Northumbria in History

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Raedwald invades in support of the exiled heir to the throne of Deira, Edwin

Raedwald invades in support of the exiled heir to the throne of Deira, Edwin

Succeeds as King of Northumbria, 1st Christian King of Northumbria

Bernicia & Deira are united to form the Kingdom of Northumbria

Succeeds as King of Northumbria. Marks the beginning of Northumbrian supremacy, becomes the 5th "Bretwalda"

Bernicia & Deira are united to form the Kingdom of Northumbria

Edwin is converted to Christianity by Ethelburga, his wife

Edwin is converted to Christianity by Ethelburga, his wife

Marries Princess Ethelburga of Kent, daughter of Ethelbert & Bertha

Marries King Edwin of Northumbria, converts him to Christianity

Survives an assassination attempt by a West Saxon agent

Wages a war of revenge against the West Saxons

Death of Edwiin, killed in battle by Penda of Mercia & Cadwallon King of Gwynedd

Death of Cadwallon, kills Cadwallon in battle & restores the Northumbrian line

Returns from exile on Iona & founds the ministry at Lindesfarne under Aidan

Death of Cadwallon, kills Cadwallon in battle & restores the Northumbrian line

Wins control of Northumbria

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Oswald sends for a missionary from Lindesfarne, Aidan, to convert Northumbria

Oswald sends for a missionary from Lindesfarne, Aidan, to convert Northumbria

Birth of Aldfrith, illegitimate son of Oswy & the Irish princess Fina

Succeeds his half brother Oswald & becomes the 7th "Bretwalda". Succeeds as King of Bernicia

Canonized, miracles performed in Maserfelth are accepted as signs of Oswalds sanctity

After Pendas defeat of Oswald Northumbria is again divided into Deira & Bernicia

After Pendas defeat of Oswald Northumbria is again divided into Deira & Bernicia

Birth of Egfrith, son of Oswy

Taken hostage by Penda

Married to Ethelreda, daughter of Anna of East Anglia

Birth of Elfwine, youngest son of Oswy of Northumbria

Appointed Bishop of Northumbria

Decides in favor of the Roman teachings put forward by priest Wilfrid

Ends differences between Irish & Roman missionaries over the date of Easter

Ends differences between Irish & Roman missionaries over the date of Easter

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Death of Oswy, Mercia reasserts itself as a power

Birth of Bede

Wulfhere is defeated by Oswys son Ecgfrith

Wulfhere is defeated by Oswys son Ecgfrith. Invades Northumbria with an army drawn from southern England

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Birth of Osric, son of Aldfrith

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

King Osred is killed during a rebellion led by Cenred

King Osred is killed during a rebellion led by Cenred

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Helps Cenred sieze the throne of Northumbria against Osred

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Abdicates as King of Northumbria

Aethelbald savages Northumbria

Orders the execution of Eanwine, son of Eadwulf, who claimed the throne 30 yrs before

Successfully invades Northumbria

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Involved in the assassination of Oswulf

Elected King by "his own people", 2 weeks after the assassination of Oswulf

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Oswine raises an army against Athelwold

Marries Etheldreda

Forced to abdicate by a council of elders

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Deposed by Alhred who claims to be a descendant of Ida

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Marries Osgifu, daughter of Oswulf

Birth of Osred II, son of Alred

Deposed by a council after conflict with Athelbert, Archbishop of York

Goes into exile to the Pictish King Ciniod

Succeeds as the King of Nortumbria, 1st term

Driven out of his Kingdom by Elfwald, son of Oswulf

Succeeds as the King of Nortumbria, supported by Archbishop Athelbert of York

Athelbert of York retires, supporter of Elfwald who helped him gain the throne

Succeeds as the King of Nortumbria

Forced to abdicate by the nobles who elected him

Orders the assassination of Eardwulf but he escapes into exile

Goes into exile after being sentenced to death by Athelred

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Succeeds as the King of Nortumbria, 2nd term, following the expulsion of Osred II

Osred is recaled to the throne but is assassinated instead

Osred is recaled to the throne but is assassinated instead

Marries Elfleda, daughter of Offa of Mercia

Captured while trying to regain the throne

Executed for trying to regain the throne

Executed for trying to regain the throne

Assassinated by Ealdred, a supporter of Osbald

Assassinated by Ealdred, a supporter of Osbald

Succeeds as King of Northumbria, 1st term

Succeeds as King of Northumbria, succeeds Aethelred I after plotting his assassination

Forced to abdicate in favour of Eardwulf

Death of Aethelred I, assassinated

Death of Osbald

Eardwulf orders the execution of Alchmund who had been plotting with the Mercians

Eardwulf orders the execution of Alchmund who had been plotting with the Mercians

