Paris in History

Clovis I moves his capital to Paris

Succeeds as Frankish King

Succeeds as Frankish King

Succeeds as Frankish King

Succeeds as King of the Franks

Succeeds as Frankish King

Succeeds as Frankish King

Succeeds as Frankish King

Succeeds as Frankish King

Succeeds as Frankish King

Succeeds as Frankish King

Succeeds as Frankish King

Birth of Pepin III the Short, son of Charles Martel

Appointed Mayor of the Palace, 0741-0751

Pepin becomes sole ruler of the Franks

Overthrows Childeric III & founds the Carolingian Dynasty

Overthrows Childeric III & founds the Carolingian Dynasty

Marries the daughter of Caribert, Count of Laon

Succeeds as King of France, "the throne of all the Franks"

After the death of Pepin his sons Charlemagne & Carloman divide the kingdom

Succeeds as King of France

The 1st Viking raid on Paris

Succeeds as King of Aquitaine

The Vikings sack Paris

Succeeds as King of France

Succeeds as King of France, while his brother Carloman rules south France

The Vikings reach Paris

Count Eudes defends Paris from the Vikings

Helps defend Paris from the Vikings

Signs a humiliating Treaty with the Vikings in Paris

Pays off the Vikings with 700lb of silver & sends them off to Burgundy

Succeeds as King of France, elected King by the Frankish magnates

Succeeds as King of France

After Odos death the Carolingian Charles is fully recognised as King of France

Captures Lorraine

Charles is deposed by his barons & replaced with King Odos brother Robert

Crowned in Reims, Charles the Simple is gathering an army to retake the throne

Has Robert killed, he had usurped the throne the previous year

Imprisoned by the rebels but the conflict continues

Succeeds as King of France

Crwned but does not assume power until Lothairs death in 986. Succeeds as King of France, the last of the Carolingians, descendants of Charlamagne

Crwned but does not assume power until Lothairs death in 986

Succeeds as King of France, Last of the Carolingian Dynasty

Makes Paris the capital of France for the 1st time

Establishes his rule from Paris

Succeeds as King of France

Succeeds as King of France

The most powerful of the French Lords is crowned King of France

Succeeds as King of France, descendent of Richard I Duke of Normandy

Succeeds to the throne of France

Birth of Louis VI the Fat, son of Philip I of France

Rules as co-ruler with his father Philip I

Succeeds as King of France

Succeeds as King of France, Marries Eleanor, heiress to the Duke of Aquitaine

Marries Louis VII, his 3rd wife. Louis previous marriages had not produced an heir, Adela gives birth to Philip II

Birth of Philip II, son of Adela & Louis VII

Succeeds as King of France

The forces of Richard I & Philip II join up at Sicily

Appointed Regent, during Philip IIs crusade

Philip II signs a truce with Richard I

Controls a rebellion & hosts a visit by John to Paris, the peace of Le Goulet is kept

Dismissed as by John after the Battle of Mirabeau, a fateful act as John needs him

Receives Arthur of Brittanys homage for Brittany, Poitou, Anjou, Maine & Touraine

Philip holds the trial for for Johns treatment of the Lusignan brothers. Philip demands Johns castles in Normandy. John refuses to stand trial before Philip II. John is tried in his absence & has all his French Crown lands forfeited

Helps secure the throne for Henry III after victory at the Battle of Lincoln

Absolved by the papal legate, Gaulo, for having taken up arms against Henry III

Louis VIII returns his English fortifications & secures the release of his supporters

Honorius declares a prolongation of the peace between England & France by 4 yrs

Claims the English throne & wants to capture Henry IIIs lands in France

Succeeds as King of France

Louis mother, Queen Blanche of Castille, becomes Regent

Succeeds as King of France, age 11, the Kingdom is ruled by Blance of Castille

Louis gains the senescalcles of Nimes & Beaucaire

Fails to conquer North Aquitaine but gains Sicily

Henry III pays homage to Louis IX for Gascony & Aquitaine. Henry III gives up claims to Normandy, Maine, Anjou & Poitou

Philip III the Bold signs a truce with the Infidels

Succeeds as the King of France

Meets Edward I who decides to settle with Philip & regulate affairs in Aquitaine

Edward I requests full implementation of the Treaty of Paris

Marries Joan of Champagne, Count Edmunds stepdaughter, the future Philip IV

Philip III recognizes Eleanor as Countess of Ponthieu. Philip III & hands over some of the inheritance of Alfonse of Poitiers to Edward I. Philip III & Edward I accept the Treaty of Amiens at Abbeville. Edward I gives up his claim to the Bishoprics of Limoges, Perigueux & Cahors. Agen & the Agenais are ceded by Philip III to Edward I

Marries Jean de Navarre, daughter of King Henry of Navarre

Succeeds as King of France

Birth of Charles IV the Fair, son of Philip IV

Philip pronounces a sentence of forfeiture on Edward I & takes possession of Gascony. Philip IV summons Edward I to Paris as his vassal, Edward sends Edmund of Lancaster

Prepares for an invasion of England, promises James of Aragon the English throne

Forbidden by Papal Bull to tax the clergy

Forbidden by Papal Bull to tax the clergy

His piety, concern for justice & death on the Crusades leads to his canonization

Summons the First Estate for support

Has the Knights Templar arrested & confiscates their wealth

Suppresses the Order of Templars

Succeeds as King of France, succeeds his father Philip IV

Succeeds as King of France, his uncle Philip is made Regent

Succeeds as King of France

Crowned King of France

Passes the Salic law excluding women from the throne

Passes the Salic law excluding women from the throne

Edward IIIs claim to the French throne is used to invade France

Succeeds as King of France, Philip VIs nephew

Philip of Valois acts while the royal succession awaits Jeanne's child

Jeanne of Evreux is pregnant when Charles IV dies

Philip of Valois is accepted as King of France after Blanche's birth

Posthumous daughter of Charles IV is born and cannot inherit under French custom

Birth of Charles V the Wise, son of John II

Barons refuse to recognize the female line & renounce Edward IIIs mother Isabella

The Pope allows Philip to levy contributions from the French Clergy for 2 yrs

Invades English fiefs south of the Loire & provoking Edward III to invade France

Succeeds as King of France, son of Philip VI

An imitation of Englands Order of the Garter

Edward the Black Prince defeats the French & captures King John II at the Battle of Poitiers & takes him back to England

Appointed Regent after his father, John II, is captured at Poitiers by the English

Forced to move to the Louvre

Forced to move to the Louvre

Forced to move to the Louvre

France rejects a Treaty under which John II will pay England a ransom for his freedom

Raises the ransom for his father John II & gains his release from the English

Secures the Duchy of Burgundy for his son Philip

Succeeds as King of France

Determined to regain all that had been lost to Edward III

Charles V uses Gascon grievances to undermine English rule in Aquitaine

Charles V receives appeals from Gascon nobles against English Aquitaine

Renews the war with a series of raids on the Channel coast of England

By 1374 all England possesin France is Calais & a small part of the south west France

Succeeds to the throne of France at the age of twelve

Succeeds as King of France, under the regency of his uncles until 1388

Marries Isabella from the House of Wittelsbach

Assembles the largest fleet since Charlamagne but the plans for invasion are abandoned

Declares himself old enough to rule without his 3 brothers who are joint Regents

Sparks off power struggle between Louis Duke of Orleans & Philip Duke of Burgundy. 1st bout of insanity

The Peace of Paris lasts for 30 years. Richard II & Charles VI agree peace. England keeps Calais & part of Gascony. Charles agrees to support Richard if he is attacked by an aggressor

Withdraws support from Benedict XIII but the Emperor supports the Pope

Birth of Charles VII

Sparks off civil war between the Orleanists & Burgundians. Assassinated by order of John the Fearless

Death of Louis of Orleans

Orleans is assassinated by Burgundy while under Charles protection. Burgundy is pardoned because Orleans had been involved in a plot to overthrow the King

Burgundy is pardoned because Orleans had been involved in a plot to overthrow the King

Death of Orleans, assasinated. Burgundy is pardoned because Orleans had been involved in a plot to overthrow the King

Appointed Guardian of the Dauphin

Duke Jean-sans-Peur of Burgundy gains control of Paris, the Dauphin Charles flees south of the Loire

Duke Jean-sans-Peur of Burgundy gains control of Paris, the Dauphin Charles flees south of the Loire

Takes the capital & Massacres the remaining Armagnac & Orleanist leaders

Succeeds as King of France

Death of Henry V

Succeeds as King of France. Inherits the thrones of England & France. Henry VIs uncle the Duke of Bedford is appointed Protector of England

Succeeds as King of France. Recognized as a successor by the south. Excluded from the succession by the Treaty of Troyes

Joan of Arcs army launches an assault against Paris, Joan is shot by an arrow while trying to find a place for her troops to cross the citys moat & the troops are withdrawn against her wishes

Leads an attack on the Porte Sainte-Honore where she is injured by a crossbow wound. Joan of Arcs army launches an assault against Paris, Joan is shot by an arrow while trying to find a place for her troops to cross the citys moat & the troops are withdrawn against her wishes

After being ordered to march back to Gien-sur-Loire, Joan of Arcs army is disbanded

Crowned as Henry II of France, under the terms of the Treaty of Troyes

Marries Margaret, daughter of James I of Scotland

The French army enters Paris, without Burgundy the English cannot defend it

Captures Paris from the English

Recaptures Maine

Captures Brittany from the English

Captures Gascony from the English

A peace Treaty is signed between England & France

Flees to Flanders after an unsuccessful attempt to capture his fathers throne

Birth of Anne of France, daughter of Louis XI, King of France and his second wife, Charlotte of Savoy

