Treaty of Westphalia

Alsace · Warfare / Thirty Years War

France receives Habsburg rights in Alsace under the Treaty of Westphalia.

Lorraine · Warfare / Thirty Years War

France confirms the Three Bishoprics while Lorraine remains a contested frontier region.

Westphalia · Warfare / Thirty Years War

France and Sweden guarantee the peace while France gains rights in Alsace.

Munster · Warfare / Thirty Years War

Represents French interests during the negotiations at Munster.

Alsace · Warfare / Thirty Years War

France receives important Habsburg rights and influence in Alsace.

Breisach · Warfare / Thirty Years War

France gains control of Breisach and strengthens its Rhine frontier.

Metz · Warfare / Thirty Years War

French possession of Metz is confirmed in the settlement.

Philippsburg · Warfare / Thirty Years War

France receives garrison rights at Philippsburg on the Rhine.

Toul · Warfare / Thirty Years War

French possession of Toul is confirmed under the peace terms.

Verdun · Warfare / Thirty Years War

French possession of Verdun is confirmed as part of the Three Bishoprics.

Westphalia · Warfare / Thirty Years War

France emerges from the settlement with increased influence on the Rhine.

France · Warfare / Thirty Years War

Mazarin continues the separate Franco Spanish war after the German peace.

Westphalia · Warfare / Thirty Years War

Mazarin presents the peace as a favourable settlement for France and a justification for stronger royal authority.

Westphalia · Warfare / Thirty Years War

Mazarin secures French gains while continuing war against Spain.

Munster · Warfare / Thirty Years War

Helps negotiate French terms in the Westphalian peace congress.

Munster · Warfare / Thirty Years War

Works for French recognition of territorial gains in Alsace.