Napoleon I Biography

Birth of Napoleon I, Corsica, 4th child of a poor Corsican lawyer

Baptised in Ajaccio Cathedral

Begins attending the College of Autun at Brienne

Begins military studies at the Ecole de Brienne

Enters the College of Autun

Attends the Ecole Militaire, awarded a free place by Louis XVI as a "gentleman cadet"

Appointed Lieutenant en second of a Battalion in an artillery regiment

Joins his regiment in Valence. Joins his regiment at Valence

Joins his regiment in Lyons

Takes leave to Corsica

Joins his regiment at Douai

Appointed Commander of a detachment of his regiment

Placed in charge of a detachment in Seure

Joins his regiment in Auxonne

Joins the Corsican revolutionary movements. Engages in revolutionary movements in Corsica

Engages in revolutionary movements in Corsica

Napoleon I engaged in revolutionary movements in Corsica.

Engages in revolutionary movements in Corsica

Heads signatories sent to the National Assembly against reactionary Corsican leaders

Napoleon I headed signatories sent to the National Assembly against reactionary Corsican leaders.

Heads signatories sent to the National Assembly against reactionary Corsican leaders

Corsica becomes a part of France

Corsica becomes a part of France.

Helps found the Jacobin Club. Appointed Member of Ajaccio Jacobin Club

Napoleon I helped found the Jacobin Club. Appointed Member of Ajaccio Jacobin Club.

Appointed Member of Ajaccio Jacobin Club at its foundation

Appointed Lieutenant Colonel in Corsica

Napoleon I was appointed Lieutenant Colonel in Corsica.

Appointed Lieutenant Colonel in Corsica

Army officers swear an oath of loyalty to the National Assembly

Army officers swear an oath of loyalty to the National Assembly.

Army officers swear an oath of loyalty to the National Assembly

Appointed Premier Lieutenant

Appointed Lieutenant en premier

Napoleon I was appointed Lieutenant en premier.

Joins the 4th Regiment of Artillery at Valence as Lieutenant en Premier. Appointed Lieutenant en premier

Appointed Capitaine en Second

Appointed 2nd Lieutenant Colonel of Second Battalion of Corsican Volunteers

Napoleon I was appointed 2nd Lieutenant Colonel of Second Battalion of Corsican Volunteers.

Appointed 2nd Lieutenant Colonel of Second Battalion of Corsican Volunteers

Napoleon witnessed the revolutionary crisis surrounding the assault on the Tuileries while he was in Paris.

Appointed Captain in the 4th Artillery

Napoleon I was appointed captain in the 4th Artillery Regiment.

Appointed Captain in the 4th Artillery

Returns to Corsica to rejoin the revolutionary movements

Returns to Corsica to rejoin the revolutionary movements.

Brings the extremist phase of the revolution to an end

Brings the extremist phase of the revolution to an end.

Brings the extremist phase of the revolution to an end

Defeats a rebellion in Paris on 13 Vendemiare & establishes the Directory

Defeats a rebellion in Paris on 13 Vendemiare & establishes the Directory

France declares war on Britain to defend the gains of the revolution. France declares a war of European liberation

France declares war on Britain to defend the gains of the revolution. France declares a war of European liberation.

Napoleon took part in the unsuccessful French expedition against Sardinia launched from Corsica.

France invades the Austrian Netherlands, threatening Britains maritime security. France declares war on Britain

France invades the Austrian Netherlands, threatening Britains maritime security. France declares war on Britain.

The Directory is recognized by the Pitt Government which offers to negotiate for peace

Napoleon's conflict with Pasquale Paoli forced the Bonaparte family to leave Corsica and seek safety in mainland France.

Napoleon I rejoined his company at Nice.

Rejoins his company at Nice

Rejoins his company at Nice

Joins the Army of Carteaux acting against Marseille & Toulon

Napoleon I joined the Army of Carteaux acting against Marseille and Toulon.

Joins the Army of Carteaux acting against Marseille & Toulon

A levee en masse is raised aiming to enlist 16,000 men

A levee en masse is raised aiming to enlist 16,000 men.

Given command of the artillery

A Battle between 50,000 Allies & 45,000 French, both sides retreat

Napoleon developed an artillery plan aimed at positions controlling the harbour during the siege of Toulon.

Appointed Chef de Bataillon at the siege of Toulon

Napoleon I was appointed Chef de Bataillon at the siege of Toulon.

Appointed Chef de Bataillon at the siege of Toulon

Appointed Major

Napoleon I was appointed major.

Appointed Major

The Council of War accepts Napoleon's proposals to recapture Le Caire Peninsular

The Council of War accepts Napoleon's proposals to recapture Le Caire Peninsular

Toulon is recaptured from the British. Directs a siege against a British squadron & wins promotion to General of brigade

Napoleon helped direct the assault on the fortified position known as Fort Mulgrave during the final operations at Toulon.

