York in History

Baptizes the King of Northumbria at York

Baptized at York by St Paulinus

Athelbald sets fire to York

Buried at York

Decides to establish a Danelaw around the Viking Kingdom of York

Decides to establish a Danelaw around the Viking Kingdom of York

Ivarr & Halfdan capture York, revenge for the death of their father Ragnar Lodbrok

The Vikings capture York

Aelle died alongside Osberht during the unsuccessful Northumbrian assault on York.

The chief city of Northumbria falls to the Viking "Great Army"

Osberht was killed while attempting to recover York from the Great Heathen Army.

Killed in battle trying to recapture York from the Vikings

Death of York, killed in battle trying to recapture York from the Vikings

The chief city of Northumbria falls to the Viking "Great Army"

Killed in battle trying to recapture York from the Vikings. Following the loss of York, Osberht and Aella form an alliance against the Danes, they launch a counterattack, but the Danes kill both Osberht and Aella and set up a puppet king on Northumbrian throne

Killed in battle trying to recapture York from the Vikings

Death of Aelle, killed in battle trying to recapture York from the Vikings

Following the loss of York, Osberht and Aella form an alliance against the Danes, they launch a counterattack, but the Danes kill both Osberht and Aella and set up a puppet king on Northumbrian throne

Killed in battle trying to recapture York from the Vikings. Following the loss of York, Osberht and Aella form an alliance against the Danes, they launch a counterattack, but the Danes kill both Osberht and Aella and set up a puppet king on Northumbrian throne

The Vikings defeat a Nortumbrian army, 2 Northumbrian King's are killed. Following the loss of York, Osberht and Aella form an alliance against the Danes, they launch a counterattack, but the Danes kill both Osberht and Aella and set up a puppet king on Northumbrian throne

King Aethelred dies and Alfred succeeds him as King of Wessex, however, his army is weak and he is forced to pay tribute to Ivar in order to make peace with the Danes

The people of York offered allegiance to Aethelflaed shortly before her death.

Athelstan seized York and ended the independent Scandinavian kingship there.

Recaptures York

Sihtric died, allowing Athelstan to intervene directly in the Northumbrian succession.

York is razed to the ground. Guthfrith is captured & the Norse Kingdom of York collapses

York is razed to the ground

Re-captures York from the Danes

King Edmund takes York from the Vikings

Wulfstan I, Archbishop of York invites the Viking leader Eric Bloodaxe to become King of York

Wulfstan I, Archbishop of York invites the Viking leader Eric Bloodaxe to become King of York

Olaf Sihtricsson returns as King of York

Eadred secured York after the final expulsion of Erik Bloodaxe.

Appointed Archbishop of York

Northumbrian rebels occupy York, kill several of Tostig's officials and supporters, and summon Morcar to take the earldom.

The thegns of Yorkshire and the rest of Yorkshire descend on York and occupied the city, they killed Tostigs officials and supporters, then declared Tostig outlawed for his unlawful actions and sent for Morcar, younger brother of Edwin, Earl of Mercia

Rebels attack Tostig's household in York and destroy the local machinery of his rule.

Northumbrian rebels choose Morcar to replace Tostig as their earl.

Northumbrian rebels kill members of Tostig's household and officials during the seizure of York.

Morcar leads the rebel host south after his election as earl.

Tostig loses effective control of Northumbria when the rebels choose Morcar in his place.

Morcar receives the support of the Northumbrian thegns after Tostig is rejected.

Northumbrian thegns rise against Tostig's government while he is away from York.

The Northumbrian assembly outlaws Tostig and rejects his authority as earl.

The rebels seize Tostig's treasure, weapons and property after taking control of York.

200 senior thegns choose Morcar to become their new leader

Northumbrian leaders reject Tostig and choose Morcar to replace him as earl.

Morcar consolidates his new authority in York after the royal government recognizes his election.

Death of Morcar, killed during the siege of York

Harold II receives news that William has landed in the south

York passes under the control of the victors after the northern earls are defeated at Fulford.

Tostig & Harald Hardrada defeat Morcar who had replaced Tostig as Earl of Northumbria

York submits after the defeat of the northern earls at Fulford

Tostig participates in the pressure on York after the allied victory over Edwin and Morcar at Fulford.

