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D-Day and Normandy ยท permanent subject timeline

Falaise Pocket

The encirclement that ended the main Battle of Normandy. This page combines historical context with 74 matching records drawn directly from the World History Database Normandy archive.

74 matching archive records1944โ€“1944 record spanOpen full 455-record archive

Historical context

Falaise Pocket: overview and significance

What happened?

By August 1944 American, Canadian, British and Polish forces were converging around Falaise, Argentan and Chambois. Large German formations attempted to escape east through a narrowing corridor.

Why was it important?

Closing the pocket inflicted severe losses on German forces in Normandy and opened the route toward the Seine and Paris. The battle effectively ended the main Normandy campaign.

World History Database records

Falaise Pocket timeline

The records below are selected from the 455-record D-Day and Normandy archive and rendered as static HTML in chronological order.

1944
1944 15th May

Operation Overlord

Viscount Commander of Eighth Army Bernard Law Montgomery Alemen, 1st ยท Great Britain ยท London ยท World War, 2nd

Presents the final plan to senior commanders, the King, Smuts & Churchill at St Pauls. Expresses his belief that that Allied tanks will reach Falaise on D-Day

1944 18th July

Operation Goodwood

Viscount Commander of Eighth Army Bernard Law Montgomery Alemen, 1st ยท Great Britain ยท Caen ยท World War, 2nd

The British VIII and I Corps, to the east of Caen, launch Operation Goodwood. The British lose 450 tanks, the Sherman displays serious weaknesses. Launches 3 Divisions east of Caen to gain the Bourguebus Ridge on the road to Falaise.

1944 7th August

Commonwealth

Omar Nelson Bradley ยท United States of America ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The town of Falaise becomes a major objective of Commonwealth forces, since its capture would cut off virtually all of Generalfeldmarschall Gunther von Kluges Army Group B

1944 7th August

Commonwealth

Fuhrer Chancellor Adolf Hitler ยท Germany ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The town of Falaise becomes a major objective of Commonwealth forces, since its capture would cut off virtually all of Generalfeldmarschall Gunther von Kluges Army Group B

1944 7th August

Commonwealth

Commander of 4th Army Guenther Hans von Kluge ยท Germany ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The town of Falaise becomes a major objective of Commonwealth forces, since its capture would cut off virtually all of Generalfeldmarschall Gunther von Kluges Army Group B

1944 7th August

Operation Lutch

Omar Nelson Bradley ยท United States of America ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The town of Falaise becomes a major objective of Commonwealth forces, since its capture would cut off virtually all of Generalfeldmarschall Gunther von Kluges Army Group B

1944 7th August

Operation Lutch

Fuhrer Chancellor Adolf Hitler ยท Germany ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The town of Falaise becomes a major objective of Commonwealth forces, since its capture would cut off virtually all of Generalfeldmarschall Gunther von Kluges Army Group B

1944 7th August

Operation Lutch

Commander of 4th Army Guenther Hans von Kluge ยท Germany ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The town of Falaise becomes a major objective of Commonwealth forces, since its capture would cut off virtually all of Generalfeldmarschall Gunther von Kluges Army Group B

1944 7th August

Operation Totalize

Omar Nelson Bradley ยท United States of America ยท Normandy ยท World War, 2nd

Orders Patton to Le Mans & the British to Falaise. Launched by Bradley to totally defeat the Germans in Normandy

1944 7th August

Operation Totalize

Commander of II US Corps Guy Simmonds ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Launches the II Canadian Corps on a renewed offensive towards Falaise

1944 7th August

Siege of Falaise

Commander of 4th Army Guenther Hans von Kluge ยท Germany ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The town of Falaise becomes a major objective of Commonwealth forces, since its capture would cut off virtually all of Generalfeldmarschall Gunther von Kluges Army Group B

1944 8th August

Operation Overlord

Omar Nelson Bradley ยท United States of America ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Orders Patton to create a "short hook" from Le Mans to Falaise to trap the Germans

1944 8th August

Operation Overlord

George Smith Patton ยท United States of America ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Ordered by Bradley to create a "short hook" from Le Mans to Falaise

1944 8th August

Operation Totalize

Major General Commander of 1st Polish Armoured Division Stanislaw Maczek ยท Poland ยท Caen ยท World War, 2nd

Maczek's division joined the armoured exploitation from the Caen sector toward Falaise.

