Akbar Biography

Is born at Umarkot in Sindh while his father Humayun is displaced from the Mughal throne.

Akbar succeeds Humayun as Mughal emperor while still a teenager.

Akbar ends Bairam Khan's regency and begins exercising direct personal authority over the Mughal Empire.

Akbar's court is influenced by Maham Anga and her faction

Akbar sends forces to conquer Malwa from Baz Bahadur

Mughal forces defeat Baz Bahadur and take Malwa.

Akbar prohibits the enslavement of prisoners captured during warfare.

Akbar marries Harka Bai of Amber as part of a Rajput alliance

Akbar forms an alliance with Raja Bharmal of Amber

Akbar abolishes the tax imposed on Hindu pilgrims, advancing a broader policy of reducing religious distinctions within imperial administration.

Akbar abolishes the pilgrimage tax imposed on Hindu pilgrims.

Akbar develops a policy of conciliation toward non-Muslim subjects as he consolidates imperial authority.

Akbar abolishes the jizya tax on non-Muslims, a major measure in his developing policy of religious accommodation.

Akbar abolishes the jizya tax on non-Muslim subjects as part of his policy of religious conciliation.

Akbar begins the siege of Chittor, targeting a major fortress of Mewar during Mughal expansion into Rajputana.

Akbar captures the fortified Rajput stronghold of Chittor after a prolonged siege, extending Mughal power in Rajasthan.

Akbar's forces capture the fortress of Chittor after a major siege in Rajasthan.

Akbar's forces storm Chittor after a prolonged siege, bringing the fortress under Mughal control.

Akbar secures Ranthambore Fort, removing another major Rajput stronghold resisting Mughal expansion.

Akbar captures the formidable fortress of Ranthambore and strengthens Mughal control in Rajasthan.

Akbar besieges Ranthambore, whose formidable fort submits after sustained Mughal pressure.

Akbar launches a campaign that brings Gujarat under Mughal authority.

Akbar personally campaigns in Gujarat and brings the wealthy western province under Mughal authority.

Akbar advances into Gujarat and occupies Ahmedabad as Mughal authority expands toward the western coast.

Mughal forces secure Surat during Akbar's conquest of Gujarat.

Akbar's Gujarat campaign secures Surat, strengthening Mughal control over an important western trading port.

Akbar establishes the Ibadat Khana at Fatehpur Sikri as a venue for religious and philosophical discussion at court.

Akbar's forces defeat the Bengal army at Tukaroi, advancing Mughal authority into eastern India.

Akbar's forces defeat the remaining Afghan resistance in Bengal, consolidating Mughal control over the province.

Akbar issues the Mahzar, strengthening the emperor's authority in disputes involving differing interpretations among Islamic legal scholars.

Akbar transfers his court to Lahore for several years to supervise northwestern frontier affairs more closely.

Akbar incorporates Kashmir into the Mughal Empire after a sustained campaign.

Akbar incorporates Kashmir into the Mughal Empire, extending imperial authority into the Himalayan region.

Akbar's government incorporates Kashmir into the Mughal Empire after a campaign against its ruling dynasty.

Akbar extends Mughal authority into Sind as the empire expands toward the northwest.

Akbar intensifies Mughal expansion into the Deccan and challenges the region's sultanates.