John XXIII Biography

one of the seven cardinals who, in May 1408, deserted Pope Gregory XII, and, with those following Antipope Benedict XIII of Avignon, convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became the leader. The aim of the council was to end the schism; to this end they deposed both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII and elected a new Pope Alexander V in 1409

one of the seven cardinals who, in May 1408, deserted Pope Gregory XII, and, with those following Antipope Benedict XIII of Avignon, convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became the leader. The aim of the council was to end the schism; to this end they deposed both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII and elected a new Pope Alexander V in 1409

John XXIII made the Medici Bank the bank of the papacy, contributing considerably to the family's wealth and prestige

Ordained as a Priest, the day before becoming Pope

Appointed Pope

Alexander V died soon after, and on 25 May 1410 Cossa was consecrated pope, taking the name John XXIII. He had been an ordained priest only one day earlier.

John XXIII was acknowledged as Pope by France, England, Bohemia, Portugal, parts of the Holy Roman Empire, and numerous Northern Italian city states, including Florence and Venice however

and parts of Germany and Poland

the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII was regarded as Pope by the Kingdoms of Aragon Castile Sicily and Scotland and Gregory XII was still favored by Ladislaus of Naples Carlo I Malatesta the princes of Bavaria Louis III Elector Palatine

The main enemy of John was Ladislaus of Naples, who protected Gregory XII in Rome. Following his election as pope, John spent a year in Bologna and then joined forces with Louis II of Anjou to march against Ladislaus. An initial victory proved short-lived and Ladislaus retook Rome in May 1413, forcing John to flee to Florence

The main enemy of John was Ladislaus of Naples, who protected Gregory XII in Rome. Following his election as pope, John spent a year in Bologna and then joined forces with Louis II of Anjou to march against Ladislaus. An initial victory proved short-lived and Ladislaus retook Rome in May 1413, forcing John to flee to Florence

The Council of Constance was convened on 30 October 1413. During the third session, rival Pope Gregory XII authorized the council as well. The council resolved that all three popes should abdicate and a new Pope be elected

The Council of Constance was convened by Pisan Pope John XXIII in 1414 at Constance to resolve the Western Schism. This is endorsed by Gregory XII, Innocent VII's successor in Rome, thus ensuring the legitimacy of any election

The Council of Constance was convened on 30 October 1413. During the third session, rival Pope Gregory XII authorized the council as well. The council resolved that all three popes should abdicate and a new Pope be elected

The Council of Constance secures the resignations of John XXIII and Gregory XII while excommunicating the claimant who refused to step down, Benedict XIII

The Council of Constance secures the resignations of John XXIII and Gregory XII while excommunicating the claimant who refused to step down, Benedict XIII

Deposed and tried for crimes

Appointed Nuncio to France, 1944-1953

Appointed Cardinal of Venice

Appointed Pope, originally Angelo Giuseppe Roncali