Leads a force which recaptures Le Caire Peninsular from the British. Enables the recapture of Toulon

Toulon is recaptured by the revolutionaries

The successful artillery operations helped force the Anglo-allied evacuation of Toulon and restored the port to Republican control.

Appointed Brigadier, age 24

Napoleon I was appointed brigadier general at age 24.

Appointed Brigadier

Captures Toulon & is made a Brigadier

Appointed General de Brigade

Napoleon I was appointed general de brigade.

Appointed General of the Brigade, provisional

Napoleon I received a provisional appointment as general of brigade.

Appointed General de Brigade

Appointed General of the Brigade, provisional

Appointed Inspector of the Coast from the Rhone to the Var

Napoleon I was appointed Inspector of the Coast from the Rhone to the Var.

Appointed Inspector of the Coast from the Rhone to the Var

Appointed General of the Brigade, confirmed

Napoleon I was confirmed as general of brigade.

Appointed General of the Brigade, confirmed

Napoleon contributed operational plans used by the Army of Italy during the campaign toward Saorgio and the Alpine passes.

Appointed Commander of the Artillery in the Army of Italy

Napoleon I was appointed Commander of the Artillery in the Army of Italy.

Joins the Army of Italy under Dumerbion

Napoleon was sent on a mission to Genoa connected with French military and diplomatic planning in northern Italy.

Present at the siege of Genoa

Arrested on suspicion of being a Robespierrist

Napoleon I was arrested on suspicion of being a Robespierrist.

Released in order to reinforce the army of Italy's General staff

Released in order to reinforce the army of Italy's General staff.

Closes the Pantheon down when it protests about the arrest of Babeufs wife

Dismissed from list of Generals for not joining Hoches Army at Brest

Napoleon helped suppress the royalist uprising against the Convention after Barras called on him to support the defence of Paris.

Defends the Convention & fires on the people, commanded by Barras

Uses a "whiff of grapeshot" on the "day of the sections" to drive out the Parisian mob

Suppresses a Royalist uprising in Paris

Appointed General of the Division, provisional

Appointed General of the Division, provisional

Appointed Commander of the Army of the Interior, for saving the Tuileries Palace

Appointed Commander of the Army of the Interior

Napoleon became commander in chief of the Army of the Interior after his role in defeating the Vendemiaire uprising.

Italians fight with Napoleon against Austria waving their new green, white & red flags

The Cisalpine Republic is founded, modelled on the French Constitution

The Cisalpine Republic is founded, modelled on the French Constitution

Appointed Commander of the Army in Italy

Napoleon received command of the Army of Italy, placing him at the head of the campaign against Austria and Piedmont.

Appointed Commander of the Army in Italy

Marries Josephine Tascher de la Pagerie

Napoleon married Josephine de Beauharnais in Paris shortly before leaving to take command of the Army of Italy.

Napoleon left Paris to join the Army of Italy after receiving its command earlier that month.

Leads the Army into Italy

Napoleon won at Montenotte, opening the Italian campaign with a victory that separated Austrian and Piedmontese forces.

Commands the Army of Italy against the Austrians & Sardinians

Commands the Army of Italy against the Austrians & Sardinians

Commands the Army of Italy against the Austrians & Sardinians

Napoleon defeated the Piedmontese at Mondovi, increasing pressure on the Kingdom of Sardinia to seek an armistice.

Commands the Army of Italy against the Austrians & Sardinians

Secures an Armistice with the Aerdinians

Napoleon concluded the Armistice of Cherasco with Sardinia, securing French gains and freeing his army to concentrate against Austria.

Drives the Austrians out of Mantua

Drives the Austrians out of Lombardy

Napoleon defeated Austrian forces at Lodi and forced a crossing of the Adda during the advance into Lombardy.

Occupies the Venetian Republic

Napoleon entered Milan after the victory at Lodi, strengthening French control of Lombardy during the Italian campaign.

Napoleon conquers Lombardy as far as Mantua then creates the Lombard Republic

Founds the Lombard Republic

Begins the invasion of Papal territory

Defeats the Austrians in Mantua

Napoleon defeated the Austrian army at Castiglione during the first major attempt to relieve the siege of Mantua.

Defeats the Austrians in Mantua

Napoleon defeated Austrian forces at Bassano and continued the campaign to prevent relief of Mantua.

Defeats the Austrians in Mantua

Creates the Cispadine Republic

Napoleon secured victory at Arcole after three days of fighting, forcing the Austrian army to withdraw from the Adige region.

Allows the ex-papal states, headed by Bologna, to join the Cisalpine Republic

Trys to weaken England by invading Egypt then allying with Turkey

Wishes to weaken England by threatening India overland or by completing the Suez Canal

Napoleon establishes his 2nd Italian state. Burns the "Libro dOro", a book of blue blood

Austria recognizes the Italian Republics & France gains the Ionian Islands

The Treaty is ratified at Rastadt

Napoleon defeated the Austrian relief army at Rivoli, breaking the final major attempt to relieve Mantua.