Birth of Anne of France, daughter of Louis XI

Succeeds as King of France, Son of Charles VII

Anti-Royalist alliance of Brittany, Bourbon, Armagnac & Burgundy. Allies with the League of the Public Weald

Marries Jeanne, daughter of Louis XI

Succeeds as King of France

Imprisoned by Charles VIII, 1488-1491

Takes part in the French Invasion of Northern Italy

Succeeds as King of France, duke of Orleans until he succeeded his cousin Charles VIII

Marries Anne de Bretagne, widow of Charles VIII

The French are driven out of Northern Italy

Sends an envoy to James IV for an alliance against England

Sends an envoy to James IV for an alliance against England

Sends an ultimatum to Henry VIII at Therouanne in Flanders but is ignored

Marries Claude de France daughter of Louis XII

Marries Mary Tudor, sister of Henry VIII in accordance with the peace Treaty

The King of France is given the leadership of the gallican Church

Succeeds as King of France, son of Charles Count of Angouleme

Death of Louis XII, succeeded by his cousin & son-in-law Francis, Count of Angouleme

Concludes a concordat with Pope Leo X

Milan remains French & Verona is sold to Venice for 60,000 ducats. Concludes peace with Maximilian

Defeated in election for the Imperial throne by Charles I of Spain, Emperor Charles V

Defeated in election for the Imperial throne by Charles I of Spain, Emperor Charles V

Returns the Duke of Albany to Scotland to harass the English border

Receives Cardinal Wolsey who informs him of Henry VIIIs arrival in Calais

Entertains Henry VII at Field of Cloth of Gold near Guines

Bids Henry VIII farewell at the Field of Cloth of Gold

Henry VIII breaks off talks after the Battle of Pavia. Charles V refuses to restore Henry VIII to the French throne

Forms an alliance with Suleiman the Magnificent against Emperor Charles V

Francis I raises Guise to a duchy for Claude of Lorraine

Henry VIII approves the election of Francis I to the Order of the Garter

Henry VIII approves the election of Francis I to the Order of the Garter

Paris becomes the capital of France

Signs a peace Treaty with the Turks

Signs a trade Treaty with the Turks

Marries Catherine de Medicis

Delegates from 66 Calvinist congregations in France meet secretly at Paris in a national synod which draws up a confession of faith and a book of discipline, thus was organized the first national Protestant church of France

Succeeds as King of France

Birth of Francis II

Death of Etienne Dolet, executed

Hanged & burned for heresy & blasphemy for publishing the works of Erasmus

Succeeds as King of France, 2nd son of Francis I

Francis of Guise is made Grand Chamberlain of France

Birth of Henry IV, son of Antoine de Bourbon

Henry II appoints Guise lieutenant general to defend the kingdom

Guise is recalled from Italy after the French defeat at Saint Quentin

Henry II celebrates the recovery of Calais from England

Francis marries Mary Queen of Scots and strengthens the Franco Scottish alliance

Louis of Conde emerges as a leading noble protector of the Huguenots

Henry II's daughter Elizabeth marries Philip II as part of the peace settlement

Henry II is fatally wounded during a tournament celebrating the peace

Francis II succeeds his father Henry II as King of France

Death of Henry II, mortally wounded in a tournament

Henry II dies from wounds suffered in a tournament

Francis of Guise gains influence under the young Francis II

Francis II's accession strengthens the political influence of the Guise family

Charles Cardinal of Lorraine becomes a leading adviser to Francis II

The "Amboise conspiracy", or "Tumult of Amboise", the attempt on the part of a group of disaffected nobles (led by Jean du Barry, seigneur de la Renaudie) to abduct the young king and eliminate the Guise faction, is foiled

Charles IX, succeeds as King of France, a Kingdom ruled by his mother Catherine de Medici

Charles IX, succeeds as King of France, a Kingdom ruled by his mother Catherine de Medici

The "Amboise conspiracy", or "Tumult of Amboise", the attempt on the part of a group of disaffected nobles (led by Jean du Barry, seigneur de la Renaudie) to abduct the young king and eliminate the Guise faction, is foiled

Guise returns to political prominence amid the religious crisis

Charles IX rules as a minor under Catherine de Medici's regency

L'Hospital advocates moderation toward French Protestants

Montmorency joins Guise and Saint Andre in a Catholic triumvirate

Guise joins Montmorency and Saint Andre in a Catholic triumvirate

Guise forms a Catholic triumvirate with Montmorency and Saint Andre

Saint Andre joins the Catholic triumvirate opposing Protestant concessions

The Catholic triumvirate organizes opposition to concessions for French Protestants

After Guise massacres Hugenots at Vassy & captures Paris, Louis captures Orleans

Guise and Catholic allies secure Paris against Protestant forces

Antoine of Navarre sides with the Catholic royal army

Guise helps organize Catholic forces against the Huguenots

Montmorency joins Guise in command of Catholic forces

Saint Andre serves as a senior Catholic commander

Conde threatens Paris with Huguenot forces before Dreux

Marches on Paris

Full rule of Charles IX without Catherine de Medicus

Poltrot is executed for the shooting of Francis of Guise

Marries Margaret of Valois, sister of Charles IX

Succeeeds as the King of Navarre, 1572-1589

Orders the assassination of Coligny, the Huguenot leader

Orders the assassination of Coligny, the Huguenot leader. Charles IX & Catherine de Medici sanction the massacre of Huguenots

Charles IX & Catherine de Medici sanction the massacre of Huguenots

Orders the assassination of Coligny, the Huguenot leader. Charles IX & Catherine de Medici sanction the massacre of Huguenots

Charles IX & Catherine de Medici sanction the massacre of Huguenots

Henry of Guise is associated with Catholic violence during the Saint Bartholomew period

The Edict of Boulogne-sur-Mer is officially registered by the Parlement of Paris

Fights both the Huguenots & the Catholic League

Fights both the Huguenots & the Catholic League

Fights both the Huguenots & the Catholic League

Henry III founds the Order of the Holy Spirit

Succeeds as King of France

Publishes De umbris idearum in Paris

Implements the Gregorian calendar change in France in December 1582

Becomes heir presumptive on the death of Francois duc dAlencon

The succession crisis after Anjou's death helps set up the War of the Three Henrys

Faces the political crisis caused by the death of her youngest son Francois

Becomes heir presumptive to the French crown after the death of Francois, Duke of Anjou

The death of his brother Francois leaves the Protestant Henry of Navarre as heir presumptive

Henry has Guise murdered at Blois

Henry is forced to join the Catholic League by the Paris mob

Henry makes the Duke of Navarre his successor

Expelled by the Duke of Guise, head of the Catholic League

Expelled by the Duke of Guise, head of the Catholic League

Montaigne publishes an enlarged edition containing the third book of the Essays.

Day of the Barricades in Paris, Duke Henry of Guise seizes the city, forcing King Henry III to flee

Death of Henry of Guise, assassinated

Henry of Navarre converts to Catholicism in hopes to keep peace amongst the people, and is crowned King Henry IV of France

The Guises propose a settlement with a cipher as heir and demand a meeting of the States General, which takes place at Blois. Paris rises against Henry III in favour of the Guises, Henry III leaves Paris

Succeeds as King of France, had been brought up as a Protestant

Succeeeds as the King of France, 1st of the Bourbon line

Succeeeds as the King of France, 1st of the Bourbon line. Henry of Navarre converts to Catholicism in hopes to keep peace amongst the people, and is crowned King Henry IV of France

King Henry III of France capitulates to the Duke of Guise and returns to Paris

Assassinated by a Dominican monk, Henry is the last of the Valois line

Assassinated by a Dominican monk, Henry is the last of the Valois line

Death of Henry III, assassinated

After Henrys assassination Paris suffers a 4 year siege

The Guises propose a settlement with a cipher as heir and demand a meeting of the States General, which takes place at Blois

Henry III of France strikes his ultra-Catholic enemies, having the Duke of Guise and his brother, Cardinal Louis of Guise, killed, and holding the Cardinal de Bourbon a prisoner

The Catholic League holds Paris & the Assembly calls for a Catholic King of France

The Catholic League holds Paris & the Assembly calls for a Catholic King of France. Makes a truce with the Catholic League. Converts to Catholicism & makes a truce with the Catholic League

The Catholic League holds Paris & the Assembly calls for a Catholic King of France

Converted to Catholicism

Makes a truce with the Catholic League. Converts to Catholicism & makes a truce with the Catholic League. Agrees all foreign troops should leave France or be quartered in garrisons

The Catholic League holds Paris & the Assembly calls for a Catholic King of France

The Catholic League holds Paris & the Assembly calls for a Catholic King of France

The Catholic League holds Paris & the Assembly calls for a Catholic King of France

The Estates General meets for the 1st time since 1576

Henry IV hears mass & swears allegiance to the Church. A ceremony in St Denis confirms Henrys conversion to Catholicism

Enters Paris

Terminates the war with the Holy League

Marries Marie de Medici

Helps achieve the Twelve Year Truce between Spain & The Netherlands

Succeeds as King of France, Succeeds his father Henry IV, assumes power 1617

Anne of Austria marries Louis XIII

Marries Anne of Austria

Appointed Member of ruling council

Appointed Leader of the Ruling Council

Descartes establishes contact with Marin Mersenne, who circulates his ideas among European scholars.

Forced to make peace with the Spanish because of the rebellion of the Hugenots

Forced to make peace with the Spanish because of the rebellion of the Hugenots

Opens the Assembly of Notables to unite the nobility

Descartes develops an unfinished work setting out rules for orderly and reliable reasoning.

Negotiates the end of the War between Sweden & Poland

England makes peace with France after supporting the French Hugenots

Records the first telescopic observation of a planetary transit.

