2019 in History

Narendra Modi wins a second term after the BJP-led alliance secures another parliamentary majority.

Announces his 2020 presidential campaign.

Burnham reports that more than nine hundred people have received accommodation and support.

Burnham expands winter accommodation, specialist support and provision across the city-region.

Abdicates the Japanese throne.

Tokayev becomes acting President after Nazarbayev resigns

Mujahid Anwar Khan leads the Pakistan Air Force during the aerial confrontation with India following the Balakot strike.

Supports a political agreement establishing a process for drafting a new constitution.

Captains Ajax to the Eredivisie title and KNVB Cup during a breakthrough European season.

Completes a second-half hat-trick in stoppage time to send Tottenham into the final.

Keeps Tottenham scoreless as Liverpool win their sixth European Cup.

Performs the first all-female spacewalk with Jessica Meir.

Performs the first all-female spacewalk with Christina Koch.

Marks fifty years since walking on the Moon.

Keita appoints Cisse to form a government following the previous cabinet's resignation.

Kyriakos Mitsotakis becomes Prime Minister after New Democracy wins the election.

Faces attacks on Saudi oil facilities at Abqaiq and Khurais.

Saudi Aramco begins trading after the world's largest initial public offering.

Zia Ur Rehman arrives at MINURSO headquarters to begin operational command of the mission's military component.

New Horizons flies past Arrokoth, completing the most distant close reconnaissance of a Solar System object ever attempted.

The Kuiper Belt object 2014 MU69 receives the official name Arrokoth following the New Horizons flyby.

Becomes Arsenal head coach after assisting Pep Guardiola.

NASA names its Moon return programme Artemis.

The government removes Jammu and Kashmir's special constitutional status and reorganises the former state into two union territories.

The European Union grants a Brexit extension to 31 January 2020.

Secures legislation requiring the government to seek an Article 50 extension.

MPs vote to seek an extension to the Article 50 process.

The European Council grants a further extension to 31 October 2019.

The European Council grants a short Article 50 extension.

Announces death of ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi in U.S. raid.

Sponsors legislation requiring an extension request to avoid no deal.

The European Union Withdrawal No 2 Act receives royal assent.

Shares the Booker Prize for The Testaments.

Shares the Booker Prize for Girl, Woman, Other.

Moves to reprogram Pentagon funds for border wall.

Wins his first senior international tournament as national-team coach.

Launches the Brexit Party ahead of the European Parliament election.

Zoran Tegeltija becomes Chairman of the Council of Ministers

Captains Liverpool to Champions League victory.

Guides Liverpool to Champions League victory over Tottenham Hotspur.

Scores the opening penalty as Liverpool win the Champions League final.

Starts for Ajax as the club narrowly misses the UEFA Champions League final against Tottenham Hotspur.

Scores twice as a substitute in Liverpool's 4-0 comeback victory over Barcelona in the Champions League semi-final.

Starts as Liverpool defeat Tottenham Hotspur 2-0 to win the UEFA Champions League.

Smith leads Villa past Derby County to secure promotion to the Premier League.

Becomes Austria's first female Chancellor.

Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer by Boris Johnson.

K. Sivan leads ISRO when Chandrayaan-2 launches toward the Moon with an orbiter, lander and rover.

Responds to the Christchurch mosque attacks.

Helps secure the inaugural tournament title on home soil.

Starmer supports placing a negotiated Brexit outcome before voters in a referendum.

Wins approval for constitutional amendments extending presidential terms and strengthening executive authority.

Captains Brazil to Copa America victory over Peru.

Manages Brazil to Copa America victory over Peru.

Chinese authorities report pneumonia cases of unknown cause in Wuhan to the World Health Organization.

Qureshi conducts diplomatic outreach as Pakistan seeks international support for de-escalation during the February crisis with India.

Welcomes seventy-six Ukrainians returning from detention after agreements reached at the Normandy summit.

Is declared winner of the delayed 2018 presidential election before taking office later in January.

Participates in diplomacy around the Trump and Kim meeting at the DMZ.

Meets Kim Jong Un at the Korean Demilitarized Zone.

Meets parliamentary leaders to discuss dissolving parliament and holding an early election.

Faces the Easter Sunday bombings in Sri Lanka.

Iran announces enrichment above the JCPOA uranium limit.

Accedes to the Chrysanthemum Throne after Emperor Akihito abdicates.

Meets European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker and confirms Ukraine's European integration course.

Faces European Parliament election results during her final full term.

The Brexit Party wins the UK European Parliament election.

Suspends the extradition bill after mass protests.