Mantua capitulated to Napoleon's forces, completing a decisive phase of the Italian campaign against Austria.

Wurmser surrenders his Army of Italy & Mantua to Bonaparte

Defeats the Austrians under Archduke Charles

The armistice of Judenbourg is concluded after the Battle of Tagliamento

The Treaty of Loeben is concluded after the armistice of Judenbourg

Napoleon agreed preliminary peace terms with Austria at Leoben after advancing toward the Habsburg heartlands.

Creates the Cisalpine Republic

Royalist movements are banished & many deputies move to Cayenne

Supports the Coup of 18th Fructidor

Napoleon sent General Augereau to support the Directory during the anti-royalist coup of 18 Fructidor.

Austria receives Venice, Dalmatia & Istria

Austria recognizes the Cisalpine Republic & cedes the left bank of the Rhine to France

France gains Belgian provinces

Napoleon concluded the Treaty of Campo Formio with Austria, ending the War of the First Coalition between France and Austria.

The Congress of Rastadt opened as France pursued a wider settlement after Campo Formio, with Napoleon associated with the negotiations.

Napoleon returned to Paris after the Italian campaign, receiving public attention for his military victories and diplomatic achievements.

Napoleon was elected to the Institut de France in the class of physical and mathematical sciences.

Malta succumbs within 2 days without a shot being fired. Arrives off Malta, which belongs to the Order of the Knights of St John of Jerusalem

Appointed "Commander of the army against England"

Appointed "Commander of the army against England"

After the Treaty of Campo Formio Britain remains the only country at war with France

An alliance is concluded with the Cisalpine Republic

Approves an expedition to Egypt

Napoleon embarked for Egypt with the Army of the Orient, beginning the expedition intended to challenge British influence in the eastern Mediterranean.

Napoleon captured Malta during the voyage to Egypt, removing the Knights of Saint John from control of the island.

A force of 5,000 land at Marabut & occupty Alexandria, left in the hands of General Kleber

After 6 weeks at sea 5,000 land at Marabut & quickly occupy Alexandria

Napoleon leaves Alexandria in the hands of General Jean Kleber

Lands in Egypt

Napoleon captured Alexandria after landing in Egypt, establishing the first major French base for the campaign.

Napoleon marches south from Alexandria & is met by an army of 8,000 Marmelukes at Giza. Defeats the Marmelukes within 2 hours

Napoleon defeated Mamluk forces at the Battle of the Pyramids, opening the way for French occupation of Cairo.

Napoleon entered Cairo after the Battle of the Pyramids and began organising French administration in Egypt.

Nelson destroyed much of the French fleet at Aboukir Bay, leaving Napoleon's expedition isolated from France by sea.

Napoleon helped establish the Institut d'Egypte to organise scientific study, research and technical work during the occupation.

A major uprising erupted in Cairo against French rule, and Napoleon's forces suppressed the revolt after intense fighting.

Napoleon left Cairo for Suez to inspect the region and examine strategic possibilities connected with the Red Sea.

Captrures Egypt & forms a Government

Napoleon left Cairo with the main expeditionary force for the Syrian campaign against Ottoman forces.

Napoleon's army captured the fortress of El Arish during the advance from Egypt into Ottoman Syria.

Napoleon's army captured Jaffa during the Syrian campaign, gaining a coastal position on the route toward Acre.

Napoleon commences a 61 day siege of Acre against the Turks & British

Napoleon began the siege of Acre after advancing north from Jaffa, but Ottoman and British-supported defenders resisted repeated assaults.

Hears of the formaion of the 2nd Coalition of Austria, Britain & Russia against France

Napoleon decided to abandon the siege of Acre after repeated assaults failed to break the defenders.

Napoleon departs from Acre after failing to capture it

Napoleon returned to Cairo after withdrawing from the failed Syrian campaign.

Napoleon's troops gather to face a probable invasion of Egypt by the Army of Rhodes

The Anglo-Turkish armada begins to bombard Alexandria

Arrives in Cairo amid much pomp & ceremony

18,000 Turks land at Aboukir, Napoleon marches with 6,000 to the Delta

French soldiers discovered the Rosetta Stone during the Egyptian expedition, providing a text that later proved central to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Gathers 10,000 infantry & 1,000 cavalry within striking distance of Aboukir. Decides to strike at the Turkish Army. Claims the battle will, "decide the fate of the world"

Napoleon defeated an Ottoman landing force at Aboukir, securing a major French battlefield victory before his departure from Egypt.