1944 8th August

Operation Totalize

SS Brigadefuhrer Commander of 12th SS Panzer Division Kurt Meyer ยท Germany ยท Caen ยท World War, 2nd

Meyer directed German resistance against the Canadian-led offensive from Caen toward Falaise.

1944 8th August

Operation Totalize

Michael Wittman ยท Germany ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Germany's greatest tank ace of the war is killed in action

1944 9th August

Operation Totalize

Guy Simonds ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The Canadian Armys offensive stalled on August 9, with strong Wehrmacht counterattacks resulting in heavy casualties for the Canadian and Polish armoured and infantry divisions

1944 9th August

Wehrmacht

Guy Simonds ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The Canadian Armys offensive stalled on August 9, with strong Wehrmacht counterattacks resulting in heavy casualties for the Canadian and Polish armoured and infantry divisions

1944 10th August

Operation Totalize

Guy Simonds ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Operation Tractable incorporated lessons learned from Operation Totalize, notably the effectiveness of mechanized infantry units and tactical bombing raids by heavy bombers. By August 10, Canadian troops had reached Hill 195, north of Falaise, they are unable to advance farther immediately and they had been unable to capture Falaise

1944 10th August

Operation Tractable

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

By August 10, Canadian troops had reached Hill 195, north of Falaise

1944 10th August

Operation Tractable

Guy Simonds ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

By August 10, Canadian troops had reached Hill 195, north of Falaise

1944 10th August

Wehrmacht

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The Canadian Armys offensive stalled on August 9, with strong Wehrmacht counterattacks resulting in heavy casualties for the Canadian and Polish armoured and infantry divisions

1944 11th August

Operation Totalize

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Caen ยท World War, 2nd

Operation Totalize is abandoned after failure to advance along the Caen-Falaise Road

1944 13th August

Operation Overlord

George Smith Patton ยท United States of America ยท Argentan ยท World War, 2nd

The "Falaise Pocket" forms as a French patrol enters Argentan

1944 13th August

Pocket-Falaise

George Smith Patton ยท United States of America ยท Argentan ยท World War, 2nd

The "Falaise Pocket" forms as a French patrol enters Argentan

1944 13th August

Pocket-Falaise

George Smith Patton ยท United States of America ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Pattons 3rd Army was at Falaise & Montgomerys 2First Army Group at Argentan. Patton is ordered to halt, Montgomery takes 2 weeks to close the gap

1944 13th August

Siege of Argentan

George Smith Patton ยท United States of America ยท Argentan ยท World War, 2nd

The "Falaise Pocket" forms as a French patrol enters Argentan

1944 13th August

Third Army

George Smith Patton ยท United States of America ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Pattons 3rd Army was at Falaise & Montgomerys 2First Army Group at Argentan

1944 14th August

Capture of Falaise

Fuhrer Chancellor Adolf Hitler ยท Germany ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The Allies capture Falaise & advance towards the Seine

1944 14th August

Operation Tractable

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Many of the bombers mistakenly dropped short of their targets, causing 400 Polish and Canadian casualties.

1944 14th August

Operation Tractable

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Operation Tractable began at 12:00 on August 14 when 800 Lancaster and Halifax bombers struck German positions along the front.

1944 14th August

Operation Tractable

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The Canadians attempt to encircle the 5th Panzer, 7th Army & Panzer Gruppe Eberbach.

1944 14th August

Operation Tractable

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Throughout the day, continual attacks by the 4th Canadian and Polish 1st Armoured Divisions managed to force a crossing of the Laison River.

1944 14th August

Operation Tractable

Commander of First Canadian Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Caen ยท World War, 2nd

Crerar's army continued the advance from the Caen sector toward Falaise and Trun.

1944 14th August

Operation Tractable

Viscount Commander of Eighth Army Bernard Law Montgomery Alemen, 1st ยท Great Britain ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Launches another operation against Falaise

1944 14th August

Operation Tractable

Guy Simonds ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Operation Tractable began at 12:00 on August 14 when 800 Lancaster and Halifax bombers struck German positions along the front. Many of the bombers mistakenly dropped short of their targets, causing 400 Polish and Canadian casualties

1944 14th August

Operation Tractable

Commander of II Canadian Corps Guy Granville Simonds ยท Canada ยท Caen ยท World War, 2nd

Simonds launched Tractable as the next armoured drive from the Caen-Falaise axis.