Announces the withdrawal of the extradition bill.

Chang'e 4 achieves the first soft landing on the far side of the Moon.

Wins the Australian federal election.

Begins his first foreign presidential visit at European Union and NATO institutions in Brussels.

As EHT project director, announces the first image of a black hole shadow, obtained from the supermassive black hole M87*.

Is impeached by the House of Representatives.

Begins his international career as a versatile forward.

Starmer opposes Theresa May's withdrawal agreement during the first meaningful vote.

Mitsotakis forms a New Democracy government after the July election.

Begins his first senior managerial appointment.

Scores the opening goal as Arsenal defeat Tottenham Hotspur 2-0 in the first top-flight women's north London derby.

Appointed Foreign Secretary by Boris Johnson.

Faces nationwide protests after fuel price rises.

Participates in G7 summit discussing trade and Iran.

Leads the pro-military camp through Thailand's general election.

Leads Labour to defeat in the general election.

Wins a Conservative majority on the slogan Get Brexit Done.

Leads Likud in the first Israeli general election of 2019.

Leads the African National Congress to victory in the general election.

Wins the first Spanish general election of 2019 without a majority.

Leads the SNP to major gains in Scotland at the general election.

Loses her seat in the general election.

Wins a 2nd term as Prime Minister with a Liberal minority government.

Leads the pro-military camp through Thailand's general election.

Wins a Conservative majority on the slogan Get Brexit Done.

Leads Likud in the first Israeli general election of 2019.

Leads the African National Congress to victory in the general election.

Wins the first Spanish general election of 2019 without a majority.

Leads the SNP to major gains in Scotland at the general election.

Wins a 2nd term as Prime Minister with a Liberal minority government.

Wins the second Spanish general election of 2019 without a majority.

General election outcome recorded for Prayut Chan-o-cha: Leads the pro-military camp through Thailand's general election.

General election outcome recorded for Boris Johnson: Wins a Conservative majority on the slogan Get Brexit Done.

General election outcome recorded for Benjamin Netanyahu: Leads Likud in the first Israeli general election of 2019.

General election outcome recorded for Cyril Ramaphosa: Leads the African National Congress to victory in the general election.

General election outcome recorded for Pedro Sanchez: Wins the first Spanish general election of 2019 without a majority.

General election outcome recorded for Nicola Sturgeon: Leads the SNP to major gains in Scotland at the general election.

General election outcome recorded for Justin Trudeau: Wins a 2nd term as Prime Minister with a Liberal minority government.

Government context for this general election: Leads the pro-military camp through Thailand's general election.

Government context for this general election: Wins a Conservative majority on the slogan Get Brexit Done.

Government context for this general election: Leads Likud in the first Israeli general election of 2019.

Government context for this general election: Leads the African National Congress to victory in the general election.

Government context for this general election: Wins the first Spanish general election of 2019 without a majority.

Government context for this general election: Leads the SNP to major gains in Scotland at the general election.

Government context for this general election: Wins a 2nd term as Prime Minister with a Liberal minority government.

His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.

His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.

Agrees to reopen the federal government after the longest shutdown in United States history.

Saudi mediation seeks to stabilize Aden and reunify anti-Houthi forces.

Oversees passage of gun law reforms after the Christchurch attack.

Meets Donald Trump at the Hanoi summit.

Tokayev formally assumes the head-of-state role after election

Appointed Home Secretary by Boris Johnson.

Illingworth helps assemble the Hubble Legacy Field from thousands of exposures, creating a wide deep view containing about 265,000 galaxies.

Faces coalition collapse after the Ibiza affair.

Syrian government forces intensify operations in the Idlib region.

Presides over the House during the impeachment of Donald Trump.

Is impeached by the House of Representatives.

Faces a formal impeachment inquiry opened by the House of Representatives.

House opens formal impeachment inquiry over Ukraine dealings.

Adds a second senior international trophy with Portugal.

Russia suspends participation in the INF Treaty after the United States announces withdrawal.

Anez assumes the interim presidency during the post-election political crisis.

Parliamentary speaker Mohamed Ennaceur became interim president after Beji Caid Essebsi's death.

bin Abdullah participates in jerusalem policy connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

Joker wins the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival.

Imran Khan inaugurates the Kartarpur Corridor for Sikh pilgrims.

Imran Khan condemns India's removal of Jammu and Kashmir's special constitutional status.

Tunisia elected a new Assembly of the People's Representatives, with no party winning a majority.

The Commons passes the Letwin amendment delaying approval of the Brexit deal.

