Cambridge in History

Walpole matriculates at King's College, Cambridge

Publishes a paper proposing that sufficiently massive stars could have escape velocities exceeding the speed of light, an important precursor to the black hole concept.

Palmerston studies at St John's College, Cambridge (1803'g1806)

Appointed Lieutenant-Colonel Commander of the Romsey Volunteers

Obtains First Class honours

Palmerston was defeated in the election for the University of Cambridge constituency

Palmerston stood again for the Cambridge seat in May but he lost by three votes after he advised his supporters to vote for the other Tory candidate in the two-member constituency so as to ensure a Tory was elected

Enters Trinity College, Cambridge

Awarded the Chancellors Gold Medal at Cambridge for one of his first pieces, "Timbuctoo"

Independently calculates a possible planet disturbing Uranus's orbit.

Establishes the temperature dependence of electron emission from heated metals, foundational for vacuum-tube electronics.

Develops the expansion cloud chamber, allowing tracks of fast charged particles including electrons to be photographed.

Formulates the mathematical law governing X-ray diffraction by crystals.

Photographs tracks made by charged particles in a cloud chamber.

Makes invisible ionizing radiation paths directly observable.

Connects diffraction angles with atomic plane spacing.

Extends the formal logical system developed with Bertrand Russell.

Completes their major attempt to derive mathematics from formal logic.

Finds evidence that neon atoms occur with different masses.

Uses positive rays to reveal the element's isotopic composition.

Co-publishes the third volume of Principia Mathematica.

Publishes the third volume of Principia Mathematica with Whitehead.

Determines the arrangement of atoms within sodium chloride crystals.

Applies X-ray diffraction to reveal a crystal's internal structure.

Enters Cambridge as a freshman, Trinity College

Mass spectrograph work supports isotope studies of heavy elements.

Eddington publishes influential expositions that spread general relativity among English speaking scientists

Eddington discusses relativistic world models and helps bring expanding universe ideas into wider debate

With Lothar Nordheim, explains electron emission from metals in strong electric fields as quantum tunnelling.

Formulates a relativistic quantum equation for the electron that naturally incorporates spin and implies antimatter states.

Enters Trinity College, Cambridge, as an Entrance Scholar to study classics.

Develops a quantum treatment of electron scattering by atoms that includes electron spin and relativistic effects.

Wins a Craven Scholarship while studying classics at Trinity College, Cambridge.

Receives a Browne Medal during an exceptionally successful undergraduate career in classics.

Wins the Porson Prize for Greek verse composition during his studies at Cambridge.

Hoyle entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, to study mathematics.

Receives a Craven Travelling Studentship and continues advanced research in classical scholarship.

Graduates from Trinity College with first-class honours in classics after an outstanding academic performance.

Is elected to a Prize Fellowship at Trinity College and continues research on Herodotus and Thucydides.

Collates manuscripts of Thucydides as part of the textual research that occupies much of his early scholarly career.

Hoyle completed his undergraduate mathematics studies at the University of Cambridge.

Publishes The Rendel Harris Papyri of Woodbrooke College with translations and scholarly notes.

Receives his Master of Arts degree from Cambridge while continuing his classical scholarship.

Hoyle began research in theoretical physics under Rudolf Peierls before working with Paul Dirac.

Hoyle submitted research on beta transitions in a Coulomb field for scientific review.

Publishes A Lexicon to Herodotus, a major work of classical scholarship that establishes his academic reputation.

Marries Barbara Clark, who remains his wife throughout his scientific career.

Publishes his scholarly edition of Herodotus Book VIII through Cambridge University Press.

Publishes The History of Herodotus shortly before returning from Australia after the outbreak of war.

Hoyle became a Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.

Hoyle began collaborating with Raymond Lyttleton on stellar evolution and the interaction between stars and interstellar matter.

Hoyle and Lyttleton developed an influential model for gravitational accretion of interstellar material by moving stars.

Birth of Syd Barrett, later founder, singer, guitarist and early songwriter of Pink Floyd

Death of Arthur Eddington

Hoyle returned to Cambridge as an assistant lecturer in mathematics.

Hoyle advanced the view that carbon and heavier elements are produced through nuclear reactions inside stars.

Hoyle published foundational work arguing that stars could synthesize elements from hydrogen.

Birth of Roger Keith "Syd" Barrett

Birth of David Gilmour, later guitarist and vocalist with Pink Floyd

Studies neurology and physiology while reconsidering how learning and brain organisation might inform machine intelligence.

