1991
1991 General Election
Congress emerges as the largest party in the 1991 general election and forms a minority government under P.V. Narasimha Rao.
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Browse historical records dated to 1991. Records are rendered from the World History Database into this page's initial HTML.
Congress emerges as the largest party in the 1991 general election and forms a minority government under P.V. Narasimha Rao.
Lesbian priest Elizabeth Carl ordained in Episcopal Church
1st US aircraft since 1979 lands in Iran with blankets for Kurdish refugees
A Scud missile hit the Israeli city of Ramat Gan, after two coalition Patriots failed to intercept it. Three elderly people suffered fatal heart attacks, another 96 people were injured, and 20 apartment buildings were damaged.
A "national peace accord" is agreed between the Inkatha, ANC & National Party
A "national peace accord" is agreed between the Inkatha, ANC & National Party
McCaffrey's mechanised division advances rapidly through western Iraq to block retreat routes.
After this attack, the Israelis warned that if the US failed to stop the attacks, they would.
Yeltsin and Mikhail Gorbachev discuss the transfer of powers as the Soviet Union approaches dissolution.
Bush authorises strikes against Iraqi command, communications and air-defence facilities around Baghdad.
Maintains coalition air dominance over the Kuwait theater.
Makes his senior debut for Ajax and becomes an energetic central midfielder.
A coalition strike destroys the Al-Amiriyah facility and kills many civilians sheltering inside.
The US gives aid to Hanoi when it helps account for 2,276 missing US soldiers
Hungary, Poland and Czech join the Visegrad Triangle for investment and EU membership
Hungary, Poland and Czech join the Visegrad Triangle for investment and EU membership
Joins leaders of former Soviet republics at Alma-Ata as the Commonwealth of Independent States expands.
Maintains a credible threat of amphibious assault on Kuwait.
Is elected president of the African National Congress.
The accords attempt to demobilize the 152,000 active fighters and integrate the remaining Government troops and UNITA rebels into a 50,000-strong Angolan Armed Forces (FAA)
The ANC rules out any veto for minority groups in a post-apartheid society
Declares the emergency committee unconstitutional and calls for a general strike and civil resistance.
Mobutu appoints Nguza Karl-i-Bond to lead a transitional government.
Mobutu appoints Mungul Diaka after removing Tshisekedi.
Khalid coordinates Saudi and multinational forces operating within the coalition command structure.
Khalid directs Saudi and other Arab formations advancing toward Kuwait City.
Commands Saudi and allied Arab forces during the ground offensive.
Commands Saudi and allied Arab contingents in the coalition.
Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, announcement made
Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, announcement made
Drives eastward against Iraqi Republican Guard formations.
President Bush sends a personal message to Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, urging a stronger effort to conclude arms control talks
President Bush sends a personal message to Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, urging a stronger effort to conclude arms control talks
Struggles to restore order after unpaid soldiers mutiny and widespread looting erupts in Kinshasa.
The coup fails & Yanaev is arrested but later amnestied by the Russian Duma
Desiree Washington, a Miss Black America contestant, charged shed been raped by boxer Mike Tyson in an Indianapolis hotel room 3 days earlier, Tyson is later convicted of rape and served three years in prison
Arrested during a coup
Socialist Party leader Andre Cools is murdered, Cools had worked for more regional autonomy for Wallonia, the French-speaking southern half of Belgium, and the Dutch-speaking Flanders
Rajiv Gandhi is assassinated by a suicide bomber during an election campaign at Sriperumbudur in Tamil Nadu.
The Serb deputies form the Assembly of the Serb People in Bosnia and Herzegovina representative of the Bosnian Serb population, ending the tripartite coalition
At one point Israeli commandos boarded helicopters prepared to fly into Iraq but the mission was called off after a phone call from US Defence Secretary Dick Cheney
The hard-line coup collapses as military support shifts and resistance centered on the Russian White House succeeds.
Government services begin returning after seven months of occupation.
Joni Mitchel is inducted into the Canadian Hall of Fame
Signs a decree prohibiting political party organizations from operating inside Russian state institutions and enterprises.
Supports stronger European institutions and movement toward monetary union.
Signs the Belovezha Agreement with the leaders of Ukraine and Belarus, declaring the Soviet Union ended and creating the CIS.
The Bicesse Accords, also known as the Estoril Accords, lay out a transition to multi-party democracy in Angola under the supervision of the United Nations UNAVEM II mission. President Jose Eduardo dos Santos of the MPLA and Jonas Savimbi of UNITA sign the accord in Lisbon, Portugal
The Bicesse Accords, also known as the Estoril Accords, lay out a transition to multi-party democracy in Angola under the supervision of the United Nations UNAVEM II mission
President Jose Eduardo dos Santos of the MPLA and Jonas Savimbi of UNITA sign the accord in Lisbon, Portugal.
The Bicesse Accords, also known as the Estoril Accords, lay out a transition to multi-party democracy in Angola under the supervision of the United Nations UNAVEM II mission.
The accords attempt to demobilize the 152,000 active fighters and integrate the remaining Government troops and UNITA rebels into a 50,000-strong Angolan Armed Forces (FAA).
The Bicesse Accords, also known as the Estoril Accords, lay out a transition to multi-party democracy in Angola under the supervision of the United Nations UNAVEM II mission
The USA leads the allied bombing of Baghdad
Iraq launches Scud missiles against Riyadh & Dhahran
IRA mortar bombs cause damage at 10 Downing St where a Cabinet meeting is in progress
The Gulf War began with an extensive aerial bombing campaign on 16 January 1991. For forty-two consecutive days and nights, the coalition forces subjected Iraq to the most intensive air bombardment in military history. The coalition flew over 100,000 sorties, dropping 88,500 tons of bombs, and widely destroying military and civilian infrastructure
The Gulf War began with an extensive aerial bombing campaign on 16 January 1991. For forty-two consecutive days and nights, the coalition forces subjected Iraq to the most intensive air bombardment in military history. The coalition flew over 100,000 sorties, dropping 88,500 tons of bombs, and widely destroying military and civilian infrastructure
The air campaign was commanded by USAF Lieutenant General Chuck Horner
Iraq launches Scud missiles against Israel
A Scud missile hit the Israeli city of Ramat Gan, after two coalition Patriots failed to intercept it. Three elderly people suffered fatal heart attacks, another 96 people were injured, and 20 apartment buildings were damaged.
After this attack, the Israelis warned that if the US failed to stop the attacks, they would.
At one point Israeli commandos boarded helicopters prepared to fly into Iraq but the mission was called off after a phone call from US Defence Secretary Dick Cheney
reporting on the extent of coalition efforts to destroy Scuds and emphasizing that Israeli intervention could endanger US forces
Al-Qaedas involvement is unclear but some analysts believe after the attack the group seeks out the plotter Ramzi Yousef and offers him money, Yousef later serves a life sentence for the attack. A bomb explodes at the World Trade Center
Al-Qaedas involvement is unclear but some analysts believe after the attack the group seeks out the plotter Ramzi Yousef and offers him money, Yousef later serves a life sentence for the attack
Iraq launches Scud missiles against Riyadh & Dhahran
Rhame's division opens lanes through fortified obstacles for VII Corps.
Accepts arrangements leading to withdrawal of federal forces from Slovenia.
Accepts the agreement suspending implementation of Slovenian independence.
Smith's division attacks Iraqi positions as part of the VII Corps advance.
Commands Britain's armoured division during the ground offensive.
Commands Britain's 1st Armoured Division during the ground offensive.
The Desert Rats engage Iraqi armored and artillery positions.
Denaro leads the brigade through Iraqi defences during Operation Granby.
Maintains Britain's commitment to the coalition campaign.
Confirms British offensive combat has ended.
De la Billiere directs British forces supporting the coalition's armoured attack.
Coordinates Britain's land, air and maritime contribution.
De la Billiere directs Britain's Operation Granby contribution within the coalition.
Major commits British air, naval and ground forces to the coalition offensive.
Secures opt-outs from the single currency and the Social Protocol.
Answers parliamentary questions concerning British Waterways.
