Permanent historical factsheet

Marriage

England · House / House of Tudor. Chronological records rendered directly from the World History Database.

168Records
1429–1581Date range
26Named people
22Places

Chronological records

1429

Owen Tudor1429

London · House / House of Tudor

Secretly marries Catherine of Valois

1444

Margaret Beaufort Richmond7 February 1444

House / House of Tudor

Married to Suffolks son, John de la Pole

1455

Margaret Beaufort Richmond1 November 1455

House / House of Tudor

Margaret was 12 when she married the 24-year-old Edmund Tudor

Margaret Beaufort Richmond1455

House / House of Tudor

Marries Edmund Tudor the Earl of Richmond. Before the annulment of her first marriage, Henry VI chose Margaret as a bride for his half-brother, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. Edmund was the eldest son of the King's mother, Catherine of Valois, by Owen Tudor

Edmund Tudor Richmond, 13th1455

House / House of Tudor

Marries Margaret Beaufort, great granddaughter & heiress of John of Gaunt

1458

Margaret Beaufort Richmond3 January 1458

House / House of Tudor

The 14-year-old Margaret marries Sir Henry Stafford, son of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham

1472

Margaret Beaufort Richmond1472

House / House of Tudor

Margaret marries Thomas Stanley, the Lord High Constable and King of Mann. Margarets marriage to Stanley enabled her to return to the court of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville

1485

Elizabeth of York1485

House / House of Tudor

Elizabeth Woodville arranges to marry her daughter to Tudor if he could overthrow King Richard, which he did at the Battle of Bosworth Field on August 22, 1485, becoming King Henry VII

1486

Elizabeth of York18 January 1486

London · House / House of Tudor

Taken from the Tower of London to marry Henry VII. Parliament itself, on behalf of the people, petitions Henry VII to carry out his promise to marry Elizabeth of York. Marries Henry VII, unites the Houses of Lancaster & York and unites rival Lancastrian & Yorkist factions. Honours a promise made to the Yorkists who defected from Richard III

Henry VII18 January 1486

London · House / House of Tudor

Unites the Houses of Lancaster & York. Marries Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV

Henry VII18 January 1486

Westminster Abbey · House / House of Tudor

Henry VII marries Elizabeth of York, uniting the Tudor claim with the senior Yorkist line.

1496

Catherine of AragonMarch 1496

London · House / House of Tudor

Negotiations for the actual betrothal of Catherine of Aragon to Prince Arthur begin

1497

Arthur of Wales18 June 1497

House / House of Tudor

Henry VII ratifies the marriage between Prince Arthur & Catherine of Aragon

Catherine of Aragon18 June 1497

House / House of Tudor

Henry VII ratifies the marriage between Prince Arthur & Catherine of Aragon

Henry VII18 June 1497

House / House of Tudor

Henry VII ratifies the marriage between Prince Arthur & Catherine of Aragon

1498

Henry VII1498

London · House / House of Tudor

Negotiations advance for Princess Margaret Tudor to marry James IV of Scotland, strengthening a dynastic route to peace.

1499

Arthur of Wales19 May 1499

Worcester · House / House of Tudor

1st of the wedding ceremonies between Catherine & Arthur take place at Bewdley Palace

Catherine of Aragon19 May 1499

Worcester · House / House of Tudor

1st of the wedding ceremonies between Catherine & Arthur take place at Bewdley Palace

1500

Arthur of Wales1500

London · House / House of Tudor

Goes through a 2nd marriage ceremony with Catherine

Catherine of Aragon1500

House / House of Tudor

Del Puebla acts as Catherines proxy. 2nd marriage ceremony with Arthur after reaching the age of consent

1501

Arthur14 November 1501

House / House of Tudor

Arthur marries Catherine of Aragon

Arthur of Wales14 November 1501

London · House / House of Tudor

Marries Catherine of Aragon

Arthur of Wales14 November 1501

St Pauls · House / House of Tudor

Marries Catherine of Aragon at St Pauls

Catherine of Aragon14 November 1501

London · House / House of Tudor

Marries Prince Arthur at St Pauls Cathedral

Henry VIINovember 1501

Dogmersfield · House / House of Tudor

Henry VII meets Catherine of Aragon at Dogmersfield after her arrival in England to marry Prince Arthur.