The French are defeated & lose 13 of their 17 ships. Nelson's 5 ships intercept the French at Aboukir Bay. Marches back to Egypt & rallies his forces to defeat the Turks

The Turks are defeated with 2,000 killed & 4,000 drowned, the French suffer 220 killed. Napoleon is intercepted on his march to Cairo

Napoleon is intercepted on his march to Cairo

Offers surrender terms to the Turks who have fled to Aboukir castle they refuse

The Citadel of Aboukir surrenders to Napoleon

The Citadel of Aboukir surrenders to Napoleon

The Turkish forces are forced to surrender after 1 weeks siege of Aboukir Castle

Leaves Egypt for France to save the Revolution

Napoleon left Egypt aboard the frigate Muiron, leaving General Kleber in command of the Army of the Orient.

Napoleon landed in France after leaving Egypt and began the journey back to Paris.

Napoleon arrived in Paris as the Directory faced military, political and financial instability.

Napoleon met Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes and Pierre Roger Ducos as political discussions intensified over replacing the Directory.

Napoleon met Joseph Fouche during preparations for the political operation that became the coup of Brumaire.

Appointed Consul, 1 of 3 in the Directory

Appointed Consul, 1 of 3 in the Directory

Napoleon joined Sieyes and allied politicians in the coup that began on 18 Brumaire and transferred the councils away from Paris.

Helps overthrow the Directory & replace it with the Consulate

Helps overthrow the Directory & replace it with the Consulate

Helps overthrow the Directory & replace it with the Consulate

Helps overthrow the Directory & replace it with the Consulate

The coup of Brumaire ended the Directory, and Napoleon became a provisional consul alongside Sieyes and Roger Ducos.

The Constitution of Year VIII comes into force

The assassination attempt results in further centralization & control

Escapes an assassination attempt by Royalists resulting in further centralization. Escapes an assassination attempt by Royalists

After an attempt on his life Napoleon has 129 "Jacobins" exiled

Napoleon sees religion as a uniting social force. France recognizes Catholicism as "the religion of the majority of Frenchmen". Agreed with Pius VII in an effort to undermine the effects of the emgre clergy. Agreed after the Battle of Marengo at the request of Napoleon

French forces in Egypt are defeated by the Anglo-Turkish alliance & repatriated

The Council of State supports Napoleon's mass deportations against the "Jacobins"

After this Treaty, Great Britain was the sole nation still at war with France

Austria makes peace with France.

Forced to sue for peace, the Austrians signed another in a series of humiliating treaties. This Treaty (along with the Treaty of Amiens of 1802) marked the end of the Second Coalition against Napoleon.

Joseph Bonaparte signed for France, whereas Count Ludwig von Cobenzl, the Austrian Foreign Minister, signed for the Emperor.

The Austrian army had been defeated by Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Marengo on 14 June 1800 and then by Jean Victor Moreau at the Battle of Hohenlinden on 3 December.

The signatory parties were the French Republic and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, who was negotiating on his own behalf as ruler the hereditary domains of the Habsburg Monarchy and also on behalf of the other rulers who controlled territories within the Holy Roman Empire.

After this Treaty, Great Britain was the sole nation still at war with France. The Treaty of Luneville declared that "there shall be, henceforth and forever, peace, amity, and good understanding" among the parties. The Treaty required Austria to enforce the conditions of the earlier Treaty of Campo Formio (concluded on 17 October 1797)

Austria makes peace with France.

Forced to sue for peace, the Austrians signed another in a series of humiliating treaties. This Treaty (along with the Treaty of Amiens of 1802) marked the end of the Second Coalition against Napoleon.

Joseph Bonaparte signed for France, whereas Count Ludwig von Cobenzl, the Austrian Foreign Minister, signed for the Emperor.

The Austrian army had been defeated by Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Marengo on 14 June 1800 and then by Jean Victor Moreau at the Battle of Hohenlinden on 3 December.

The signatory parties were the French Republic and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, who was negotiating on his own behalf as ruler the hereditary domains of the Habsburg Monarchy and also on behalf of the other rulers who controlled territories within the Holy Roman Empire.

After this Treaty, Great Britain was the sole nation still at war with France. The Treaty of Luneville declared that "there shall be, henceforth and forever, peace, amity, and good understanding" among the parties. The Treaty required Austria to enforce the conditions of the earlier Treaty of Campo Formio (concluded on 17 October 1797)

Austria makes peace with France.

Forced to sue for peace, the Austrians signed another in a series of humiliating treaties. This Treaty (along with the Treaty of Amiens of 1802) marked the end of the Second Coalition against Napoleon.

Joseph Bonaparte signed for France, whereas Count Ludwig von Cobenzl, the Austrian Foreign Minister, signed for the Emperor.

The Austrian army had been defeated by Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Marengo on 14 June 1800 and then by Jean Victor Moreau at the Battle of Hohenlinden on 3 December.

The signatory parties were the French Republic and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, who was negotiating on his own behalf as ruler the hereditary domains of the Habsburg Monarchy and also on behalf of the other rulers who controlled territories within the Holy Roman Empire.

