Henry III Biography

Birth of Henry III, eldest son of King John and Isabella of Angouleme

Crowned for the 1st time in Gloucester

Bristol gains its first mayor during the early reign of Henry III.

The Magna Carta is declared in order to reunite the Monarchy with the Barons

Succeeds as King of England. London and most of the southeast are in the hands of Louis the barons control the nth

Death of John, Henry IIIs father

A simple golden band was placed on the young boys head, not by the Archbishop of Canterbury but by another clergyman-either Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester or Cardinal Guala Bicchieri, the Papal legate.

Henry III is inducted for a 2nd time.

Henry III swears an oath to defend the Church of God.

Henry III swears an oath to protect the peace of clergy and people and to defend the law.

Henry III was the first monarch to be crowned while still a minor.

Appointed Regent for Henry III

Louis forces are defeated at Lincoln & Louis is bribed to go back to France

Louis forces are defeated at Lincoln & Louis is bribed to go back to France

Louis forces are defeated at Lincoln & Louis is bribed to go back to France

The Peace of Worcester ends hostilities between England & Wales

The Peace of Lambeth restores peace between France, the English barons & supporters of Henry III

Succeeds as King of England. Marshal dies & rule passes to 3 men, Hubert de Burgh, Peter des Roches & Pandulf

Establishes peace between France, the English barons and supporters of Henry III

Pope Honorius declares a prolongation of the peace between England & France by 4 yrs

Lays the foundation stone of Lady Chapel

Henrys regents immediately declared their intention to rule by Magna Carta, which they proceeded to do during Henrys minority

Crowned for a 2nd time, in Westminster Abbey. A second coronation is ordered by Pope Honorius III who did not consider that the first had been carried out in accordance with church rites

Henrys regents immediately declared their intention to rule by Magna Carta, which they proceeded to do during Henrys minority

Alexander II marries Joanna, sister of Henry III

Hubert de Burgh puts down an insurrection supporting the French king Louis VIII

The Council of Oxford establishes April 23 as St George's Day

Dismisses Castellans & Sheriffs who have held their rights since John

Louis VIII lays claim to the English throne & Henrys remaining lands in France

Pope Honorius III allows Henry III to be declared of age for certain limited purposes

A new Anglo-French War begins, France captures lands between the Loire & the Garonne

Puts down a revolt led by Norman Fawkes de Breautea, supporters of Louis VIII

Puts down a revolt led by Norman Fawkes de Breautea, supporters of Louis VIII

A new Anglo-French War begins, France captures lands between the Loire & the Garonne

A new Anglo-French War begins, France captures lands between the Loire & the Garonne

Mauleon surrenders La Rochelle to Louis VIII, most devoted Poitevin town to England

Mauleon surrenders La Rochelle to Louis VIII, most devoted Poitevin town to England

Mauleon surrenders La Rochelle to Louis VIII, most devoted Poitevin town to England

The Magna Carta is re-issued, this version becomes the official text. Men can be exiled, imprisoned & deprived of property only by their peers or the law

Lost lands are recaptured, except for Poitou, the Limousin & Perigord

Despatches his brother Richard to Gsacony to recover lost French territories

The Magna Carta is re-issued, this version becomes the official text

A Papal Bull issued by Gregory IX recognises Henerys competence to govern

Henry declares himself of age & renounces his dependency on the Bishop of Winchester

Peter of Brittany receives the Earldom of Richmond. Peter of Brittany pays homage to Henry as King of France

Peter of Brittany receives the Earldom of Richmond

Finds there are insufficient ships to convey troops to France

Visits Portsmouth to plan an invasion of France

Sets sail from Portsmouth at the head of an invasion force

Lands with the invasion force at St Malo & proceeds to Dinan

Mirambeau falls to Henry III, allowing his campaign to continue toward Bordeaux.