Observes Mercury crossing the Sun as predicted by Kepler.

One of the Languedoc rebel leaders, the Duc de Montmorency, is executed

The Heilbronn League is an alliance between Sweden, France, and the Protestant princes of Western Germany against the Catholic League during the Thirty Years War

The Heilbronn League is an alliance between Sweden, France, and the Protestant princes of Western Germany against the Catholic League during the Thirty Years War. Bernard & the Heilbronn League guarantee the Catholic faith in Germany

Bernard & the Heilbronn League cede land in Alsace to France

Bernard & the Heilbronn League guarantee the Catholic faith in Germany. Bernard & the Heilbronn League cede land in Alsace to France

The Treaty of Paris formally gave control of what remained of the League of Heilbronn to France

The Treaty of Paris formally gave control of what remained of the League of Heilbronn to France. France offers the German Protestants 12,000 men & 1/2 million Livres

Renews the alliance with Sweden for an annual payment of 1 million livres

Nicolas Malebranche is born in Paris into a prominent administrative family.

Birth of Louis XIV, by Anne of Austria

Birth of Louis XIV the Sun King, son of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria

Pascal circulates an essay presenting important results concerning conic sections.

Descartes uses systematic doubt to question beliefs derived from sensation and ordinary experience.

Descartes presents metaphysical arguments intended to secure the possibility of reliable scientific knowledge.

The first Latin edition of the Meditations on First Philosophy is published in Paris.

The Meditations distinguishes thinking mind from extended matter and reshapes later metaphysical debate.

Forbids Parliament to take part in the affairs of State

Descartes argues that the certainty of thinking establishes the existence of the thinking self.

The Marquise de Cinq-Mars makes a secret Treaty with Spain

The Cortes offers the Portuguese throne to Louis XIII

Founds the Biblioteque Mazarine library

Mars plots to assassinate Richelieu, put dOrleans on the throne & pacify Spain

Louis has Cinq Mars executed, 2 months before Richelius death

Louis has Cinq Mars executed, 2 months before Richelius death

Death of Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu

Dies after a 33 year dominated by his mother Marie deMedici & Cardinal Richelieu

Becomes king as a child after the death of Louis XIII.

Appointed Member of Regency Council

Governs for the young Louis XIV with Mazarin.

Directs policy during Louis XIV's minority.

Appointed Member of Regency Council on behalf of Louis XIV until his majority

Succeeds as King of France

Suggests that solar influence would vary inversely with the square of distance.

Receives his cousin Charles II during his exile from the English Civil War

Pascal publishes experimental findings supporting the existence of a vacuum.

Demonstrators force Anne to release Broussel & call for the removal of Mazarin

Demonstrators force Anne to release Broussel & call for the removal of Mazarin

Faces parliamentary and noble revolt during childhood.

Parlement refuses funds & Mazarin calls on the Condes troops to surround Paris

The Fronde capture the Bastille & install Brousels son as its Governor

The Fronde close the Paris gates & create an army to release the King

Descartes publishes The Passions of the Soul, his major study of emotion and moral psychology.

Leaves Paris during the Fronde unrest.

Peace between the frondeurs, rebels, and the French court

Declared of age

Returns to Paris after royal authority recovers.

Appointed Superintendant of Finances

Malebranche begins formal studies at the College de la Marche.

Applies the arithmetic triangle to combinations and probability calculations.

Pascal and Pierre de Fermat exchange letters that help establish mathematical probability theory.

Organizes binomial coefficients in a systematic triangular arrangement.

Pascal experiences an intense religious conversion recorded in his Memorial.

Agrees a commercial treaty with England and removes some royalist exiles from French support

Pascal begins publishing the Provincial Letters during the Jansenist controversy.

It is agreed France will capture Gravelines and England will capture Dunkirk and Mardyck

Marries Marie-Therese daughter of Philip IV of Spain

Malebranche enters the French Oratory after rejecting scholastic university philosophy.

Appointed Assistant Superintendent of Finance by Louis XIV

Begins financial and administrative reform under Louis XIV.

After the Thirty Year and Civil War debt is pounds143 million, revenue is pounds71 million

After the Thirty Year and Civil War debt is pounds143 million, revenue is pounds71 million

Expels Jansenist novices. Enforces the Papal Bull condemning many Jansenist beliefs as heresy

Appointed Principal Minister to Louis XIV

Expands royal patronage of arts, architecture and science.

After the Thirty Year and Civil War debt is pounds143 million, revenue is pounds71 million

On the death of Mazarin assumes complete control

Takes personal control after Mazarin's death.

Colbert organises the Gobelins manufactory as part of royal economic policy.

Establishes royal control over the Gobelins workshops to support luxury manufacture.

Places Gobelins workshops under royal direction.

Pascal helps establish an early public transport service using fixed routes and fares.

Blaise Pascal dies in Paris, aged thirty-nine.

Founds the Petite Academie to serve royal historical and artistic policy.

Sponsors learned work that supports royal glory and official history.

Colbert reorganises New France as part of royal imperial administration.

Takes New France under direct royal control after the end of company rule.

Supports royal enforcement as pressure increases on Jansenist communities.

Expels leading nuns and places Jansenist convents under stronger royal pressure.

Malebranche encounters Descartes's Treatise on Man and turns toward Cartesian philosophy.

Organises the French West India Company to strengthen colonial commerce.

Creates the company as part of his mercantilist programme for French overseas trade.

Authorises a company to expand French trade in Asia.

Authorises the French East India Company to expand French trade in Asia.

Continues centralising financial administration under Louis XIV.

Maintains pressure on Jansenist communities over acceptance of anti-Jansenist formularies.

The Assembly of the Clergy presses the crown to act more strongly against heresy.

Edits the first issue of the Journal des Savants.

Supports learned publishing and royal intellectual policy in France.

Rules as the Journal des Savants begins publication.

The Journal des Savants begins publication as one of Europe's first learned journals.

Rules as Moliere stages Dom Juan during the height of royal theatrical patronage.

Premieres Dom Juan in Paris after the controversy over Tartuffe.

Philip IV's death renews French succession claims.

Philip IV's death renews French interest in Spanish inheritance claims through Maria Theresa.

Develops a micrometer for measuring small angular separations through telescopes.

Founds the French Academy of Sciences

Begins the persecution of France's 2 million Huguenots

Improves quantitative observation of planetary diameters and double stars.

Death of Anne of Austria, dies of breast cancer

Founds the Lieutenant general de police de Paris

Enacts the reforms of the Civil Code

Doubles most of the import tariffs to make France more self-sufficient

Creates the office of Lieutenant General of Police.

Enacts the reforms of the Criminal Code

Completes a precise meridian-arc measurement north of Paris.

Calculates Earths size with unprecedented seventeenth-century accuracy.

Enacts the reforms of the Maritime Code

Promulgates commercial reforms for French trade.

Enacts the reforms of the Commercial Code

Malebranche publishes the first volumes of The Search after Truth.

Secret alliance between Charles II of England and Louis XIV is renewed

Secret alliance between Charles II of England and Louis XIV is renewed

Malebranche publishes Christian Conversations, presenting religious and metaphysical arguments in dialogue form.

Malebranche publishes a controversial account of divine action, natural laws and grace.

Supports Gallican articles limiting papal authority in France.

Malebranche publishes meditations explaining knowledge through ideas in God.

Marries Francoise, widow of the poet Paul Scarron

Enacts the reforms of the Code Noir for slaves in the colonies

Malebranche publishes dialogues defending occasionalism and the vision of all things in God.

France is at war with England after William III's government joins the coalition opposing Louis XIV.

Repudiates the 1682 declaration in an attempt to improve relations with the Pope

Softens conflict with the papacy over Gallican claims.

Francois-Marie Arouet, later known as Voltaire, is born in Paris.

Louis XIV accepts Charles II of Spain's will naming Philip of Anjou as heir to the Spanish monarchy.

The Spanish testament naming Philip of Anjou is debated at Versailles amid fears of a European war.

France invades the Spanish Netherlands & sparks off the hostlities of the war

Succeeds as King of The Netherlands

Charles Marie de La Condamine is born in Paris.

Louis XIV preserves Philip V's theoretical French succession rights, alarming rival European powers.

Faces war with the Grand Alliance.

Arrests Jansenist nuns

Turns down peace proposals from Spain

Gets the Pope to issue a Papal Bull condemning Jansenist views

Louis gives the Duke du Toulouse the right to succeed to the French throne. Louis gives the Duke du Maine the right to succeed to the French throne

Louis XIV draws up his will

France & Spain agree a commercial Treaty. Refuses to conclude a Treaty with Britain, Britain assumes he has Jacobite sympathies

Removed as Louis XIV was dead before the 1770 marriage of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.

The contents of Louis XIV's will are revealed to Orleans

Dies age 76 at St Saint-Saint-Germain-en-Laye after reigning for 72 years

Succeeds as King of France, the grandson of Louis XIV. Comes to the throne age 5 under the regency of the Duke of Orleans

Takes power as regent after Louis XIV's death.

Succeeds as Regent of France

Nicolas Malebranche dies in Paris, aged seventy-seven.

France & Spain agree a commercial Treaty

Appointed Head of the Council for Finance

Appointed Keeper of the Seals

Appointed Member of Council for Foreign Affairs

A Council decree proclaims bank-notes will not be subject to devaluation

Tsar Peter I concludes a Francon Treaty after France joins the Triple Alliance

Arouet is imprisoned in the Bastille after being accused of writing satirical verses.

Toulouse loses his right of succession to the French throne. Maine loses his right of succession to the French throne

Prussia, France & Russia sign a Treaty to bring the Northern War to an end. Prussia, France & Russia sign a Treaty guaranteeing Utrecht

The Parlement of Paris forbids foreigners in the administration of royal revenues

Arouet adopts the name Voltaire and achieves theatrical success with Oedipe.

