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Introduction of the Euro

Selection of participants, electronic launch and the 2002 cash changeover. This page combines historical context with 39 matching records drawn directly from the World History Database EEC archive.

39 matching archive records 1995โ€“2008 record span Open full 936-record archive

Historical context

Introduction of the Euro: overview and significance

What happened?

European governments moved from convergence decisions and legal preparations to the introduction of the euro for electronic and financial use in 1999 and notes and coins in 2002.

Why was it important?

The euro created a shared currency for much of the European Union and represented the most visible institutional result of Economic and Monetary Union.

World History Database records

Introduction of the Euro timeline

The records below are selected from the 936-record EEC and European integration archive and rendered as static HTML in chronological order.

1995
1995 15th December

Madrid European Council

Chancellor of Germany Helmut Kohl ยท Germany ยท Madrid ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Represents Germany as leaders agree the timetable for monetary union and choose euro as the single currency's name.

1995 15th December

Madrid European Council

Prime Minister of Greece Andreas Papandreou ยท Greece ยท Madrid ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Represents Greece as leaders choose euro as the name of the future single currency.

1995 15th December

Madrid European Council

Taoiseach of Ireland John Bruton ยท Ireland ยท Madrid ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Represents Ireland as leaders choose euro as the name of the future single currency.

1995 15th December

Madrid European Council

Prime Minister of Italy Lamberto Dini ยท Italy ยท Madrid ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Represents Italy as leaders choose euro as the name of the future single currency.

1995 16th December

Euro Name Agreement

President of France Jacques Chirac ยท France ยท Madrid ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Chirac joined European leaders in adopting the name euro for the future single currency.

1995 16th December

Euro Name and Changeover Plan

Finance Minister of Germany Theodor Waigel ยท Germany ยท Madrid ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Supports the Madrid changeover scenario establishing euro as the name of the future single currency.

1995 16th December

Euro Changeover Plan

Foreign Minister of Greece Karolos Papoulias ยท Greece ยท Madrid ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Supports the changeover scenario establishing the timetable for the single currency.

1995 16th December

Euro Changeover Plan

Finance Minister of Ireland Ruairi Quinn ยท Ireland ยท Madrid ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Supports the timetable and legal preparations for the future single currency.

1995 16th December

Euro Changeover Plan

Foreign Minister of Italy Susanna Agnelli ยท Italy ยท Madrid ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Supports the changeover scenario setting the route from national currencies to the euro.

1996
1996 14th December

Stability and Growth Pact Agreement

Finance Minister of Ireland Ruairi Quinn ยท Ireland ยท Dublin ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Helps secure political agreement on the fiscal framework accompanying the euro.

1996 December

Euro Legal Framework Negotiations

Finance Minister of Ireland Ruairi Quinn ยท Ireland ยท Dublin ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Helps broker arrangements governing the legal transition to the future single currency.

1998
1998 2nd May

Euro Participant Decision

Prime Minister of France Lionel Jospin ยท France ยท Brussels ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Jospin supported France's participation among the initial states approved to launch the single currency.

1998 2nd May

Euro Conversion Preparation

Finance Minister of Germany Theodor Waigel ยท Germany ยท Brussels ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Participates in the agreement on the method for determining irrevocable conversion rates for the future euro.

1998 2nd May

Euro Participant Decision

Chancellor of Germany Helmut Kohl ยท Germany ยท Brussels ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Represents Germany when leaders decide that eleven member states meet the conditions to adopt the euro from 1999.

1998 2nd May

Euro Participant Decision

Prime Minister of Italy Romano Prodi ยท Italy ยท Brussels ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Represents Italy when leaders confirm that Italy qualifies to adopt the euro from 1999.

1998 2nd May

Italy Qualifies for Euro

Treasury Minister of Italy Carlo Azeglio Ciampi ยท Italy ยท Brussels ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Supports Italy's successful qualification for participation in the first wave of the euro.

1998 11th December

Vienna European Council

Chancellor of Germany Gerhard Schroder ยท Germany ยท Vienna ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Represents Germany as leaders prepare for the launch of the euro and discuss employment and institutional reform.

1998 12th December

Euro Convergence Programme

National Economy Minister of Greece Yannos Papantoniou ยท Greece ยท Vienna ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Supports Greece's convergence strategy aimed at qualifying for later entry into the euro area.

1999
1999 1st January

Euro Launch

President of France Jacques Chirac ยท France ยท Paris ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

France adopted the euro for accounting and electronic transactions when the single currency was launched.