Heffer has a memorial service at St Margarets, Westminster, attended by Thatcher
Heffer has a memorial service at St Margarets, Westminster, attended by Thatcher
Begins planning the massive effort to extinguish sabotaged wells.
Bush & Gorbachev sign the Strategic Arms Reduction
Bush & Gorbachev sign the Strategic Arms Reduction
The German Parliament votes to move the Government to Berlin
Mounts an offensive across the Saudi frontier & captures Khafi, recovered 2 days later
Iraq agreed to a Soviet-proposed ceasefire agreement
Iraq agreed to a Soviet-proposed ceasefire agreement
A ceasefire is agreed between Serbia & Slovenia
Iraq must release detainees and accept liability for occupation damage.
Sets military arrangements governing the immediate ceasefire.
Appointed Chairman of the KGB
Unveils the Citizens Charter to improve standards of public services
Reuben Meade becomes Chief Minister after the 1991 election
Asif Nawaz Janjua becomes Chief of Army Staff, succeeding General Mirza Aslam Beg.
Appointed Chief Whip in the House of Lords
The Presidents of Russia, Ukraine & Belarus create the Commonwealth of Ind States
Answers Commons questions on evaluation of City Challenge bids.
Announces the City Challenge approach to neighbourhood regeneration through local public-private partnerships.
Chairs Supreme Court confirmation hearings for Clarence Thomas.
A reissue of "Should I Stay or Should I Go" gives The Clash its first and only number 1 UK single
A reissue of "Should I Stay or Should I Go" gives The Clash its first and only number 1 UK single
Directs coalition air operations during Desert Storm.
Coalition aircraft begin sustained attacks on Iraqi command, air-defence and military targets.
Air attacks isolate Iraqi forces occupying Kuwait.
Coalition commanders declare air supremacy after ten days of intensive operations.
States that the campaign seeks complete Iraqi withdrawal.
The hundred-hour ground campaign comes to an end.
Schwarzkopf orders coalition formations to halt offensive movement and hold defensive positions.
Schwarzkopf exercises operational command as the coalition begins Desert Storm.
The action helps conceal the main western coalition maneuver.
Bush authorises the ground campaign after Iraq fails to accept the coalition withdrawal terms.
Directs Saudi and Arab formations during the coalition ground offensive.
Coordinates Marine, Army and Arab advances against Iraqi defenses.
Powell advises that coalition forces are prepared to execute the approved campaign plan.
Inkatha Freedom Party leader Mangosuthu Buthelezi personally does not participate because his demands for additional delegations of the homeland KwaZulu and the Zulu king Goodwill Zwelithini were declined
The Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) , under the chairmanship of the judges Michael Corbett , Petrus Shabort and Ismail Mahomed, begins with a plenary session
The Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) , under the chairmanship of the judges Michael Corbett , Petrus Shabort and Ismail Mahomed, begins with a plenary session
19 political groups from all races create the Convention for a Democratic South Africa
The Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) , under the chairmanship of the judges Michael Corbett , Petrus Shabort and Ismail Mahomed, begins with a plenary session
The IFP is represented by Frank Mdlalose at CODESA
The Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) , under the chairmanship of the judges Michael Corbett , Petrus Shabort and Ismail Mahomed, begins with a plenary session
Appointed Colonel General
The final Comecon council session takes place June 28, 1991 in Budapest, and led to an agreement to disband within 90 days
The final Comecon council session takes place June 28, 1991 in Budapest, and led to an agreement to disband within 90 days
The Presidents of Russia, Ukraine & Belarus create the Commonwealth of Ind States
Yeltsin, Ukrainian Pres. Leonid Kravchuk, and Belarus Pres. Stanislav Shuskevich meet in a hunting lodge to proclaim the Soviet Union null and void and to form a loose Commonwealth of Independent States
The Commonwealth Conference makes the Harare Declaration on good Government. Attends the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
Yeltsin, Ukrainian Pres. Leonid Kravchuk, and Belarus Pres. Stanislav Shuskevich meet in a hunting lodge to proclaim the Soviet Union null and void and to form a loose Commonwealth of Independent States. Russia, Byelorussia and Ukraine declare the Soviet national Government dead, forging a new alliance to be known as the Commonwealth of Independent States
Announces that the community charge is to be replaced as part of a wider reform of local-government finance.
Introduces legislation providing for abolition of the community charge from 1 April 1993 and its replacement by council tax.
Provides for central support toward additional local-authority administrative costs arising from reissuing reduced community-charge bills.
Supports an additional £4 billion transfer from national taxation to finance the £140 reduction in community-charge bills.
Meets local-authority associations and opposition parties while considering alternatives to the existing community-charge system.
Requires councils that have already issued 1991-92 community-charge demands to issue revised bills reflecting the £140 reduction.
Provides for government grants to compensate charging authorities for income lost through the statutory reduction in community charges.
Announces that the community charge will be replaced by a new system of local taxation because the public has not accepted it as fair.
Announces that 1991-92 headline community charges in England will be reduced by £140.
Takes part in Commons proceedings on legislation reducing community-charge bills.
Claims arising from Iraq's invasion and occupation can be processed.
Iraq offers withdrawal terms that the coalition rejects as conditional and incomplete.
The first national conference of the ANC, since the organisation was banned in 1960, begins in Durban, South Africa, Oliver Tambo, whose health is suffering, hands over the presidency of the ANC to Nelson Mandela
Walter Sisulu is elected Deputy President of the ANC
The first national conference of the ANC, since the organisation was banned in 1960, begins in Durban, South Africa, Oliver Tambo, whose health is suffering, hands over the presidency of the ANC to Nelson Mandela
Attends the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
Bush receives congressional authority to use force to implement United Nations resolutions.
The Constituent Assembly adopts Romania's democratic constitution.
A small majority for his proposal for a federation of socialist sovereign republics
The USSR is renamed the Union of Soviet Sovereign Republics. Gorbachev announces a final agreement on a Treaty designed to preserve the Soviet federation while giving more power to the republics
Russia stages it 1st ever general election
The people of Leningrad vote by 55% to 43% to change their city name to Saint Petersburg
The USSR ends after republics declare independence. The USSR ceases to exist
Gorbachev resigns his position as President of the USSR, signifying the demise of the Soviet Union, 14 former Soviet republics (including Russia) become independent states
Announces proposals for a new constitution that will provide black suffrage. Announces a new constitution that will provide suffrage for black people
Delegations from 19 political groups discuss drafting the new constitution
19 political groups from all races create the Convention for a Democratic South Africa
The ANC rules out any veto for minority groups in a post-apartheid society
Voters approve the new Constitution of Romania in a national referendum.
Introduces legislation providing for council-tax benefit, including rebates of up to 100 percent for qualifying households.
Publishes consultation proposals for the council tax and for reform of local-government structure.
Publishes consultation proposals for a new council tax and for review of local-government structure.
Designs the proposed council tax so that no register equivalent to the community-charge register is required.
Proposes that the council tax combine a property element with a personal element based on an assumed two-adult household.
Proposes a replacement council tax in which liability varies according to the value band assigned to each property.
Proposes a 25 percent council-tax discount for households containing only one countable adult.
Proposes broad property-value bands so homes need not undergo precise individual valuation for council-tax purposes.
Addresses Commons questions on the Countryside Stewardship Scheme.