1502

Catherine of Aragon25 June 1502

House / House of Tudor

Catherine of Aragon is betrothed to Henry VIII

Henry VIII25 June 1502

House / House of Tudor

Catherine of Aragon is betrothed to Henry VIII

Catherine of Aragon1502

London · House / House of Tudor

Asserts that her marriage with Prince Arthur in 1501 was never consumated

1503

Catherine of Aragon23 June 1503

London · House / House of Tudor

The marriage contract to the future Henry VIII is concluded

Catherine of Aragon26 December 1503

House / House of Tudor

Pope Julius grants dispensation for Henry to marry Catherine

Catherine of Aragon1503

House / House of Tudor

"If a man shall take his brothers wife, it is impurity..they shall be childless"

Henry VIII1503

House / House of Tudor

"If a man shall take his brothers wife, it is impurity..they shall be childless"

1504

Catherine of Aragon1504

London · House / House of Tudor

Papal dispensation is granted from Pope Julius II for Henry & Catherine to marry

1505

Catherine of Aragon27 June 1505

House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII repudiates his betrothal to Catherine of Aragon

Henry VIII27 June 1505

House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII repudiates his betrothal to Catherine of Aragon

1507

Henry VII21 December 1507

House / House of Tudor

Henry VII signs a marriage Treaty between his daughter Mary & Archduke Charles

Mary21 December 1507

House / House of Tudor

Henry VII signs a marriage Treaty between his daughter Mary & Archduke Charles

1509

Catherine of Aragon11 June 1509

Greenwich · House / House of Tudor

Marries Henry VIII at Grey Friars Church, re-allying England with Spain

Henry VIII11 June 1509

Greenwich · House / House of Tudor

Marries Catherine of Aragon, his dead brothers widow, daughter of Ferdinand II

1513

Henry VIIIOctober 1513

Lille · House / House of Tudor

Agrees that his sister should marry Emperor Maximilian's grandson, Charles of Castille

1514

Henry VIIIFebruary 1514

London · House / House of Tudor

Sends letters to Margaret of Austria about Marys wedding to the Prince of Castille

Henry VIII30 July 1514

Wansted · House / House of Tudor

Mary repudiates her marriage contract to the Prince of Castille during a ceremony

Henry VIII6 August 1514

Kinnoul · House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII's sister Mary marries Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus

Mary6 August 1514

Kinnoul · House / House of Tudor

Henry VIIIs sister Mary marries Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus

Henry VIII13 August 1514

Greenwich · House / House of Tudor

Marries Louis of France at a proxy wedding. Attended on Louis behalf by the Duke of Longueville

Margaret13 August 1514

Greenwich · House / House of Tudor

Mary marries Louis of France at a "proxy" wedding

Margaret19 September 1514

London · House / House of Tudor

Leaves London to join her new husband Louis XII in France

Margaret1 October 1514

Dover · House / House of Tudor

Sets sail from Dover for France

Henry VIII9 October 1514

House / House of Tudor

Mary Tudor, younger sister of Henry VIII, marries Louis XII

Margaret9 October 1514

Abbeville · House / House of Tudor

Meets her new husband Louis XII for the 1st time

Mary9 October 1514

Abbeville · House / House of Tudor

Mary Tudor, younger sister of Henry VIII, marries Louis XII

Henry VIII1514

London · House / House of Tudor

Sends letters to Margaret of Austria about Marys wedding to the Prince of Castille. Offers his sister Mary as a bride to Louis XII

Mary1514

House / House of Tudor

Marries Louis XII

Tudor1514

London · House / House of Tudor

Marries Louis XII, daughter of Henry VII & Elizabeth

1515

Henry VIII13 May 1515

Greenwich · House / House of Tudor

Mary secretly marries Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk

Mary13 May 1515

Greenwich · House / House of Tudor

Secretly marries Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk

Henry VIII1515

House / House of Tudor

Mary marries Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, in France without Henry VIII's permission

Mary1515

House / House of Tudor

Mary marries Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, in France without Henry VIIIs permission

