Germany · Government / Reich, 2nd. Chronological records rendered directly from the World History Database.
The Kanzelparagraph remains in force until 1953, several religious orders like the Jesuits remained banned from the German Empire, confiscated properties were not returned, discrimination against the Catholic minority continued in Civil Service
Religious schools are forced to undergo official Government inspection and in June religious teachers are banned from Government schools
Under the May Laws administered by Adalbert Falk, the state begins to monitor the education of clergy closely, creates a secular court for cases involving the clergy, and requires notification of all clergy employment. The Jesuits are banned (and remained banned in Germany until 1917)
Religious schools are forced to undergo official Government inspection and religious teachers are banned from Government schools
The German Government breaks off diplomatic relations with the Vatican
Religious schools are forced to undergo official Government inspection and in June religious teachers are banned from Government schools. The Jesuits are banned (and remained banned in Germany until 1917) and in December the German Government broke off diplomatic relations with the Vatican.
The German Government breaks off diplomatic relations with the Vatican. Religious schools are forced to undergo official Government inspection and religious teachers are banned from Government schools.
The estate of the Church was confiscated, monastic orders dissolved, and the paragraphs of the Prussian constitution assuring the freedom of the Catholics is removed
Under the May Laws administered by Adalbert Falk, the state begins to monitor the education of clergy closely, creates a secular court for cases involving the clergy, and requires notification of all clergy employment. The Jesuits are banned (and remained banned in Germany until 1917).
After the Falk Laws (May Laws) had been passed, the Prussian authorities start to close down most of schools teaching the Polish language.
Minister Falk orders all classes of religion to be held in German by the spring of the following year
The estate of the Church was confiscated, monastic orders dissolved, and the paragraphs of the Prussian constitution assuring the freedom of the Catholics is removed.
The wave of protests on the side of Polish Catholics and the clergy is pacified when the Catholic Seminaries of Posen and Gniezno are closed down, and the state takes up the supervision of education.
Under the May Laws administered by Adalbert Falk, the state begins to monitor the education of clergy closely, creates a secular court for cases involving the clergy, and requires notification of all clergy employment.
To characterize Bismarck's politics toward the Catholic Church, the pathologist and member of the Parliament of the Deutsche Fortschrittspartei (Progressive Liberals) Rudolf Virchow uses the term Kulturkampf the first time
Under the May Laws of 1873 administered by Adalbert Falk, the state began to supervise the education of clergy closely, created a secular court for cases involving the clergy, and required notification of all clergy employment
Two archbishops are in prison & 1300 parishes do not have a priest. The term "Kulurkampf" is 1st used to describe Bismarks crusade against the Catholics. Tensions were also increased by the 1870 Vatican Council proclamation on papal infallibility. Bismarck sees the addition of the southern German states (especially Catholic Bavaria) as a possible threat to the Empires stability
Eduard Kullmann attempts to assassinate Bismarck with a pistol, but only hits his hand, Kullmann names the church laws as the reason why he had to shoot Bismarck
Eduard Kullmann attempts to assassinate Bismarck with a pistol, but only hits his hand, Kullmann names the church laws as the reason why he had to shoot Bismarck
Bismarck's attempts to restrict the power of the Catholic Church, represented in politics by the Catholic Centre Party, were not successful, in the 1874 elections, these forces double their representation in the Parliament. Bismarck even blames the poisoning of a popular lion from Berlin Zoological Gardens on Catholic conspirators
The Congregations Law of 1875 abolishes religious orders, stops state subsidies to the Catholic Church, and removes religious protections from the Prussian constitution
The Congregations Law of 1875 abolishes religious orders, stops state subsidies to the Catholic Church, and removes religious protections from the Prussian constitution. The 1871 Kanzelparagraph introduced a series of sanctions against Catholicism imposed by Bismarck throughout 1875. Marriage becomes a mandatory civil ceremony, removed from the control of the Church
Moderates his struggle with the Catholic Church and in the wake of Pius IXs death on February 7, 1878, reconciled with the new Pope, Leo XIII, lifting some sanctions
The struggle against socialism unites Bismarck with the Catholic Centre Party, bringing an end to the Kulturkampf, which had led to far greater Catholic unrest than existed beforehand and had strengthened rather than weakened Catholicism. Abandons the National Liberals in favour of the Conservatives after the Kulturkampf
Pius dies & is replaced by the conciliatory Leo X. Falk is dismissed & most anti-Catholic laws are dismantled
Pope Pius dies & is replaced by the more conciliatory Leo X. Falk is dismissed & most anti-Catholic laws dismantled
This factsheet is generated from stored World History Database records matching the country, broad category, detailed category and exact Event value shown above. Duplicate display records are collapsed; database wording is otherwise preserved. Source provenance varies by record, so formal academic citation should be checked against the relevant primary source, archive or specialist historical reference.