Harare in History

Smith rejects new British proposals for ending Rhodesia's constitutional dispute.

Mugabe dismisses Nkomo from the cabinet after alleging a coup conspiracy.

Mugabe dismisses Nkomo and other ZAPU ministers after alleged arms discoveries.

The capital is officially renamed Harare on the second independence anniversary.

Constitutional changes remove the seats previously reserved for white voters.

Mugabe concludes the Unity Accord with Nkomo to end the ZANU-ZAPU conflict.

Mugabe begins implementing the political settlement agreed with Nkomo.

Nkomo signs the Unity Accord merging ZAPU into ZANU-PF.

Mugabe signs the Unity Accord with Joshua Nkomo.

The Unity Accord provides for ZAPU's incorporation into ZANU-PF.

Mugabe's final premiership ends as the executive presidency is established.

Constitutional changes abolish the office of Prime Minister and establish executive presidency.

Constitutional changes abolish the premiership and create an executive presidency.

Muzenda becomes Vice-President under the executive presidency.

Muzenda becomes Vice-President when the executive presidency is established.

Parliament elects Mugabe as Zimbabwe's executive President.

Mugabe is sworn in as executive President after the constitutional change.

Mugabe assumes the newly strengthened executive presidency.

Parliament becomes unicameral after the Senate is temporarily abolished.

Nkomo becomes Vice-President following the ZANU-PF and ZAPU political settlement.

Nkomo is appointed Vice-President following implementation of the Unity Accord.

Nkomo becomes one of Zimbabwe's Vice-Presidents under the unity arrangement.

Legislation makes the President Chancellor of the University of Zimbabwe.

Mugabe begins a new presidential term after the national election.

Mugabe's government expands legal authority for compulsory land acquisition.

Parliament changes constitutional provisions governing compulsory land acquisition.

Chidzero introduces reforms intended to liberalise trade, spending and state enterprises.

Mugabe's government begins an economic structural adjustment programme.

Mugabe hosts the Commonwealth summit that adopts the Harare Declaration.

Commonwealth leaders adopt the Harare Declaration during a summit hosted by Zimbabwe.

Mugabe signs legislation expanding government powers to acquire land for redistribution.

Mugabe's government begins privatising selected state enterprises.

Mugabe authorises unbudgeted compensation payments for liberation war veterans.

The Zimbabwe dollar falls sharply after major unbudgeted government commitments.

Mugabe deploys Zimbabwean forces in support of the Congolese government.

Economic deterioration contributes to strikes, demonstrations and growing opposition.

Mugabe appoints a commission to prepare proposals for a new constitution.

Tsvangirai becomes leader of a new opposition movement rooted in labour and civic groups.

The Movement for Democratic Change is formed as a major opposition party.

Msika becomes Vice-President after the death of Joshua Nkomo.

Parliament authorises compulsory acquisition of agricultural land without government compensation.

The amendment changes compensation obligations for compulsorily acquired agricultural land.

Makoni warns that foreign reserves are exhausted and food shortages are approaching.

Security forces arrest demonstrators during a general strike against economic conditions.

The government declares a disaster as food shortages threaten widespread hunger.

Made announces that the main compulsory land acquisition phase is complete.

Parliament enacts legislation imposing new restrictions on independent media.

Mugabe signs legislation expanding state powers over public meetings and political activity.

Moyo oversees legislation regulating journalists and media organisations.

Police arrest opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai during a week of protests.

Mugabe announces Zimbabwe's withdrawal after the Commonwealth maintains its suspension.

Mugabe withdraws Zimbabwe from the Commonwealth after continued suspension.

Mujuru becomes Zimbabwe's first woman Vice-President.

ZANU-PF removes senior officials accused of disloyalty and espionage.

The government begins demolishing informal homes, markets and businesses.

Government authorities begin demolishing informal housing and trading structures.

Prosecutors withdraw the remaining treason case against Morgan Tsvangirai.

A newly restored Senate begins operating after elections.

The MDC reports alleged ghost voters and other irregularities in the Senate poll.

The MDC alleges serious irregularities in the Senate election process.

A United Nations official warns that Zimbabwe faces severe humanitarian and economic decline.

Zimbabwe experiences accelerating hyperinflation and severe currency instability.

Official inflation rises above one thousand percent.

Gono introduces a redenominated currency that removes three zeros.

Zimbabwe removes three zeros from its currency during continuing inflation.

Police break up a union protest and detain its leaders.

ZANU-PF considers delaying the next presidential election.

Police impose temporary restrictions on opposition rallies and demonstrations.

Police arrest and assault Tsvangirai following an opposition prayer meeting.

Police arrest and beat Tsvangirai after an opposition prayer meeting.

The government warns that prolonged electricity cuts will affect homes and businesses.

Authorities charge five men with treason over an alleged coup conspiracy.

ZANU-PF endorses Mugabe as its candidate for the approaching election.

Extreme inflation destroys the value of the Zimbabwe dollar.

Official results show ZANU-PF losing its elected majority in the Assembly.

Election results show ZANU-PF losing its parliamentary majority for the first time.

Mugabe signs a power-sharing agreement with the two MDC formations.

Tsvangirai signs the agreement creating a framework for a government of national unity.

Tsvangirai becomes Prime Minister under the Global Political Agreement.

Biti assumes responsibility for government finances during the unity administration.

Biti presents a budget formalising the use of foreign currencies.

Nkomo becomes Vice-President following Joseph Msika's death.

Mugabe gives assent to the new Constitution of Zimbabwe.

Mnangagwa becomes Vice-President after Joice Mujuru's removal.

Chiwenga's forces take control of key institutions during the leadership crisis.

Mugabe resigns after military intervention and the beginning of parliamentary impeachment proceedings.

Mnangagwa is sworn in after returning from exile.

Chiwenga becomes Vice-President after retiring from military command.

Mohadi is appointed as one of Zimbabwe's two Vice-Presidents.

Mnangagwa is inaugurated after the Constitutional Court confirms the election result.

Mnangagwa is inaugurated for another presidential term.

Mnangagwa declares a nationwide state of disaster after severe drought.

Mushayavanhu introduces the Zimbabwe Gold currency under a new monetary framework.

Mnangagwa continues serving as President of Zimbabwe.

Chiwenga continues serving as one of Zimbabwe's Vice-Presidents.

Mohadi continues serving as one of Zimbabwe's Vice-Presidents after returning to office.