Tudor1515

London · House / House of Tudor

Under the terms of James IVs will is forced to give up the regency. Marries the 6th Earl of Angus, her councillor

1518

Mary I5 October 1518

Greenwich · House / House of Tudor

Henrys 2 year old daughter Mary is promised to Francis the Dauphin of France

Henry VIII5 October 1518

Greenwich · House / House of Tudor

Henry's 3 year old daughter Mary is betrothed to Francis the Dauphin of France

Thomas Wolsey1518

Greenwich · House / House of Tudor

Participates in the ceremony of Henrys daughter Mary to the Dauphin of France

1520

Henry VIII4 February 1520

House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII attends the marriage of Thomas Boleyns daughter Mary to William Carey

Mary I1520

House / House of Tudor

Discussions begin to marry Princes Mary to her cousin Emperor Charles V

Henry VIII1520

House / House of Tudor

Discussions begin to marry Princes Mary to her cousin Emperor Charles V

1525

Catherine of Aragon1525

House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII no longer sleeps with Catherine because she is past childbearing age

Henry VIII1525

House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII no longer sleeps with Catherine because she is past childbearing age

1526

Catherine of Aragon1526

London · House / House of Tudor

Catherine & Henry cease to co-habit

1527

Henry VIII2 April 1527

London · House / House of Tudor

Asks the Pope for an annulment

Catherine of Aragon17 May 1527

London · House / House of Tudor

An ecclesiastical court hears Henrys requests for an annulment

Henry VIII17 May 1527

London · House / House of Tudor

Wolsey & Warham convene an ecclesiastical court to examine the King's marriage. An ecclesiastical court hears Henry's requests for an annulment

Henry VIII22 June 1527

London · House / House of Tudor

Henry informs Catherine they must separate & he has asked the Pope for an annulment

Henry VIII22 1527

London · House / House of Tudor

Henry informs Catherine they must separate & he has asked the Pope for an annulment. The Pope is under arrest by Catherine's uncle Charles V & does not grant an annulment

Henry VIII1527

London · House / House of Tudor

Spring, has 1st doubts about his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Beginning of "the King's Great Matter"

1528

Mary2 April 1528

House / House of Tudor

Mary Tudor marries Henry Stewart, 1st Lord Methven, her 3rd marriage

Henry VIII29 September 1528

House / House of Tudor

Cardinal Campeggio is sent by the Pope to hear Henry's case for annulment

Anne Boleyn1528

House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII asks the Pope for a dispensation for him to marry Anne Boleyn

Henry VIII1528

House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII asks the Pope for a dispensation for him to marry Anne Boleyn

1529

Catherine of Aragon18 June 1529

London · House / House of Tudor

Swears Arthur had not consummated their marriage & was a virgin when she married Henry. Appears at the divorce tribunal

Catherine of Aragon20 June 1529

London · House / House of Tudor

Tells the tribunal it cannot preside over the divorce, it should be heard by the Pope

Henry VIII21 June 1529

Blackfriars · House / House of Tudor

Henry claims he would Catherine back if the marriage was valid. Catherine pleads with Henry in public at the Parliament Chamber at Blackfriars

Henry VIII23 July 1529

London · House / House of Tudor

Attends the divorce tribunal on final day but papal legates refer the divorce to Rome

Henry VIII1529

London · House / House of Tudor

Pope Clement VII is a prisoner of Catherine's nephew Emperor Charles. Despite a hearing presided over by Wolsey & Campeggio the Pope denies the annulment

1530

Henry VIII1530

Hampton Court · House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII summons a Great Council to Hampton Court to request a divorce but is refused

Henry VIII1530

London · House / House of Tudor

Informs Julius II, approval to marry his brothers widow was against natural law. Cranmer & Foxe draft the "Collectanea" justifying Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine

1531

Catherine of Aragon14 July 1531

House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII separates from Catherine & banishes her from court

Henry VIII14 July 1531

House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII separates from Catherine & banishes her from court

1532

Henry VIIIOctober 1532

Calais · House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII meets Francis I at Calais and seeks French support for his intended marriage to Anne Boleyn.