England keeps Ceylon & Trinidad & Malta is restored to the Knights of St John.

France keeps continental conquests.

Great Britain recognises the French Republic, the consequent peace, which lasted only one year, is the only period during which Great Britain was not at war with France during the so-called Great French War.

Signed by Joseph Bonaparte and the Marquess Cornwallis as a "Definitive Treaty of Peace" between France and the United Kingdom.

The state retains control over education & the clergy

The Church becomes a Government department. Agrees a concordat, the state retains control over education & the clergy

Under the Treaty of Amiens France withdraws from the Papal States; it fixed the borders of French Guiana; Malta, Gozo, and Comino are restored to the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and the islands are declared neutral

Under the Treaty of Amiens Britain gives up the Cape Colony (occupied after Napoleon's invasion of the United Provinces in 1803), and much of the West Indies to the Batavian Republic, and also withdraws from Egypt

Under the Treaty of Amiens Britain gives up the Cape Colony (occupied after Napoleon's invasion of the United Provinces in 1803), and much of the West Indies to the Batavian Republic, and also withdraws from Egypt

Under the Treaty of Amiens France withdraws from the Papal States; it fixed the borders of French Guiana; Malta, Gozo, and Comino are restored to the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and the islands are declared neutral

Under the Treaty of Amiens France withdraws from the Papal States; it fixed the borders of French Guiana; Malta, Gozo, and Comino are restored to the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and the islands are declared neutral

Under the Treaty of Amiens France withdraws from the Papal States; it fixed the borders of French Guiana; Malta, Gozo, and Comino are restored to the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and the islands are declared neutral

Under the Treaty of Amiens Britain gives up the Cape Colony (occupied after Napoleon's invasion of the United Provinces in 1803), and much of the West Indies to the Batavian Republic, and also withdraws from Egypt

Together with the Treaty of Lun‚ville (1801) the Treaty of Amiens marks the end of the Second Coalition

Under the Treaty of Amiens Britain gives up the Cape Colony (occupied after Napoleon's invasion of the United Provinces in 1803), and much of the West Indies to the Batavian Republic, and also withdraws from Egypt.

Under the Treaty of Amiens France withdraws from the Papal States; it fixed the borders of French Guiana; Malta, Gozo, and Comino are restored to the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and the islands are declared neutral.

Appointed Consul

Succeeds as Emperor, "Emperor of the French"

Crowned in Milan

The Constitutional Assembly ratifies the annexation of Liguria to the French Republic

The Constitutional Assembly ratifies the annexation of Liguria to the French Republic

Signs a Treaty of alliance with Bavaria at Bogenhausen

Defeats Austria after their invasion of Bavaria & cuts them off from the Russians

The French lose 10,000 to the Austron 36,000. One of the greatest ever military tactical masterpieces. Austria withdraws from the war

Consolidates the French hold on western Germany after the Ulm-Austerlitz campaign

Defeats the Prussians before the arrival of the Russians

Orders the confiscation of British merchandise in French territory. Declares the British isles to be in a state of blockade

Defeats the Russian forces under Bennigsen in east Prussia

Repels the Russians who retreat North

Drives the Russians under the command of Bennigsen into Friedland

Captures Tilsit after which the Russians agree to a truce

Napoleon & Alexander discuss peace after the Battle of Friedland

Gives Russia free hand in Sweden, Annexing the grand Duchy of Finland 1809

The Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by Napoleon I of France in the town of Tilsit in July 1807 in the aftermath of his victory at Friedland. The first was signed on 7 July, between Tsar Alexander I of Russia and Napoleon I of France, when they met on a raft in the middle of the Neman River

The Treaty of Tilsit ended war between Imperial Russia and the French Empire and began an alliance between the two empires that rendered the rest of continental Europe almost powerless. The two countries secretly agreed to aid each other in disputes. France pledged to aid Russia against Ottoman Turkey while Russia agreed to join the Continental System against the British Empire

Napoleon created French client states, which were formalized and recognized at Tilsit: the Kingdom of Westphalia, the Duchy of Warsaw and the Free City of Danzig. Some territory is awarded to Russia.

Napoleon not only cemented his control of Central Europe but also had Russia and the truncated Prussia ally with him against his two remaining enemies, Great Britain and Sweden, triggering the Anglo-Russian and Finnish War

The second Treaty of Tilsit is signed with Prussia on 9 July.

The treaties were made at the expense of the Prussian king, who had already agreed to a truce on 25 June after the Grande Armee had pursued him to the easternmost frontier of his realm.

Napoleon created French client states, which were formalized and recognized at Tilsit: the Kingdom of Westphalia, the Duchy of Warsaw and the Free City of Danzig. Some territory is awarded to Russia.

Napoleon not only cemented his control of Central Europe but also had Russia and the truncated Prussia ally with him against his two remaining enemies, Great Britain and Sweden, triggering the Anglo-Russian and Finnish War

The second Treaty of Tilsit is signed with Prussia on 9 July.