One of the ring leaders who plots against Gorbachev
Arrests members of the Emergency Committee. An ally of Boris Yeltsin, supports an independent Russia from the Soviet Union
Organizes the defence of the White House & ensures the arrival of the MVD units
The Albanian Government is overthrown
Imprisoned at his holiday villa, dacha, in the Crimea by hardline communists
A coup takes place while Gorbachev is establishing a federal Union of Sovereign States
Arrested during a coup
Russian troops defect to Yeltsin & the coup collapses
The communist conspirators flee Moscow
Gorbachev is held under guard in a Dacha by the Black Sea
Restored as President & the coup is defeated. Reform is given a poweeful boost as the Communist Party is weakened
Gorbachev resumes presidency in Moscow
Hundreds of thousands demonstrate in Moscow against the coup
Gorbachev is detained in his summer residence on the orders of Kryuchkov
Gennady Yanayev is declared Gorbachevs replacement as President. Forms an 8 man Emergency Committee & declares Gorbachev deposed. Declares as state of emergency
Forms an 8 man Emergency Committee & declares Gorbachev deposed & a state of emergency
Death of Boris Pugo, commits suicide during the attempted coud dEtat
Forms an 8 man Emergency Committee & declares Gorbachev deposed & a state of emergency
Putin resigns from the state security services during the KGB-supported abortive putsch against Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev
Gennady Yanayev is declared Gorbachevs replacement as President. Forms an 8 man Emergency Committee. Declares Gorbachev deposed. Declares a state of emergency
The coup fails & Yanaev is arrested but later amnestied by the Russian Duma
Signs a decree ending CPSU and Russian Communist Party organizational activity in Russia.
Opposes the secession of Croatia and Slovenia from Yugoslavia.
Proclaims Croatian independence from Yugoslavia.
Croatia declares independence from Yugoslavia.
Organises Croatian defence as fighting escalates.
Participates as the European Council reaches political agreement on the treaty package that will become the Maastricht Treaty.
The Commonwealth Conference makes the Harare Declaration on good Government
Congress agrees the go-ahead for the war
Albania changes from communist dictatorship toward a multiparty republic
Commands the 7th Armoured Brigade in Operation Granby.
Ground forces begin the final campaign to liberate Kuwait.
Directs coalition air operations during Desert Storm.
Announces that coalition military operations have begun.
Announces coalition combat operations against Iraq and occupied Kuwait.
RUF advances toward diamond-producing districts that become central to the war
Bush concludes that diplomatic proposals have not secured Iraq's unconditional withdrawal.
Appointed Director General of the BBC
Sacked with Stoke on their way to recording their lowest ever final league position of 15th in the leagues third tier
Mobutu dismisses Tshisekedi after a brief confrontation over executive authority.
Roquejeoffre's French forces attack on the far western coalition flank.
Answers a parliamentary question concerning development of the East Thames Corridor.
Directs Marine forces through Iraqi defensive belts in eastern Kuwait.
Pushes northward toward Kuwait City during the ground offensive.
Government forces struggle to contain RUF attacks in the eastern districts
Delors promoted the staged programme for economic and monetary union agreed by European leaders.
Promotes the staged programme leading toward economic and monetary union.
Answers parliamentary scrutiny as Denmark prepares its position on economic and monetary union before the Maastricht summit.
Manmohan Singh presents a reform budget that reduces controls, opens the economy and addresses a severe balance-of-payments crisis.
Prices are freed in the Czech Rep
Unemployment jumps from 7,000 at end of 1989 to 2 million in 1991. Inflation increases to 70%. 27m adults to receive vouchers equivalent to mutual funds, $9,000 each
The final Comecon council session takes place June 28, 1991 in Budapest, and led to an agreement to disband within 90 days
Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev makes a personal appeal for Western aid at the conclusion of the Group of Seven economic summit in London
Gorbachev urges Communist leaders at a Central Committee meeting to reject "outdated ideological dogmas" and embrace a market economy
Mubarak maintains Egyptian military participation in the coalition opposing Iraq.
Elected to Parliament
Elected President of Guatemala
Russia stages it 1st ever general election
Girija Prasad Koirala of Nepali Congress takes office as first popularly elected Prime Minister in 30 years
Announces she will not stand at the next election
Begins directing national reconstruction from the restored capital.
The Third Steingrimur Hermannsson Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.
Answers a parliamentary question concerning energy-efficiency policy.
Military action begins after Iraq fails to meet the United Nations withdrawal deadline.
The spill creates a major wartime environmental disaster.
Guides negotiations establishing the framework for European Union.
Supports Danish participation in negotiations shaping the foreign-policy and institutional provisions later incorporated into the Maastricht Treaty.
Answers parliamentary questions on the government's approach to the European Community's developing union plans before Maastricht.
Cheney oversees Defense Department execution after the President orders offensive operations.
Begins exercising the new executive powers of the Russian presidency after taking the oath of office.
Flees to Zimbabwe as rebels close in on Addis Ababa
Bush's administration states that the attacked Baghdad facility was believed to be military.
Commands Yugoslav forces when Vukovar falls after a prolonged siege.
Leads Croatia as its defenders lose Vukovar.
The deception fixes Iraqi forces along the coast.
Appointed Federal Vice Chancellor
Bush gives Iraq a final deadline to begin an immediate and unconditional withdrawal.
Bush requires Iraq to begin withdrawing immediately or face coalition ground attack.
Pursues a final diplomatic effort before coalition military action.
Iraq refuses unconditional withdrawal from occupied Kuwait.
Manmohan Singh becomes Finance Minister in P.V. Narasimha Rao's government.
Horner's combined air operations centre coordinates thousands of coalition missions during the opening phase.
The opposition leader becomes prime minister during negotiations over democratic transition.
Arthur's naval forces launch Tomahawk cruise missiles during the opening attacks.
Begins the First David Oddsson Government and serves as Prime Minister of Iceland.
Saddam's forces face the opening day of the United States-led air and missile campaign.
Cheney briefs the public on the opening coalition attacks and operational objectives.
Wins Russia's first direct presidential election with about fifty-seven percent of the vote.
Hubble obtains its first detailed observations of Jupiter, including views of the Great Red Spot.
Leads the 1st Marine Division into Kuwait.
Myatt's division attacks northward and seizes key objectives in Kuwait.
Division forces destroy Iraqi positions while advancing north.
Tereshchenko leads the first government after independence
Takes the presidential oath as the first elected president of the Russian Federation.
Iraq launches its first Scud missile toward Saudi Arabia during the opening phase.
Iraq launches Scud missiles at Israel in an effort to disrupt the coalition.
Horner coordinates attacks on Iraqi leadership, communications, airfields and integrated air defences.
Appointed Foregn Minister, 1st term
Bush recognises the formal ceasefire after Iraq accepts Security Council Resolution 687.
The resolution addresses borders, weapons controls and compensation.
Mitterrand promoted political union alongside plans for a common European currency.
Promotes political union alongside the planned common European currency.
Roquejeoffre commands the French division assigned to the coalition's western flank.
Mitterrand authorises French forces to participate in operations against Iraq.
The division helps secure routes threatening Iraqi forces around Kuwait.
Russia attends the G7 Conference
Appoints Yegor Gaidar first deputy prime minister with responsibility for designing rapid market reforms.
Galileo becomes the first spacecraft to make a close encounter with an asteroid when it passes Gaspra.
Galileo images Gaspra as an irregular, heavily cratered asteroid with a surface layer of loose material.
Appointed General Secretary of the Arab League
Saddam orders Iraqi forces to withdraw from Kuwait as coalition troops advance.
Georgia proclaims a general strike
Meets James Baker in a final high-level diplomatic attempt.
Meets Tariq Aziz in an unsuccessful final diplomatic effort.
Meets James Baker in a final major prewar negotiation.
Supports the final Maastricht settlement establishing the route toward economic and monetary union.
Wins a second consecutive youth world championship for Portugal.
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
Thiam leads the government under President Diouf
Chairs the first post-liberation cabinet.
Wiwa Korowi becomes Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
Receives the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
Supports the final Maastricht settlement establishing European Union and the framework for economic and monetary union.
Coalition ground forces attack while Iraq continues seeking a settlement through Soviet mediation.
Authorizes the coalition ground offensive against Iraqi forces.
Directs the coalition ground offensive into Kuwait and Iraq.
Bush orders coalition forces to suspend offensive combat after one hundred hours of ground operations.
Authorizes the coalition ground offensive.
Announces the Group Areas Act of 1966 will be abolished
Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev makes a personal appeal for Western aid at the conclusion of the Group of Seven economic summit in London
Addresses the Commons on environmental damage and oil pollution arising from the Gulf conflict.
Coalition action limits continued discharge into the Persian Gulf.
Coalition ships monitor and divert prohibited maritime trade.
Employs a wide western envelopment against Iraqi forces.