1944 15th August

Operation Tractable

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Although the first days progress was slower than expected, Operation Tractable resumed on August 15; both armoured divisions pushed southeast towards Falaise

1944 16th August

Operation Tractable

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The drive for Trun by Polish and Canadian Armoured Divisions began on August 16, with preliminary attacks in preparation for an assault against Trun and Chambois. The 2nd Canadian Infantry Division break into Falaise, encountering minor opposition from Waffen SS units and scattered pockets of German infantry

1944 16th August

Operation Tractable

Commander in Chief Guenther Hans von Kluge ยท Germany ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Refuses to carry out an order from the OKW to counter-attack

1944 16th August

Operation Tractable

Stanislaw Maczek ยท Poland ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The drive for Trun by Polish and Canadian Armoured Divisions began on August 16, with preliminary attacks in preparation for an assault against Trun and Chambois. Stanislaw Maczek, the Polish divisional commander, split his forces into three battlegroups each of an armoured regiment and an infantry battalion

1944 16th August

Operation Tractable

Guy Simonds ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The drive for Trun by Polish and Canadian Armoured Divisions began on August 16, with preliminary attacks in preparation for an assault against Trun and Chambois. The 2nd Canadian Infantry Division break into Falaise, encountering minor opposition from Waffen SS units and scattered pockets of German infantry

1944 17th August

Dismissal

Fuhrer Chancellor Adolf Hitler ยท Germany ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Dismisses von Kluge

1944 17th August

Operation Tractable

Fuhrer Chancellor Adolf Hitler ยท Germany ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Authorizes a retreat

1944 17th August

Operation Tractable

Stanislaw Maczek ยท Poland ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Trun is liberated on the morning of August 18. The Polish 1st Armoured Division had outflanked the 12th SS Panzer Division, enabling several Polish formations to both reach the 4th Armoured Divisions objectives and significantly expand the bridgehead northwest of Trun

1944 19th August

Falaise Pocket

Stanislaw Maczek ยท Poland ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Novel tactics by Polish 1st Armoured Division, under the command of Stanislaw Maczek during the drive for Chambois, enabled the Falaise Gap to be partially closed by August 19, 1944, trapping about 150,000 German soldiers in the Falaise Pocket

1944 19th August

Operation Tractable

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Novel tactics by Polish 1st Armoured Division, under the command of Stanislaw Maczek during the drive for Chambois, enabled the Falaise Gap to be partially closed by August 19, 1944, trapping about 150,000 German soldiers in the Falaise Pocket

1944 19th August

Operation Tractable

Stanislaw Maczek ยท Poland ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Novel tactics by Polish 1st Armoured Division, under the command of Stanislaw Maczek during the drive for Chambois, enabled the Falaise Gap to be partially closed by August 19, 1944, trapping about 150,000 German soldiers in the Falaise Pocket

1944 21st August

Battle of Falaise Gap

Supreme Commander West Otto Moritz Walter Model ยท Germany ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The final pocket of resistance in the Falaise Gap is removed by the Alies

1944 21st August

Falaise Gap

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Surrender and capture of the remaining units of the German 7th Army which were trapped in the Falaise Pocket. Elements of the First Canadian Army relieved the Polish Armys survivors of this Battle and the Canadian Army was finally able to close the Falaise Pocket by linking up with the troops of the American 3rd Army on the other side

1944 21st August

Operation Totalize

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

General Harry Crerar, commanding the newly formed First Canadian Army and Lieutenant General Guy Simonds of the II Canadian Corps, planned an Anglo-Canadian offensive with the code name of Operation Totalize

1944 21st August

Operation Totalize

Guy Simonds ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

General Harry Crerar, commanding the newly formed First Canadian Army and Lieutenant General Guy Simonds of the II Canadian Corps, planned an Anglo-Canadian offensive with the code name of Operation Totalize

1944 21st August

Operation Tractable

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Surrender and capture of the remaining units of the German 7th Army which were trapped in the Falaise Pocket. Elements of the First Canadian Army relieved the Polish Armys survivors of this Battle and the Canadian Army was finally able to close the Falaise Pocket by linking up with the troops of the American 3rd Army on the other side

1944 21st August

Operation Tractable

Fuhrer Chancellor Adolf Hitler ยท Germany ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Surrender and capture of the remaining units of the German 7th Army which were trapped in the Falaise Pocket. Elements of the First Canadian Army relieved the Polish Armys survivors of this Battle and the Canadian Army was finally able to close the Falaise Pocket by linking up with the troops of the American 3rd Army on the other side

