Division Promotion Captain
Captains Leeds United to the Second Division title as the club returns to England's top flight after eight seasons away.
International Caps
Performs for England in the 1990 World Cup semi-final against West Germany and receives a yellow card that would have ruled him out of the final.
Final Pre Premier League Liverpool Title Midfield
Steve McMahon anchored Liverpool's midfield during the 1989โ90 championship campaign, the club's final league triumph before the Premier League era.
Rise Through Forest Youth System
Steve Stone developed from Nottingham Forest's youth ranks into an important first-team midfielder. His combination of running and crossing later earned him selection for England.
World Cup Broadcasting Commentary
Greaves worked in television football coverage during the era when his presenting partnership with Ian St John attracted a large audience.
Player of the Year
Barnes collects another writers award after helping Liverpool regain the league title through incisive wing play and a regular supply of goals.
President of Greece
Karamanlis begins his second term as President of Greece.
Prime Minister of Greece
Konstantinos Mitsotakis begins a term as Prime Minister of Greece in 1990.
President of Honduras
Appointed President of Honduras
President of Hungary
Appointed President of Hungary
Honours
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam receives the Padma Vibhushan for distinguished public service.
All Tripura Tiger Force
The All Tripura Tiger Force emerges as an insurgent organisation seeking greater tribal control in Tripura.
Kashmir Insurgency
The armed insurgency in Kashmir intensifies during V.P. Singh's government.
Withdrawal from Sri Lanka
V.P. Singh's government completes the withdrawal of the Indian Peace Keeping Force from Sri Lanka.
Rule of Tripura
The All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF) is founded by Lalit Debbarma to fight for Tripuras secession from India
Tripura Tiger Force
The All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF) is founded by Lalit Debbarma to fight for Tripuras secession from India
Reballion of Rebels in Kashmir
Muslim separatist groups begin campaign of violence in Kashmir. Islamic terrorism in Kashmir increases against the Indian occupying troops
Rule of Kashmir
Islamic terrorism in Kashmir increases against the Indian occupying troops
Agreement on Protect Irans eastern flank
Iraq gives up occupied land in Iran & agrees to protect Irans eastern flank
Neutrality
Declares Irans neutrality & tries to act as peacemaker
Agreement on Protect Irans eastern flank
Iraq gives up occupied land in Iran & agrees to protect Irans eastern flank
The Barrytown Trilogy, a trilogy centred around the Rabbitte family
Publication of "The Barrytown Trilogy, a trilogy centred around the Rabbitte family
Villa Defence At League Runners Up
Paul McGrath produced outstanding central-defensive performances as Aston Villa challenged Liverpool for the 1989โ90 league championship.
Il Palazzo
Completes the Il Palazzo Hotel in Fukuoka, Japan
Limits of Interpretation
Eco published The Limits of Interpretation, discussing constraints on plausible readings of texts.
International Caps
Anchors Italy's defence during the 1990 World Cup campaign before the hosts are eliminated in the semi-finals.
Crippa Adds Versatility to Scudetto Team
Massimo Crippa covered important defensive and midfield responsibilities as Napoli secured the Italian championship in 1990.
Transfer to Juventus
Roberto Baggio joins Juventus from Fiorentina. His contentious move from Florence caused demonstrations among supporters and made him the focus of Juventus's attack.
International Caps
Puts Italy ahead against Argentina in the 1990 World Cup semi-final before the match is decided by a penalty shootout.
Giuliani Protects Title-Winning Goal
Giuliano Giuliani kept goal during Napoli's second Serie A championship campaign and offered security behind the defensive line.
UEFA Cup Winning Goalkeeper
Guards the Juventus goal during the 1989-90 UEFA Cup campaign and helps the team defeat Fiorentina in the two-legged final.
Bigon Directs Second Scudetto
Alberto Bigon guided Napoli to the 1989โ90 Serie A championship, the club's second Italian league title in four seasons.
Cagliari Completes Double Promotion
Ranieri steers Cagliari into Serie A after consecutive promotions, restoring the club to Italy's top division.
1990 Domestic and European Double
Provides midfield balance during Juventus's 1989-90 campaign, when the club wins both the Coppa Italia and the UEFA Cup.
Fusi's Midfield Discipline in Title Chase
Luca Fusi supplied passing and positional discipline during Napoli's 1989โ90 league-winning campaign.