The treaties were made at the expense of the Prussian king, who had already agreed to a truce on 25 June after the Grande Armee had pursued him to the easternmost frontier of his realm.

Napoleon created French client states, which were formalized and recognized at Tilsit: the Kingdom of Westphalia, the Duchy of Warsaw and the Free City of Danzig. Some territory is awarded to Russia.

Napoleon not only cemented his control of Central Europe but also had Russia and the truncated Prussia ally with him against his two remaining enemies, Great Britain and Sweden, triggering the Anglo-Russian and Finnish War

The second Treaty of Tilsit is signed with Prussia on 9 July.

The treaties were made at the expense of the Prussian king, who had already agreed to a truce on 25 June after the Grande Armee had pursued him to the easternmost frontier of his realm.

The Treaty of Tilsit ended war between Imperial Russia and the French Empire and began an alliance between the two empires that rendered the rest of continental Europe almost powerless. The two countries secretly agreed to aid each other in disputes. France pledged to aid Russia against Ottoman Turkey while Russia agreed to join the Continental System against the British Empire

Prussia loses most of its Polish territory which goes to the Duchy of Warsaw. Prussia loses its territory west of the River Elbe to France. Danzig becomes a free city

Napoleon I & Alexander I agree areas of interest. French control in central & western Europe & Russian Baltic control are recognised

Napoleon I & Alexander I cease hostilities

Napoleon created French client states, which were formalized and recognized at Tilsit: the Kingdom of Westphalia, the Duchy of Warsaw and the Free City of Danzig. Some territory is awarded to Russia.

Napoleon not only cemented his control of Central Europe but also had Russia and the truncated Prussia ally with him against his two remaining enemies, Great Britain and Sweden, triggering the Anglo-Russian and Finnish War.

The Treaty of Tilsit ended war between Imperial Russia and the French Empire and began an alliance between the two empires that rendered the rest of continental Europe almost powerless.

The second Treaty of Tilsit is signed with Prussia on 9 July.

The treaties were made at the expense of the Prussian king, who had already agreed to a truce on 25 June after the Grande Armee had pursued him to the easternmost frontier of his realm.

The two countries secretly agreed to aid each other in disputes. France pledged to aid Russia against Ottoman Turkey while Russia agreed to join the Continental System against the British Empire

The Tribunate is abolished leaving Napoleon in total power

after the refusal of the Prince Regent, John VI of Portugal, to join the Continental System, Napoleon sent an army into Spain under General Jean-Andoche Junot with the task of invading Portugal

after the refusal of the Prince Regent, John VI of Portugal, to join the Continental System, Napoleon sent an army into Spain under General Jean-Andoche Junot with the task of invading Portugal

A French army is assembled under Ney & Napoleon & Joseph is reinstated in Madrid

Installs his brother Joseph as the King of Spain

The Convention of Sintra was an agreement signed on August 30, 1808 during the Peninsular War. By the agreement, the defeated French were allowed to evacuate their troops from Portugal without further conflict.[1] The Convention was signed at the Palace of Queluz, in Queluz, Sintra, Estremadura

The Convention of Sintra was an agreement signed on August 30, 1808 during the Peninsular War. By the agreement, the defeated French were allowed to evacuate their troops from Portugal without further conflict. The Convention was signed at the Palace of Queluz, in Queluz, Sintra, Estremadura

Orders the Grande Armee to be broken up

Appointed Commander of the Army in Spain, assumes control

Takes command of the army in Spain & defeats the Spanish

Captures Madrid & causes the British under General Moore to retreat

The Pope is arrested & kept in captivity

"There will not be a single village in revolt". Promises Joseph 100,000 veterans in Spain. Forced to withdraw from Spain after Austria prepares for war, never returns to Spain

The Battle diverts Napoleon from engulfing Spain with a single manoeuvre as planned. Soult defeats the British who leave the Peninsular, Napoleon feels safe to leave Spain. Believes the British army will run to the Navy, a belief held until Waterloo

The Austrians under the Archduke invade Bavaria

Napoleon leaves Paris to wage war against Austria for the 4th time

Napoleon arrives in Donauworth, Bavaria

Napoleon drives the Austrians out of Bavaria

Napoleon drives the Austrians out of Bavaria

Napoleon chooses Albern to cross the Danube, 6 miles south of Vienna

Soult is driven out of Portugal by Wellington

Takes up residence at Schonbrunn

Napoleon threatens to besiege Vienna

Napoleon crosses the Danube, 6 miles south of Vienna

The Archduke drives Napoleon back across the Danube & prevents him attacking Vienna