Forced to disband his army & order his fleet back to London

Edwin survives the defeat at Fulford and withdraws as the Norwegian victory places York under immediate pressure.

Morcar survives the defeat at Fulford as York faces the consequences of the Norwegian victory.

Tostig & Hardrada defeat Morcar & capture York

Tostig & Hardrada defeat Morcar & capture York

Harold II restores English control in York after the Norwegian defeat

Harold emerges from the northern campaign with the principal Norwegian claimant dead and the invasion decisively defeated.

Harold II gathers forces after learning of the Norman landing

Harold receives news that William has landed in Sussex only days after the victory at Stamford Bridge.

Hears news of the Norman landing while at a banquet in York

William establishes a castle at York to impose royal authority over the strategically important northern city.

Orders the construction of a castle in York

The Normans recapture York & Edgar takes up exile in the Court of Malcolm III. Edgar helps Sweyn capture York, assisted by a Danish fleet under Osbern

Recaptures York & uses it as a centre for a winter campaign to establish his rule. King Edgar of Scotland is forced back across the border. Routes hundreds of rebels in York, handed over for plunder by his troops

William reinforces York by establishing a second castle after repeated resistance in the city.

Late in the year William fought his way into Northumbria and occupied York, buying off the Danes and devastating the surrounding country. The combined rebel forces overwhelm the Normans at York and take control of Northumbria

William recaptures York from Asbjorn who is reluctant to meet him in battle. Edgar "the Atheling" besieges the Norman castle at York but William ambushes him

A renewed rebellion at York challenges William's northern garrisons and forces another royal intervention.

Danish-backed rebels seize York and destroy Norman positions, creating the most dangerous northern challenge to William.

Recaptures York & uses it as a centre for a winter campaign to establish his rule. King Edgar of Scotland is forced back across the border

Late in the year William fought his way into Northumbria and occupied York, buying off the Danes and devastating the surrounding country

York rises & kills its castellan

York rises & kills its castellan

Late in the year William fought his way into Northumbria and occupied York, buying off the Danes and devastating the surrounding country

William recaptures York from Asbjorn who is reluctant to meet him in battle

William retakes York and restores Norman control after the Danish-backed occupation.

The rebels, aided by the Dane Jarl Osbiorn, capture York

Gathers an army at York to defend the North of England from incursions by the Scots

Appointed Dean of York

During Richards coronation many of the Jews in York are massacred

Reconcilled with his half-brother Geoffrey the Archbishop of York

The border is settled on a line from Berwick-Upon-Tweed to the Solway Firth. Alexander II abandons his claims to Cumberland, Westmorland & Northumberland

Appointed Archbishop of York

Edward I moves the seat of Government to York, a better base of operations for an invasion of Scotland

Eight earls join Edward: the Marshal, the Constable, Ralph de Monthemer, Arundel, Guy of Warwick and the young Earls of Lancaster and Pembroke, each bringing their own large contingents of minor knights and infantry. Edward I assembles at York the largest invasion force to enter Scotland since the days of Agricola consusting of as many as 2,500 heavily armoured knights and at least 12,500 infantry

Gathers 15,000 to support the Governor of Scotland, Surrey, to fight William Wallace

The Ordinances of 1311 are put into effect, with Thomas replacing the King's ministers and sheriffs with his own nominees

When Parliament meets, Edward finds himself entirely in the hands of the Lords Ordainers and surrenders the Government to his cousin Thomas

The Ordinances of 1311 are put into effect, with Thomas replacing the King's ministers and sheriffs with his own nominees

A Parliament at York confirms the Treaty of Leek, the Ordinances are confirmed and a new council of seventeen appointed, including eight bishops, four earls, four barons, and one banneret

A Parliament at York confirms the Treaty of Leek, the Ordinances are confirmed and a new council of seventeen appointed, including eight bishops, four earls, four barons, and one banneret

A Parliament at York confirms the Treaty of Leek, the Ordinances are confirmed and a new council of seventeen appointed, including eight bishops, four earls, four barons, and one banneret

A Parliament at York confirms the Treaty of Leek, the Ordinances are confirmed and a new council of seventeen appointed, including eight bishops, four earls, four barons, and one banneret