Mirambeau captitulates to Henry III who then marches on Bordeaux

Mirambeau captitulates to Henry III who then marches on Bordeaux

Returns to Portsmouth having waged an expenisive & pointless war in France

Agrees a truce with France for 3 yrs

Hugh de Burgh is dismissed on possibly false charges

Rebellion led by Richard Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, son of William

The Marshal rebellion is defeated. Dismisses Peter des Riveaux & confines Peter des Roches to purely spiritual affairs

Frederick II sends Henry III 3 leopards, kept in the Tower of London

Henry III marries Eleanor of Provence

A revised version of the Magna Carta is issued

A revised version of the Magna Carta is issued

The border is settled on a line from Berwick-Upon-Tweed to the Solway Firth. Alexander II abandons his claims to Cumberland, Westmorland & Northumberland

Henry IIIs sister marries Simon de Montfort

Birth of Edward I, eldest son of Henry III & Eleanor of Provence

Birth of Margaret

Henrys half brothers involve him in an expensively disastrous military venture

Henry III supports the Lords in the south who have rebelled against Louis IX

Attempts to capture Poitou but fails & loses Saintonge

The English king is joined by a host of French nobles including Hugh de Lusignan. Henry III disembarks at Royen with "a small number of men" and 30 tons of gold

Henry III & his French baron allies retreat to the town of Saintes. Decisive engagement of this brief, but critical war

A 5 yr truce ends hostilities between France & England

A 5 yr truce ends hostilities between France & England

Sends out commissioners to extend English landholdings in Gaelic Ireland

When the Scots threatened to invade England, King Henry III visited York Castle and ordered it rebuilt in stone

When the Scots threatened to invade England, King Henry III visited York Castle and ordered it rebuilt in stone

Meets Alexander II of the Scots at Newcastle & renews the truce of 1237

Lays the foundation stone for the complete rebuilding of Westminster Abbey

River works improve Bristol harbour access and medieval trade.

Takes up the cross & joins the Crusades

Alexander III of Scotland pays homage to Henry III

Henrys daughter Margaret marries Alexander III of Scotland

The longbow is listed for those worth more than 40 shillings in land to possess

A revised version of the Magna Carta is issued. A revised version of the Magna Carta is issued

Makes peace with Louis IX of France & plans to visit him

Puts down a revolt led by Gaston de Bearn

A revised version of the Magna Carta is issued

Defends Gascony against a rumored invasion by King Alfonso of Castille

Requisitions the Exchequer to finance his campaign in Gascony

Arrives in Bordeaux to concilliate Gascony

Agrees with the Pope to pay for an invasion of Sicily

Accepts the Popes offer to make his son, Edmund, King of Sicily

Under the Treaty of Toledo Alfonso renounces Gascony. Alfonso renounces claims to Gascony if Henry consults him in dealing with the Gascons

Alfonso renounces claims to Gascony if Henry consults him in dealing with the Gascons

Parliament must be called 3 times a yr. An oath must be taken to support the constitution

An oath must be taken to support the constitution

An oath must be taken to support the constitution

Under the Provisions of Oxford Parliament has to be called 3 times a yr. An oath must be taken to support the constitution. Administration is shared by a Council of Barons & the King

Reforms imposed on Henry III by the Oxford Parliament led by Simon de Montfort

Reforms imposed on Henry III by the Oxford Parliament led by Simon de Montfort

Military defeat led Henry to sell his hereditary claims to all the Angevin possessions

Henry levies extortionate taxes to pay for debts incurred through war with Wales

Returns to England, is reconciled with Edward & Simon de Montfort

Accepts the terms of reform

Henry & the Barons must take an oath to observe the Provisions of Oxford.

Parliament will be held 3 times a yr & the households of the king and queen reformed.

Seven leading barons forced Henry to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, which effectively abolished the absolutist Anglo-Norman monarchy, giving power to a council of fifteen barons.

Under the Provisions of Oxford Parliament will be held 3 times a yr & the households of the King and Queen reformed.

Henry III was forced to give up power to a newly elected Council of Barons.

Henry was forced to take part in the swearing of a collective oath to the Provisions of Oxford.

Seven leading barons forced Henry to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, which effectively abolished the absolutist Anglo-Norman monarchy, giving power to a council of fifteen barons.

Under the Provisions of Oxford, Parliament would meet three times a year, and the households of the king and queen would be reformed.

