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Treaty of Nice

Institutional reform before the European Union's large eastern enlargement. This page combines historical context with 32 matching records drawn directly from the World History Database EEC archive.

32 matching archive records 1956โ€“2007 record span Open full 936-record archive

Historical context

Treaty of Nice: overview and significance

What happened?

The Treaty of Nice emerged from negotiations around the 2000 Nice European Council and entered into force in 2003 after a difficult ratification process.

Why was it important?

Nice revised institutional arrangements in preparation for a much larger Union and became closely associated with the politics of enlargement.

World History Database records

Treaty of Nice timeline

The records below are selected from the 936-record EEC and European integration archive and rendered as static HTML in chronological order.

1956
1956 29th May

Venice Conference

Foreign Minister of France Christian Pineau ยท France ยท Venice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Pineau took part in ministerial talks that advanced negotiations for the European Economic Community and Euratom.

1956 29th May

Venice Conference

Foreign Minister of Italy Gaetano Martino ยท Italy ยท Venice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Represents Italy as the Six approve the Spaak Report as the basis for treaty negotiations.

1956 30th May

Government Report

Paul Henri-Charles Spaak ยท Belgium ยท Venice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

The Spaak report is accepted at the Venice Conference where the decision is taken to organise an InterGovernmental Conference. The InterGovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom focused on economic unity, leading to the Treaties of Rome being signed in 1957 which established the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) among the members

1956 30th May

Spaak Report

Paul Henri-Charles Spaak ยท Belgium ยท Venice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

The Spaak report is accepted at the Venice Conference where the decision is taken to organise an InterGovernmental Conference. The InterGovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom focused on economic unity, leading to the Treaties of Rome being signed in 1957 which established the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) among the members

1956 30th May

Venice Conference

Prime Minister of Italy Antonio Segni ยท Italy ยท Venice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Heads the Italian government as Venice launches the intergovernmental work that produces the Rome Treaties.

1956

InterGovernmental Conference

Paul Henri-Charles Spaak ยท Belgium ยท Venice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

The InterGovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom focused on economic unity, leading to the Treaties of Rome being signed in 1957 which established the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) among the members

1980
1980 12th June

Venice European Council

Chancellor of Germany Helmut Schmidt ยท Germany ยท Venice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Represents Germany at the Venice European Council during discussions on economic policy and European political cooperation.

1980 12th June

Venice European Council

Taoiseach of Ireland Charles James Haughey ยท Ireland ยท Venice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Represents Ireland as leaders discuss economic conditions and European political cooperation.

1980 12th June

Venice European Council

Prime Minister of Italy Francesco Cossiga ยท Italy ยท Venice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Hosts the European Council as Italy leads discussions on foreign policy, energy and economic cooperation.

1980 13th June

Venice Declaration

Foreign Minister of Ireland Brian Lenihan ยท Ireland ยท Venice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Supports the Community's Venice Declaration on the Middle East.

1980 13th June

Venice Declaration

Foreign Minister of Italy Emilio Colombo ยท Italy ยท Venice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Supports the Venice Declaration, an important Community statement on the Middle East.

2000
2000 7th December

Nice European Council

Foreign Minister of Germany Joschka Fischer ยท Germany ยท Nice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Participates as leaders negotiate institutional changes intended to prepare the Union for a major enlargement.

2000 7th December

Nice European Council

Prime Minister of Greece Costas Simitis ยท Greece ยท Nice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Represents Greece as leaders negotiate institutional changes intended to prepare the Union for enlargement.

2000 7th December

Nice European Council

Foreign Minister of Ireland Brian Cowen ยท Ireland ยท Nice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Represents Irish diplomacy as leaders negotiate institutional reforms for enlargement.

2000 7th December

Nice European Council

Prime Minister of Italy Giuliano Amato ยท Italy ยท Nice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Represents Italy as leaders negotiate institutional reforms intended to prepare the Union for enlargement.