Akira Kurosawas Dreams
Kurosawas Akira Kurosawas Dreams
Honorary Academy Award
Awarded the Honorary Academy Award
Budget
The public-works budget is increased by 50% to encourage imports
Constitution of Japan
Hawks proposes scrapping the Japanese "peace constitution"
Marriage
Marries Kawashima Kiko
Alliance Japan and the Allied war effort
Japan contributes billions of dollars to the Gulf War. Japan contributes $11.5 billion to the Allied war effort against Iraq
Constitution of Jordan
A guideline for democratic institutionalization and political pluralism in Jordan
Charter
A guideline for democratic institutionalization and political pluralism in Jordan
Political Reform Debate
Faces calls for change during the collapse of socialist regimes elsewhere
Nobel Prize
Winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature
President of Moldova
Appointed President of Moldova
Prime Minister of Moldova
Appointed Prime Minister of Moldova
Ajax First-Team Debut
Makes his senior Ajax debut and develops into the club's first-choice goalkeeper.
Prime Minister of New Zealand
Appointed Prime Minister of New Zealand, 1st term
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointed Minister of Defence
Secretary of State for Defence
Appointed Minister of Defence
Election Victory
Nawaz Sharif secures a parliamentary mandate to form the federal government.
Arrest of Asif Zardari
Benazir Bhutos husband is arrested for kidnapping
Arrest of Benazir Bhutto
Charged with corruption & missuse of power
Marriage
Yasser Arafat marries Suha At-Taweel
Gulf Crisis
Abbas remains within the PLO leadership during the diplomatic crisis caused by the Gulf War
Recognition of the State of Israel
The PLO formally recognizes the State of Israel
Economy of Poland
Price controls are lifted & Government subsidies are eliminated. Currency made convertible with exchange set at black market rate. Launches privatization reforms. Communists in the Sejim hold up privatization & western aid
Privatization
Communists in the Sejim hold up privatization & western aid
Reform of Government
Launches privatization reforms
Constitution of Poland
The PUWP is dissolved & renamed Social Democrcy of Republic of Poland
Constitution of Poland
The PUWP is dissolved & renamed Social Democrcy of Republic of Poland
Resignation of Lech Walesa
Resigns as Party Leader of Solidarity
Exile of Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Soviet citizenship is restored
Evgesha and Annushka
Publication of the novella "Evgesha and Annushka" ("Znamya") that made her famous
Znamya
Publication of the novella "Evgesha and Annushka" ("Znamya") that made her famous
the novella "Evgesha and Annushka" ("Znamya") that made her famous
Publication of the novella "Evgesha and Annushka" ("Znamya") that made her famous
Adviser
Appointed Adviser to the President of Russia on international relations
Constitution of Russia
Appointed Chair of the Constitutional Committee elected by the CPD
Leningrad Soviet
Appointed Chairman Leningrad City Soviet Executive Committee
Chairman
Appointed Chair of the Moscow City Council
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the USSR Congress of Peoples Deputies & Supreme Soviet
Consul
Appointed Consul to China
Fomin Kalinin Nuclear Plant Employment
Returns to the nuclear-power industry and begins work at the Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant after his release and psychiatric treatment.
First Secretary
Appointed First Secretary of the Communist Party of Russia
Foreign Secretary of Russia
Appointed Foreign Minister
Fomin Declared Fit for Release
Is judged sufficiently recovered for release after psychiatric treatment following his imprisonment for the Chernobyl disaster.
Fomin Early Release
Is released before completing his ten-year sentence after appeals and continuing concerns about his health.
Agreement on East & West Germany having a single
Visits the USA & is offerred financial aid. Gorbachev agrees to East & West Germany having a single NATO force
Baltic States Economic Blockade Applied
Moscow uses economic pressure and restrictions against the Baltic republics during their drive for greater independence.
Blockade of Baltic States
The Baltic States are blockaded by Russia while the USA turns a blind eye
Chernobyl Environmental Policy
Soviet authorities continue mapping contaminated territory and managing restrictions on land use in affected regions.
Chernobyl Health Policy
Government programmes expand medical monitoring and social support for workers and residents affected by Chernobyl.
Comecon
The Comecon ceases to function
Constitution of Russia
Chairs a committee elected by the CPD to replace the 1977 constitution
Economy of Russia
Triples bread prices in order to move toward a "regulated market economy"
Election
"Democratic Russia" wins 85% of the seats in the Congress of Peoples Deputies. "Democratic Russia" wins 56% of seats in the city soviet. Reformers & Popular Fronts sweep to victory to the Supreme Soviet of the Union.
Election
Elections are held after the USA & Russia agree not to support Contras & Sandanistas. Elected Head of State by the Congress of Peoples Deputies
Election
Radical groups win in the cities & many prominent party officials are defeated. Gorbachev is elected for the third time in eighteen months to a position equivalent to Soviet head of state.
Nobel Prize
Receives the Nobel Peace Prize for his leading role in the peace process and major changes in East-West relations.