Mugabe hosts the Commonwealth summit that adopts the Harare Declaration.
Commonwealth leaders adopt the Harare Declaration during a summit hosted by Zimbabwe.
US forces move into northern Iraq to set up safe havens for Kurdish refugees
Assumes leadership of the Russian government while launching the first post-Soviet market reform programme.
After an 80-day inquest - longest in British legal history - returns verdicts of accidental death
King Fahd supports coalition operations from Saudi territory against Iraqi occupation forces.
Hubble observations resolve two distinct brightness peaks in the central region of M31, revealing the unusual double structure of its nucleus.
The ground campaign ends after Iraqi forces are expelled from Kuwait.
Hungary, Poland & Czech join the Visegrad Triangle for investment & EU membership
Hungary, Poland & Czech join the Visegrad Triangle for investment & EU membership
White (Belarus) declares its independence
Russia, Byelorussia and Ukraine declare the Soviet national Government dead, forging a new alliance to be known as the Commonwealth of Independent States
The Bosnian Parliament votes for national sovereignty
Bosnias Muslims and Croats vote for independence in referendum boycotted by Serbs
War breaks out between the Bosnian Government and local Serbs, who start 1992-1995 siege of capital Sarajevo
Local Serb leaders proclaim a new republic separate from Bosnia. In Bosnia, the most ethnically mixed Yugoslav republic, the Serb minority holds an unofficial referendum opposing separation from Yugoslavia
Croatia and Slovenia proclaim independence
The USA recognizes the independence of Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania
The USA recognizes the independence of Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania
Georgia proclaims independence from Moscow
Georgia proclaims a general strike
Troops are moved into Ossetia to reassert control over Georgia
Rebel Serbs declare independence in the Krajina region which makes up almost a third of Croatia
Georgia proclaims independence from Moscow
Georgia proclaims a general strike
Troops are moved into Ossetia to reassert control over Georgia
The USA recognizes the independence of Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania
The Ukraine signs the Soviet economic-union Treaty at the Kremlin
The Ukraine votes for its independence during a referendum
Gorbachev resigns his position as President of the USSR, signifying the demise of the Soviet Union, 14 former Soviet republics (including Russia) become independent states
Bosnias Muslims and Croats vote for independence in referendum boycotted by Serbs
War breaks out between the Bosnian Government and local Serbs, who start 1992-1995 siege of capital Sarajevo
Croatia and Slovenia proclaim independence
Rebel Serbs declare independence in the Krajina region which makes up almost a third of Croatia
Local Serb leaders proclaim a new republic separate from Bosnia. In Bosnia, the most ethnically mixed Yugoslav republic, the Serb minority holds an unofficial referendum opposing separation from Yugoslavia
Independence for Slovenia is declared
Slovenias withdrawal from Yugoslavia is completed
The Ukraine signs the Soviet economic-union Treaty at the Kremlin
The Ukraine votes for its independence during a referendum
The USA recognizes the independence of Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania
Inflation increases to 70%
Elizabeth II officially opens Birmingham's International Convention Centre.
President Bush lifts economic sanctions against South Africa, citing its "profound transformation" toward racial equality
Israel attends the Madrid Conference as the First Intifada helps force renewed peace diplomacy
Yugoslav tanks fail to crush Slovenian independence, fighting begins in Croatia between Croats and ethnic Serbs
Troops are moved into Ossetia to reassert control over Georgia
The Allied land offensive begins against Iraq
US forces move into northern Iraq to set up safe havens for Kurdish refugees
The Allied land offensive begins against Iraq
US forces move into northern Iraq to set up safe havens for Kurdish refugees
Soviet troops storm a television station in Vilnius
Iraq invades Saudi Arabia
Iraqi forces attacked and occupied the lightly defended Saudi city of Khafji with tanks and infantry. The Battle of Khafji ended two days later when the Iraqis were driven back by the Saudi Arabian National Guard, supported by Qatari forces and US Marines
Yugoslav tanks fail to crush Slovenian independence, fighting begins in Croatia between Croats and ethnic Serbs
Builds the 1st web site http://info.cern.ch which goes live
IRA mortar bombs cause damage at 10 Downing St where a Cabinet meeting is in progress
Government record concerning the IRA: IRA mortar bombs cause damage at 10 Downing St where a Cabinet meeting is in progress
Historical IRA record under Conservative Party Government: IRA mortar bombs cause damage at 10 Downing St where a Cabinet meeting is in progress
IRA context for John Roy Major: IRA mortar bombs cause damage at 10 Downing St where a Cabinet meeting is in progress
Leads the division through fortified Iraqi obstacles.
Accepts coalition conditions governing the immediate postwar situation.
The breach enables VII Corps armored formations to pass.
Saddam's forces cross the Saudi border and occupy parts of Khafji.
The retreat marks collapse of Iraq's occupation.
His division threatens routes used by Iraqi forces leaving Kuwait.
Accepts the final Maastricht settlement expanding European cooperation, citizenship rights and economic and monetary union.
Shamir withholds immediate retaliation while consulting the United States and coalition governments.
Accepts the final political settlement establishing European Union and the framework for economic and monetary union.
James Bakers begins his trip to Japan, South Korea & Africa
Garrisons investigation again received widespread attention through Oliver Stones 1991 film, JFK, which was largely based on Garrisons book On the Trail of the Assassins as well as Jim Marrs Crossfire: The Plot That Killed Kennedy
Horner commands the integrated coalition air effort from the Saudi operations centre.
Directs formations advancing toward Kuwait City.
Scores a late header that keeps Barcelona's European Cup campaign alive against Kaiserslautern.
Ordered by Gorbachov to convert the KGB into a normal police force. Appointed Chairman of the KGB
Putin resigns from the state security services during the KGB-supported abortive putsch against Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev
US forces move into northern Iraq to set up safe havens for Kurdish refugees
1st US aircraft since 1979 lands in Iran with blankets for Kurdish refugees
US forces move into northern Iraq to set up safe havens for Kurdish refugees
US forces move into northern Iraq to set up safe havens for Kurdish refugees
Advances toward Kuwait International Airport and nearby suburbs.
Air power supports the coming ground offensive.
Iraqi minefields complicate naval support for the ground offensive.
Announces that Kuwait has been liberated.
Directs Arab formations advancing toward Kuwait City.
Arrives with firefighting experts to assess Kuwait's burning oil fields.
The action creates a severe Gulf environmental disaster.
Iraqi forces set large numbers of Kuwaiti oil wells ablaze.
The fires devastate oil infrastructure and pollute the environment.
Announces the Land Acts of 1913 & 1936 will be abolished
Signs measures allowing expanded private ownership and transfer of land as part of market reforms.
Hubble observations of Supernova 1987A help determine the Large Magellanic Cloud's distance to about 169,000 light-years.
Kuwait marks extinguishing of the final burning oil well.
Schwarzkopf's western manoeuvre cuts Iraqi communications and threatens retreating formations.
The Land Acts of 1913 & 1936 are repealed. The Group Areas Act of 1950 is repealed
The Government uses the Parliament Act to pass the War Crimes Bill
Prepares restoration of legitimate Kuwaiti administration after liberation.
The Emir's government prepares to restore authority after coalition forces liberate Kuwait.
Supports the coalition campaign that liberates Kuwait from Iraqi occupation.
Commands Saudi participation through the conclusion of ground operations.
Answers a parliamentary question concerning the Local Government Commission.
Leads Commons proceedings on the Local Government Finance Bill providing for council tax.
Leads extensive Commons questioning on local-government finance in England.
Addresses Commons questions on reform of local-government finance.
Announces proposals for a review of the structure and finance of local government in England.
United States and British authorities indict two Libyan intelligence officers over Lockerbie.
Represents Italy as leaders review progress in the two intergovernmental conferences.
Represents German foreign policy as leaders review the intergovernmental conferences preparing the Maastricht settlement.
Represents Ireland as leaders review progress in the two intergovernmental conferences.
Represents Greece as leaders review progress in the political and monetary union conferences.
