Netherlands · Sport / Cycling. Chronological records rendered directly from the World History Database.
In response to calls from the International Olympic Committee and the World Anti-Doping Agency ("WADA") for an independent investigation, UCI appoints Dutch lawyer Emile Vrijman to conduct an independent investigation of the handling of urine tests.
Vrijmans report "clears" Lance Armstrong because of improper handling and testing, the report says that tests on urine samples were conducted improperly and fell so short of scientific standards that it was "completely irresponsible".
This factsheet is generated from stored World History Database records matching the country, broad category, detailed category and exact Event value shown above. Duplicate display records are collapsed; database wording is otherwise preserved. Source provenance varies by record, so formal academic citation should be checked against the relevant primary source, archive or specialist historical reference.