LIGO and Virgo begin the O3 observing run for gravitational waves.

Agrees to reopen government after record-length shutdown.

Contributes imaging methods used by the Event Horizon Telescope collaboration to reconstruct the first black hole image from M87 data.

Contributes theoretical modelling used to interpret the Event Horizon Telescope image and infer properties of the M87 black hole.

As EHT Science Council chair, helps lead the collaboration that reveals the first direct image of a black hole shadow in M87.

Contributes tests comparing the M87 black hole shadow with predictions of general relativity using Event Horizon Telescope data.

Contributes horizon-scale modelling used to interpret the ring structure and physical environment around the M87 black hole.

Helps develop and validate independent imaging pipelines used to reconstruct the Event Horizon Telescope image of M87*.

Meets Emmanuel Macron and seeks renewed Normandy-format diplomacy to pursue peace in Donbas.

The House of Commons rejects the Withdrawal Agreement by a historic margin.

Meets Angela Merkel and discusses Donbas negotiations, prisoners and European energy security.

The United Nations appoints Zia Ur Rehman of Pakistan as Force Commander of MINURSO.

Discusses Russian aggression, prisoners and reforms with EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini.

The Beresheet lunar lander crashes during its landing attempt.

Begin the Moving On symphonic tour.

Submits the report on Russian interference in the 2016 election to the Justice Department.

Receives the Mueller report on Russian interference.

Attorney General releases summary of the Mueller report.

Marks the seventieth anniversary of the People's Republic of China.

Declares a national emergency to seek funding for a border wall.

Declares a national emergency to secure border wall funding.

Keeps a clean sheet during Portugal's Nations League final victory.

Is named the best player of the Nations League finals.

Captains Portugal to victory in the first Nations League finals.

Guides Portugal to the inaugural Nations League championship.

Attends NATO leaders’ meeting marking alliance anniversary.

Reaffirms that full European Union and NATO membership remain strategic priorities for Ukraine.

Juno detects a new cyclone joining the geometric pattern of storms around Jupiter's south pole.

Receives the Nobel Peace Prize for efforts to resolve conflict with Eritrea.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries on cellular oxygen sensing.

Receives the Nobel Prize for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries on cellular oxygen sensing.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries on cellular oxygen sensing.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on lithium-ion batteries.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on lithium-ion batteries.

Meets the leaders of France, Germany and Russia at the first Normandy summit since 2016.

Steps into North Korea during meeting with Kim Jong Un.

Responds to the Notre-Dame Cathedral fire.

Tottenham recover from two goals down to beat Olympiacos and qualify for the Champions League knockout stage.

Launches a Turkish military operation in northern Syria.

Scores Liverpool's late second goal to secure victory over Tottenham Hotspur.

The original Brexit date passes without the United Kingdom leaving the European Union.

Parasite wins the Palme d'Or at Cannes.

His Servant of the People party wins the early parliamentary election.

Makes his senior Portugal debut during victory over Lithuania.

Easton Taylor-Farrell becomes Premier after the MCAP election victory

O'Neill leaves office after losing parliamentary support

Sagintayev leaves the prime ministership

Nazarbayev resigns after nearly three decades as head of state

Tokayev wins the presidential election after serving as acting President

Takes office as President of Algeria.

Inaugurated as President of Argentina.

Inaugurated as President of Brazil.

Inaugurated as President of Panama.

Inaugurated as President of Sri Lanka.

Inaugurated as President of Tunisia.

Is inaugurated as President of Ukraine.

Begins a disputed second presidential term.

Tokayev takes the oath as President of Kazakhstan

Bukele becomes President after breaking ARENA and FMLN dominance

Wins re-election as President of Nigeria.

Wins the presidential election.

Wins re-election as President of Indonesia.

Tunisia held the first round of an early presidential election.

Kais Saied won the second round of the presidential election.

Is inaugurated after the 2019 general election.

Tshisekedi takes office in the country's first peaceful presidential transfer of power.

Becomes Prime Minister of Denmark.

Becomes Prime Minister promising to deliver Brexit.

Becomes Prime Minister of Finland.

Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.

Sall abolishes the prime ministership after beginning his 2nd term

Ion Chicu becomes Prime Minister after Sandu's government falls

Askar Mamin becomes Prime Minister

James Marape is elected Prime Minister by Parliament

Maia Sandu becomes Prime Minister after a coalition deal

Welcomes home thirty-five Ukrainians released in a mutual exchange with Russia.

Obtains approval to prorogue Parliament during the Brexit crisis.