A Parliament at York confirms the Treaty of Leek, the Ordinances are confirmed and a new council of seventeen appointed, including eight bishops, four earls, four barons, and one banneret

Queen Isabella is captures at York by Robert I the Bruce

Queen Isabella is captures at York by Robert I the Bruce

His minority government opens negotiations with Robert I's envoys

Marries Philippa of Hainault, daughter of William I Count of Hainault, in York Minster

Philippa marries Edward III and becomes Queen of England

Edward III marries Philippa of Hainault at York

Edward III prepares a northern campaign in support of Edward Balliol

The king's government moves north for the Scottish campaign

Created Duke of York

Northumberland submits to Henry IV & is arrested, his life is spared

Northumberland submits to Henry IV & is arrested, his life is spared

Executed by Henry IV for being a traitor

Executed by Henry IV for being a traitor

Executed by Henry IV for being a traitor

Executed by Henry IV for being a traitor

Executed by Henry IV for being a traitor

Executed by Henry IV for being a traitor

Richards head is placed over a York city gate with a paper crown on it

Held by the Lancastrians at York

Queen Margaret & Somerset march southwards from York

Queen Margaret & Somerset march southwards from York

Captured by the Lancastrians at the Battle of St Albans & held at York

Marries Richard III & Anna daughter of his brother Richard to unthrone Edward IV

York regards Richard as its protector

Departs from York with a force of 600 to meet Earl Rivers at Northampton

Created Duke of York

Appointed Canon of York

Appointed Archbishop of Oxford University

Appointed Archbishop of York

To pacify the rebels Jane joins Henry VIII on a tour of the north & is crowned in York

Jane Seymour is crowned in York Minster as the nths Catholic Queen

To pacify the rebels Jane joins Henry VIII on a tour of the north & is crowned in York

To pacify the rebels Jane joins Henry VIII on a tour of the north & is crowned in York

To pacify the rebels Jane joins Henry VIII on a tour of the north & is crowned in York

Death of Robert Aske

The leader of the Pilrimage of Grace is executed

The leader of the Pilrimage of Grace is executed

Robert Aske leads the northern rebels into York as the movement gathers wider support.

Henry authorised Norfolk to promise a general pardon and a Parliament to be held at York within a year, as well as a reprieve for the abbeys until the Parliament had met

Henry authorised Norfolk to promise a general pardon and a Parliament to be held at York within a year, as well as a reprieve for the abbeys until the Parliament had met

Many people in northern England had disliked the way in which Henry VIII had cast off Catherine of Aragon, although her successor, Anne Boleyn, had been unpopular as Catherines replacement her execution is undermines the monarchy

Many people in northern England had disliked the way in which Henry VIII had cast off Catherine of Aragon, although her successor, Anne Boleyn, had been unpopular as Catherine's replacement her execution undermines the monarchy

The Pilgrimage of Grace is a popular rising in York, Yorkshire during 1536, in protest against England's break with Rome and the Dissolution of the Monasteries, as well as other specific political, social and economic grievances.

The movement broke out on 13 October 1536, immediately following the failure of the Lincolnshire Rising, and at this point was the term Pilgrimage of Grace used.

Leads a band of nine thousand followers, who entered and occupied York, there he arranges for the expelled monks and nuns to return to their houses; the King's newly installed tenants are driven out and Catholic observance resumed

Robert Aske is chosen to lead the insurgents; he was a London barrister, a resident of the Inns of Court, and the youngest son of Sir Robert Aske of Aughton near Selby.

The success of the rising was so great that the royal leaders, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk and George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury, opened negotiations with the insurgents at Doncaster, where Aske had assembled between thirty and forty thousand.

Robert Aske leads the rebels into York as the movement becomes the largest rising of Henry VIII's reign.

A new rising takes place in Cumberland and Westmorland called Bigods Rebellion (which Aske attempted to prevent) under Sir Francis Bigod, of Settrington in the North Riding of Yorkshire

Robert Aske, The leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace is executed

Robert Aske, The leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace is executed

Robert Aske is executed after Henry VIII punishes the leaders of the Pilgrimage of Grace.