A Regency council deprives Toulouse of his royal privileges

The conseil de conscience is abolished

Abolishes councils for religion, war, foreign affairs & the interior

Interest rates are reduced from 4% to 2%

Appointed First Minister

Marries Maria Leszcynska

Diderot receives a Master of Arts degree after studies in Paris.

Rousseau presents a new system of musical notation to the Academy of Sciences.

Manages finances after the death of Fleury but unable to restore the budget

Manages finances after the death of Fleury but unable to restore the budget

Birth of Jean Paul Marat

Diderot anonymously publishes Philosophical Thoughts, challenging religious dogmatism.

Diderot publishes Letter on the Blind and is imprisoned for its materialist implications.

Rousseau wins the Dijon Academy prize by arguing that progress can corrupt morals.

Diderot and d'Alembert publish the first volume of the Encyclopedie.

Publishes the first volume of the Encyclopedie with collaborators.

Organizes scientific, technical and philosophical knowledge for a broad readership.

Calculates that Jupiter and Saturn will delay the predicted return of Halley's Comet.

Calculates perturbations that help predict the return of Halley's Comet under Newtonian gravity.

Royal authorities revoke the Encyclopedie's publication privilege, forcing editorial work underground.

The rebellion of the Jesuits is suppressed

The rebellion of the Jesuits is suppressed

The rebellion of the Jesuits is suppressed

Catalogues the Andromeda object as Messier 31, establishing the designation M31 that remains in standard astronomical use.

Diderot completes the principal text volumes of the Encyclopedie after years of censorship.

Appointed Chancellor of France

Opens an exhibition of life size wax figures

Marries Louis, the French dauphin & future Louis XVI

Marries Marie Antoinette

Overthrows the Paris Parlement & replaces it with smaller & more limited courts

The Parlement of Paris is abolished

Overthrows the Paris Parlement & replaces it with smaller & more limited courts

Develops solutions to the three-body problem and identifies stable orbital configurations.

Appointed Controller General of Finance

The first version of Messier's catalogue contains 45 objects and is published in the journal of the French Academy of Sciences

The first version of Messier's catalogue contains 45 objects and is published in the journal of the French Academy of Sciences

The first version of Messier's catalogue contains 45 objects and is published in the journal of the French Academy of Sciences

The Parlement of Paris is abolished

Succeeds as King of France

Louis recalls the Paris Parlement

Forced to retire on the accession of Louis XVI

Famine in Paris, April-May

Fails to escape France in support of the emigres through the north east frontier

Louis XVI failed to escape France in support of the emigres through the north east frontier.

The passage of the 6 Edicts leads to Turgots downfall. Dismissed because of opposition to his Six Edicts

Suppresses duties on grain, harbour dues, statutes of apprenticeship & the corvee

The passage of the 6 Edicts leads to Turgots downfall

The 6 Edicts are registered by a "lit de justice" because of opposition to them

France recognizes the Americas independence

France recognizes the Americas independence

Voltaire dies in Paris after returning triumphantly to the city, aged eighty-three.

The Paris Symphony is first performed in Paris.

Appointed Agent General of the French Clergy

The final version of Messier's catalogue is published

The final list of Messier objects had grown to 103

The final list of Messier objects had grown to 103

The final version of Messier's catalogue is published

Louis XVI dismisses his Finance Minister, Neckar

Birth of Eugene de Beauharnais

Reforms taxes rather than summon the Estates General & resistance from Parlements

Appointed Comptroller General of Finances

Denis Diderot dies in Paris, aged seventy.

Attends the Ecole Militaire, awarded a free place by Louis XVI as a "gentleman cadet"

Appointed Member of Council

Uses a torsion balance to measure forces between electric charges.

Establishes the inverse-square law governing electrostatic attraction and repulsion.

An alliance is agreed between France & Holland

An alliance is agreed between France & Holland

Presents reform proposals to Louis XVI

Dismissed due to failure of finance reforms

Dismissed after failing to reform taxes & convening a hostile Assembly of Notables

Louis XVI held a royal session of the Parlement of Paris as the crown sought registration of new loans to stabilize state finances.

Elected as the last, 20th, of the Deputies of Paris to the States General

Olympe de Gouges proposed a voluntary patriotic fund as a way to address the monarchy's financial crisis.

Olympe de Gouges proposed workshops for unemployed people and support for impoverished women, children and older people.

Brissot helped found the Society of the Friends of the Blacks to campaign against slavery and the slave trade.

Louis XVI's government imposed judicial reforms that reduced the powers of the parlements, deepening political resistance to royal authority.

Louis XVI restored the Parlement of Paris after the failure of the crown's attempt to impose judicial restructuring.

Marie-Antoinette was placed under House arrest in the Tuileries.

Placed under House arrest in the Tuileries

Bertier de Sauvigny was assassinated for hoarding food.

Foulon de Doue was assassinated for hoarding food.

Jacques de Flesselles was assassinated for witholding arms from the "citizens militia".

Proposes the Civil Constitution of the Clergy that nationalizes the Church & swears in the 2 two constitutional bishops

Appointed Member of Constituent Assembly

Appointed Member of Constituent Assembly

Maximilien Francois Marie Robespierre was appointed Member of Constituent Assembly.

Proposes the Civil Constitution of the Clergy that nationalizes the Church & swears in the 2 two constitutional bishops

Bertier de Sauvigny was assassinated.

Death of Bertier de Sauvigny, assassinated

Assassinated for hoarding food

Death of Jacques de Flesselles, assassinated. Assassinated for witholding arms from the "citizens militia"

Death of Jacques de Flesselles, assassinated. Assassinated for witholding arms from the "citizens militia".

Appointed of the Estates General

Henri Gregoire became a deputy to the Estates General.

Appointed of the Estates General

Elected to the Estates General, represents the clergy, the First Estate

Publishes a systematic textbook defining elements and chemical reactions.

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord Benevente was elected to the Estates General, represents the clergy, the First Estate.

Elected to the Estates General, represents the clergy, the First Estate

Appointed Member of Estates General

Maximilien Francois Marie Robespierre was appointed Member of Estates General.

Forces Louis to oppose the abolition of feudalism & the restricting of Royal powers

Forces Louis to oppose the abolition of feudalism and the restricting of Royal powers.

Helps establish modern terminology and quantitative chemical practice.

Appointed Leader of the 3rd Estate in the National Assembly

Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes was appointed Leader of the 3rd Estate in the National Assembly.

Proposes the Civil Constitution of the Clergy that nationalizes the Church & swears in the 2 two constitutional bishops

Appointed Member of 3rd Estate

Boissy DAnglais was appointed Member of 3rd Estate.

Appointed Leader of the 3rd Estate in the National Assembly

Brissot founded the Patriote francais, using journalism to promote revolutionary political ideas.

Mirabeau protests suppression of his Journal des Etats Generaux and argues for freedom of the press.

Mirabeau protested the suppression of his Journal des Etats Generaux and defended freedom of the press.

Sieyes was elected as a Paris deputy of the Third Estate to the Estates General.

Desmoulins wrote La France Libre, a radical pamphlet attacking the political structure of the old regime.

Barere published the Point du Jour to report and interpret the proceedings of the revolutionary assemblies.

During the mobbing of the Archbishop of Paris the French Guard refuse their duties

During the mobbing of the Archbishop of Paris the French Guard refuse their duties.

During the mobbing of the Archbishop of Paris the French Guard refuse their duties

The French Guard addresses a crowd at the Palais Royal saying they will not attack

The French Guard addresses a crowd at the Palais Royal saying they will not attack.

The French Guard address a crowd at the Palais Royal saying they will not attack

The French Guard address a crowd at the Palais Royal saying they will not attack.

Lafayette draws on American declarations of rights while refining his proposed French declaration before presenting it to the Assembly.

The military Governor of Paris brings in troops to defend the French capital city. The military Governor of Paris brings in extra troops to defend the French capital

The military Governor of Paris brings in troops to defend the French capital city. The military Governor of Paris brings in extra troops to defend the French capital.

Lafayette's draft reflects principles associated with the Virginia Declaration of Rights and his experience of the American Revolution.

Olympe de Gouges addressed the Duke of Orleans while pressing her political reform agenda during the early Revolution.

Addresses the National Assembly demanding withrawal of troops called up by de Broglie

Mirabeau addressed the National Assembly demanding withrawal of troops called up by de Broglie.

Addresses the National Assembly demanding withrawal of troops called up by de Broglie

Has Neckar dismissed in order to create a stronger Government under Baron de Breteuil

Has Neckar dismissed in order to create a stronger Government under Baron de Breteuil.

A massacre takes place by the Royal-Allemand cavalry on the Place Louis XV

A massacre takes place by the Royal-Allemand cavalry on the Place Louis XV.

Parisians react to the dismissal of Neckar by gathering at the Palais Royal

Parisians react to the dismissal of Neckar by gathering at the Palais Royal.

Desmoulins addressed crowds at the Palais Royal and helped mobilize Parisians after news of Necker's dismissal.

Louis XVI took place at St Lazre, the crowd steel quantities of grain, flour and wine.

Takes place at St Lazre, the crowd steel quantities of grain, flour & wine

5 out of the 6 battalions had deserted & were prominent in the attack on the Bastille

5 out of the 6 battalions had deserted and were prominent in the attack on the Bastille.

A "citizens militia" overuns the Invalides & takes 32,000 muskets to keep order

A "citizens militia" overuns the Invalides and takes 32,000 muskets to keep order.

Brissot entered the first Paris municipal council during the political transformation following the Bastille's fall.