Rules that the prorogation of Parliament was unlawful.

Launches the Prosperity Party to replace the EPRDF coalition.

Takes the presidential oath during a national ceremony in Pretoria.

Wins a second presidential term.

Imran Khan announces that Pakistan will release captured Indian pilot Abhinandan Varthaman as a gesture intended to reduce tensions.

Announces that she will resign as Conservative leader after failing to pass her Brexit deal.

Resigns after mass protests against his rule.

Announces resignation after mass protests.

Morales resigns amid disputed election results, mass protests and military pressure.

Announces that she will resign as Conservative leader.

Agrees a revised Withdrawal Agreement with the European Union.

His government signs the Riyadh Agreement with southern separatists.

Supports Saudi mediation of the Riyadh Agreement.

Burnham announces that recorded rough sleeping has fallen thirty-seven percent in one year.

Oversees Taiwan becoming the first Asian jurisdiction to legalise same-sex marriage.

Supports the public listing of Saudi Aramco under Vision 2030.

Leads Saudi Aramco as its shares begin trading on Tadawul.

Forms a second government backed by the Five Star Movement and Democratic Party.

The Commons rejects the Withdrawal Agreement for a second time.

Leads Likud in a second Israeli general election after coalition talks fail.

Wins the second Spanish general election of 2019 without a majority.

General election outcome recorded for Pedro Sanchez: Wins the second Spanish general election of 2019 without a majority.

Government context for this general election: Wins the second Spanish general election of 2019 without a majority.

The Commons rejects the revised Withdrawal Agreement for a second time.

Starmer again votes against the revised withdrawal agreement.

Wins his second major international trophy as Portugal manager.

Scores his six-hundredth Barcelona goal with a free kick against Liverpool.

Wins a sixth Ballon d'Or while serving as Barcelona captain.

Meets Recep Tayyip Erdogan to agree arrangements for northern Syria.

The accord seeks to reduce fighting among anti-Houthi factions.

Is re-elected chairman of the State Affairs Commission.

Delivers State of the Union emphasising economic growth.

The Supreme Court rules that prorogation of Parliament was unlawful.

Directs System Crasher.

Releases The Christmas Present, a seasonal album mixing original songs and festive standards.

The Irishman premieres at the New York Film Festival.

The Commons rejects the Withdrawal Agreement for a third time.

The Commons rejects the Withdrawal Agreement for a third time.

Starmer is re-elected for Holborn and St Pancras at the general election.

Is appointed Tottenham Hotspur head coach following Mauricio Pochettino's departure.

Begins his Tottenham tenure with a 3-2 Premier League victory at West Ham United.

Is named the tournament's best player after influential performances.

Helps Portugal win the inaugural competition on home soil.

Joins Barcelona after an outstanding final season with Ajax.

Joins Juventus after captaining Ajax to the Champions League semi-finals.

Sarraj's Government of National Accord confronts Khalifa Haftar's offensive against Tripoli.

Launches an offensive toward Tripoli.

Meets Donald Trump during the United Nations General Assembly and discusses security, energy and reforms.

Holds phone call with Ukrainian President that later sparks impeachment inquiry.

Celebrates unemployment rate reaching 3.5 percent, a 50-year low.

The United States withdrawal from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty takes effect.

Supports the revised North American trade agreement with the United States and Canada.

Signs the USMCA trade agreement with Canada and Mexico.

Receives UEFA's player-of-the-match award after anchoring Liverpool's defence.

Akatsuki observations reveal a giant streak-like cloud structure produced by large-scale atmospheric waves and high-latitude jets.

Announces the dissolution of the eighth Verkhovna Rada during his inaugural address.

Tsiaras leads analysis of Hubble spectra detecting water vapor in the atmosphere of habitable-zone exoplanet K2-18b.

Releases Western Stars, drawing on orchestral pop and American western imagery.

Release WHO, their first studio album since Endless Wire.

The Withdrawal Agreement Bill passes second reading after the Conservative election victory.

The House of Commons rejects the Brexit Withdrawal Agreement by a historic margin.

The Withdrawal Agreement Bill passes second reading but the timetable motion fails.

Guides the Netherlands to their first Women's World Cup final, where the United States wins 2-0.

Scores three goals in Brazil's victory over Jamaica.

Becomes the leading scorer across men's and women's World Cups.

Scores the opening goal at Brighton as Arsenal secure the Women's Super League championship.

Marks commercial operation of the Xayaburi hydropower project.

Death of President Beji Caid Essebsi.

Former President Robert Mugabe dies in Singapore.