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D-Day and Normandy · permanent subject timeline

Operation Cobra

The American breakout from the Normandy lodgement. This page combines historical context with 31 matching records drawn directly from the World History Database Normandy archive.

31 matching archive records1944–1944 record spanOpen full 455-record archive

Historical context

Operation Cobra: overview and significance

What happened?

Operation Cobra began on 25 July 1944 after a concentrated aerial bombardment west of Saint-Lô. U.S. forces broke through the German front and rapidly expanded the breach.

Why was it important?

Cobra transformed the campaign from a confined battle in the bocage into a mobile advance across France. The breakout enabled the activation of Patton's Third Army and helped threaten German forces with encirclement.

World History Database records

Operation Cobra timeline

The records below are selected from the 455-record D-Day and Normandy archive and rendered as static HTML in chronological order.

1944
1944 7th June

Operation Cobra

Omar Nelson Bradley · United States of America · Caen · World War, 2nd

Omar Bradleys intention was to take advantage of the German preoccupation with British and Canadian activity around the town of Caen, and punch through the German defenses penning in his troops while his opponent was distracted and unbalanced

1944 18th July

Operation Cobra

Omar Nelson Bradley · United States of America · Orleans Gap · World War, 2nd

To gain good terrain for Operation Cobra, Bradley and Collins conceived a plan to push forward to the Saint-L“-Periers road, along which VII and VIII Corps were securing jumping-off positions. The American 29th and 35th Infantry Divisions managed to gain the vital heights of Saint-Lo, driving back General der Fallschirmtruppen Eugen Meindls II Parachute Corps

1944 20th July

Operation Cobra

Omar Nelson Bradley · United States of America · Normandy · World War, 2nd

Forced to postpone Operation Cobra due to heavy rainfall

1944 24th July

Operation Cobra

Omar Nelson Bradley · United States of America · Normandy · World War, 2nd

Operation Cobra is postponed for a 2nd time

1944 25th July

First Army

Fuhrer Chancellor Adolf Hitler · Germany · World War, 2nd

After the United States First and Third Armies broke out from the Normandy beachhead during Operation Cobra on 25 July 1944, Hitler ordered Operation Luttich.

1944 25th July

First Army

Fuhrer Chancellor Adolf Hitler · Germany · World War, 2nd

Following breakout by the American First Army and American 3rd Army from the beachhead during the Battle of Normandy during Operation Cobra Adolf Hitler ordered an immediate counterattack against Allied forces in the form of Operation Luttich.

1944 25th July

First Army

Commander in Chief Hans Gunther von Kluge · Germany · World War, 2nd

Following breakout by the American First Army and American 3rd Army from the beachhead during the Battle of Normandy during Operation Cobra Adolf Hitler ordered an immediate counterattack against Allied forces in the form of Operation Luttich

1944 25th July

Operation Cobra

Omar Nelson Bradley · United States of America · Normandy · World War, 2nd

Gives the go ahead for Operation Cobra

1944 25th July

Operation Cobra

Omar Nelson Bradley · United States of America · Orleans Gap · World War, 2nd

After the one-day postponement, Cobra got underway at 09:38 on 25 July, when around 600 Allied fighter-bombers attacked strongpoints and enemy artillery along a 300 yd (270 m)-wide strip of ground located in the St. Lo area

1944 25th July

Operation Cobra

Omar Nelson Bradley · United States of America · St Lo · World War, 2nd

2,500 bombers from the Eighth & 9th Air Forces open a gap west of St Lo

1944 25th July

Operation Cobra

George Smith Patton · United States of America · World War, 2nd

Operation Cobra commenced on 25 July with a concentrated aerial bombardment from thousands of Allied aircraft

1944 25th July

Operation Cobra

George Smith Patton · United States of America · Avranches · World War, 2nd

To help Patton to break out of Avranches & drive into Brittany. Clearing ports such as Lorient & Brest

1944 25th July

Operation Cobra

George Smith Patton · United States of America · Brest · World War, 2nd

Clearing ports such as Lorient & Brest

1944 25th July

Operation Lutch

Fuhrer Chancellor Adolf Hitler · Germany · World War, 2nd

Following breakout by the US First Army and American 3rd Army from the beachhead during the Battle of Normandy during Operation Cobra on July 25, 1944, Adolf Hitler ordered an immediate counterattack against Allied forces in the form of Operation Luttich