Represents Denmark as Community leaders review preparations for the intergovernmental conferences on political union and economic and monetary union.
Advances Ireland's position on convergence and the design of economic and monetary union.
Advances Greek positions on convergence and the future monetary-union framework.
Supports Greek positions on the political and foreign-policy provisions under negotiation.
Supports stronger European institutions and the route toward monetary union.
Supports the final economic and monetary provisions agreed by the European Council at Maastricht.
Represents Danish economic interests as leaders negotiate the structure and timetable for economic and monetary union.
Helps negotiate convergence requirements and institutional arrangements for the planned economic and monetary union.
Represents Italy as the Maastricht European Council opens the decisive negotiations on European Union.
Represents Portugal in the European Council treaty negotiations.
Delors supported the Maastricht settlement on deeper political and economic integration.
Supports agreement on deeper political and economic integration.
Represents Spain during negotiations establishing the European Union.
Represents Ireland as the Maastricht European Council opens the decisive negotiations on European Union.
Represents Germany as the Maastricht European Council opens the decisive negotiations on European Union.
Hosts the European Council that reaches agreement on the new treaty.
Negotiates Britain's position during the decisive European Council.
Represents Belgium during negotiations on the Treaty on European Union.
Represents Greece as the Maastricht European Council opens the decisive negotiations on European Union.
Mitterrand worked with Helmut Kohl to secure agreement at the Maastricht European Council.
Works with Helmut Kohl to secure agreement on the treaty.
Represents Luxembourg during the negotiations completed at Maastricht.
Represents Denmark as the Maastricht European Council opens the final negotiations on European Union.
Participates in negotiations on the common foreign and security policy provisions of the emerging Treaty on European Union.
Supports the final economic and monetary provisions agreed at Maastricht.
Supports the final economic and monetary provisions agreed at Maastricht.
Helps negotiate the monetary-union provisions and convergence framework agreed at Maastricht.
Delors supported agreement on treaty provisions establishing the route toward a single European currency.
Negotiates opt outs from the single currency and Social Chapter.
Participates as the Twelve complete political agreement on the Treaty on European Union at Maastricht.
Helps conclude the political and foreign-policy provisions of the Maastricht settlement.
Helps conclude the political and foreign-policy provisions of the Maastricht settlement.
Helps conclude the foreign-policy and political provisions of the Maastricht settlement.
Mitterrand helped secure agreement on a treaty combining political union with economic and monetary integration.
Serves as a leading voice for the Palestinian delegation at Madrid.
Co-sponsors the Madrid Peace Conference with the Soviet Union.
Participates in the Madrid process as Palestinian diplomacy enters direct talks.
Leads Israel to the Madrid Conference, opening direct talks after years of Intifada violence.
Pervez Musharraf is promoted to major general.
Appointed as manager of 3rd Division Exeter City
Boomer's Marine divisions break through Iraqi defensive belts in eastern Kuwait.
The rapid advance threatens Iraqi positions around Kuwait City.
The 1st and 2nd Marine Divisions cross into Kuwait during the coalition ground assault.
Commands Marine forces breaching Iraqi defenses in eastern Kuwait.
Directs naval interception operations enforcing sanctions against Iraq.
Fogarty directs multinational enforcement of United Nations sanctions against Iraqi shipping.
Signs a package of presidential decrees and government orders intended to move Russia toward a market economy.
Appointed Mayor of Moscow
Signs the Treaty of Asuncion creating the Southern Common Market, MERCOSUR
Muhleman participates in radar mapping that detects highly reflective material near Mercury's north pole, providing evidence for polar ice.
Goldstone and Very Large Array radar observations reveal an unusually bright region near Mercury's north pole consistent with water ice.
Metallica release their self-titled album, Metallica (popularly known as The Black Album by fans), which includes songs such as "Enter Sandman", "Nothing Else Matters", "Sad But True," "The Unforgiven," "Holier Than Thou," and "Wherever I May Roam."
Metallica release their self-titled album, Metallica (popularly known as The Black Album by fans), which includes songs such as "Enter Sandman", "Nothing Else Matters", "Sad But True," "The Unforgiven," "Holier Than Thou," and "Wherever I May Roam."
Metallica release their self-titled album, Metallica (popularly known as The Black Album by fans), which includes songs such as "Enter Sandman", "Nothing Else Matters", "Sad But True," "The Unforgiven," "Holier Than Thou," and "Wherever I May Roam."
Metallica release their self-titled album, Metallica (popularly known as The Black Album by fans) is co-produced by Bob Rock
Metallica release their self-titled album, Metallica (popularly known as The Black Album by fans), which includes songs such as "Enter Sandman", "Nothing Else Matters", "Sad But True," "The Unforgiven," "Holier Than Thou," and "Wherever I May Roam."
The US gives aid to Hanoi when it helps account for 2,276 missing US soldiers
Directs mine-clearing operations near the Kuwaiti coast.
Appointed Minister of Finance
Appointed Minister of Finance, Deputy
Appointed Minister of Internal Affairs for USSR
Appointed Minister of State Security
The Angolan Government and UNITA form the Joint Verification and Monitoring Commission and the Joint Commission on the Formation of the Angolan Armed Forces
Portrays Jim Morrison in Stone's film.
Advances toward routes northwest of Kuwait City.
Russia, Byelorussia and Ukraine declare the Soviet national Government dead, forging a new alliance to be known as the Commonwealth of Independent States
The National Indoor Arena opens for sport, concerts and large public events.
Arthur commands carrier, surface, amphibious and mine-warfare forces supporting Desert Storm.
Rao's government announces a new industrial policy that dismantles much of the industrial licensing system.
Advances toward routes west of Kuwait City.
President Bush warns Iraq it would be making "an enormous mistake" if it failed to disclose its nuclear weapons program to United Nations inspectors
Bush & Gorbachev sign the Strategic Arms Reduction
Announces cuts in nuclear weapons
The US & Russia agree to arms control after 9 years of negotiatons
Bush & Gorbachev sign the Strategic Arms Reduction
Announces nuclear cuts
Major says Britain will keep Trident
Coalition forces restore control of Kuwait City to Kuwaiti authorities.
Orders coalition offensive operations suspended.
Coalition forces capture prisoners from occupied oil platforms.
Retreating Iraqi forces ignite hundreds of Kuwaiti oil wells.
The milestone closes a major environmental legacy of the occupation.
Iraqi forces release large quantities of oil from Kuwaiti facilities.
Directs an air strike intended to interrupt oil flowing offshore.
Bush suspends offensive combat exactly one hundred hours after the ground campaign begins.
Indira Hinduja's work leads to India's first reported birth using an oocyte donation technique for infertility treatment.
Horner directs coalition aircraft against Iraqi air defences, command centres and strategic targets.
Commands French forces advancing on the coalition's western flank.
Major confirms British participation as coalition air operations begin against Iraqi forces.
Directs the coalition campaign after Desert Storm begins.
De la Billiere directs British forces to cease offensive operations and consolidate positions.
Commands British forces throughout the Kuwait liberation campaign.
The division attacks Iraqi forces on VII Corps' southern flank.
Toure leads officers who remove Moussa Traore after pro-democracy demonstrations and military unrest.
Hun Sen remains Prime Minister during the Paris Peace Accords settlement
Khmer Rouge refuse to fully comply with the Paris Peace Accords
A ceasefire is agreed between Serbia & Slovenia
Calls a conference attended by the Inkatha Freedom Party, the ANC & the National Party
Calls a conference attended by the Inkatha Freedom Party, the ANC & the National Party
Directs US naval forces supporting the coalition campaign.
Takes part in a Commons debate specifically addressing abolition of the community charge.
Answers parliamentary questions concerning pollution control.
Supports cohesion measures and deeper European political cooperation.
The new cabinet concentrates on reconstruction and restoration of services.
Leads reconstruction planning after widespread occupation damage.
Druc leaves office before Moldova's declaration of independence
Becomes President of Albania during the democratic transition
Elected President by the new parliament after the first multiparty election
Nazarbayev wins Kazakhstan's first presidential election
Snegur wins Moldova's first direct presidential election
Appointed President of Guatemala
Becomes president after adoption of the constitution
Approves the decree that will free most retail prices from state control in January 1992.