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Gorbachev agrees to East & West Germany having a single NATO force
Politics
For campaigning for human rights in Myanmar
Reform of Government
Stresses "values common to all mankind" over the "class struggle"
Russian Communist Party
The Russian Communist Party is founded
Unification
Gorbachev agrees to East & West Germany having a single NATO force
President of Russia
Appointed Member of Presidential Council
Russian Constitutional Commission
Serves on the constitutional commission created by the Russian Congress of People's Deputies.
President of Russia
Appointed Member of Presidential Council
Coup
Appointed Minister of the Interior, a leader of the August coup
Death of Boris Pugo
Commits suicide
Minister of Interior
Appointed Minister of the Interior, a leader of the August coup
Congress of Peoples Deputies
Nominated for the post of President of the USSR but steps down in favour of Gorbachev
Dismissal
Dismissed by Gorbachov for his liberalism on nationalities issues
Prime Minister of Russia
Appointed Prime Minister of Russia
Vice President
Appointed Vice President of Russia
Publishes Against the Grain
Publishes an autobiographical account of his break with the Soviet party establishment and rise as a reform politician.
KGB (Committee for State Security)
Assumes a position with the International Affairs section of Leningrad State University, reporting to Vice Rector Yuriy Molchanov
Russian Communist Party
The Russian Communist Party is founded
Third Consecutive World Cup Squad
Dasayev takes part in his third World Cup with the Soviet Union, bringing years of top-level goalkeeping experience to the 1990 squad.
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Gorbachev agrees to East & West Germany having a single NATO force
Al-Qaeda
Bin Laden offers the services of his mujahideen to King Fahd to protect Saudi Arabia from the Iraqi army, the Saudi monarch refuses bin Ladens offer, opting instead to allow US and allied forces to deploy troops into Saudi territory
Exile of Osama bin Laden
After speaking publicly against the Saudi Government for harboring American troops, he was banished and forced to live in exile in Sudan
Mujahideen
Bin Laden offers the services of his mujahideen to King Fahd to protect Saudi Arabia from the Iraqi army, the Saudi monarch refuses bin Ladens offer, opting instead to allow US and allied forces to deploy troops into Saudi territory
President of Slovenia
Appointed President of Slovenia, 1st term
Prime Minister of Somalia
Appointed Prime Minister of Somalia
Apartheid
Passes legislation which abolishes Apartheid
Reform of Racial Laws
Passes legislation which abolishes Apartheid
Exile of Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki
Returns to South Africa after the ANC ban is lifted
Negotiations
Negotiates with the South African Government & President de Klerk
Barcelona First-Team Promotion
Establishes himself in Barcelona's first team as the deep-lying midfielder around whom Cruyff builds play.
Real Sociedad Reserve Football
Emery begins appearing for Real Sociedad B, gaining senior competitive experience in the club's reserve side before a career in the Spanish lower divisions.
First World Cup Goal Against Brazil
Brolin scored for Sweden against Brazil at the 1990 World Cup, beginning a tournament scoring record he would improve four years later.
Goal at Italy World Cup
Strรถmberg found the net for Sweden in the 1990 World Cup, although the team lost all three of its group matches.
Chernobyl Health Assessment
Supports international efforts to assess radiation exposure and health concerns among populations affected by Chernobyl.
International Nuclear Event Scale Introduced
The IAEA and OECD Nuclear Energy Agency introduce the International Nuclear Event Scale for communicating event significance.
President of Switzerland
Appointed President of Switzerland
Constitution of Taiwan
Convenes the National Affairs Conference as a forum for constitutional reform
United Nations
Founds the National Unification Council to define relations with the Chinese Mainland. Encorages trade between both sides of the Taiwan Straits
President of Ukraine
Appointed President the Ukraine, first term, sovereignty is declared
Prime Minister of Ukraine
Appointed Prime Minister of the Ukraine
The Godfather Part III
Appears in The Godfather Part III
Goodfellas
Directs, New York, Goodfellas
Desperate Hours
Directs Desperate Hours
Pacific Heights
Stars in Pacific Heights
Postcards from the Edge
Directs Postcards from the Edge
Ghost
Stars in Ghost, with Demi Moore and Whoopi Goldberg
Born on the 4th of July
Stars Oliver Stones Born on the 4th of July, which was based on the best selling autobiography of parapalegic veteran and anti-war activist Ron Kovic. Stars as hot-shot racecar driver "Cole Trickle" in Tony Scotts Days of Thunder
Academy Award
Receives the supporting-actor Oscar for Glory, marking his first Academy Award victory.
Wild at Heart
Directs Wild at Heart, a road film combining romance, crime and surreal imagery.