Uses continuous creation of matter to preserve constant cosmic density in steady state cosmology.

Hoyle formulated a field theory in which matter creation maintained the density of an expanding steady-state universe.

Develops the steady state alternative to evolving-universe cosmology with Bondi and Gold.

Bondi formulates the steady state model in which the universe has no beginning in time

Gold helps formulate the steady state model as a rival to Big Bang cosmology

Hoyle, Bondi, and Gold developed related steady-state cosmologies while exchanging ideas in Cambridge.

Sciama promotes Machs principle and gravitational theory questions that shape British relativity research

Predicts the excited carbon-12 resonance needed for efficient stellar carbon production.

Hoyle published a major analysis of nuclear reactions producing elements from carbon through nickel in very hot stars.

Publishes work explaining how heavy elements are built inside stars.

Hoyle explained how a resonant nuclear state permits efficient carbon production from helium inside stars.

Produces early radio maps of M31 with the Cambridge Radio Astronomy Group, revealing the galaxy as an extended radio source rather than a single point.

Leads development of practical scanning electron microscopes with improved detectors and electronic imaging systems.

Coauthors Synthesis of the Elements in Stars, a landmark paper on stellar nucleosynthesis.

Publishes the B2FH stellar nucleosynthesis paper with Burbidge, Burbidge and Fowler.

Hoyle coauthored the B2FH paper identifying nuclear processes responsible for producing chemical elements in stars.

Hoyle became Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy at Cambridge.

Hoyle and Jayant Narlikar examined radio-source counts as a test of steady-state cosmology.

Predicts that paired electrons can tunnel coherently between superconductors, producing the Josephson effects.

Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe proposed graphite particles as an important component of interstellar dust.

Hoyle and Richard Tayler argued that stellar processes alone could not explain the observed cosmic helium abundance.

Develops an alternative theory of gravitation with Jayant Narlikar addressing inertia and cosmology.

Uses the Hoyle-Narlikar theory to incorporate Mach's principle into gravitation.

Hoyle and Narlikar published a gravitational theory incorporating Machian ideas about inertia.

Hoyle and Narlikar linked time-symmetric electrodynamics with the cosmological arrow of time.

Barrett co-founds Pink Floyd with Waters, Mason and Wright, consisting of the first names of Pink Anderson and Floyd Council

Hoyle reviewed contemporary cosmological observations and defended alternatives to finite-age universe models.

Hoyle and Geoffrey Burbidge examined energetic models for quasars and their observed redshifts.

Hoyle collaborated on interpreting the emission-line spectra of quasi-stellar objects.

Traditionally, the heir to the throne would go straight into the military after finishing school, however, in a break with tradition, Charles attends university at Trinity College, Cambridge

Hoyle founded Cambridge's Institute of Theoretical Astronomy and became its first director.

Becomes founding director of Cambridge's Institute of Theoretical Astronomy.

Hewish leads the radio astronomy group that identifies pulsars as a new astronomical class

Hoyle and Wickramasinghe published further work on the physical properties of interstellar grains.

Hoyle, Hubert Reeves, and Fowler examined cosmic-ray production of lithium, beryllium, and boron in stars.

Hoyle and Geoffrey Burbidge studied radio-galaxy source counts and redshift distributions as cosmological tests.

Hawking proves singularity theorems showing that spacetime singularities are generic in general relativity

Charles studies history, earning a 2:2 (lower second class) Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree making him the third member of the Royal Family to earn a university degree

Hoyle's tenure as Cambridge's Plumian Professor ended.

Hoyle retired from his formal Cambridge posts after disputes over university science policy.

Syd plays an unannounced gig at King's College Cellar, Cambridge, with him are Twink and Eddie "Guitar" Burns, this line up becomes Stars

St John's College elected Hoyle as an honorary fellow.

Hoyle published a further assessment of radio-source counts and their cosmological interpretation.

Resigns as director of the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy.

Shows that quantum effects allow black holes to emit thermal radiation.

Emmanuel College elected Hoyle as an honorary fellow.

Burnham begins studying English at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge.

Demonstrates a three-dimensional protein structure at near-atomic resolution using electron cryomicroscopy.

Burnham completes his English degree and prepares for a career in public affairs.

Death of Roger Keith "Syd" Barrett

Presides over the unveiling of the Chronophage Corpus Clock (time eating) clock at Corpus Christi College Cambridge

Efstathiou interprets Planck data that refines the age and matter content of the Big Bang universe

Efstathiou uses Planck results to refine constraints on inflation and the standard cosmological model