Copenhagen in History

Founds the city of Copenhagen

Succeeds as King of Denmark

The Cologne Confederation attacks Danish royal positions

Makes Copenhagen the permanent Royal residence

Succeeds as King of Denmark

Frederick II succeeds Christian III as King of Denmark and Norway

Frederick II begins war against Sweden over Baltic rivalry

Publishes Astronomia Danica using observations made with Tycho Brahe.

Presents a detailed Danish account of planetary theory and astronomical calculation.

Appointed Stadholder of Norway

Elected king after the death of Christian IV.

Begins reign as the Westphalian settlement changes north German politics.

Begins ruling Denmark as the Westphalian settlement alters north German politics.

Declares war on Sweden during the Northern Wars.

Helps defend Copenhagen against Swedish assault.

Uses political crisis to establish hereditary absolute monarchy.

Receives formal recognition of hereditary sovereignty.

Danish policy shapes the outcome when English ships attack a Dutch convoy at Bergen.

Publishes observations of double refraction in Iceland spar.

Shows that one crystal can split a light ray into two paths.

Aligns Danish civil dating more closely with most of western Europe.

Helps introduce the Gregorian calendar in Denmark-Norway.

Re-enters the war against Sweden after the Swedish defeat at Poltava.

Succeeds as King of Denmark

Observes an electric current deflecting a nearby compass needle.

Establishes an experimental connection between electricity and magnetism.

Produces aluminium by reducing aluminium chloride with potassium amalgam.

Obtains an early metallic form of the newly investigated element.

Introduces a story about sacrifice, transformation and an immortal soul.

Satirizes vanity and conformity through a ruler deceived by false weavers.

Publishes The Emperors New Clothes alongside The Little Mermaid.

Publishes The Little Mermaid in a new childrens fairy-tale booklet.

Explores artistic ambition, social limitation and disappointed love.

Publishes the novel Only a Fiddler in Copenhagen.

Presents experiments supporting conservation of energy in physical processes.

Argues that natural forces transform without being destroyed.

1st Prime Minister of Danish Parliamentary Government

Begins the Moltke Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Develops quantitative thermochemistry through extensive calorimetric measurements.

Begins systematic studies of heat released and absorbed in reactions.

The Moltke Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the First Bluhme Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The First Bluhme Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Ørsted Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Bang Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The Ørsted Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Bang Council Presidency in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The Bang Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Andræ Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The Bang Council Presidency ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

The Andræ Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the First Hall Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The First Hall Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Rotwitt Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Blixen-Finecke Acting Government in Copenhagen and serves as Acting Council President of Denmark.

The Rotwitt Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

The Blixen-Finecke Acting Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Acting Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Second Hall Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The Second Hall Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Monrad Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The Monrad Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Second Bluhme Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The Second Bluhme Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Frijs Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

Marries Alexander III

The Frijs Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Holstein-Holsteinborg Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

Denmark joins Sweden in establishing a shared gold-based krone currency system.

The Holstein-Holsteinborg Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Fonnesbech Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The Fonnesbech Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Estrup Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

Improves fermentation reliability by replacing mixed yeast cultures.

Publishes a method for determining nitrogen in organic substances.

Creates a laboratory technique widely used in food and agricultural analysis.

Develops a method for cultivating pure strains of brewing yeast.

August Strindbergs "Hemsoborna" premiered in Copenhagen

Develops phototherapy for a destructive form of skin tuberculosis.

Begins treating lupus vulgaris with concentrated light.

The Estrup Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Reedtz-Thott Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

Establishes an institute specializing in therapeutic uses of light.

Creates a clinical centre for systematic phototherapy research and treatment.

The Reedtz-Thott Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Hørring Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The Hørring Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Sehested Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Deuntzer Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The Sehested Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Distinguishes stars of similar temperature but greatly different luminosity.

Introduces the important division between giant and dwarf stars.

Begins the Christensen Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The Deuntzer Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

The Christensen Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the First Neergaard Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

Creates a logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentration.

Introduces the pH scale for expressing acidity and alkalinity.

The First Neergaard Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Holstein-Ledreborg Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The Holstein-Ledreborg Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the First Zahle Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Berntsen Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The First Zahle Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Publishes an atomic model with electrons occupying discrete energy states.

Explains the hydrogen spectrum through quantum transitions between stationary orbits.

The Berntsen Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Second Zahle Council Presidency in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The Second Zahle Council Presidency ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the Second Zahle Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The Second Zahle Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Liebe Caretaker Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The Liebe Caretaker Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Friis Caretaker Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The Friis Caretaker Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Second Neergaard Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Creates an international centre for atomic and quantum research.

Opens the University of Copenhagen institute devoted to theoretical physics.

Defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors.

