July 27th, 1956
Egypt Explains Development Purpose of Canal Revenue
Cairo
Egyptian diplomacy defended canal nationalization and emphasized the country's right to direct income from the waterway toward national development.
World History Database / Suez War / Those involved
Mahmoud Fawzi
Egypt
Foreign Minister
20 archival records
August 1st, 1956
Egypt Rejects Claims Nationalization Necessitates Closure
Suez Canal
Egyptian diplomacy maintained that nationalization did not mean stopping normal shipping or denying international passage.
October 5th, 1956
Egypt Defends Sovereignty Before Council Consultations
United Nations
Egypt maintained that control of the nationalized canal company did not extinguish its obligation to keep the waterway open to international navigation.
October 8th, 1956
Egypt Advocates Cooperation Without Surrendering Sovereignty
United Nations
Mahmoud Fawzi stated Egypt's willingness to negotiate an operating arrangement with canal users while preserving Egyptian sovereignty and rights.
October 8th, 1956
Egypt Calls for Equitable Canal Tolls
United Nations
Mahmoud Fawzi included fair toll arrangements among Egypt's proposed subjects for negotiation with countries using the waterway.
October 8th, 1956
Egypt Offers Revenue for Canal Improvements
United Nations
Mahmoud Fawzi said a reasonable share of canal revenue could be devoted to improvements as part of a negotiated settlement.
October 8th, 1956
Egypt Proposes Cooperation With Canal Users
United Nations
Mahmoud Fawzi indicated that Egypt was open to practical arrangements with shipping nations while refusing to surrender the canal's sovereign management.
October 11th, 1956
Egypt Insists on Sovereignty in Settlement Terms
United Nations
Mahmoud Fawzi pressed for explicit recognition of Egyptian sovereignty within any internationally accepted framework governing canal operations.
October 11th, 1956
Egyptian Minister Negotiates Canal Sovereignty Language
United Nations
Mahmoud Fawzi emphasized that any settlement framework had to respect Egyptian sovereignty over the nationalized canal.
October 12th, 1956
Canal Development Funding Requirement Recognized
United Nations
Mahmoud Fawzi supported a framework allocating a fair share of canal dues to development and improvement of the waterway.
October 12th, 1956
Egyptian Sovereignty Accepted as Core Principle
United Nations
Mahmoud Fawzi's discussions helped establish respect for Egyptian sovereignty as a separate requirement in the six-principle framework.
October 13th, 1956
Egypt User Agreement Required for Canal Charges
United Nations
Mahmoud Fawzi's negotiations helped secure a clause providing for agreement between Egypt and user states over tolls and charges.
October 13th, 1956
Egyptian Sovereignty Confirmed in Adopted Resolution
United Nations
Mahmoud Fawzi's position on sovereignty was reflected in Resolution 118, which explicitly required respect for Egypt's sovereign rights.
October 13th, 1956
Egyptian Sovereignty Included in Council Agreement
United Nations
The unanimously agreed Security Council text recognized Egypt's sovereignty, reflecting a central Egyptian objection to international control of the waterway.
October 14th, 1956
Egypt Faces Unresolved Canal Management Differences
Cairo
Mahmoud Fawzi continued to confront disagreements over how the six accepted principles would translate into actual control and administration of the canal.
October 30th, 1956
Egypt Protests Invasion to International Community
United Nations
Egypt appealed for international action after Israeli forces crossed into Sinai and British and French governments issued their ultimatum.
October 30th, 1956
Egyptian Foreign Ministry Denounces Ultimatum
Cairo
Mahmoud Fawzi's government rejected the external attempt to impose foreign forces on Egyptian territory while it was resisting the Israeli attack.
November 1st, 1956
Egypt Places Invasion Before Emergency Assembly
United Nations
Mahmoud Fawzi's government appealed for international protection of Egyptian sovereignty during the first emergency special session.
November 2nd, 1956
Egypt Supports International Withdrawal Resolution
Cairo
Mahmoud Fawzi's government supported demands to stop the attacks and withdraw foreign troops from Egyptian territory.
November 15th, 1956
Egypt Conditions Salvage Cooperation on Sovereignty
Suez Canal
Egyptian officials expected international efforts to remove obstructions to respect the country's ownership and administration of the waterway.