Forced to abdicate

Successfully deposes Eardwulf

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Succeeds as King of Northumbria, 2nd term, supported by Charlamagne & Pope Leo III

Succeeds as King of Northumbria, son of Eardwulf

Submits to the overlordship of Egbert of Wessex

Death of Egbert, end of a succesful 37 year reign

Eanred defends the Nothumbrian border from an invasion by the Dalriatan Scots

Succeeds as King of Northumbria, 1st term

Usurps the throne from Athelred II

Killed while repulsing a Viking invasion

Succeeds as King of Nortumbria, 2nd term

Succeeds as King of Northumbria, son of Eanred

Assassinated by supporters of Osbert

Death of Redwulf, assassinated by supporters of Osbert

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Aelle joins Osbert as co-ruler of Northumbria

Becomes sole ruler of Nortumbria after the abdication of Osbert

Aelle kills Ragnar Lodbrok in battle

The Vikings defeat the Northumbrian forces & kill 2 of their Kings

Following the loss of York, Osberht and Aella form an alliance against the Danes, they launch a counterattack, but the Danes kill both Osberht and Aella and set up a puppet king on Northumbrian throne

Succeeds as King of Northumbria, a Viking puppet ruler

The Vikings contain Ricsigs rebellion but he stays in power

Overthrown during a rebellion in Northumbria led by Ricsig. Forced into exile in Mercia

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Overthrown during a rebellion in Northumbria led by Ricsig

Overthrown during a rebellion in Northumbria led by Ricsig

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Athelstan moved against Guthfrith, who attempted to claim the Scandinavian kingdom of York.

Captures Northumbria, becomes the 1st King of all of England

Guthfrith was driven from Northumbria and sought support beyond Athelstan’s kingdom.

In less than a decade, the Kingdom of the English had become by far the greatest power in the British Isles, perhaps stretching as far north as the Firth of Forth. Captures Northumbria, becomes the 1st King of all of England

Athelstans empire, seemingly made safe by the victory of Brunanburh, collapsed in little more than a year from his death when Amlaib returned from Ireland and seized Northumbria and the Mercian Danelaw

Edmund expelled the rival Norse kings and restored English rule in Northumbria.

King Malcolm I of Scotland raids Northumbria

King Eadred expels Eric Bloodaxe from Northumbria

Rules Northumbria & Mercia, unites English & Danes as fellow subjects

Rules Northumbria & Mercia, unites English & Danes as fellow subjects

Succeeds as King of Northumbria & Mercia

Succeeds as King of Northumbria & Mercia

The Danes raid Northumbria

Created Earl of Northumbria after murdering his wifes uncle

Malcolm III, "son of the king of the Cumbrians" is restored to his throne, as ruler of Kingdom of Strathclyde

Created Earl of Northumbria by his brother-in-law Edward the Confessor

Malcolm III ceases to be Edward's client King & invades Northumbria

Malcolm III ceases to be Edward's client King & invades Northumbria

Malcolm III ceases to be Edward's client King & invades Northumbria

Created Earl of Northumbria from 1065 to 1066

Morcar is chosen to replace Tostig as Earl of Northumbria during the northern revolt.

The Northumbrian revolt challenges Tostig's rule and forces Edward to decide whether to restore his brother-in-law by force.

Morcar becomes the rebels' chosen earl after Northumbrians rise against Tostig's government.

The Northumbrians revolt against their Earl Tostig, who is replaced by Morcar and declared an outlaw

Rebellion breaks out after Tostig is created Earl of Northumbria

Morcar places authority beyond the Tyne in Oswulf's hands to secure support in northern Northumbria.

Morcar begins governing Northumbria after the royal settlement confirms his earldom.

Harold's negotiated settlement ends the immediate Northumbrian crisis without restoring Tostig.

Harold accepts that Tostig cannot be restored without civil war and supports a negotiated settlement.

Sent to mediate with the rebels by Edward but Tostig is exiled

Morcar returns north with his authority recognized after the settlement with Edward's government.

Morcar of Northumbria accepts Harold II while northern loyalty remains uncertain

Northumbria rebels against Williams victory at the Battle of Hastings

Sells the earldom of Northumbria to Gospatric of Bernicia

Edgar the Aetheling and members of his family flee to Scotland as William strengthens control in northern England.

Makes Robert de Commines Earl of Northumbria

William's forces destroy crops, livestock and settlements to prevent northern rebels and Danish forces from sustaining resistance.

Sends Robert Curthose to repel Malcolm III

William sends Odo of Bayeux north to suppress resistance following the death of Bishop Walcher.

The killing of Bishop Walcher triggers a northern crisis, prompting William to send forces under Odo of Bayeux.