1944 25th July

Operation Luttich

Fuhrer Chancellor Adolf Hitler · Germany · World War, 2nd

Following breakout by the American First Army and American 3rd Army from the beachhead during the Battle of Normandy during Operation Cobra Adolf Hitler ordered an immediate counterattack against Allied forces in the form of Operation Luttich

1944 25th July

Operation Luttich

Commander in Chief Hans Gunther von Kluge · Germany · World War, 2nd

Following breakout by the American First Army and American 3rd Army from the beachhead during the Battle of Normandy during Operation Cobra Adolf Hitler ordered an immediate counterattack against Allied forces in the form of Operation Luttich

1944 25th July

Third Army

Fuhrer Chancellor Adolf Hitler · Germany · World War, 2nd

After the United States First and Third Armies broke out from the Normandy beachhead during Operation Cobra on 25 July 1944, Hitler ordered Operation Luttich.

1944 25th July

Third Army

Fuhrer Chancellor Adolf Hitler · Germany · World War, 2nd

Following breakout by the American First Army and American 3rd Army from the beachhead during the Battle of Normandy during Operation Cobra Adolf Hitler ordered an immediate counterattack against Allied forces in the form of Operation Luttich.

1944 25th July

Third Army

Commander in Chief Hans Gunther von Kluge · Germany · World War, 2nd

Following breakout by the American First Army and American 3rd Army from the beachhead during the Battle of Normandy during Operation Cobra Adolf Hitler ordered an immediate counterattack against Allied forces in the form of Operation Luttich

1944 27th July

Operation Cobra

Omar Nelson Bradley · United States of America · St Lo · World War, 2nd

Pushes Patton through a gap in the German defence toward Avranches

1944 27th July

Operation Cobra

Commander in Chief Hans Gunther von Kluge · Germany · St Lo · World War, 2nd

Approves a limited withdrawal of the 7th Army

1944 27th July

Operation Cobra

George Smith Patton · United States of America · World War, 2nd

By 27 July most organized resistance had been overcome, and VII and VIII Corps were advancing rapidly, isolating the Cotentin peninsula

1944 28th July

Operation Cobra

Omar Nelson Bradley · United States of America · World War, 2nd

By 28 July, the German defenses across the US front had largely collapsed under the full weight of VII and VIII Corps advance, and resistance was disorganised and patchy

1944 31st July

Operation Cobra

George Smith Patton · United States of America · World War, 2nd

By 31 July, XIX Corps had destroyed the last forces opposing the First Army, and Bradleys troops were finally freed from the bocage

1944 4th August

Operation Cobra

Omar Nelson Bradley · United States of America · Caen · World War, 2nd

Authorizes Patton to outflank the Germans at Caen

1944 4th August

Operation Cobra

Omar Nelson Bradley · United States of America · Orleans Gap · World War, 2nd

Authorizes Patton to turn into the Orleans gap toward the Seine & Paris

1944 4th August

Operation Cobra

George Smith Patton · United States of America · Caen · World War, 2nd

An attempt to outflank the Germans at Caen

1944 4th August

Operation Cobra

George Smith Patton · United States of America · Orleans · World War, 2nd

Authorised by Bradley to turn into the Orleans gap toward the Seine & Paris

1944 7th August

Operation Cobra

Commander in Chief Hans Gunther von Kluge · Germany · World War, 2nd

Reinforcements were moved west by Marshal Gunther von Kluge and employed in various counterattacks, the largest of which (codenamed Operation Luttich) was launched on 7 August between Mortain and Avranches

1944 8th August

Operation Cobra

Omar Nelson Bradley · United States of America · Le Mans · World War, 2nd

Troops of the newly activated 3rd United States Army captured the city of Le Mans, formerly the German 7th Armys headquarters

1944 August

Operation Cobra

Omar Nelson Bradley · United States of America · Caen · World War, 2nd

Operation Cobra, together with concurrent offensives by the Second British and First Canadian Armies, was decisive in securing an Allied victory in the Normandy Campaign

Editorial provenance

Sources and editorial review

Compiled and edited by World History Database.

Historical context is editorial material; the chronology is generated from World History Database D-Day and Normandy records.

Last reviewed: September 2026.

Imperial War Museums · National WWII Museum · U.S. Army

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