Under the Provisions of Oxford Parliament will be held 3 times a yr & the households of the King and Queen reformed

The Provisions of Westminster embody the legal system proposed by the Barons

The Provisions of Westminster embody the legal system proposed by the Barons. A Council of 15 is imposed on Henry III who cannot rule without its consent

Under the Treaty of Paris Henry agrees to pay homage to Louis IX for Aquitaine

Under the Treaty of Paris Henry agrees to pay homage to Louis IX for Gascony

The Treaty of Paris is followed by 30 years of peace between France & England. Pays homage to Louis IX for Gascony & Aquitaine. Gives up Normandy, Maine, Anjou & Poitou

Divisions between the Earl of Gloucester & Simon de Montfort breakdown the Provisions

Retreats to the Tower of London

Fails to reach agreement with Simon de Montfort

Appoints Royal Sheriffs & regains control of the Government

Henry obtained a papal bull in 1262 exempting him from his oath and both sides began to raise armies

Henry obtained a papal bull in 1262 exempting him from his oath and both sides began to raise armies

Henry obtained a papal bull in 1262 exempting him from his oath and both sides began to raise armies

The Royalists were led by Prince Edward, Henrys eldest son. Henry obtained a papal bull in 1262 exempting him from his oath and both sides began to raise armies

Both sides agree to submit the Provisions of Oxford to Louis IX for judgement. Forced to confirm the Provisions of Oxford & reinstate Hugh Despenser as Justiciar. Crosses the Channel to Amiens to hear Louis IXs judgement on the Provisions of Oxford

Re-issues the provisions of Westminster

Forced to seek refuge in the Tower of London

Forced to confirm the Provisions of Oxford & reinstate Hugh Despenser as Justiciar

Henry accepts de Montforts terms, de Montfort then occupies London

Henry accepts de Montforts terms, de Montfort then occupies London

Both sides agree to submit the Provisions of Oxford to Louis IX for judgement

De Montfort calls up a pre-Parliament

Sends forces from Nottingham to succesfully relieve Rochester from Simon de Montfort

Mise of Amiens, judgment of Louis ix in favor of Henry III & against the Barons

Louis IX rules in Henrys favour

The Oxford Provisions are declared void by the Mise of Amiens. A judgement of Louis IX in favor of Henry III against the English barons

The Provisions of Oxford are declared invalid

The Oxford Provisions are declared void by the Mise of Amiens

Joined by Prince Edward, the war against the Barons begins

Leicester surrenders to Henry III

Nottingham surrenders to Henry III

Simon de Montfort captures Rochester

The Royal Army captures Nottingham

The Royal Army attacks Simon Montfort but is held back on the first day

Prince Edward captures Northampton from the rebellious barons

The Royal Army captures Simon Montfort & captures his head quarters at Northampton

The short period that followed was the closest England was to come to complete abolition of the monarchy until the Commonwealth period of 1649-1660. Captured & imprisoned by Simon de Montfort who dictates peace terms

The short period that followed was the closest England was to come to complete abolition of the monarchy until the Commonwealth period of 1649-1660

Forced to accept de Montforts conditions & the rule of the Barons

Government reform is confirmed

De Montfort loses support of the Earl of Gloucester

Edward escapes, kills de Montfort & Evesham & takes control of the Government

Forfeiture pronounced on those who had fought against Edward at Kenilworth & Evesham

For the 1st time England is represented in a single chamber at Westminster Hall

Parliament opens with representitives from country gentry & town burgesses. For the 1st time England is represented in a single chamber at Westminster Hall

For the 1st time England is represented in a single chamber at Westminster Hall

Pleas for his life at Evesham, "Slay me not! I am Henry of Winchester your King". Henry escapes captivity from Simon de Montfort & joins his son Prince Edward

The acts of the revolutionary Government are denounced. Issues a proclamation announcing he is resuming the exercise of royal power. Baronial ministers & sheriffs are replaced by royalists

All those who had taken arms against the King & Edward are disinherited

All those who had taken arms against the King & Edward are disinherited

Henry III is urged to observe the Magna Carta by the Dictum of Kenilworth

Henry III is urged to observe the Magna Carta by the Dictum of Kenilworth

Kenilworth Castle is blockaded by the royalists from midsummer until Christmas

Henry III accepts Llywelyns homage as prince of Wales

Henry III accepts Llywelyns homage as prince of Wales

Edwards remains are moved from his tomb behind the high alter to a new shrine. Confessors Day

Death of Henry III, in Westminster Palace on St Edmunds Day

Placed in Westminster Abbey where the Confessors bones had been removed