Tunis in History

Mohamed Salah Mzali began serving as chief minister under the Tunisian monarchy.

Tahar Ben Ammar became chief minister and led negotiations toward internal autonomy and independence.

A decree established the legal basis for electing a Tunisian Constituent Assembly.

Tunisia gains independence from France with a monarchy

Tunisia gains independence from France with a monarchy

Habib Bourguiba became prime minister after independence and formed a national government.

The government promulgated the Code of Personal Status, reforming marriage, divorce, and family law.

Tunisia becomes a Republic

The Constituent Assembly abolished the monarchy and proclaimed the Republic of Tunisia.

Bahi Ladgham began serving as secretary of state for the presidency.

Tunisia promulgated its first republican constitution, establishing a presidential system.

A decree created the office of prime minister and defined its responsibilities.

Bahi Ladgham became Tunisia's first prime minister under the new office.

Hedi Nouira began serving as acting prime minister.

Hedi Nouira became prime minister and led a long period of economic liberalization.

Mohamed Mzali became prime minister of Tunisia.

Habib Bourguiba restored bread subsidies after nationwide unrest over food prices.

Diplomatic relations are broken with Libya

Rachid Sfar became prime minister and introduced an economic stabilization programme.

Ben Ali declares Bourguiba incompetent & seizes power

Ben Ali declares Bourguiba incompetent & seizes power

Zine El Abidine Ben Ali became prime minister of Tunisia.

Zine El Abidine Ben Ali assumed the presidency after Habib Bourguiba was declared medically unfit.

Hedi Baccouche became prime minister following the presidential transition.

Announces democratic changes to Tunisias constitution

Diplomatic relations with Libya are restored

A constitutional amendment revised presidential succession and removed the presidency-for-life provision.

Political and social organizations signed a National Pact setting principles for public life.

Hamed Karoui became prime minister of Tunisia.

Mohamed Ghannouchi became prime minister of Tunisia.

The transitional authorities established an independent commission to administer the Constituent Assembly election.

Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi briefly announced that he would exercise presidential duties.

Zine El Abidine Ben Ali left Tunisia as protests ended his presidency.

Fouad Mebazaa was sworn in as acting president under the constitutional succession rules.

Mohamed Ghannouchi announced a national unity government containing opposition figures and former ruling-party ministers.

The transitional government replaced several ministers following continued public protests.

Beji Caid Essebsi became prime minister of the transitional government.

Mohamed Ghannouchi resigned as prime minister amid continuing demonstrations.

A decree formally dissolved both chambers of the former national parliament.

A decree-law established the electoral system for the National Constituent Assembly.

The National Constituent Assembly held its first session after the October election.

The Constituent Assembly elected Mustapha Ben Jaafar as its speaker.

The Constituent Assembly elected Moncef Marzouki president of Tunisia.

Hamadi Jebali became head of government following the Constituent Assembly election.

The National Dialogue Quartet mediated negotiations between political parties and civil society organizations.

Opposition politician Chokri Belaid was assassinated, producing a national political crisis.

Hamadi Jebali resigned after failing to form a nonpartisan government.

Ali Larayedh became head of government of Tunisia.

Opposition politician Mohamed Brahmi was assassinated, deepening the political crisis.

The National Constituent Assembly adopted a new democratic constitution.

Mehdi Jomaa became head of a technocratic government charged with organizing elections.

Beji Caid Essebsi was sworn in as president of Tunisia.

Habib Essid became head of government after the 2014 elections.

An armed attack at the Bardo National Museum prompted a major government security response.

Youssef Chahed became head of government following parliamentary approval.

Death of President Beji Caid Essebsi.

Parliamentary speaker Mohamed Ennaceur became interim president after Beji Caid Essebsi's death.

Inaugurated as President of Tunisia.

Elyes Fakhfakh became head of government after receiving parliamentary confidence.

Elyes Fakhfakh resigned as head of government during a conflict-of-interest controversy.

Hichem Mechichi became head of government following parliamentary approval.

Kais Saied suspended parliament, dismissed the head of government, and assumed emergency executive authority.

Presidential Decree 117 reorganized public powers and expanded presidential authority during the exceptional measures.

Kais Saied designated Najla Bouden to form a government, making her Tunisia's first female head of government.

The Najla Bouden government took office under the exceptional constitutional arrangements.

Kais Saied dissolved the suspended Assembly of the People's Representatives.

Kais Saied promulgated the 2022 Constitution following the referendum.

Ahmed Hachani became head of government of Tunisia.

Kamel Madouri became head of government of Tunisia.

The election authority confirmed Kais Saied's re-election with 90.69 percent of the vote.

Sarra Zaafrani Zenzri became head of government of Tunisia.