Takes part in the capture of the Bastille

The Parisians storm the Bastille

The fall of the Bastille is followed by a mass uproar spreading from Paris to the countryside, Noble families are attacked and aristocratic manors are burned to the ground. The Bastille surrenders to the "citizens militia"

A "citizens militia" overuns the Invalides & takes 32,000 muskets to keep order

Barras participated in the revolutionary events surrounding the storming of the Bastille in Paris.

As commander of the Paris National Guard, Lafayette ordered the demolition of the captured Bastille.

Mirabeau called for the dismissal of ministers associated with the royal military concentration around Paris.

Forced to reinstate Neckar after the fall of the Bastille

Appointed Commander of the National Guard by Louis XVI

Lafayette was appointed Commander of the National Guard by Louis XVI.

Appointed Commander of the National Guard by Louis XVI

The National Guard is commanded by Lafayette. Announces the creation of the National Guard formed from the "citizens militia"

The National Guard is commanded by Lafayette. Announces the creation of the National Guard formed from the "citizens militia".

As mayor of Paris, Bailly formally received Louis XVI at the Hotel de Ville after the fall of the Bastille.

Louis XVI visited Paris after the fall of the Bastille and publicly accepted the authority of the new municipal leadership.

Appears at the Hotel de Ville wearing the Red & Blue of Paris & the Bourbon White

Appears at the Hotel de Ville wearing the Red and Blue of Paris and the Bourbon White.

The Governor of Paris is bayonetted to death by the mob.

The Governor of Paris is bayonetted to death by the mob

Abolition of tithes reduced Church income and drew the peasantry more directly into the Revolution.

Artwork was produced and medallions struck to commemorate the event

Artwork was produced and medallions struck to commemorate the event.

Paris Mayor Jean-Sylvain Bailly declared that 'the National Assembly achieved more for the people in a few hours than the wisest and most enlightened nations had done for many centuries'.

Paris Mayor Jean-Sylvain Bailly declared that 'gthe National Assembly achieved more for the people in a few hours than the wisest and most enlightened nations had done for many centuries¿.

The August Decrees created fundamental change across the breadth of the nation. They stripped away the domination and privilege of the nobility, creating a society based on individualism, equality and merit.

The abolition of the tithe halved the income of the Church. The peasantry, previously kept at arm¿s length from the revolution, were now part of it. The Assembly¿s deputies were hailed as heroes and praised for their self sacrifice.

The response from the revolutionaries was as euphoric as the mood in the Assembly on August 4th.

Artwork was produced and medallions struck to commemorate the event

Paris Mayor Jean-Sylvain Bailly declared that 'gthe National Assembly achieved more for the people in a few hours than the wisest and most enlightened nations had done for many centuries¿.

The August Decrees abolished tithes and other privileges, drawing the peasantry more directly into the Revolution.

The August Decrees created fundamental change across the breadth of the nation. They stripped away the domination and privilege of the nobility, creating a society based on individualism, equality and merit.

The abolition of the tithe halved the income of the Church. The peasantry, previously kept at arm¿s length from the revolution, were now part of it. The Assembly¿s deputies were hailed as heroes and praised for their self sacrifice.

The response from the revolutionaries was as euphoric as the mood in the Assembly on August 4th.

Sieyes opposed immediate abolition of clerical tithes without compensation during the August debates on privilege.

Beauharnais voted for abolition of privilege, legal equality and equal eligibility for public office during the August reforms.

Any kind of tithes, as well as any substitution for them are abolished. All seigneurial justices are abolished with no compensation.

Contemporary reports described collapsing tax collection, feudal dues and local authority as unrest spread through parts of France.

It was reportedly prompted by the reading of a report on the misery and disorder which prevailed in the provinces.

Reports from the provinces described attacks on chateaux, convents and farms, reinforcing pressure for the Assembly's August reforms.

Selling judicial and municipal offices is abolished, justice should be dispensed freely & all such magistrates are to do their duty until further instructions from the National Assembly.

Selling judicial and municipal offices is abolished, justice should be dispensed freely and all such magistrates are to do their duty until further instructions from the National Assembly.

The Assembly responded to the crisis by abolishing several long-standing privileges and abuses.

The abolition of the feudal system took place during the famous night session of the National Assembly on August 4th 1789.

The report declares that 'g Letters from all the provinces indicate that property of all kinds is a prey to the most criminal violence. on all sides chateaux are being burned, convents destroyed, and farms abandoned to pillage.

This record states: The taxes, the feudal dues, all are extinct. the laws are without force, and the magistrates without authority." With the hope of pacifying and encouraging the people, the Assembly, in a fervour of enthusiasm and excitement.

This record states: straightway abolished many of the ancient abuses.

The National Assembly abolished the feudal system and judicial privileges, preparing the way for wider constitutional reforms.

Petion proposed describing Louis XVI as king of the French by consent of the nation rather than by divine grace.

Desmoulins launched his political periodical Revolutions de France et de Brabant to attack aristocracy, clergy and monarchy.

After the royal family is brought to Paris the Breton network begins meeting near the Jacobin convent in Paris

After the royal family is brought to Paris the Breton network begins meeting near the Jacobin convent in Paris.

The National cockade is said to have been trampled. Holds a party in Versailles to welcome the Flanders regiment

The National cockade is said to have been trampled. Holds a party in Versailles to welcome the Flanders regiment.

Crowds of women appear in front of the King who then accepts the August decrees

Crowds of women appear in front of the King who then accepts the August decrees

Armed women invade the Nat Assembly to punish those who trampled the National Cockade

Armed women invade the National Assembly calling for bread

Armed women invade the National Assembly calling for bread

Armed women invade the Nat Assembly to punish those who trampled the National Cockade.

Armed women invade the National Assembly calling for bread.

Crowds of women appear in front of the King who then accepts the August decrees.

Talleyrand proposed placing church property at the disposal of the nation to address the state's financial crisis.

The evolving constitutional settlement recast Louis XVI as King of the French rather than ruler solely by dynastic right.

Robespierre becomes associated with the Society of the Friends of the Constitution as radical political debate grows in Paris

Robespierre becomes associated with the Society of the Friends of the Constitution as radical political debate grows in Paris.

Louis XVI faced the Assembly's decision to place church property at the disposal of the nation as revolutionary financial reform accelerated.

Louis XVI issued letters patent giving legal effect to major August decrees that dismantled privileges and feudal institutions.

Barras joined the Jacobin political movement as his support for the Revolution became more radical.

The Society of the Friends of the Constitution becomes widely known as the Jacobin Club from its meeting place in the former Jacobin convent

The Society of the Friends of the Constitution becomes widely known as the Jacobin Club from its meeting place in the former Jacobin convent.

Joseph-Ignace Guillotin proposed the Guillotin as a "humane" method of execution to the Constituent Assembly.

Proposes the Guillotin as a "humane" method of execution to the Constituent Assembly

Proposes the Guillotin as a "humane" method of execution to the Constituent Assembly

Sieyes presented a report on press offences as the Assembly debated the limits of political expression.

Desmoulins joined the Cordeliers Club under Danton's presidency and became prominent in radical political journalism.

The Jacobin Club expands its influence through speeches correspondence and affiliated societies

The Jacobin Club expands its influence through speeches correspondence and affiliated societies.

Louis XVI declared support for constitutional reform and urged unity between the monarchy, the Assembly and the nation.

Louis XVI appeared before the Constituent Assembly and publicly affirmed his intention to support the emerging constitutional order.

Talleyrand became president of the National Assembly while supporting major institutional reforms.

Petion and other members debate constitutional monarchy representation and popular sovereignty within the club

Petion and other members debate constitutional monarchy representation and popular sovereignty within the club.

Robespierre argues against property qualifications and gains support among radical democrats in the club

Robespierre argues against property qualifications and gains support among radical democrats in the club.

Barnave argued against giving the king a decisive role in the constitutional power to make war and peace.

The constitutional settlement provided Louis XVI with a civil list to finance the royal household under the new political system.

The Assembly selected Sieyes for its presidency while constitutional drafting continued.

Louis XVI's monarchy lost the legal framework of hereditary nobility titles when the Assembly abolished them.

Radical newspapers help spread arguments also heard in the Jacobin and Cordelier political circles

Radical newspapers help spread arguments also heard in the Jacobin and Cordelier political circles.

Louis XVI received the Assembly's Civil Constitution of the Clergy, which reorganized the Catholic Church in France.

Under the Civil Constitution of the Clergy the Church becomes a State Church

Under the Civil Constitution of the Clergy the Church becomes a State Church.

Under the Civil Constitution of the Clergy the Church becomes a State Church

Under the Civil Constitution of the Clergy the Church becomes a State Church

Beauharnais personally joined preparations at the Champ de Mars for the Festival of the Federation.

Talleyrand celebrated Mass at the Festival of the Federation before the king, deputies and National Guards.

Lafayette administered the National Guard oath during the Festival of the Federation at the Champ de Mars.

Louis XVI allowed publication of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy despite serious religious and political reservations.

The Assembly chose Barnave to chair its proceedings for a term beginning in late October 1790.

Brissot uses club debate and journalism to promote revolutionary reform and a more assertive foreign policy

Brissot uses club debate and journalism to promote revolutionary reform and a more assertive foreign policy.

Louis XVI confronted the Assembly's decree requiring clergy to swear loyalty to the constitutional church settlement.

Deputies selected Petion to chair the Assembly for a term beginning in December 1790.

Louis XVI sanctioned legislation requiring constitutional oaths from clergy, deepening the religious division created by revolutionary reforms.

Talleyrand took the oath required by the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.