Wants to meet James IV but James does not appear & Henry claims the Scottish theone

Appointed President of the Council of the North

Elizabeth is represented by the Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Sussex & Ralph Sadler

Norfolk plans to marry Mary & secure a Scottish alliance, the trial is moved to London

Elizabeths representitives try cases forwarded by Morays & Marys representitives. Elizabeth is represented by the Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Sussex & Ralph Sadler

Elizabeth is represented by the Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Sussex & Ralph Sadler

Appointed Archbishop of York

Wentworth became lord president of the Council of the North and governed northern England.

Wentworth strengthened the Council of the North and enforced royal authority across the region.

Created the Duke of York

Charles concentrates poorly supplied English forces in northern England.

Charles concentrates poorly supplied English forces in northern England.

Strafford became lieutenant general under the Earl of Northumberland for the second campaign against Scotland.

Strafford works to organise and discipline the English army assembled against Scotland.

Northumberland held nominal command of the royal army while illness limited his active service.

Strafford's illness restricted his ability to organise the demoralised royal army.

Charles leaves London to supervise the English war effort in northern England.

Charles leaves London to supervise the English war effort in northern England.

Strafford attempted to restore order after the English defeat at Newburn opened northern England to Scottish occupation.

Charles’s defeated northern army withdraws toward York after abandoning Newcastle.

Charles’s defeated northern army withdraws toward York after abandoning Newcastle.

Strafford attended the Great Council of Peers convened to address the military and financial emergency.

Charles asks assembled peers for advice following the Scottish invasion.

Charles asks assembled peers for advice following the Scottish invasion.

Charles convenes a Great Council of Peers after military defeat in the north.

Charles convenes a Great Council of Peers after military defeat in the north.

Vane advises Charles during the emergency meeting of peers at York.

Charles announces that a new Parliament will meet in November.

Charles announces that a new Parliament will meet in November.

Vane participates in discussions recommending negotiation with the Scottish army.

The Great Council advises Charles to summon Parliament and continue peace negotiations.

The Great Council advises Charles to summon Parliament and continue peace negotiations.

Strafford opposed concessions that would leave the Scottish army occupying northern counties at English expense.

Royal writs initiate elections for the Parliament scheduled to meet in November.

Royal writs initiate elections for the Parliament scheduled to meet in November.

Royalists remembered Strafford as a loyal minister sacrificed during the political crisis preceding civil war.

Charles governs from York while political negotiations with Parliament collapse.

Charles governs from York while political negotiations with Parliament collapse.

Charles establishes his court at York while gathering northern Royalist support.

Charles establishes his court at York while gathering northern Royalist support.

Charles establishes his court at York while gathering northern political support.

Charles establishes his court at York while gathering northern political support.

Charles proposes transferring the central law courts from London to York.

Charles proposes transferring the central law courts from London to York.

Parliament declares that the King's military preparations amount to war against Parliament.

Parliament declares that the King's military preparations amount to war against Parliament.

Charles receives Parliament's proposals for a major transfer of royal authority.

Charles receives Parliament's proposals for a major transfer of royal authority.

Charles authorises supporters to muster county forces through commissions of array.

Charles authorises supporters to muster county forces through commissions of array.

Charles rejects the proposals and defends the established balance of the constitution.

Charles rejects the proposals and defends the established balance of the constitution.

The King rejects Parliament's programme for controlling ministers, religion and the armed forces.

The King rejects Parliament's programme for controlling ministers, religion and the armed forces.

Charles dismisses parliamentary commissioners during renewed disputes over Hull.

Charles dismisses parliamentary commissioners during renewed disputes over Hull.

Withdraws the Royalists from Wakefield & Pontefract & gathers them at York

Helps capture York for the Parliamentarians

Lord Newcastles Royalist force of 5,000 is trapped in York

Covenanters & Parliament raise the siege of York to destroy Devonshires army

Begins the siege where Newcastle is stranded with 5,000 men but is relieved by Rupert

Covenanters & Parliament raise the siege of York to destroy Devonshires army

Gathers together a force of 27,000 outside York

Appointed Governor of York

The city of York is taken after the Battle of Marston Moor, and nearly the whole of the north submits to the Parliament

Resumes the siege of York after victory at Marston Moor

Resumes the siege of York after victory at Marston Moor

Parliament captures York

Leads the "Ironsides" & captures York

Parliament captures York

Elected Member of Parliament for York and becomes a supporter of the restored monarchy.