Rome in History

Captures control of Rome

Otto II completes the capture of Rome where Benedict V had deposed Leo VIII

Otto II completes the capture of Rome where Benedict V had deposed Leo VIII

Rome is captured by Henry IV

Captures Rome

Nearly captures Rome

Nearly captures Rome

Captures Rome

Recognized by Pope Gregory X after he renounces Imperial Rights in Rome

Henry fights opponents in Rome and is crowned emperor at the Lateran amid continuing conflict in the city.

Marsilius supports Louis IV's campaign against papal claims

Captures Rome from the Papacy

Louis IV enters Rome during his conflict with Pope John XXII

Louis IV is crowned emperor in Rome without papal approval

Louis declares John XXII deposed during the Roman confrontation

Louis IV supports Nicholas V against Pope John XXII

Becomes the last emperor crowned in Rome by a pope.

Crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome by Pope Nicholas V.

Albrecht sues Luther in Rome

Luther is summoned to Rome on a charge of heresy for implying the Pope is fallible. Luther is forced to deny the divine authority of the Church

Issues the bull against Luther, whom Frederick refuses to surrender.

Signs the Reich Concordat with Cardinal Pacelli, regulating relations between Nazi Germany and the Holy See.

Oversees Axis air and supply efforts while the El Alamein battle strains North African logistics.

The Germans capture Rome after the surrender of the Italian Government to the Allies

German troops occupy Rome

Mussolini begs Hitler not to withdraw from Rome without a fight but is ignored

Signs the Euratom Treaty for West Germany at the Rome ceremony.

Signs the Treaty of Rome for West Germany and supports deeper integration with France and the Benelux states.

Signs the Treaty of Rome for the Federal Republic of Germany and supports deeper European economic integration.

Signs the Treaty of Rome for the Federal Republic of Germany alongside Chancellor Konrad Adenauer.

Signs the Treaty of Rome for West Germany and helps guide the treaty through German political debate.

Signs the Treaty of Rome for the Federal Republic of Germany and commits Germany to the new European Economic Community.

Signs the Treaty of Rome alongside Adenauer after helping shape Germany's negotiating position on European integration.

The Federal Republic deposits its instrument of ratification with Italy after completing the constitutional approval process.

Delivers the late corner from which Horst Hrubesch heads West Germany's winning goal against Belgium.

Scores both West German goals, including the late winner, in the 2-1 European Championship final victory over Belgium.

Captains West Germany to its third World Cup title.

Becomes a World Cup winner as manager after previously lifting the trophy as captain.

Scores the late penalty that gives West Germany victory over Argentina in the final.

Represents Germany as leaders advance preparations for the second stage of economic and monetary union.

Supports work on the timetable and institutional design for economic and monetary union.

Supports opening treaty negotiations on political union alongside the parallel conference on monetary union.

Backs simultaneous negotiations on political union and economic and monetary union.

Represents Germany as the intergovernmental conference opens negotiations on a constitutional treaty for Europe.

Signs the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe for Germany.

Signs the European Constitutional Treaty alongside Chancellor Gerhard Schroder.

Germany deposits its instrument of ratification for the Treaty of Lisbon with the Italian government.