1999 1st January

Euro Introduced

Chancellor of Germany Gerhard Schroder ยท Germany ยท Berlin ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Heads the German government when the euro becomes Germany's currency for electronic payments and accounting.

1999 1st January

Euro Monetary Union Begins

Finance Minister of Germany Oskar Lafontaine ยท Germany ยท Berlin ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Serves as finance minister when Germany enters the third stage of economic and monetary union.

1999 1st January

Euro Introduced

Taoiseach of Ireland Bertie Ahern ยท Ireland ยท Dublin ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Heads the government when the euro becomes Ireland's currency for electronic payments and accounting.

1999 1st January

Euro Monetary Union Begins

Finance Minister of Ireland Charlie McCreevy ยท Ireland ยท Dublin ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Oversees Irish fiscal policy as Ireland enters the third stage of economic and monetary union.

1999 1st January

Euro Introduced

Prime Minister of Italy Massimo D'Alema ยท Italy ยท Rome ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Heads the Italian government when the euro becomes Italy's currency for electronic payments and accounting.

2000
2000 9th March

Greek Euro Application

Prime Minister of Greece Costas Simitis ยท Greece ยท Athens ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Leads Greece as it requests removal of its monetary-union derogation and seeks entry into the euro area.

2000 19th June

Euro Convergence Approved

National Economy Minister of Greece Yannos Papantoniou ยท Greece ยท Santa Maria da Feira ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Sees Greece's convergence programme accepted as sufficient for euro adoption from January 2001.

2000 19th June

Greece Approved for Euro

Prime Minister of Greece Costas Simitis ยท Greece ยท Santa Maria da Feira ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Represents Greece as the Council confirms that the country meets the conditions to adopt the euro.

2001
2001 1st January

Greece Adopts Euro

Prime Minister of Greece Costas Simitis ยท Greece ยท Athens ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Greece enters the euro area under Simitis, becoming its twelfth participating state.

2002
2002 1st January

Euro Cash Changeover

President of France Jacques Chirac ยท France ยท Paris ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Euro banknotes and coins entered circulation in France and eleven other participating countries.

2002 1st January

Euro Cash Changeover

Finance Minister of Germany Hans Eichel ยท Germany ยท Berlin ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Oversees Germany's fiscal administration as euro notes and coins enter circulation.

2002 1st January

Euro Cash Introduction

Chancellor of Germany Gerhard Schroder ยท Germany ยท Berlin ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Heads the German government when euro banknotes and coins replace the Deutsche Mark in everyday cash use.

2002 1st January

Euro Cash Changeover

Economy and Finance Minister of Greece Nikos Christodoulakis ยท Greece ยท Athens ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Oversees the physical currency changeover from the drachma to euro notes and coins.

2002 1st January

Euro Cash Introduction

Prime Minister of Greece Costas Simitis ยท Greece ยท Athens ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Heads the Greek government when euro banknotes and coins replace the drachma in everyday use.

2002 1st January

Euro Cash Changeover

Finance Minister of Ireland Charlie McCreevy ยท Ireland ยท Dublin ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Oversees the physical currency changeover from Irish pounds to euro notes and coins.

2002 1st January

Euro Cash Introduction

Taoiseach of Ireland Bertie Ahern ยท Ireland ยท Dublin ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Heads the government when euro banknotes and coins replace the Irish pound in everyday use.

2002 1st January

Euro Cash Changeover

Economy Minister of Italy Giulio Tremonti ยท Italy ยท Rome ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Oversees Italy's financial administration as euro notes and coins enter circulation.

2002 1st January

Euro Cash Introduction

Prime Minister of Italy Silvio Berlusconi ยท Italy ยท Rome ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Heads the Italian government when euro banknotes and coins replace the lira in everyday cash use.

2003
2003 9th June

Economy of Great Britain

Prime Minister of Great Britain Anthony Charles Lynton Blair ยท Great Britain ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Finance minister Brown rules out British adoption of the EU euro, dashing Blair hopes of placing Britain "at the heart of the European Union"

2008
2008 12th October

European Financial Crisis Coordination

President of France Nicolas Sarkozy ยท France ยท Paris ยท European Economic Community (EEC)

Sarkozy hosted euro-area leaders in Paris to coordinate measures responding to the financial crisis.

Editorial provenance

Sources and editorial review

Compiled and edited by World History Database.

Historical context is editorial material; the chronology is generated from World History Database EEC records.

Last reviewed: September 2026.

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