Vincent and Theo Film
Robert Altman directed Vincent and Theo in 1990, a biographical drama depicting the lives and artistic worlds of Van Gogh and his brother.
Alice Film
In 1990, Woody Allen made Alice, a fantasy about a dissatisfied woman seeking a different life.
The Rookie
Directs and stars in The Rookie with Charlie Sheen.
White Hunter Black Heart
Directs and stars in White Hunter Black Heart, a film inspired by the making of The African Queen.
Robot Visions Collection
Asimov published Robot Visions, revisiting the ethical and imaginative possibilities of robotics.
Jurassic Park
Publication of "Jurassic Park"
Rabbit At Rest
Publication of "Rabbit At Rest"
The Things They Carried
Publication of "The Things They Carried"
Defeat and Renewal
Publication of "Defeat & Renewal"
Somethings Gotten Hold of My Heart
Re-records "Somethings Gotten Hold of My Heart" with Marc Almond, reaches no 1 in Britain
Czechoslovak Trade and Cultural Emissary
Meets President Vaclav Havel and is announced as an emissary on trade, tourism and cultural matters.
Under the Red Sky
Records and releases the album Under the Red Sky.
Governor
Appointed Governor of Texas
Harvard
Elected President of the Law Review, a full-time volunteer position functioning as editor-in-chief and supervising the Law Reviews staff of eighty editors
Chicxulub Crater
Idetifies the 180 mile wide Chicxulub crater in Mexico, and propose it as being the most likely candidate for the catastrophic environmental changes that killed off 70% of all species around 65 million years ago
A Path Where No Man Thought
Publication of "A Path Where No Man Thought"
Triton Geyser Study Published
Soderblom and colleagues publish a detailed characterization of the active geyser-like plumes discovered on Triton.
COBE
Mather reports that COBE measured the microwave background spectrum as an almost perfect blackbody
COBE
Hauser leads the COBE diffuse infrared background experiment supporting early universe background studies
LIGO Construction Approval
The National Science Board approves the LIGO construction proposal while Vogt directs the project, authorising a programme that includes initial detectors followed by more sensitive upgrades.
Tour de France
Lance Armstrong meets former elite cyclist Chris Carmichael and works with him as his coach through all of his years at the Tour De France competitions
Tour de France
Winner of the Tour de France, 3rd win
Tour de France
Lance Armstrong meets former elite cyclist Chris Carmichael and works with him as his coach through all of his years at the Tour De France competitions
Triathlon Champion
United States National Sprint Triathlon Champion
Economy of Uruguay
Faces severe inflation and a difficult economic stabilization programme
Inflation
Faces inflation of about 130 percent during the early part of his administration
President of Uzbekistan
Appointed President of Uzbekistan, 1st term
President of Uzbekistan
Appointed President of Uzbekistan, 1st term
Economy of Zambia
With the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Kaunda is forced to make a major policy shift, he announces the intention to partially privatize the parastatals
Appointment as Vice-President
Nkomo becomes one of Zimbabwe's Vice-Presidents under the unity arrangement.
University Chancellorship
Legislation makes the President Chancellor of the University of Zimbabwe.
Appointment as Vice-President
Nkomo becomes Vice-President following the ZANU-PF and ZAPU political settlement.
Appointment as Vice-President
Nkomo is appointed Vice-President following implementation of the Unity Accord.
Iraq Invades Kuwait
Saddam Hussein orders Iraqi forces into Kuwait on 2 August 1990, violating its sovereignty.
Iraq Announces Kuwait Annexation
Saddam Hussein's government claims Kuwait as Iraqi territory despite international rejection.
United States Rejects Iraqi Annexation
George H W Bush condemns Iraq's seizure of Kuwait and organizes international opposition.
Iraq Invades Kuwait
Saddam Hussein orders Iraqi forces into Kuwait on 2 August 1990, violating its sovereignty.
Iraq Announces Kuwait Annexation
Saddam Hussein's government claims Kuwait as Iraqi territory despite international rejection.
Emir Escapes Iraqi Occupation
Jaber Al Ahmad Al Sabah continues to represent Kuwait's legitimate government in exile after the invasion.
Kuwaiti Leadership Mobilizes Diplomacy
Kuwait's government campaigns internationally for restoration of the state's independence.
United States Rejects Iraqi Annexation
George H W Bush condemns Iraq's seizure of Kuwait and organizes international opposition.
Ridley Leaves Cabinet
His departure from government ended a ministerial career associated with privatisation and market oriented policies.
Orgreave Records Controversy
Questions persisted over the reliability of police statements and the conduct of the original Orgreave prosecutions.