The title assumed by the club itself, after the promulgation of the constitution of 1791, was Soci‚t‚ des amis de la constitution s‚ants aux Jacobins … Paris

Makes a failed attempt to flee France to support emigres

Makes a failed attempt to flee France to support emigres.

Talleyrand-Perigord resigns as Bishop following his excommunication by Pope Pius VI

Escapes to England where he stays until 1814

Escapes to England where he stays until 1814.

The title assumed by the club itself, after the promulgation of the constitution of 1791, was Soci‚t‚ des amis de la constitution s‚ants aux Jacobins … Paris. Appointed Member of Jacobin Club

Appointed Member of Jacobin Club

Maximilien Francois Marie Robespierre became a member of the Jacobin Club.

Helps found the Jacobin Club. Appointed Member of Ajaccio Jacobin Club

Napoleon I helped found the Jacobin Club. Appointed Member of Ajaccio Jacobin Club.

Appointed Member of Ajaccio Jacobin Club at its foundation

Publishes Lettres sur les ouvrages et le caractere de J.-J. Rousseau

Appointed Mayor of Paris

Jerome Petion was appointed mayor of Paris.

Appointed Mayor of Paris

Army officers swear an oath of loyalty to the National Assembly

Army officers swear an oath of loyalty to the National Assembly.

Army officers swear an oath of loyalty to the National Assembly

Accused of planning another escape for Louis XVI. Accused of being employed by France's enemies after his hostility to the revolution

Accused of planning another escape for Louis XVI. Accused of being employed by France's enemies after his hostility to the revolution.

Uses the crisis to question whether France can safely retain Louis XVI as king

Uses the crisis to question whether France can safely retain Louis XVI as king.

Denounces the attempted royal flight as evidence of court hostility to the Revolution

Denounces the attempted royal flight as evidence of court hostility to the Revolution.

Attacks the king's veto and supports stronger popular pressure after the Varennes crisis

Attacks the king's veto and supports stronger popular pressure after the Varennes crisis.

Publishes the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen

Publishes the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen.

The Jacobin Club adopts the name Society of the Friends of the Constitution sitting at the Jacobins in Paris

Addresses her declaration to Marie Antoinette

Olympe Gouges addressed her declaration to Marie Antoinette.

Appointed Minister of Marine under Louis XVI

Maximilien Francois Marie Robespierre opposed Brissotin arguments for revolutionary war.

Opposes Brissotin arguments for revolutionary war

Pierre-Victurnien Vergniaud supported the emerging Girondin argument for war against counter-revolutionary powers.

Supports the emerging Girondin argument for war against counter-revolutionary powers

Barnave defended the Jacobin Club against constitutional monarchist rivals during a major political dispute.

The Jacobin Club becomes a forum where doubts about monarchy and royal trust increasingly appear

The Jacobin Club becomes a forum where doubts about monarchy and royal trust increasingly appear.

Mirabeau was chosen for the administration of the Paris department while remaining a major constitutional figure.

Elected president of the National Assembly

Honore Gabriel Mirabeau was elected president of the National Assembly.

Sieyes presented a report supporting religious toleration during the final phase of the Constituent Assembly.

Dies in Paris, weakening moderate constitutional monarchy politics

Dies in Paris, weakening moderate constitutional monarchy politics.

Mirabeau received a major public funeral and was interred in the newly designated Pantheon after his death.

Excommunicated by Pope Pius VI after consecrating constitutional bishops

Louis XVI complained to the Assembly after crowds prevented his planned departure for Saint-Cloud.

Robespierre successfully argued that members of the Constituent Assembly should not sit in the next legislature.

Desmoulins attacks the royal flight in revolutionary journalism and supports stronger popular action

Desmoulins attacks the royal flight in revolutionary journalism and supports stronger popular action.

Brissot uses the crisis to question whether France can safely retain Louis XVI as king

Brissot uses the crisis to question whether France can safely retain Louis XVI as king.

Marat denounces the attempted flight as proof that the court remains hostile to the Revolution

Marat denounces the attempted flight as proof that the court remains hostile to the Revolution.

Sponsors the law suppressing workers' guilds and combinations

Sponsors the law suppressing workers' guilds and combinations.

Beauharnais became president of the National Assembly during the crisis created by the royal flight.

Axel von Fersen helps organise the escape and provides practical support for the royal family

Axel von Fersen helps organise the escape and provides practical support for the royal family.

Hans Axel Fersen Count Fersen helped organize the royal family's escape from Paris.

Helps organize the royal family's escape from Paris

Breteuil supports the royal plan and expects foreign and royalist backing if the king reaches safety

Breteuil supports the royal plan and expects foreign and royalist backing if the king reaches safety.

Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier Breteuil Baron de Breteuil supported the royal escape plan and expects foreign and royalist backing if the king reaches safety.

Supports the royal escape plan and expects foreign and royalist backing if the king reaches safety

Louis XVI travelled in disguise during the attempted escape, while the royal party used false identities.

Commands the escort that takes Louis XVI from Paris to Varennes

Commands the escort that takes Louis XVI from Paris to Varennes.

After the kings flight to Varennes Robespierre and other Jacobins question the future of constitutional monarchy

After the kings flight to Varennes Robespierre and other Jacobins question the future of constitutional monarchy.

Lafayette sends orders and faces accusations after the royal family escapes from his guard

Lafayette sends orders and faces accusations after the royal family escapes from his guard.

Madame Elisabeth returns to captivity in the Tuileries after the Varennes episode

Madame Elisabeth returns to captivity in the Tuileries after the Varennes episode.

Louis XVI returns to Paris under guard and his credibility as constitutional monarch is badly damaged

Louis XVI returns to Paris under guard and his credibility as constitutional monarch is badly damaged.

Returns to Paris under guard with his credibility as constitutional monarch badly damaged

Returns to Paris under guard with his credibility as constitutional monarch badly damaged.

Marie Antoinette returns to the Tuileries under guard after the failed flight to Varennes

Marie Antoinette returns to the Tuileries under guard after the failed flight to Varennes.

Returns to the Tuileries under guard after the failed flight to Varennes

Returns to the Tuileries under guard after the failed flight to Varennes.

Marie Therese Charlotte returns to Paris with the royal family after the failed escape

Marie Therese Charlotte returns to Paris with the royal family after the failed escape.

Returns to Paris with the royal family after the failed escape

Returns to Paris with the royal family after the failed escape.

Louis XVI and his family returned to Paris under guard after the failed flight to Varennes.

Louis XVI returned to Paris under armed guard after the failed flight to Varennes.

The Constituent Assembly suspended Louis XVI from exercising royal functions after his return from Varennes.

Publishes Sur l'admission des femmes au droit de cite

Louis XVI was restored to the throne under the Constitution.

Reinstated to the throne of France

Deputies debated whether Louis XVI remained constitutionally inviolable after Varennes, exposing deep disagreement over the future of monarchy.

Barnave defended royal inviolability and constitutional monarchy after the Flight to Varennes.

The Assembly continued Louis XVI's suspension until the completed Constitution could be formally presented to him.

Adrien Duport joined the Feuillant split after the Varennes crisis.

Joins the Feuillant split after the Varennes crisis

Alexandre Lameth joined the moderate constitutional monarchist Feuillant Club.

Joins the moderate constitutional monarchist Feuillant Club

Charles Lameth joined the Feuillant split from the Jacobin Club.

Joins the Feuillant split from the Jacobin Club

Moderate constitutional monarchists leave the Jacobin Club and form the Feuillant Club after the crisis over the king

Moderate constitutional monarchists leave the Jacobin Club and form the Feuillant Club after the crisis over the king.

Antoine Pierre Joseph Marie Barnave joined moderate constitutional monarchists who leave the Jacobin Club for the Feuillants.

Joins moderate constitutional monarchists who leave the Jacobin Club for the Feuillants

The Champ de Mars massacre deepens the division between moderate constitutionalists and more radical Jacobins

The Champ de Mars massacre deepens the division between moderate constitutionalists and more radical Jacobins.

The massacre deepens the split between radical Jacobins and moderate constitutionalists

The massacre deepens the split between radical Jacobins and moderate constitutionalists.

Lafayette commanded National Guard forces during the violent suppression of the republican petitioners at the Champ de Mars.

Beauharnais was elected again as president of the National Assembly after his calm handling of the Varennes crisis.

Olympe de Gouges addresses the Declaration of the Rights of Woman to her

Olympe de Gouges addresses the Declaration of the Rights of Woman to her.

Talleyrand presented a national public education plan during the final phase of the Constituent Assembly.

Olympe de Gouges answers the male-centered political order with a Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen.

Participates in the constitutional settlement that establishes a limited monarchy

Participates in the constitutional settlement that establishes a limited monarchy.

The completed Constitution established the framework within which Louis XVI could resume authority as a constitutional monarch.

The completed Constitution of 1791 is presented as France's new constitutional settlement

The completed Constitution of 1791 is presented as France's new constitutional settlement.

The 1789 Declaration is placed at the head of the Constitution of 1791 as its statement of fundamental principles.

Louis XVI formally accepted the Constitution, enabling the restoration of his constitutional executive functions.

Brissot was elected a Paris deputy to the Legislative Assembly and joined its diplomatic debates.

Accepts the Constitution of 1791

Louis Charles Bourbon accepted the Constitution of 1791.

Louis XVI accepted the Constitution of 1791.

Louis XVI swore fidelity to the Constitution and accepted the limited powers of the new constitutional monarchy.

Louis XVI resumed constitutional executive functions after accepting and swearing fidelity to the Constitution.

At the Constituent Assembly's close, crowds singled out Petion and Robespierre for a public ovation.

Crowds acclaimed Robespierre at the close of the Constituent Assembly, reflecting his growing popular reputation.