2000 9th December

Nice Treaty Political Agreement

Chancellor of Germany Gerhard Schroder ยท Germany ยท Nice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Supports the political agreement on institutional reform reached at the end of the Nice European Council.

2000 9th December

Nice Treaty Political Agreement

Foreign Minister of Italy Lamberto Dini ยท Italy ยท Nice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Supports the final political compromise on institutional reform reached at Nice.

2000 11th December

Nice European Council

President of France Jacques Chirac ยท France ยท Nice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Chirac chaired the Nice European Council, which reached agreement on institutional reforms for future enlargement.

2000 11th December

Nice Institutional Reform

Prime Minister of France Lionel Jospin ยท France ยท Nice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Jospin represented the French government during negotiations that produced the Nice institutional settlement.

2001
2001 26th February

Treaty of Nice Signature

President of France Jacques Chirac ยท France ยท Nice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Chirac joined European leaders in signing the Treaty of Nice, designed to prepare the institutions for enlargement.

2001 26th February

Treaty of Nice Signature

Foreign Minister of Germany Joschka Fischer ยท Germany ยท Nice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Fischer signs the Nice Treaty, backing institutional changes intended to prepare the Union for enlargement.

2001 26th February

Treaty of Nice

Foreign Minister of Greece George Papandreou ยท Greece ยท Nice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Papandreou signs the Nice Treaty, backing institutional changes designed for enlargement.

2001 26th February

Treaty of Nice

Foreign Minister of Ireland Brian Cowen ยท Ireland ยท Nice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Represents Ireland at the signing of the Treaty of Nice.

2001 26th February

Treaty of Nice

Foreign Minister of Italy Lamberto Dini ยท Italy ยท Nice ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Dini places Italy's signature on the Nice Treaty, backing institutional adjustments for an enlarged Union.

2001 7th June

First Nice Treaty Referendum

Taoiseach of Ireland Bertie Ahern ยท Ireland ยท Ireland ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Acknowledges the referendum rejection of the Treaty of Nice, with 53.9 percent voting no.

2002
2002 June

Nice Treaty Neutrality Declaration

Foreign Minister of Ireland Brian Cowen ยท Ireland ยท Brussels ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Supports European assurances that the Nice Treaty does not undermine Ireland's traditional policy of military neutrality.

2002 19th October

Second Nice Treaty Referendum

Taoiseach of Ireland Bertie Ahern ยท Ireland ยท Ireland ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Irish voters reverse the earlier Nice rejection and approve the treaty by 62.89 percent.

2002 October

Second Nice Treaty Referendum Campaign

Taoiseach of Ireland Bertie Ahern ยท Ireland ยท Ireland ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Campaigns for approval of the Nice Treaty after European assurances concerning Irish neutrality.

2003
2003 1st February

Treaty of Nice Enters into Force

Chancellor of Germany Gerhard Schroder ยท Germany ยท Berlin ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Heads the German government when the Treaty of Nice enters into force.

2003 1st February

Treaty of Nice Enters into Force

Taoiseach of Ireland Bertie Ahern ยท Ireland ยท Dublin ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

The Nice Treaty becomes legally effective during Ahern's government, preparing Union institutions for enlargement.

2003 1st February

Treaty of Nice Enters into Force

Prime Minister of Italy Silvio Berlusconi ยท Italy ยท Rome ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

The Nice Treaty becomes legally effective during Berlusconi's government, completing institutional reforms designed for enlargement.

2007
2007 October

Treaty of Lisbon

Jose Socrates ยท Portugal ยท Lisbon ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

The stated aim of the treaty was to "complete the process started by the Treaty of Amsterdam [1997] and by the Treaty of Nice [2001] with a view to enhancing the efficiency and democratic legitimacy of the Union and to improving the coherence of it's action"

Editorial provenance

Sources and editorial review

Compiled and edited by World History Database.

Historical context is editorial material; the chronology is generated from World History Database EEC records.

Last reviewed: September 2026.

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