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Leads the Slovak government during federal negotiations.
Becomes prime minister after Kaysone moves to the presidency
Appointed Prime Minister of Angola, 1st term
P.V. Narasimha Rao becomes Prime Minister after the 1991 general election.
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan
Appointed Prime Minister, 2nd term
Stolojan forms a government following Petre Roman's resignation.
Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 1st term
Habib Thiam returns as Prime Minister when the office is restored
Valeriu Muravschi becomes Prime Minister of the Moldovan SSR
Sergey Tereshchenko becomes Prime Minister during the independence transition
Tens of thousands demonstrate in Moscow in support of Yeltsin despite restrictions on public rallies.
Coalition forces use airborne radar surveillance during the Gulf War.
South African troops plunder Mandelas dwelling
A revolt against the Government begins in Basra & spreads to other Shiite cities
A revolt against the Government begins in Basra & spreads to other Shiite cities
Troops are moved into Ossetia to reassert control over Georgia
Coordinates Saudi and Qatari forces that retake Khafji.
Khalid coordinates Saudi and Qatari forces that recapture Khafji from Iraqi troops.
Oversees Saudi defense policy during the Battle of Khafji.
The USA recognizes the independence of Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania
Forms the first government after liberation.
A referendum in Lithuania votes in favour of independence from Moscow
Small majority a renewed federation of socialist sovereign republics
The people of Leningrad vote by 55% to 43% to change their city name to Saint Petersburg
The Ukraine votes for its independence during a referendum
Bosnian Serbs hold a referendum which results in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a federal state with Serbia and Montenegro, as part of Yugoslavia
Bosnias Muslims and Croats vote for independence in referendum boycotted by Serbs
In Bosnia, the most ethnically mixed Yugoslav republic, the Serb minority holds an unofficial referendum opposing separation from Yugoslavia
The people of Leningrad vote by 55% to 43% to change their city name to Saint Petersburg
The draft of a new platform for the Soviet Communist Party is published, calling for private property, economic integration into world market and freedom of religion
Announces proposals for a new constitution that will provide black suffrage. Announces a new constitution that will provide suffrage for black people
Ends all party & political activities in the MVD
Gorbachev urges Communist leaders at a Central Committee meeting to reject "outdated ideological dogmas" and embrace a market economy
President Bush lifts economic sanctions
Launches the Citizens Charter
The Land Acts of 1913 & 1936 are repealed. The Group Areas Act of 1950 is repealed
The House of Lords rejects the War Crimes Bill for the 2nd time
The Government uses the Parliament Act to pass the War Crimes Bill
Ordered by Gorbachov to convert the KGB into a normal police force
Announces the Government's intention to replace the poll tax with a new council tax.
The Budget increase VAT to 17.5% to finance cuts in poll tax
Iraq fails to accept the coalition's unconditional withdrawal deadline.
reporting on the extent of coalition efforts to destroy Scuds and emphasizing that Israeli intervention could endanger US forces
Leads rebel Serb authorities in Krajina.
The Serb deputies form the Assembly of the Serb People in Bosnia and Herzegovina representative of the Bosnian Serb population, ending the tripartite coalition
Corps forces attack Republican Guard formations protecting withdrawal routes.
Bush urges Israel not to retaliate and risk fracturing the Arab coalition.
Forced to resign by the Socialist Party
Resigns as leader of the Communist Party
Gorbachev resigns his position as President of the USSR, signifying the demise of the Soviet Union, 14 former Soviet republics (including Russia) become independent states
Putin resigns from the state security services during the KGB-supported abortive putsch against Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev
Emerges as the principal public leader of resistance to the State Committee for the State of Emergency.
Announces she will not stand at the next election
Leaves the deputy prime ministership after decades in government
Presents the truth commission's findings and apologizes on behalf of the state.
Returns to Kuwait after the occupation and liberation.
RUF fighters enter eastern Sierra Leone from Liberia and begin the civil war
Foday Sankoh leads the Revolutionary United Front into Kailahun District
Charles Taylor supports RUF operations launched from Liberian territory
India devalues the rupee in two stages as part of its response to the 1991 balance-of-payments crisis.
Russia assumes the Soviet Union's United Nations membership and Security Council seat.
Assumes Russia's central responsibility for the former Soviet strategic nuclear arsenal after Gorbachev leaves office.
Moves to bring key Soviet-era institutions and property inside Russia under Russian state control after the coup fails.
The Russian legislature ratifies the Belovezha agreement establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States.
Russia agrees to provide emergency financial support to the Soviet central government during its final budget crisis.
Uses the Russian White House as the political headquarters for organized resistance to the emergency committee.
Represents Iraq during military ceasefire talks at Safwan.
Meets Iraqi commanders to establish military ceasefire arrangements.
Schwarzkopf meets Iraqi commanders to establish military arrangements for the ceasefire.
Sultan Hashim accepts coalition terms concerning prisoners, boundaries and military movements.
Meets Iraqi commanders after the coalition victory.
President Bush lifts economic sanctions against South Africa, citing its "profound transformation" toward racial equality
Khalid coordinates air-defence measures as Iraqi Scud missiles threaten Saudi cities and bases.
Disclosures about unauthorized loans from the Mirror pension fund
The fires cause immense economic and environmental damage.
A Scud missile hit the Israeli city of Ramat Gan, after two coalition Patriots failed to intercept it. Three elderly people suffered fatal heart attacks, another 96 people were injured, and 20 apartment buildings were damaged.
After this attack, the Israelis warned that if the US failed to stop the attacks, they would.
At one point Israeli commandos boarded helicopters prepared to fly into Iraq but the mission was called off after a phone call from US Defence Secretary Dick Cheney
reporting on the extent of coalition efforts to destroy Scuds and emphasizing that Israeli intervention could endanger US forces
A Scud missile hit the Israeli city of Ramat Gan, after two coalition Patriots failed to intercept it. Three elderly people suffered fatal heart attacks, another 96 people were injured, and 20 apartment buildings were damaged.
After this attack, the Israelis warned that if the US failed to stop the attacks, they would.
At one point Israeli commandos boarded helicopters prepared to fly into Iraq but the mission was called off after a phone call from US Defence Secretary Dick Cheney
reporting on the extent of coalition efforts to destroy Scuds and emphasizing that Israeli intervention could endanger US forces
Iraqi forces fired a Scud missile at an American barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. The missile attack killed 28 US military personnel
Holder's regiment finds and engages major elements of the Tawakalna Division.
Leads the 2nd Marine Division through Iraqi defensive belts.
Keys leads the division through minefields and defensive positions toward Kuwait City.
Leads the division through minefields and prepared defenses.
Closes the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site after decades of Soviet nuclear testing.
A separate Serb Assembly is founded in Banja Luka to exclusively represent the Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina
A separate Serb Assembly is founded in order to exclusively represent the Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The SDS bgins to establish various "Serb Autonomous Regions" throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina
Parliament adopts the Enforcement of Shariat Act under Nawaz Sharif.
Uses shuttle diplomacy to bring Israeli, Arab and Palestinian representatives to Madrid.
Directs the Yugoslav military during operations around Dubrovnik.
Leads Croatia as Yugoslav forces attack the Dubrovnik region.
Hundreds of oil wells are set alight by Iraq as it faces defeat, extinguished Nov 3
Troops are moved into Ossetia to reassert control over Georgia
War breaks out between the Bosnian Government and local Serbs, who start 1992-1995 siege of capital Sarajevo
Commands Croatian defence during the siege.
Serb and Yugoslav forces besiege Vukovar.
Oversees Yugoslav military operations as the siege begins.
Directs Croatia during the defense of Vukovar.
Arthur employs six aircraft carriers supporting strikes from the Gulf and Red Sea.
Slovenia declares independence from Yugoslavia.
South Africa accedes to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty as a non-nuclear-weapon state.
Mobutu opens a national conference intended to negotiate political transition.
Gorbachev proposes a timetable for Iraqi withdrawal and an end to fighting.
