Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela16 December 1961
Umkhonto we Sizwe publicly announces its existence.
South Africa · Politics / ANC. Chronological records rendered directly from the World History Database.
Umkhonto we Sizwe publicly announces its existence.
This factsheet is generated from stored World History Database records matching the country, broad category, detailed category and exact Event value shown above. Duplicate display records are collapsed; database wording is otherwise preserved. Source provenance varies by record, so formal academic citation should be checked against the relevant primary source, archive or specialist historical reference.