Mahmud II1827
After the Battle of Navarino proclaims jihad (holy war) against the European powers in his claimed role as khalifa (caliph, or spiritual leader) of all Muslims
Turkey · Religion / Islam. Chronological records rendered directly from the World History Database.
After the Battle of Navarino proclaims jihad (holy war) against the European powers in his claimed role as khalifa (caliph, or spiritual leader) of all Muslims
This factsheet is generated from stored World History Database records matching the country, broad category, detailed category and exact Event value shown above. Duplicate display records are collapsed; database wording is otherwise preserved. Source provenance varies by record, so formal academic citation should be checked against the relevant primary source, archive or specialist historical reference.