Pius VII excommunicates Napoleon Bonaparte

40,000 peasants rise in rebellion

40,000 peasants rise in rebellion

After the Battle of Wagram Galicia is ceded to the Duchy of Warsaw

After the Battle of Wagram the Illyrian provinces are ceded to France

After the Battle of Wagram Salzburg is ceded to Bavaria

After the Battle of Wagram the Tyrol is ceded to Bavaria

Defeats the Austrians 11 miles north east of Vienna. After the battle Salzburg & the Tyrol are ceded to Bavaria & Illyria to France. After the armistice Galicia is ceded to the Duchy of Warsaw

Austria & France sign an armistice

One of Napoleon's Marshalls, Victor, is defeated at Talavera by Wellington

The 4th French war with Austria is ended by the Treaty of Schonbrunn

Launches an invasion with 191,000 under his command

Breaks through the Spanish defence of the Sierra de Guadarrama

Drives the Spanish army of Galicia back on Leon

Napoleon reaches northern Spain

Complains to his commissariat, "I have nothing, I am naked"

Napoleon defeats a Spanish force

Napoleon enters Madrid

Napoleon enters Madrid

Turns the Grand Duchy of Warsaw into a military base. Despite the Treaty of Tilsit Napoleon strengthens his position in the Baltic

Breaks the Treaty of Tilsit by capturing Oldenburg

Decides to divorce Josephine after she fails bear him a son

Napoleon's capture of Oldenburg violates the Treaty of Tilsit

Napoleon's capture of Oldenburg violates the Treaty of Tilsit

Birth of Francois-Charles-Joseph, heir to Napoleon I, King of Rome

The National Council opens to settle the disputes between Napoleon & Pope Pius VII

The National Council closes when Napoleon refuses to free Pope Pius VII

Napoleon states the terms of a proposed alliance with Prussia

Napoleon states the terms of a proposed alliance with Prussia

Napoleon threatens to invade Berlin if Prussia makes an alliance with Russia

Alexander attempts to settle the frontiers of Europe, Napoleon declares war on Russia

On the eve of the invasion says, "Avant deux mois, la Russie me demandera la paix"

Malet forges a document announcing the death of Napoleon. Malet forges a document announcing a provisional Government under Moreau & Malet

Malet forges a document announcing a provisional Government under Moreau & Malet

The French capture Swedish Pomerania

The French capture Rugen

Prussia allows for the free passage of French troops against Russia

Prussia allows for the free passage of French troops against Russia

Leaves France for the Russian campaign

Watches leading regiments of the Grand Army cross the River Niemen at Kovno

Crosses the River Niemen with the "Grande Armee". Collects 675,000 men from the grand Duchy of Warsaw

530,000 vross the River Niemen to invade Russia

Reaches Wilna but the Russian Army has fled

Reaches Beschenkowitschi, the town has been deserted

French victory but delays their advance

The French engage some Russian regiments to force the Russians into battle

The French arrive at Wilna

The Russian Army has withdrawn without any trace

The Russians burn Smolensk as Napoleon persues them across Poland & Russia

With 80,000 men defeats an Allied Army under Schwarzenburg of 200,000 men

Arrives 72 miles south east of Moscow

Napoleon loses 30,000 to the Russian 44,000. Napoleon Loses 12 generals as the Russians retreat intact & burn Moscow. Napoleon just manages to occupy Moscow. Napoleon I is just able to continue his advance on Moscow atter losing 28,000. Napoleon I advances as far as Borodino on the River Koloc 70 miles west of Moscow

3 months after entering Russia the Grande Armee marches into the outskirts of Moscow

Enters Moscow but Moscovites are ordered to leave the city, 15,000 remain

1,000 armed Russian convicts with fuses & bombs are burn Moscow to the ground

Takes up residence in the Kremlin

Occupies part of Moscow & writes to Tsar Alexander in Saint Petersburg offering peace

Enters Moscow with the "Grande Armee" which was reduced to a force of just 1,000 men

Murat loses 2,500 troops when they are attacked by Kutuzov

After a 35 day stay & no negotiations with the Russians the Grande Armee leaves Moscow

Napoleon retreats to Smolensk

The Russians burn the Bridge at Borisov which cuts off Napoleon's retreat

Persued by forces of 3 to 1. Discovers an unmapped ford only 100 yards wide & 6 feet deep

Retreats over the Beresina River

Crosses the Beresina but only 25,000 of his Grande Armee remain

Russian attack on the French while they are crossing the Beresina River. Partial Rusian victory after the failed attempt by the French to capture Moscow

Napoleon's retreat from Russia is over, from an initial force of 525,000 men and 1,400 guns, Napoleon manages to salvage a little over 25,000 men and 200 cannons, the rest succumbed to General Winter

Deserts his army & retreats to Paris

Marshal Nicolas Oudinot fails to capture Berlin with his army of 120,000 and Napoleon is forced to withdraw westwards due to the threat to the north, crossing the Elbe in late September and organizing his forces around Leipzig

