Innocent III Biography

Proclaims the beginning of the 4th Crusades

Appointed Pope, Lotoario deConti di Segni

Settles the conflict between Tours & Dol by awarding the Bishopric to Tours

Pope Innocent III gives command of the 4th Crusade to Boniface III

Affirms the doctrine of the universal sovereignty of the Holy See

Excommunicates the Crusaders who lay siege to Zara

Affirms the doctrine of the universal sovereignty of the Holy See

Crusaders are excommunicated for killing Christians during the capture of Zara

Crusaders are excommunicated for killing Christians during the capture of Zara

Founds the Holy Spirit Hospital in Rome

Crusaders are excommunicated for killing Christians during the capture of Zara

Roches is consecrated Bishop Peter of Winchester by Innocent III in person

Preaches the Albigensian Crusade against the heretic Catharists of Albi

Excommunicates John for not recognizing Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury

Innocent III places England under interdict

Otto of Wittlesbach invades Italy

Otto meets the Pope but refuses to yield territories captured since 1197

Preaches the Waldensian Crusade against the heretic followers of Peter Waldo. Preaches the Albigensian Crusade against the heretic Catharists of Albi

Innocent III appoints the future Pope Gregory IX protector of the Franciscans. Approves of the Franciscan order founded by Giovanni Francesco Bernardone

Excommunicates Otto IV

Innocent & Frederick reconile renouncing land claimed since death of Henry VI

Has Otto IV deposed

Upholds Johns appeal against the Magna Carta & issues a bull annulling it

Preaches the 5th Crusade at the 4th Lateran Council

Upholds Johns appeal against the Magna Carta & issues a bull annulling it

The`Mendicant Orders are founded to popularize use of the sacrament

Writes to the English barons instructing them to pay off the scutage owed to John

Pope Innocent III, following a request from King John, declares the Magna Carta invalid, the Barons of England soon retaliate by inviting King Philip of France to come to England, Philip accepted the offer

Upholds Johns appeal against the Magna Carta & issues a bull annulling it. Upholds Johns appeal against the Magna Carta & issues a bull annulling it

The 4th Lateran Council is considered by the Catholic Church to have been the twelfth ecumenical council and is sometimes called the "Great Council" or "General Council of Lateran" due to the presence of seventy-one patriarchs and metropolitan bishops, four hundred and twelve bishops, and nine hundred abbots and priors together with representatives of several monarchs

Holds the 4th Lateran Council, defines the doctrine of the Eucharist. Catholic women over 12 should make their confession & recieve Communion at Easter. Catholic men over 15 should make their confession & recieve Communion at Easter. The Council confirmed the elevation of Frederick II as Holy Roman Emperor

Preaches the 5th Crusade at the 4th Lateran Council