Henry VIIINovember 1532

Dover · House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn go through a private marriage ceremony after returning from Calais.

1533

Anne Boleyn25 January 1533

London · House / House of Tudor

Marries Henry VIII, secret wedding while pregnant with the future Elizabeth I

Henry VIII25 January 1533

London · House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn in a secret ceremony while his marriage to Catherine of Aragon is still disputed.

Henry VIII25 January 1533

London · House / House of Tudor

Marries Anne Boleyn in secret

Catherine of Aragon23 May 1533

House / House of Tudor

Cranmer declares Henrys marriage to Catherine null & void

Henry VIII23 May 1533

House / House of Tudor

Cranmer declares Henry's marriage to Catherine null & void

Anne Boleyn28 May 1533

London · House / House of Tudor

The marriage between Anne & Henry is declared valid by Parliament & the Church

Henry VIII28 May 1533

Lambeth · House / House of Tudor

Cranmer declares Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn valid.

Henry Fitzroy RichmondNovember 1533

London · House / House of Tudor

Marries Mary Howard, the marriage is never consummated

1534

Henry VIII23 March 1534

London · House / House of Tudor

The Pope declares that Henry's marriage to Catherine is valid

Catherine of Aragon1534

London · House / House of Tudor

An Act of Parliament is passed making the marriage to Henry VIII "utterly dissolved"

1535

Henry VIII1535

London · House / House of Tudor

Anne Boleyn remains queen while opposition to the royal marriage and succession settlement is punished.

1536

Anne Boleyn1 May 1536

London · House / House of Tudor

Cranmer declares Annes marriage void due to Henrys affair with her sister Mary

Anne Boleyn17 May 1536

London · House / House of Tudor

Divorced from Henry VIII

Henry VIII17 May 1536

London · House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn is declared invalid before her execution.

Henry VIII20 May 1536

London · House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII is betrothed to Jane Seymour

Jane Seymour20 May 1536

London · House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII is betrothed to Jane Seymour

Henry VIII30 May 1536

York Place · House / House of Tudor

Marries Jane Seymour, at York Place

Jane Seymour30 May 1536

London · House / House of Tudor

Marries Henry VIII, his 3rd wife, the same month Anne Boleyn is executed

Henry VIII1536

House / House of Tudor

Offers to marry Madeleine the daughter of Francis I but is refused

Henry VIII1536

London · House / House of Tudor

Parliament approves the marriage to Anne Boleyn & the break with Rome

1539

Henry VIII4 October 1539

House / House of Tudor

Cromwell oversees the talks and a marriage Treaty to Anne of Cleves is signed

Thomas Cromwell Essex, 1st29 December 1539

Dover · House / House of Tudor

A Parliamentary committee is established to examine doctrine and the Duke of Norfolk presents six questions for the House to consider, which pass as the Act of Six Articles reaffirming a traditional view of the Mass, the Sacraments and the priesthood

Anne of Cleves31 December 1539

Rochester · House / House of Tudor

Anne of Cleves arrives in Rochester

Henry VIII31 December 1539

Rochester · House / House of Tudor

Anne of Cleves arrives in Rochester

1540

Anne of Cleves1 January 1540

Rochester · House / House of Tudor

Meets Henry VIII for the first time

Henry VIII1 January 1540

Rochester · House / House of Tudor

Meets Anne of Cleves for the 1st time. Feels he has been tricked by Cromwell into marrying Anne of Cleves

Anne of Cleves6 January 1540

Greenwich · House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII & Anne of Cleves are married at the royal Palace of Placentia in Greenwich, London by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer

Anne of Cleves6 January 1540

London · House / House of Tudor

Marries Henry VIII, his 4th wife. Henry calls her "the Flanders mare" & the marriage is never consumated. Arranged by Cromwell to seek an alliance with a foreign royal house

Henry VIII6 January 1540

House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, fourth wife of Henry VIII of England from 6 January 1540 to 9 July 1540

Henry VIII6 January 1540

London · House / House of Tudor

Marries Anne of Cleves, the daughter of the Duke of Cleves. Cromwell recommends an alliance with German Protestants against the Holy Roman Empire