Announces reciprocal Soviet reductions and changes to tactical nuclear forces following the United States initiative.
Saddam accepts a Soviet proposal containing conditions unacceptable to the coalition.
Supports European citizenship, cohesion and the monetary-union programme.
ANC leader Nelson Mandela addresses congress
Signs START I with Mikhail Gorbachev, requiring major reductions in strategic nuclear weapons.
Declares as state of emergency
Forms an 8 man Emergency Committee & declares Gorbachev deposed & a state of emergency
Forms an 8 man Emergency Committee & declares Gorbachev deposed & a state of emergency
Declares a state of emergency
bin Abdullah participates in state visit connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Bush & Gorbachev sign the Strategic Arms Reduction
Schwarzkopf directs an air strike that interrupts oil flowing into the Persian Gulf.
Succeeds Oliver Tambo during the first legal national conference.
Announces a new constitution that will provide suffrage for black people
Death of Boris Pugo, commits suicide during the attempted coud dEtat
Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev makes a personal appeal for Western aid at the conclusion of the Group of Seven economic summit in London
Symphony Hall opens as the principal home of the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra.
Leads the 1st Marine Division during the Kuwait ground attack.
Yugoslav forces move against Slovenian independence.
Directs the federal military response to Slovenian independence.
Leads Slovenia as fighting begins with the Yugoslav People's Army.
Stars as Jim Morrison in Oliver Stone's film The Doors.
Directs the biographical film The Doors.
Releases The Doors, a dramatized film biography.
Releases The Mix, reworking earlier Kraftwerk material with updated digital production.
Participates in The Mix as Kraftwerk revise their catalogue for a digital era.
Toure heads a transitional authority committed to constitutional government and multiparty elections.
Soviet and American negotiators meeting in Washington wrangle over a Treaty to reduce long-range nuclear missiles
Speaks for Italy at Luxembourg while leaders assess progress toward a new treaty.
Takes part in the first day at Maastricht as Italy presses its priorities in the final negotiations.
Supports France's economic negotiating line as the proposed monetary union takes shape.
Advances France's economic position as the Maastricht monetary settlement is finalised.
Works to reconcile Italy's fiscal interests with the emerging economic and monetary union settlement.
Supports the convergence framework accepted by Italy at the end of the Maastricht negotiations.
Leads Portugal at Luxembourg while the Twelve review treaty work on political and monetary union.
Leads Portugal at Maastricht as the Twelve seek to close the remaining treaty disputes.
Advances Greece's financial interests while the Twelve examine the design of economic and monetary union.
Supports Greece's approach to convergence criteria and the timetable for monetary union.
Contributes Ireland's diplomatic position to the Luxembourg phase of the treaty negotiations.
Works through the remaining diplomatic issues before Ireland accepts the Maastricht settlement.
Supports the political-union provisions sought by Italy during the Luxembourg summit.
Helps finalise the political provisions that Italy accepts in the new Treaty on European Union.
Helps define France's approach to political cooperation during the Luxembourg European Council.
Contributes to the political-union compromise accepted by France on the summit's final day.
Supports Denmark's treaty diplomacy during Luxembourg negotiations on common foreign-policy cooperation.
Works on the political-union provisions accepted by Denmark in the final Maastricht compromise.
Advances Belgium's foreign-policy position as Luxembourg discussions focus on political union.
Helps conclude Belgium's political and foreign-policy settlement as the Maastricht negotiations reach agreement.
Represents Spain's foreign-policy interests as the proposed Union's political provisions are examined.
Works on Germany's political-union priorities while the Twelve meet in Luxembourg.
Secures Germany's diplomatic interests in the final agreement on political cooperation.
Represents Spain at Luxembourg as leaders review unresolved questions in the future Union treaty.
Joins the Maastricht summit as Spain works toward a settlement on political and monetary union.
Attends the Luxembourg European Council as Ireland considers the architecture of the proposed European Union.
Represents Ireland at the opening of the summit that will settle the new Union treaty.
Supports Britain's intergovernmental approach to foreign-policy cooperation during the Luxembourg talks.
Hurd represents British foreign-policy interests as the final Maastricht negotiations open.
Hurd helps finalise Britain's intergovernmental safeguards in foreign and security policy.
Supports Luxembourg's approach to monetary convergence while the treaty negotiations advance.
Helps complete Luxembourg's economic negotiating position in the final Union treaty.
Takes Germany's position to Luxembourg as leaders examine the two intergovernmental conferences.
Takes Germany's position into the opening day of the Maastricht European Council.
Shapes Netherlands's financial position during discussions on the future monetary union.
Backs the monetary-union provisions included in Netherlands's Maastricht settlement.
Defends British monetary flexibility while the Luxembourg talks consider the proposed path to a single currency.
Lamont defends Britain's monetary flexibility as leaders negotiate the proposed single-currency framework.
Takes part in the Luxembourg European Council as Netherlands weighs the next stage of integration.
Represents Netherlands as leaders open the final round of bargaining over European Union.
Represents Portugal's economic concerns as the Luxembourg summit reviews EMU negotiations.
Represents Great Britain during the Luxembourg summit's review of negotiations that will culminate at Maastricht.
Secures British opt-outs from the third stage of monetary union and the Agreement on Social Policy.
Leads Belgium's delegation as the Luxembourg European Council reviews progress toward political and monetary union.
Represents Belgium as the Maastricht European Council opens the decisive treaty negotiations.
Develops Belgium's monetary position as negotiations continue on the path toward economic and monetary union.
Supports the monetary-union framework accepted by Belgium when the Maastricht settlement is concluded.
Joins the Luxembourg European Council while Greece helps shape the emerging treaty settlement.
Represents Greece when leaders begin the final political bargaining over the Union treaty.
Carries France's negotiating position into the Luxembourg summit on political and monetary integration.
Leads France's participation as the final European Council negotiations begin at Maastricht.
Presents Portugal's position on political union as the European Council meets in Luxembourg.
Coordinates Luxembourg's foreign-policy stance as leaders review the future treaty at Luxembourg.
Supports Luxembourg's final agreement on the treaty's foreign-policy and institutional provisions.
Supports Denmark's economic priorities during the Luxembourg review of monetary-union negotiations.
Assesses the monetary-union framework from Ireland's economic-policy perspective during the Luxembourg talks.
Presses Greece's diplomatic objectives during the Luxembourg review of treaty negotiations.
Supports the foreign-policy framework accepted by Greece when the Maastricht settlement is completed.
Represents Luxembourg as the Luxembourg summit considers the developing framework for European Union.
Carries Luxembourg's negotiating mandate into the decisive Maastricht European Council.
Represents Denmark when the Luxembourg summit assesses the treaty negotiations on political union and EMU.
Leads Denmark into the final Maastricht summit as the Twelve seek agreement on European Union.
Helps frame Spain's position on convergence and monetary integration during the Luxembourg phase.
Helps conclude the financial provisions governing Spain's participation in economic and monetary union.
Works to protect Netherlands's diplomatic priorities during the Luxembourg negotiations.
Concludes Netherlands's diplomatic work on the political pillar of the Maastricht settlement.
Works on Germany's response to proposed convergence rules and future monetary institutions.
Works on the economic provisions that Germany accepts in the final Maastricht agreement.
Bush & Gorbachev sign the Strategic Arms Reduction
Cresson represents France as Spain and Portugal sign Schengen accession agreements. French officials link border removal with operational law-enforcement cooperation.
In France, Dumas endorses Spanish and Portuguese accession to the Convention at the Bonn signing. The French approach stresses both free movement and compensating security measures.
In Belgium, Eyskens endorses the Bonn agreements extending Schengen to Spain and Portugal. Belgian officials favour gradual implementation backed by shared security measures.
In Germany, Genscher supports the Bonn agreements extending Schengen to Spain and Portugal. The German approach combines mobility with coordinated frontier safeguards.
Kohl represents Germany as Spain and Portugal sign Schengen accession agreements. German officials emphasise reliable information-sharing between national authorities.