Carnot proposed demolishing internal citadels, arguing that fortresses could become instruments of tyranny against a free people.

Armand Gensonne took his seat in the Legislative Assembly.

Takes his seat in the Legislative Assembly

Maximin Isnard took his seat in the Legislative Assembly.

Takes his seat in the Legislative Assembly

Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud took his seat in the Legislative Assembly.

Takes his seat in the Legislative Assembly

Louis XVI began relations with the new Legislative Assembly created by the Constitution of 1791.

Vergniaud argued that parliamentary language should abandon the royal forms of address 'Sire' and 'Majesty'.

Lafayette resigned command of the Paris National Guard after completion of the Constitution and withdrew from Paris politics.

Vergniaud was elected vice-president of the Legislative Assembly as his influence among the left increased.

Vergniaud became president of the Legislative Assembly during disputes over emigres and royal authority.

Bailly resigned as mayor of Paris after his popularity collapsed following the Champ de Mars violence.

Louis XVI used his suspensive veto against legislation targeting émigrés, intensifying suspicion of the monarchy's political intentions.

Elected mayor of Paris after Bailly's resignation

Jerome Petion was elected mayor of Paris after Bailly's resignation.

Carnot joined the Legislative Assembly's military committee and became influential in questions of army organization.

Carnot challenged a model of absolute passive obedience and argued for reasoned military obedience away from the battlefield.

Brissot and allied members argue that war can spread revolutionary principles and expose internal enemies

Brissot and allied members argue that war can spread revolutionary principles and expose internal enemies.

Louis XVI addressed the Legislative Assembly on the threat posed by émigré forces gathering under protection of German princes.

Vetoes the Legislative Assemblys Decree against priests

Vetoes decrees against refractory priests and emigres

Louis XVI vetoed legislation directed against refractory priests, worsening conflict with deputies who viewed clerical resistance as counter-revolutionary.

In the National Convention demands the abolition of the Monarchy

In the National Convention demands the abolition of the Monarchy.

Captures Mainz & advances as far as Frankfurt

Vetoes the law regarding emigres, Louis is accused of undermining the Constitution

Appointed Member of Convention for Paris

Boissy DAnglais became a member of the National Convention.

Appointed Member of Convention for Paris

Appointed Member of Convention for Paris

Maximilien Francois Marie Robespierre became a Convention deputy for Paris.

Appointed Member of Convention for Paris

Appointed Member of Convention for Paris

Appointed Member of Convention for Paris

Appointed Member of Convention for Paris

Roger Ducos became a Convention deputy for Paris.

Dismissed as Mayor, reducing patriot influence in Paris

Dismissed as Mayor, reducing patriot influence in Paris.

Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne proposed that defense counsel be denied and votes for execution "within 24 hours".

Proposes that defense counsel be denied & votes for execution "within 24 hours"

Pierre-Joseph Cambon voted for the execution of Louis XVI.

Votes for the execution of Louis XVI

Leads a pro-war faction in the Jacobin Party & founds the Girondins

The collective name "Girondins" is used to describe a "a loosely knit group of French deputies who contested the Montagnards for control of the National Convention".

The name itself was bestowed not by any of its alleged members but from the Montagnards, "who claimed as early as April 1792 that a counterrevolutionary faction had coalesced around deputies of the department of the Gironde.

They were never an official organization or political party.

Leads a pro-war faction in the Jacobin Party & founds the Girondins

Leads a pro-war faction in the Jacobin Party and founds the Girondins.

The collective name "Girondins" is used to describe a "a loosely knit group of French deputies who contested the Montagnards for control of the National Convention".

The name itself was bestowed not by any of its alleged members but from the Montagnards, "who claimed as early as April 1792 that a counterrevolutionary faction had coalesced around deputies of the department of the Gironde.

They were never an official organization or political party.

Madame Roland and her husband defected from the Jacobins in early 1792 and, with Jacques-Pierre Brissot, formed the moderate Girondin party

Madame Roland, whose salon became a gathering place, had a powerful influence on the spirit and policy of the Girondins

Madame Roland and her husband defected from the Jacobins in early 1792 and, with Jacques-Pierre Brissot, formed the moderate Girondin party

Madame Roland and her husband defected from the Jacobins in early 1792 and, with Jacques-Pierre Brissot, formed the moderate Girondin party.

Madame Roland, whose salon became a gathering place, had a powerful influence on the spirit and policy of the Girondins

Madame Roland, whose salon became a gathering place, had a powerful influence on the spirit and policy of the Girondins.

Girondin leader Jacques-Pierre Brissot proposed an ambitious military plan to spread the Revolution internationally, thus the Girondins were the war party in 1792¿1793

Girondin leader Jacques-Pierre Brissot proposed an ambitious military plan to spread the Revolution internationally, thus the Girondins were the war party in 1792'1793.

Girondin leader Jacques-Pierre Brissot proposed an ambitious military plan to spread the Revolution internationally, thus the Girondins were the war party in 1792¿1793

After the fall of the monarchy Robespierre became a central figure in the Jacobin Club, and his faction in the National Convention, assembled in the fall of 1792, became known as Jacobins

Supports the condemnation of Louis XVI to death for treason:"It is with regret that I pronounce, the fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred thousand virtuous citizens; Louis must die, that the country may live".

The Jacobins assumed more and more power during the spring of 1793, with the support of the Parisian mob, which overawed the Convention, culminating in a coup at the end of May.

They were at first a minority, also called "the Mountain" (Montagnards), because they sat together in the higher seats in the Conventions hall.

Vetoes the law regarding emigres, Louis is accused of undermining the Constitution

Appointed Minister of the Interior

Appointed Minister of the Interior

Marie-Jeanne Phlippon was associated with the Ministry of the Interior through her husband's office.

In the National Convention demands the abolition of the Monarchy

After the fall of the monarchy Robespierre became a central figure in the Jacobin Club, and his faction in the National Convention, assembled in the fall of 1792, became known as Jacobins

Appointed National Convention

Paul Francois Barras was elected to the National Convention.

Appointed National Convention

Appointed Leader of the Mountain Party

Maximilien Francois Marie Robespierre became a leading figure of the Mountain.

Secures a decree taking property of the Church & nobility in conquered territories

Secures a decree taking property of the Church and nobility in conquered territories.

The King's Guard is dissolved & replaced by 20,000 volunteer National Guards

The King's Guard is dissolved and replaced by 20,000 volunteer National Guards.

Proposes that defense counsel be denied & votes for execution "within 24 hours"

Participates in the Convention for the trial of Louis XVI

Participates in the Convention for the trial of Louis XVI.

Pierre Roger Ducos voted for the death of Louis XVI without appeal or delay.

Votes for the death of Louis XVI without appeal or delay

Brissot pressed for a firm response to Austria and became a leading advocate of revolutionary war.

Robespierre warns in the club that war may strengthen generals and endanger the Revolution

Robespierre warns in the club that war may strengthen generals and endanger the Revolution.

Brissotins and future Girondins remain influential in the Jacobin network before later conflict with the Mountain

Brissotins and future Girondins remain influential in the Jacobin network before later conflict with the Mountain.

Louis XVI appointed ministers associated with the Girondins as pressure grew for a more confrontational foreign policy.

Louis XVI formally proposed war against the King of Bohemia and Hungary, and the Legislative Assembly approved the declaration.

Jacobins and Girondins debate the war after France declares war on Austria

Jacobins and Girondins debate the war after France declares war on Austria.

The Jacobins assumed more and more power during the spring of 1793, with the support of the Parisian mob, which overawed the Convention, culminating in a coup at the end of May

The Jacobins assumed more and more power during the spring of 1793, with the support of the Parisian mob, which overawed the Convention, culminating in a coup at the end of May

Gets the Assembly to pass a law exiling refractory priest

Gets the Assembly to pass a law exiling refractory priest.

Gets the Assembly to pass a law exiling refractory priest

Louis XVI vetoed the decree establishing a camp of twenty thousand provincial fédérés near Paris.

Louis XVI replaced dismissed Girondin ministers with a ministry associated more closely with constitutional monarchists.

Lafayette secretly sought an armistice with Austria.

Secretly seeks an armistice with Austria

Louis XVI refused to sanction legislation providing for the deportation of refractory priests accused of encouraging counter-revolution.

Resigns after Louis vetos a law to dissolve the King's Guard

Resigns after Louis vetos a law to dissolve the King's Guard.

Louis XVI dismissed leading Girondin ministers after disputes over his vetoes and the conduct of revolutionary government.

Vetos the law to dissolve the King's Guard

Vetos the law to dissolve the King's Guard.

Forced to wear the Bonnet Rouge, emblem of the Revolution

Forced to wear the Bonnet Rouge, emblem of the Revolution.

Dissolves the Paris demonstrations

Jerome Petion dissolved the Paris demonstrations.

Demonstrators entered the Tuileries on the anniversary of the Tennis Court Oath and demanded changes to royal vetoes and ministers.

Louis XVI took place on the anniversary of the Tennis Court Oath and the Flight to Varennes. Listens to demands for new laws on priests and federes and to recall ministers. Dons the cap of liberty.

Takes place on the anniversary of the Tennis Court Oath & the Flight to Varennes. Listens to demands for new laws on priests & federes & to recall ministers. Dons the cap of liberty

One of the Deputies who defends Louis XVI from the mob

One of the Deputies who defends Louis XVI from the mob.

One of the Deputies who defends Louis XVI from the mob

As mayor of Paris, Petion tried to limit the crowd invasion of the Tuileries during the demonstration of 20 June.

Appears at the bar of the Assembly & demands the dissolution of the Jacobins

Appears at the bar of the Assembly and demands the dissolution of the Jacobins.

