July Days

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

His April Theses help shape slogans later used during the July Days.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Criticises the Provisional Government as war weariness intensifies.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Supports caution as unrest grows among soldiers and workers.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Faces a coalition crisis before the July Days demonstrations begin.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Warns radicals that an isolated uprising would be dangerous.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Works with Lenin and Kamenev as Bolsheviks debate tactics.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Encourages soldiers and workers to take immediate action.

Moscow · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Supports Bolshevik agitation as unrest spreads beyond Petrograd.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Is targeted by angry demonstrators demanding Soviet power.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Refuses to let the Soviet endorse premature insurrection.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Seeks to keep the Petrograd Soviet from endorsing armed revolt.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Chkheidze attempts to prevent the Soviet from supporting armed revolt.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Encourages radical workers and soldiers demanding Soviet power.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Works with military activists as unrest spreads among soldiers.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Speaks to radical crowds during the unrest.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Works in the Military Organisation as soldiers press for action.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Helps direct the Bolshevik Military Organisation before the demonstrations.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

The Military Organisation helps mobilise armed demonstrators.

Kronstadt · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Helps mobilise Kronstadt sailors for the Petrograd demonstrations.

Kronstadt · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Agitates among sailors preparing to move on Petrograd.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Helps manage Bolshevik press and party activity during the crisis.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Supports party organisation as the demonstrations develop.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Argues that the Soviet should resist pressure to seize power.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Is rescued from hostile sailors by Trotsky.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Is confronted by angry demonstrators at the Tauride Palace.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Presides as the Soviet refuses to take power.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Calls for restraint inside the Bolshevik leadership.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Addresses crowds demanding that the Soviet take power.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Tries to assess whether the movement is premature.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Speaks to workers and soldiers during the crisis.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Maintains contact with armed soldier units.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Helps coordinate demonstrators moving through Petrograd.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Leads Kronstadt sailors into Petrograd.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Acts among the radical sailors during the demonstrations.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Works to keep party communications functioning during the unrest.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Helps maintain party discipline during the street actions.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Intervenes to protect Chernov from enraged demonstrators.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Protects Chernov from hostile sailors during the crisis.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Urges demonstrators not to provoke isolated confrontation.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Supports bringing loyal troops to restore order.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Supports bringing loyal troops into the capital.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Supports attempts to prevent an uncontrolled armed uprising.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Supports the Soviet line against armed demonstrations.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Backs restoration of order under Soviet authority.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Faces accusations that Bolsheviks are serving German interests.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

The failed demonstrations force Bolshevik leaders onto the defensive.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Kadet pressure contributes to the government crisis around the July Days.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Faces government accusations against Bolshevik military activists.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Comes under pressure as the Military Organisation is blamed for the unrest.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Kronstadt sailors are blamed for armed pressure on the Soviet.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Defends the movement while opposing reckless confrontation.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Supports punitive measures against armed demonstrators.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Is exposed to arrest as the government moves against Bolsheviks.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Avoids arrest as attacks on Bolshevik offices intensify.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Is among Bolshevik figures threatened by repression.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Helps arrange Lenin's movement to safety.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Works to preserve the party organisation after the crackdown.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Remains in Petrograd as arrests of Bolsheviks begin.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Goes into hiding with Lenin after government pressure increases.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Faces arrest as government repression continues.

Razliv · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Hides near Razliv after the government issues arrest orders.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Helps decide that Lenin should not surrender to the authorities.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Condemns slanders against Lenin and the Bolsheviks.

Razliv · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Hides with Lenin near Razliv after the crackdown.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Continues supporting the coalition against Bolshevik pressure.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Presides over a Soviet shaken by the armed demonstrations.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Defends the Soviet majority's support for the government.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Faces political danger as the Bolshevik press is suppressed.

Finland · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Prepares to flee toward Finland while avoiding arrest.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Comes under suspicion for the role of Kronstadt sailors.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Faces repression after the sailors' role in the demonstrations.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Helps rebuild party communications after arrests and raids.

Finland · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Escapes Petrograd with Lenin after the crackdown.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Is arrested as part of the post-July repression.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Is arrested after the government moves against Bolshevik leaders.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Challenges the accusation that Bolshevik leaders are German agents.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Supports continued coalition rule after the street crisis.

Finland · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Remains underground as the Bolshevik Party retreats tactically.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Takes part in efforts to keep the Bolshevik organisation intact.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Helps stabilise party structures during the reaction.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Argues that Bolshevik influence must be checked.

Finland · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Stays hidden after the failure of the demonstrations.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Bolshevik military networks are disrupted by government pressure.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

The Military Organisation is forced onto the defensive after the crackdown.

Kronstadt · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Kronstadt radicalism is blamed for the armed character of the protests.

Kronstadt · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Sailor activists face intensified scrutiny after the demonstrations.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Left Socialist Revolutionaries watch the crisis reshape revolutionary politics.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Is increasingly targeted by the authorities after defending Lenin.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Machine-gunners and radical activists prepare demonstrations demanding Soviet power.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Demonstrations begin among soldiers of the First Machine-Gun Regiment.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

The July Days begin as soldiers and workers protest against the Provisional Government.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Workers and soldiers demand Soviet power as disorder spreads through Petrograd.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Workers and soldiers demand Soviet power as Trotsky supports restraint.

Moscow · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Anti-government demonstrations also spread beyond Petrograd to Moscow and other cities.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Bolsheviks try to give the mass movement a more organised and peaceful direction.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Government troops fire on demonstrators and the Soviet supports punitive measures.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

The Bolshevik Military Organisation helps organise the armed demonstration.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

The Central Committee tries to restrain the developing street movement.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Workers and soldiers march under the slogan All Power to the Soviets.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Bolshevik leaders reverse course and support the mass demonstrations.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Trotsky argues that street protests should remain peaceful and disciplined.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

Trotsky supports Central Committee efforts to restrain the movement.

Petrograd · Revolution / Revolution of Russia

An arrest order forces Lenin underground after Bolshevik offices are attacked.