Lubbers represents Netherlands as Spain and Portugal sign Schengen accession agreements. Dutch officials favour shared information systems alongside open internal borders.
Martens represents Belgium as Spain and Portugal sign Schengen accession agreements. The Belgian approach combines mobility with common visa and policing rules.
In Netherlands, van den Broek supports the Bonn accession agreements bringing Spain and Portugal into the Schengen framework. The Dutch approach combines mobility with common security safeguards.
Signs START 1 with the USA to reduce offensive strategic arms
Bush & Gorbachev sign the Strategic Arms Reduction
Hungary, Poland & Czech join the Visegrad Triangle for investment & EU membership
Hungary, Poland & Czech join the Visegrad Triangle for investment & EU membership
Andreas Papandreou goes on trial on corruption-related charges and is later acquitted.
Boxer Mike Tyson had sex with Desiree Washington, a Miss Black America contestant. On September 9, 1991, an Indiana Grand Jury votedsto indict Tyson on three counts, including one for the rape of Washington
Desiree Washington, a Miss Black America contestant, charged shed been raped by boxer Mike Tyson in an Indianapolis hotel room 3 days earlier, Tyson is later convicted of rape and served three years in prison
Major says Britain will keep Trident as its independent nuclear deterrent
Leads mechanized forces rapidly through southern Iraq.
Leads a rapid mechanized advance through southern Iraq.
Bush invokes United Nations and congressional authority when announcing military action.
Security Council sets immediate requirements following coalition victory.
United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) was an inspection regime created with the adoption of United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 in April 1991 to oversee Iraq's compliance with the destruction of Iraqi chemical, biological, and missile weapons facilities and to cooperate with the International Atomic Energy Agency's efforts to eliminate nuclear weapon facilities all in the aftermath of the Gulf War
Security Council establishes the formal ceasefire framework with Iraq.
Security Council establishes the United Nations Compensation Commission.
The United Nations sets immediate obligations for Iraq following the coalition ceasefire.
The United Nations establishes the formal ceasefire and Iraq's disarmament obligations.
Converts the decisive penalty as Portugal defeat Brazil.
Helps Portugal defeat Brazil in the Under-20 World Cup final.
Appears on Union, bringing together the Yes and Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe camps.
Returns under the Yes name for Union and the large multi-member tour.
The USSR is renamed the Union of Soviet Sovereign Republics
President Jose Eduardo dos Santos of the MPLA and Jonas Savimbi of UNITA sign the accord in Lisbon, Portugal
UNITA and the Angolan Government began six rounds of negotiations, the Portuguese Government mediates the discussion while officials from the US and Soviet Governments observe. The Angolan Government and UNITA form the Joint Verification and Monitoring Commission and the Joint Commission on the Formation of the Angolan Armed Forces
The Bicesse Accords, also known as the Estoril Accords, lay out a transition to multi-party democracy in Angola under the supervision of the United Nations UNAVEM II mission
The accords attempt to demobilize the 152,000 active fighters and integrate the remaining Government troops and UNITA rebels into a 50,000-strong Angolan Armed Forces (FAA). President Jose Eduardo dos Santos of the MPLA and Jonas Savimbi of UNITA sign the accord in Lisbon, Portugal
President Bush warns Iraq it would be making "an enormous mistake" if it failed to disclose its nuclear weapons program to United Nations inspectors
Russia takes the USSRs place in the UN
The Bicesse Accords, also known as the Estoril Accords, lay out a transition to multi-party democracy in Angola under the supervision of the United Nations UNAVEM II mission
United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) was an inspection regime created with the adoption of United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 in April 1991 to oversee Iraq's compliance with the destruction of Iraqi chemical, biological, and missile weapons facilities and to cooperate with the International Atomic Energy Agency's efforts to eliminate nuclear weapon facilities all in the aftermath of the Gulf War.
Addresses Commons questions on urban development corporations.
Announces unilateral reductions and withdrawals of numerous United States tactical nuclear weapons.
Speaks by telephone with George H. W. Bush as the United States prepares formal recognition of Russia.
Receives congressional authorization to use force against Iraq.
USS Missouri begins bombardment missions against Iraqi coastal positions and artillery.
Arthur directs damage control and continued operations after two ships strike Iraqi mines.
USS Wisconsin supports coalition forces by firing heavy naval guns at Iraqi targets.
Releases Vagabond Heart, including Rhythm of My Heart and The Motown Song.
Appointed President of Russia by the Emergency Committee
Commands the division opening lanes through Iraqi fortifications.
Franks commits armoured divisions against Republican Guard formations in southern Iraq.
Franks begins the armoured advance intended to destroy the Republican Guard.
Commands VII Corps during the armored envelopment west of Kuwait.
Commands VII Corps in the coalition's armored offensive.
Opens lanes enabling VII Corps armored forces to advance.
Hungary, Poland and Czech join the Visegrad Triangle for investment and EU membership
Hungary, Poland and Czech join the Visegrad Triangle for investment and EU membership
Hungary, Poland & Czech join the Visegrad Triangle for investment & EU membership
Hungary, Poland & Czech join the Visegrad Triangle for investment & EU membership
Hungary, Poland & Czech join the Visegrad Triangle for investment & EU membership
Hungary, Poland & Czech join the Visegrad Triangle for investment & EU membership
Hungary, Poland & Czech join the Visegrad Triangle for investment & EU membership
Hungary, Poland & Czech join the Visegrad Triangle for investment & EU membership
The 1st Russian President to visit Japan
President Bush tours the Souda Bay US naval base during a visit to Greece
Voyager 2's photopolarimeter is switched off after degraded performance ends the experiment.
Conducts attacks supporting deception near Wadi al-Batin.
Leaders of the Warsaw Pact sign a protocol terminating the Warsaw Pact Organisation
Leaders of the Warsaw Pact sign a protocol terminating the Warsaw Pact Organisation
Leaders of the Warsaw Pact sign a protocol terminating the Warsaw Pact Organisation
Leaders of the Warsaw Pact sign a protocol terminating the Warsaw Pact Organisation
Plays keyboards on We Can't Dance, the last Genesis studio album with Phil Collins.
Releases Weld, a live album capturing his noisy early-1990s tour with Crazy Horse.
Luck's corps advances deep into Iraq on the coalition's western flank.
The maneuver helps isolate Iraqi formations occupying Kuwait.
Airborne and mechanized forces isolate Iraqi units occupying Kuwait.
Addresses crowds from an armoured vehicle outside the Russian White House during resistance to the August coup.
Meets President George H. W. Bush at the White House after his election as Russian president.
Steffi Graf wins the womens singles title at Wimbledon, defeating Gabriela Sabatini 6-4, 3-6, 8-6
Non essential US Embassy staff are withdrawn from Ethiopia
Orders Iraqi forces to leave Kuwait during the coalition advance.
Bush publishes coalition conditions that could prevent the ground campaign.
Commands the far western wing of the ground offensive.
Commands the western wing of the coalition ground attack.
Opposes the breakup of Yugoslavia.
Death of Boris Pugo, commits suicide during the attempted coud dEtat
Actress Lee Remick (55) dies in Los Angeles of cancer
Death of Rajiv Gandhi
Found drowned off his luxury yacht in the Canary Islands
Death of Robert Maxwell
Death of Stanley Harding "Stan" Mortensen
Death of Yves Montand
Coalition aircraft strike Iraqi columns and reinforce Saudi and Qatari defenders.
Rhame's division fights through Iraqi armoured forces around Objective Norfolk.
McMaster leads Eagle Troop in a rapid armoured engagement against Republican Guard forces.
Coalition naval aircraft destroy or disable much of Iraq's fleet fleeing toward Iran.
Iraqi forces attacked and occupied the lightly defended Saudi city of Khafji with tanks and infantry. The Battle of Khafji ended two days later when the Iraqis were driven back by the Saudi Arabian National Guard, supported by Qatari forces and US Marines
Coordinates Saudi and coalition forces during the battle of Khafji.
Griffith's division defeats Republican Guard armour during the battle of Medina Ridge.
King Fahd commends Saudi, Qatari and coalition forces after Khafji is retaken.
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