Anne of Cleves9 January 1540

House / House of Tudor

Anulled because of Annes contract to the son of the Duke of Lorraine

Anne of Cleves9 January 1540

Hever Castle · House / House of Tudor

Receives a generous settlement, including Hever Castle, home of Henrys former in-laws, the Boleyns

Anne of Cleves9 January 1540

London · House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII annuls the marriage because it was without his consent

Anne of Cleves24 January 1540

London · House / House of Tudor

Anne was commanded to leave the court of Henry VIII

Henry VIII12 June 1540

London · House / House of Tudor

Anne of Cleves is ordered to leave court

Anne of Cleves29 June 1540

London · House / House of Tudor

Claims that her marriage to Henry VIII had been consumated. Annes betrothal to Lorraine & the non-consumation of the marriage are investigated. A formal trial into the marriage between Henry VIII & Anne of Cleves begins

Henry VIII29 June 1540

London · House / House of Tudor

Anne's betrothal to Lorraine & the non-consummation of the marriage are investigated. A formal trial into the marriage between Henry VIII & Anne of Cleves begins

Anne of Cleves6 July 1540

London · House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII asks for Anne of Cleves formal consent for the trial of their marriage

Henry VIII6 July 1540

London · House / House of Tudor

Henry VIII seeks Anne of Cleves's formal consent for an inquiry into the validity of their marriage.

Anne of Cleves8 July 1540

London · House / House of Tudor

The Church marriage tribunal finds Henry VIIIs marriage to Anne of Cleves is invalid. Sends a message to Henry VIII saying that only God can part them

Henry VIII8 July 1540

London · House / House of Tudor

The Church marriage tribunal finds Henry VIII's marriage to Anne of Cleves invalid

Anne of Cleves9 July 1540

London · House / House of Tudor

Court decrees that Anne is not Queen & will be known as the sister of the King

Anne of Cleves9 July 1540

London · House / House of Tudor

The marriage between Henry VIII & Anne of Cleves is anulled on the grounds that it had never been consummated, Henry claimed that he had found his bride so unattractive that he could not bear to sleep with her

Henry VIII9 July 1540

London · House / House of Tudor

Henry's marriage to Anne of Cleves is annulled after six moninth of marriage. Court decrees that Anne is not Queen & will be known as the sister of the King

Henry VIII9 July 1540

London · House / House of Tudor

The marriage between Henry VIII & Anne of Cleves is annulled on the grounds that it had never been consummated, Henry claimed that he had found his bride so unattractive that he could not bear to sleep with her

Henry VIII28 July 1540

Oatlands · House / House of Tudor

Marries Catherine Howard, 5th wife

Howard28 July 1540

Oatlands · House / House of Tudor

Marries Henry VIII, Henry VIIIs 5th wife

Thomas Cromwell Essex, 1st1540

London · House / House of Tudor

Henrys marriage to Anne of Cleves is used to protect England from France & Spain. Arranges for the selection of Anne of Cleves as Henrys new wife

Hans Holbein1540

House / House of Tudor

Henrys court painter paints the image which Henry first sees of Anne of Cleves

1543

Henry VIII12 July 1543

London · House / House of Tudor

Marries Catherine Parr, 6th wife, widow of Lord Latimer

Parr12 July 1543

London · House / House of Tudor

Marries Henry VIII, his 6th wife, she is the widow of Lord Latimer

1547

Parr3 March 1547

House / House of Tudor

Catherine Parr & Thomas Seymour are betrothed

ParrMay 1547

London · House / House of Tudor

Marries Thomas Seymour

1553

Mary I16 November 1553

House / House of Tudor

A Parliamentary delegation had waited upon Queen Mary, and formally requested that she choose an English husband, the obvious though tacit candidate being her kinsman Edward Courtenay, recently created Earl of Devon

1554

Mary I20 July 1554

House / House of Tudor

Philip of Spain lands in England

Mary I25 July 1554

London · House / House of Tudor

The marriage causes 3 insurrections. Parliament forbids Philips coronation even though he is co-ruler

Mary I25 July 1554

Winchester · House / House of Tudor

Marries her Spanish cousin the future Philip II of Spain, in Winchester cathedral