Murat deserts Napoleon for the Allies

Pius VII signs a concordat with Napoleon

1st day of the siege of Torgau

Prussia declares war on France

The Confederation dissolves after Napoleon's defeat at Leipzig. Reinforcements fail to arrive & the Saxons change sides. Napoleon flees into the city having lost 60,000 men

The fall of Torgau

Wishes to inflict a defeat on Prussia for deserting his cause. Follows Napoleon's capture of Dresden

Wittgenstein is allowed to retreat because of Neys late attack. The Russians & Prussians are driven from the east bank of the Spree. The French lose 25,000 to the Allies 11,000. Napoleon's Army of 110,000 defeat the Allied Army of 73,000. Napoleon breaks through Wittgensteins centre. A technical victory because Wittgenstein retreats into Silesia

1st day of the siege of Hamburg

The armistice of Pleischwitz

The French evacuate Madrid

The French are defeated by Wellington & Joseph is forced to retreat over the Pyrenees. The decisive victory by Wellington in the Peninsular War

1st day of the siege of Pamplona

1st day of the siege of San Sebastian

Failure to storm San Sebastian

Austria declares war on France

Suchet evacuates Tarragona

The French lose 10,000 & the Allies 38,000. French victory against the Prussians & Russians

San Sebastian falls

Advances into Silesia to engage Blucher but Blucher retreats

Napoleon arranges his army around Leipzig, but concentrates his force from Taucha through St”tteritz (where Napoleon placed his command), The Prussians advance from Wartenberg, the Austrians & Russians from Dresden & the Swedish force from the north. Defeated by the 4th Coalition

1st day of the 2nd siege of Torgau

Blucher defeats Bertrand

Bavaria leaves the Rhine Confederation & joins the Alliance against France

This record states: In total, the French have around 190,000 soldiers and the Allies almost 330,000 with both sides having significant artillery, there were over two and a half thousand pieces of ordnance on the field.

This record states: The Battle beginswith an attack by 78,000 Allied troops from the south and 54,000 from the north, with Napoleon using the bulk of his army in the south.

This record states: The allied offensives achieve little and are soon forced back, but Napoleon's outnumbered forces are unable to break the allied lines, resulting in a hard fought stalemate.

Blucher gains ground in the North but is stopped short of blocking the French retreat route, a number of Saxon and Wurttemberger units defect to the Coalition

The 6th Coalition is arranged with Field Marshal Blucher (Prussian) & Crown Prince Carl Johan of Sweden to the north, Generals Barclay De Tolly, Bennigsen (Russian) & Prince von Hessen-Homburg (Austrian) to the south & Gyulay (Austrian) to the north

The Allies launch a huge assault from all sides, in over nine hours of fighting, in which both sides suffer heavy casualties, the French troops prevent a breakthrough but are slowly forced back towards Leipzig

Bavaria joins the Allies

Saxony joins the Allies

During the fighting, 5,400 Saxons of Jean Reyniers VII Corps defect to the Allies, Napoleon sees that the battle is a lost cause and on the night of the 18th-19th he begins to withdraw the majority of his army across the river Elster

Retreats from Leipzig & battles through an Austrian-Bavarian force

The French surrender the city of Danzig to Russians

The French surrender the city of Danzig to Russians

Murat signs peace with the Allies

Wins an engagement against the Allies who eventually force the surrender of France

Wins an engagement against the Allies who eventually force the surrender of France

Wins an engagement against the Allies who eventually force the surrender of France

Wins an engagement against the Allies who eventually force the surrender of France

Napoleon rejects an Allied peace offer with France's natural borders. As the Allies approach Paris they only offer France its "the pre-revolutionary limits"

Forced to abdicate for the 1st time by the army

The Allies attack Toulouse which forces the French to evacuate

Granted 2 million francs annually, keeps his Imperial title

Death of Josephine

Lands at Cannes attracting support as he marches on Paris

Hears of discontent under the restored Bourbon monarchy & leaves Elba

Escapes from Elba with his personal guard of 1,000

Lands in Cannes from Elba with 1,500 men & begins a march on Paris

Prior to meeting Wellington at Waterloo. Inconclusive Battle against a Dutch-Belgian

Inconclusive Battle against Wellington & Blucher who still manage to join forces

Napoleon's HQ is at Ferme du Caillou

During the morning of the battle reviews his troops at La Belle Alliance

The British lose close to 15,000 & the French 25,000 killed & wounded. The Allies have a force of 68,000 British, Belgians, Dutch & Germans under Wellington. Napoleon's "Hundred Days" rule is ended after defeat at Waterloo. Napoleon commands 72,000. Defeated by 66,000 British & Bluchers force of 45,000 against the French 71,000

Abdicates for the 2nd & final time

A prisoner of war at the Island of St Helena where he stays until his death in 1821

Death of Napoleon I

Interred at Les Invalides

Napoleon wants to occupy the whole of Mexico. Britain, Spain & France agree to recover Mexican loans by occupying the Mexican coast