1944 21st August

Operation Tractable

Stanislaw Maczek ยท Poland ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Elements of the First Canadian Army relieved the Polish Armys survivors of this Battle and the Canadian Army was finally able to close the Falaise Pocket by linking up with the troops of the American 3rd Army on the other side

1944 21st August

Seventh Army

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Surrender and capture of the remaining units of the German 7th Army which were trapped in the Falaise Pocket

1944 21st August

Seventh Army

Fuhrer Chancellor Adolf Hitler ยท Germany ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Surrender and capture of the remaining units of the German 7th Army which were trapped in the Falaise Pocket

1944 21st August

Third Army

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Elements of the First Canadian Army relieved the Polish Armys survivors of this Battle and the Canadian Army was finally able to close the Falaise Pocket by linking up with the troops of the American 3rd Army on the other side

1944 21st August

Third Army

Fuhrer Chancellor Adolf Hitler ยท Germany ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Elements of the First Canadian Army relieved the Polish Armys survivors of this Battle and the Canadian Army was finally able to close the Falaise Pocket by linking up with the troops of the American 3rd Army on the other side

1944 21st August

Third Army

Stanislaw Maczek ยท Poland ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Elements of the First Canadian Army relieved the Polish Armys survivors of this Battle and the Canadian Army was finally able to close the Falaise Pocket by linking up with the troops of the American 3rd Army on the other side

1944 22nd August

Operation Totalize

Omar Nelson Bradley ยท United States of America ยท Chambois ยท World War, 2nd

Poles & Americans seal the Falaise pocket officially ending the Normandy Campaign

1944 22nd August

Operation Totalize

Viscount Commander of Eighth Army Bernard Law Montgomery Alemen, 1st ยท Great Britain ยท Chambois ยท World War, 2nd

The Poles & Americans meet & seal the Falaise pocket, ends the Normandy Campaign

1944 22nd August

Pocket-Falaise

Omar Nelson Bradley ยท United States of America ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

Poles & Americans seal the Falaise pocket officially ending the Normandy Campaign

1944 August

Operation Totalize

Dep Comm-12th SS Panzer Division Kurt Meyer ยท Germany ยท Caen ยท World War, 2nd

Defends the Caen-Falaise road forcing the abandonment of Operation Totalize

1944 August

Operation Tractable

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

This record states: And it was a part of the largest encirclement on the German Western Front during World War II.

1944 August

Operation Tractable

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

This record states: Operation Tractable is the final offensive conducted by Canadian Army and Polish Army troops as part of the Battle of Normandy.

1944 August

Operation Tractable

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

This record states: The goal of operation Totalize is to capture the strategically important French town of Falaise, and following that, the smaller towns of Trun and Chambois.

1944 August

Operation Tractable

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

This record states: This operation was undertaken by the Polish 1st Armoured Division and the First Canadian Army against the Wehrmachts Army Group B.

1944 August

Second Canadian Corps

Guy Simonds ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

General Harry Crerar, commanding the newly formed First Canadian Army and Lieutenant General Guy Simonds of the II Canadian Corps, planned an Anglo-Canadian offensive with the code name of Operation Totalize

1944 August

Siege of Chambois

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Chambois ยท World War, 2nd

The goal of operation Totalize is to capture the strategically important French town of Falaise, and following that, the smaller towns of Trun and Chambois

1944 August

Siege of Falaise

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

The goal of operation Totalize is to capture the strategically important French town of Falaise, and following that, the smaller towns of Trun and Chambois

1944 August

Siege of Trun

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Trun ยท World War, 2nd

The goal of operation Totalize is to capture the strategically important French town of Falaise, and following that, the smaller towns of Trun and Chambois

1944 August

Wehrmacht

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

This operation was undertaken by the Polish 1st Armoured Division and the First Canadian Army against the Wehrmachts Army Group B, and it was a part of the largest encirclement on the German Western Front during World War II

1944 August

Western Front

Commander of First Army Henry Duncan Graham Crerar ยท Canada ยท Falaise ยท World War, 2nd

This operation was undertaken by the Polish 1st Armoured Division and the First Canadian Army against the Wehrmachts Army Group B, and it was a part of the largest encirclement on the German Western Front during World War II

Editorial provenance

Sources and editorial review

Compiled and edited by World History Database.

Historical context is editorial material; the chronology is generated from World History Database D-Day and Normandy records.

Last reviewed: September 2026.

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