Supports formation of a laboratory combining insulin manufacture and physiological research.

Helps establish Danish production of insulin for diabetes treatment.

Establishes a broadly applicable model of acid-base reactions.

Provides a quantitative framework for general acid-base catalysis.

Relates acid and base strength to catalytic reaction rates.

The Second Neergaard Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the First Stauning Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The First Stauning Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Madsen-Mygdal Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Observes abnormal bleeding in chickens maintained on a restricted diet.

Begins investigations leading to identification of a fat-soluble coagulation factor.

The Madsen-Mygdal Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Second Stauning Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Names the newly identified coagulation factor vitamin K.

Shows that a dietary substance prevents prolonged bleeding.

Proposes that an incoming particle forms a temporary compound nucleus.

Provides a framework for explaining many nuclear reactions and resonance effects.

Defines the characteristic volume now known as a Stromgren sphere.

Models ionized hydrogen regions surrounding hot stars.

The Second Stauning Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the First Buhl Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The First Buhl Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Scavenius Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The Scavenius Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Second Buhl Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The Second Buhl Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Kristensen Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The Kristensen Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the First Hedtoft Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The First Hedtoft Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Eriksen Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Co-develops a model combining individual particles with collective nuclear motion.

Explains nuclear spectra through rotations and vibrations of deformed nuclei.

Denmark adopts a new constitution

The Eriksen Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Second Hedtoft Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The Second Hedtoft Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Hansen Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Creates photometric indices measuring stellar temperature, gravity and chemical composition.

Develops a four-colour system for precise stellar classification.

The Hansen Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Kampmann Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The Kampmann Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the First Krag Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Baunsgaard Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The First Krag Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The Baunsgaard Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Second Krag Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The Second Krag Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the First Jørgensen Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Heads Denmark when ratification of the accession treaty is formally notified.

Jorgensen heads Denmark on 1 January 1973, when the country's Community accession becomes legally effective.

The First Jørgensen Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Hartling Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The Hartling Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Second Jørgensen Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

The Second Jørgensen Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Schlüter Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Answers parliamentary scrutiny as Denmark prepares its position on economic and monetary union before the Maastricht summit.

Answers parliamentary questions on the government's approach to the European Community's developing union plans before Maastricht.

The Justice Ministry completes a constitutional review of Denmark's accession to the Maastricht Treaty and the transfer of powers involved.

Supports parliamentary approval of the treaty's economic and monetary provisions before the first Danish referendum.

Defends the government's foreign-policy case for ratifying the Maastricht Treaty during the parliamentary approval process.

Heads the government as the Folketing approves the Maastricht Treaty by 125 votes to 25 before the required referendum.

Faces the diplomatic consequences of Denmark's rejection while the other member states continue their ratification processes.

Supports the Danish demand for a special arrangement concerning participation in the third stage of economic and monetary union.

Uses Denmark in Europe as the negotiating basis for securing special arrangements from the other member states.

The government submits Denmark in Europe, identifying defence, monetary union, citizenship and justice issues requiring special arrangements.

Supports constitutional safeguards for Danish participation in future justice and home-affairs cooperation under the Maastricht framework.

Assumes responsibility for Denmark's economic policy during the negotiations seeking a Maastricht solution after Anders Fogh Rasmussen leaves government.

Becomes economic affairs minister as Denmark prepares to implement the monetary provisions of the Edinburgh settlement.

The Schlüter Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Becomes prime minister as Denmark prepares legislation and a second referendum on the Edinburgh settlement and Maastricht Treaty.

Becomes foreign minister and takes responsibility for completing Denmark's Maastricht ratification process.

Begins the Nyrup Rasmussen Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Introduces legislation for Denmark's accession to the Edinburgh decision and the Maastricht Treaty.

Introduces legislation amending Denmark's European Communities Act as part of the renewed Maastricht ratification package.

Introduces the bill providing for a referendum on Denmark's accession to the Edinburgh decision and Maastricht Treaty.

Receives public approval to complete Denmark's ratification of Maastricht under the Edinburgh arrangements.

Denmark's special Maastricht arrangements take effect as the Treaty on European Union enters into force.

Oversees Danish foreign policy as the Maastricht Treaty enters into force and the European Union is established.

The Treaty on European Union enters into force with Denmark participating under the arrangements secured at Edinburgh.

The Danish government notifies the Council that Denmark does not intend to participate in the third stage of economic and monetary union.

The Nyrup Rasmussen Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Creates a reliable molecular coupling reaction central to click chemistry.

Develops the copper-catalyzed reaction joining azides and alkynes efficiently.

Becomes Prime Minister of Denmark.

Denmark announces a national shutdown as COVID-19 spreads.

Announces Danish support for F-16 aircraft to Ukraine.