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Historical person

Richard Biography

Historical biography and chronological timeline for Richard, based on 41 World History Database records associated with England.

41 records1411–146025 events10 places

Chronological biography

1411

Birth of Richard1411

House / House of Plantagenet · Duke

Birth of Richard, Duke of York

1415

Education1415

House / House of Plantagenet · Duke · Lieutenant

Placed into the care of Ralph Neville after the execution of his father

Execution1415

House / House of Plantagenet · Duke · Lieutenant

Placed into the care of Ralph Neville after the execution of his father

1424

Marriage1424

House / House of Plantagenet · Duke

Betrothed to Cecily, Ralph Nevilles daughter

1425

Education1425

House / House of Plantagenet · Duke

Ralph Neville dies & Richard is placed into the wardship of Countess Joan

1426

Knighthood1426

House / House of Plantagenet · Duke

Richard is knighted

Succession1426

House / House of Plantagenet · Duke

The Earl of March dies leaving Richard as his heir

1428

Peerage1428

House / House of Plantagenet · Duke

Created Duke of York

Succession1428

House / House of Plantagenet · Duke

Richard is restored to his fathers estates & becomes Duke of York

1429

Marriage1429

House / House of Plantagenet · Duke

Marries Cecily, daughter of Ralph Neville

1436

Lieutenant1436

Warfare / Military · Duke · Lieutenant · Normandy

Appointed Lieutenant of France & Normandy, 1st term

1437

Dismissal1437

Warfare / Military · Duke · Lieutenant

Replaced by Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, when Henry VI comes to the throne

President of the Council1437

House / House of York · Duke · Lieutenant

Henry VI excludes Richard from the Council, an insult to the house of York

1440

Lieutenant1440

Warfare / Military · Duke · Lieutenant · London

Appointed Lieutenant of France & Normandy, 2nd term

1445

Exile of Richard1445

Warfare / Hundred Years War · Duke · Lieutenant

Forced to return from France after his funds are exhausted

1447

Lieutenant1447

Warfare / Military · Duke · Lieutenant

Appointed Lieutenant of Ireland

1452

OathFebruary 1452

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent · Ludlow

Issues an oath of loyalty to the King

Peace2 March 1452

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent · Blackheath

Makes a temporary peace with Henry VI at Blackheath

1453

Protector1453

Government / Government of England · Duke · Protector of the Realm · London

Appointed Protector of the Realm during King Henry VIs illness

1455

Birth of Richard1455

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent

Birth of Richard, 2nd in line to the hrone after the birth of Henrys son Richard

Declaration of War1455

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent

The Duke of York as heir to the Mortimer claim refuses to submit to Somerset. Questions the Lancastrian claim to the throne & Henrys mental health

Mobilization1455

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent

With the help of the Nevilles raises an Army in the North

Protector1455

Government / Government of England · Duke · Protector · London

Appointed Protector during Henry VIs illness

Dismissal4 March 1455

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Captain of Calais · Calais

Dismissd as Captain of Calais bt Henry VI

Siege of WareMay 1455

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent · Ware

Yorks Army arrives at Ware in Hertfordshire

Battle of St Albans, 1st22 May 1455

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent · St Albans

York & Warwick march on London with 3,000 menh. Richards protectorship is renewed. Despite victory York does not retain his supremacy in Government. Defeats & kills Somerset who is leading 2,000 Lancastrians. Accompanies the defeated King to St Albans Abbey for thanksgiving

Dismissal25 December 1455

House / House of York · Duke · Protector of the Realm · London

Dismissed from power by the Queen & Edmund Beaufort the 2nd Duke of Somerset

1456

Dismissal1456

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent · London

Henry VI again dimisses Richard from office

1459

Exile of Richard1459

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent

The Irish Parliament protects the Yorkists from the Act of Attainder

Parliament1459

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent

The Irish Parliament protects the Yorkists from the Act of Attainder

Battle of Ludford Bridge12 October 1459

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent · Ludford Bridge

Attacks the King's army but is defeated & forced into exile in Ireland

Exile of Richard12 October 1459

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent · Calais

Attacks the King's army but is defeated & forced into exile in Ireland

Siege of Ludlow12 October 1459

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent · Ludlow

Disperses his forces & seeks exile in Ireland

1460

Constitution of England1460

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent · London

Appointed Heir apparent & Protector by Parliament

Heir Apparent1460

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent · London

Appointed Heir apparent & Protector by Parliament

Protector1460

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Protector · London

Appointed Heir apparent & Protector by Parliament

Succession1460

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent · London

Appointed Heir apparent & Protector by Parliament

SuccessionOctober 1460

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent

Returns from Ireland & declares imself heir to the King

Battle of Wakefield21 December 1460

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent · Wakefield

Killed in battle while quelling a Northern rebellion

Death of Richard21 December 1460

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent · Wakefield

Death of Richard Duke of York, killed at the Battle of Wakefield

Death of Richard21 December 1460

Warfare / Wars of the Roses · Duke · Heir Apparent · York

Richards head is placed over a York city gate with a paper crown on it

Titles and roles

Duke · Duke · Captain of Calais · Duke · Heir Apparent · Duke · Lieutenant · Duke · Protector · Duke · Protector of the Realm

Record provenance

This biography is assembled from World History Database records filtered by country and personal-name fields. Exact duplicate display records are removed. The database is an index rather than a complete narrative biography; formal research should verify entries against relevant primary or specialist sources.