1556

Mary INovember 1556

House / House of Tudor

Elizabeth is summoned to court by Mary to marry Emmanuel Philibert

Elizabeth INovember 1556

House / House of Tudor

Elizabeth is summoned to court by Mary to marry Emmanuel Philibert

Mary I3 December 1556

House / House of Tudor

Mary sends Elizabeth back to Hatfield after she refuses to marry Emmanuel Philibert

Elizabeth I3 December 1556

House / House of Tudor

Mary sends Elizabeth back to Hatfield after she refuses to marry Emmanuel Philibert

Thomas Pope1556

London · House / House of Tudor

Mary I asks Princess Elizabeth to marry the Duke of Savoy but she refuses

1557

Elizabeth IMarch 1557

House / House of Tudor

Philip II visits England to arrange marriage between Elizabeth I & Emmanuel Philibert

1559

Elizabeth I10 February 1559

London · House / House of Tudor

Parliament addresses Elizabeth & urges her to marry

1564

Elizabeth I29 July 1564

Holyrood · House / House of Tudor

Darnley is great grandson of Margaret Tudor & grandson of Henry VII

1565

Elizabeth IMay 1565

House / House of Tudor

Turns down the offer of marriage to Charles IX. Elizabeth I negotiates marriage to the Duke of Anjou, younger brother of Charles IX. Elizabeth I enters negotiations with Archduke Charles through his envoy, Zwetkovich

Francis WalsinghamMay 1565

Paris · House / House of Tudor

Negotiates possible marriage between Elizabeth I & Anjou, younger brother of Charles

Elizabeth I29 July 1565

House / House of Tudor

Mary Queen of Scots marries Earl Darnley in defiance of Elizabeth I

1572

Elizabeth IMay 1572

House / House of Tudor

Courted the Duke of Alencon, younger son of Charles IX of France

Elizabeth I1572

House / House of Tudor

Courted the Duke of Alencon, younger son of Charles IX of France. The massacre of Huguenots ends chances of Elizabeth's marriage to a French Prince. Courted by the Duke of Alencons envoy, La Mole

Elizabeth I1572

Calais · House / House of Tudor

Wishes to have Calais returned to England if she is to marry the Duke of Alencon

1574

Elizabeth ISeptember 1574

House / House of Tudor

The Duke of Alencon is arrested in France for plotting against his brother Charles IX

Elizabeth I1574

House / House of Tudor

The Duke of Alencon is arrested in France for plotting against his brother Charles IX. Courted by the Duke of Alencon after his brother Anjou succeeds in France as Henry III

1576

Elizabeth I1576

House / House of Tudor

Elizabeth I turns down Parliaments appeals for her to marry

1579

Elizabeth I1579

House / House of Tudor

Alencon arrives in England to woo Elizabeth I to help invade The Netherlands

John Stubbs1579

House / House of Tudor

Writes a pamplet saying that Elizabeth cannot marry Alencon, a Catholic & Frenchman

1581

Elizabeth IOctober 1581

House / House of Tudor

Alencon arrives in England after Elizabeth has a marriage contract drawn up

Elizabeth I22 November 1581

House / House of Tudor

Elizabeth I publicy announces "the Duke of Alencon shall be my husband"

Elizabeth IDecember 1581

House / House of Tudor

Lends the Duke of Alencon 60,000 pounds to assist him in The Netherlands

Names involved

Anne BoleynAnne of ClevesArthurArthur of WalesCatherine of AragonEdmund Tudor Richmond, 13thElizabeth IElizabeth of YorkFrancis WalsinghamHans HolbeinHenry Fitzroy RichmondHenry VIIHenry VIIIHowardJane SeymourJohn StubbsMargaretMargaret Beaufort RichmondMaryMary IOwen TudorParrThomas Cromwell Essex, 1stThomas PopeThomas WolseyTudor

Provenance

This factsheet is generated from stored World History Database records matching the country, broad category, detailed category and exact Event value shown above. Duplicate display records are collapsed; database wording is otherwise preserved. Source provenance varies by record, so formal academic citation should be checked against the relevant primary source, archive or specialist historical reference.