Raises a force from the National Guard to march on the Jacobins but fails

Raises a force from the National Guard to march on the Jacobins but fails.

Brissot delivered a major speech attacking enemies of the Constitution and criticizing the royal court.

Vergniaud argued that the Constitution allowed the king to be treated as having abdicated if he failed to resist armed enemies.

The Brunswick Manifesto threatened Paris if the royal family were harmed, further damaging confidence in Louis XVI.

Carnot supported distributing large numbers of muskets and pikes to National Guards during the crisis of 1792.

Lazare Nicholas Marguerite Carnot was sent to inspect the Army of the Rhine and to purge the Army.

Sent to inspect the Army of the Rhine & to purge the Army

Danton appointed Desmoulins as a secretary in the Ministry of Justice after the August insurrection.

Demands for the deposition of Louis XVI intensified as Parisian sections challenged the survival of constitutional monarchy.

Georges Jacques Danton organized the rising that overthrows the monarchy.

Organizes the rising that overthrows the monarchy

Desmoulins worked with Danton and militants of the Theatre-Francais district during the insurrection against the monarchy.

Barras supported the revolutionary movement that overthrew the monarchy during the August insurrection.

Organizes the rising that overthrows the monarchy

The Tuileries is stormed by the Paris mob, Lafayette surrenders to Austria

The Tuileries is stormed by the Paris mob, Lafayette surrenders to Austria.

The fall of the monarchy after the insurrection of 10 August strengthens radical clubs and sections in Paris

The fall of the monarchy after the insurrection of 10 August strengthens radical clubs and sections in Paris.

Danton became minister of justice after the overthrow of the monarchy during the August insurrection.

Louis XVI and the royal family left the Tuileries and sought protection inside the Legislative Assembly.

Lafayette enters Austrian custody after crossing the frontier.

Lafayette is detained by Austria after leaving revolutionary France.

The Tuileries is stormed by the Paris mob

Lafayette crosses the border & surrenders to Austria

Lafayette crosses the border and surrenders to Austria.

The Legislative Assembly suspended Louis XVI and transferred executive authority to a provisional ministerial council.

Napoleon witnessed the revolutionary crisis surrounding the assault on the Tuileries while he was in Paris.

Louis is imprisoned in the Temple with his family

Louis is imprisoned in the Temple with his family.

Appointed Member of National Convention

Lazare Nicholas Marguerite Carnot became a member of the National Convention.

Appointed Member of National Convention

Olympe de Gouges aligned herself with moderate Girondin politics after the fall of the monarchy.

Suspected "traitors" of the Revolution are massacred

Suspected "traitors" of the Revolution are massacred.

Appointed Member of National Convention

Appointed Member of National Convention

Danton urged bold national resistance as enemy armies advanced and Paris faced an acute military crisis.

Barere was elected to the National Convention and generally aligned with the Plain before joining emergency government.

Eure-et-Loir chose Brissot for the Convention, where he became one of the best-known Girondin leaders.

Robespierre was elected to the National Convention and took his place among the Montagnards.

Gironde electors returned Vergniaud to national office, sending the prominent orator to the new Convention.

Danton was elected to the National Convention for Paris after serving as justice minister.

Carnot was elected to the National Convention for Pas-de-Calais while engaged in military organization.

Billaud-Varenne was elected to the National Convention for Paris and sat with the Mountain.

Paris voters sent Desmoulins to the Convention, where he took his seat with the Montagnards.

At the National Convention argues successfully for immediate abolition of the monarchy

At the National Convention argues successfully for immediate abolition of the monarchy.

The 1st session of the National Convention abolishes the monarchy.

The National Convention abolished royalty in France, formally ending Louis XVI's kingship.

Renamed to the Societe des Jacobins, amis de la liberte et de legalite

At the National Convention argues successfully for immediate abolition of the monarchy

The National Convention abolishes monarchy and Jacobin deputies become central to republican politics

The National Convention abolishes monarchy and Jacobin deputies become central to republican politics.

The new French Republic creates a political setting in which the Jacobin Club becomes more openly republican

The new French Republic creates a political setting in which the Jacobin Club becomes more openly republican.

The 1st session of the National Convention abolishes the monarchy

The 1st session of the National Convention abolishes the monarchy.

1st session of the National Convention abolishes the monarchy

1st session of the National Convention abolishes the monarchy.

Saint-Just enters national politics and becomes associated with the radical Jacobin Mountain

Saint-Just enters national politics and becomes associated with the radical Jacobin Mountain.

Saint-Just used his first major Convention speech to argue that Louis XVI should be treated as an enemy rather than an ordinary citizen.

Captures Brussels

The Convention placed Barere in the presidential chair as proceedings against Louis XVI moved toward formal trial.

Robespierre supported the death sentence for Louis XVI, arguing that the former king had betrayed the nation.

Supports the condemnation of Louis XVI to death for treason:"It is with regret that I pronounce, the fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred thousand virtuous citizens; Louis must die, that the country may live"

Supports the condemnation of Louis XVI to death for treason:"It is with regret that I pronounce, the fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred thousand virtuous citizens; Louis must die, that the country may live"

Supports the condemnation of Louis XVI to death for treason:"It is with regret that I pronounce, the fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred thousand virtuous citizens; Louis must die, that the country may live"

Olympe de Gouges publicly opposed escalating revolutionary violence and criticized the politics associated with the Terror.

Supports the condemnation of Louis XVI to death for treason:"It is with regret that I pronounce, the fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred thousand virtuous citizens; Louis must die, that the country may live"

Supports the condemnation of Louis XVI to death for treason:"It is with regret that I pronounce, the fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred thousand virtuous citizens; Louis must die, that the country may live"

The National Convention decided that Louis XVI would be tried by the Convention itself.

The Convention received a report setting out accusations against Louis XVI before his formal interrogation.

Louis XVI appeared before the Convention and answered questions concerning the charges brought against him.

As Convention president, Barere presided during proceedings in which Louis XVI was questioned by the deputies.

Louis XVI requested legal assistance after hearing the charges presented against him by the Convention.

Louis XVI appeared before the Convention while Raymond de Sèze presented the principal legal defense against the charges.

Louis XVI addressed the Convention after his defense and denied intending to shed the blood of the French people.

Arrested alongside her husband, Louis XVI, & children

Marie-Antoinette was arrested alongside her husband, Louis XVI, and children.

Appointed Member of Committee of Public Safety

Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes became a member of the Committee of Public Safety.

Appointed Member of Committee of Public Safety

Carried out by the French Committee of Public Safety

Carried out by the French Committee of Public Safety.

Appointed Member of Committee of Public Safety

Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne became a member of the Committee of Public Safety.

Appointed Member of Committee of Public Safety

Guillotined for failing to drive the Austrians out of Eastern France

Guillotined for failing to drive the Austrians out of Eastern France.

Appointed Member of Directory

Declares the doctrine of France's natural frontiers

Georges Jacques Danton declared the doctrine of France's natural frontiers.

Guillotined for failing to drive the Austrians out of Eastern France

The Austrians capture Brussels, Dumouriez is accused of treason & flees to the Allies

The Austrians capture Brussels, Dumouriez is accused of treason and flees to the Allies.

Placed in charge of organisation & direction of the armies

Placed in charge of organisation & direction of the armies

Brings the extremist phase of the revolution to an end

Brings the extremist phase of the revolution to an end.

Brings the extremist phase of the revolution to an end

Defeats a rebellion in Paris on 13 Vendemiare & establishes the Directory

Defeats a rebellion in Paris on 13 Vendemiare & establishes the Directory

Raises the 1st ever compulsory national conscription. Carried out by the French Committee of Public Safety

Raises the 1st ever compulsory national conscription. Carried out by the French Committee of Public Safety.

Raises the Levee En Masse conscripting the entire male population of France, August. Creates 14 armies from untrained recruits

Raises the Levee En Masse conscripting the entire male population of France, August. Creates 14 armies from untrained recruits.

Prussian forces retake Mainz

The Austrians capture Brussels, Dumouriez is accused of treason & flees to the Allies

Lazare Nicholas Marguerite Carnot voted for the immediate execution of Louis XVI.

Votes for the immediate execution of Louis XVI

Votes for the immediate execution of Louis XVI

Tried & found guilty before the Convention

Tried and found guilty before the Convention.

Lazare Nicholas Marguerite Carnot voted for the death of Louis XVI without delay.

Vergniaud took the Convention's presidential chair during the decisive January phase of Louis XVI's trial.

Saint-Just argues that the former king must be judged as an enemy of the people and the Revolution

Saint-Just argues that the former king must be judged as an enemy of the people and the Revolution.

The Convention rejected a proposal to submit the judgment against Louis XVI to popular ratification.

The Convention voted overwhelmingly that Louis XVI was guilty of conspiracy against public liberty and the security of the state.

Louis XVI was sentenced to death.

Sentenced to death

Sentenced to death

Louis XVI was sentenced to death.

The Convention completed the decisive vote that condemned Louis XVI to death.

Barras voted for the death of Louis XVI without an appeal to the people or a suspension of sentence.

The appeal against Louis death sentence is turned down

The appeal against Louis death sentence is turned down.

The appeal against Louis death sentence is turned down

The Convention rejected a proposed delay in carrying out the death sentence imposed on Louis XVI.

After the execution, Louis XVI's remains were buried in the Madeleine Cemetery in Paris.

Louis XVI was sent to the giuillotine in the Place de la Revolution, now the Place de la Concorde.

Sent to the giuillotine in the Place de la Revolution, now the Place de la Concorde

Sent to the giuillotine in the Place de la Revolution, now the Place de la Concorde

The execution of Louis XVI intensifies conflict between Jacobins Girondins and foreign enemies of the Republic