Grand Duke of Finland
Assumes the title Grand Duke of Finland after Russian conquest separates Finland from Sweden.
Role range: 1801-1825
Historical biography archive · Updated 2026-11-03
Alexander I Biography and Timeline — Page 2
Follow Alexander I through 90 dated historical records for Russia.
Alexander I, historical timeline
A chronological timeline drawn from matching World History Database records.
90Distinct records
2 of 3Page
1809–1815Years on this page
1809
Speransky Reform Plan
Receives Mikhail Speransky's constitutional reform plan proposing representative institutions and a clearer separation of governmental functions.
Role range: 1801-1825
1810
State Council
Establishes the State Council as a central advisory body for reviewing legislation and administration.
Role range: 1801-1825
Military Settlements
Begins experimenting with military settlements combining agricultural labour with military service.
Role range: 1801-1825
Blockade of British Trade under the Continental System
Russia raises duties on French goods and relaxes restrictions on neutral shipping, weakening Napoleon's Continental System.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Continental System Restrictions Weakened
Russia relaxes restrictions on neutral trade and raises duties on French goods, weakening Napoleon's economic blockade against Britain.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Neutrality
Russia raises duties on French goods and relaxes restrictions on neutral shipping, weakening Napoleon's Continental System.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
1811
Ministerial Reorganisation
Reorganises the ministries as part of continued efforts to improve central government administration.
Role range: 1801-1825
1812
Dismissal of Speransky
Dismisses reformer Mikhail Speransky as conservative opposition and wartime political pressures intensify.
Role range: 1801-1825
Treaty of Bucharest
The Treaty of Bucharest ends war with the Ottoman Empire and transfers Bessarabia to Russia.
Role range: 1806-1812 – 1801-1825
French Invasion of Russia
Napoleon's Grande Armée invades the Russian Empire, beginning the central crisis of Alexander's reign.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Departure from Field Army
Leaves direct field command during Napoleon's invasion after advisers urge him to coordinate the wider war effort.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Appointment of Kutuzov
Appoints Mikhail Kutuzov commander-in-chief as pressure grows for unified leadership against Napoleon.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
French Retreat
Russian resistance and the collapse of Napoleon's campaign force the Grande Armée into a disastrous retreat.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Refusal to Negotiate
Refuses to negotiate peace after Napoleon occupies Moscow, forcing the French to continue the campaign without a settlement.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Acquisition of Bessarabia
Russia gains Bessarabia from the Ottoman Empire through the Treaty of Bucharest.
Role range: 1806-1812 – 1801-1825
1813
Treaty of Kalisch
Russia and Prussia conclude the Treaty of Kalisch, creating an alliance against Napoleon.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Battle of Lützen
Alexander accompanies the allied campaign as Napoleon defeats Russian and Prussian forces at Lützen.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Battle of Bautzen
Russian and Prussian armies fight Napoleon at Bautzen before withdrawing in good order.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Battle of Dresden
Napoleon wins at Dresden against the allied armies, including Russian forces, during the 1813 campaign.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Territorial Settlement in the Caucasus
The Treaty of Gulistan confirms major Russian territorial gains in the South Caucasus after war with Persia.
Role range: 1801-1825
Treaty of Gulistan
The Treaty of Gulistan ends the Russo-Persian War and confirms extensive Russian gains in the South Caucasus.
Role range: 1801-1825
Battle of Leipzig
Russia joins Prussia, Austria and other allies in defeating Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Coalition, 6th
Alexander becomes a leading figure in the coalition that ultimately drives Napoleon's forces back toward France.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
1814
Entry into Paris
Enters Paris with the allied sovereigns after coalition armies defeat Napoleon's forces in France.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Abdication of Napoleon
Supports the allied settlement that compels Napoleon to abdicate and ends his first rule over France.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Treaty of Paris
Russia joins the victorious allies in the First Treaty of Paris after Napoleon's abdication.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Congress of Vienna
Represents Russia at the Congress of Vienna and presses for a Russian-backed Kingdom of Poland.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Polish-Saxon Question
Presses at Vienna for a large Polish kingdom under Russian sovereignty, creating tension with Austria and Britain.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
1815
Alliance Agreement
Alexander uses the Holy Alliance to promote cooperation among Russia, Austria and Prussia after the Napoleonic Wars.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Alliance Holy Alliance
Russia, Austria and Prussia form the Holy Alliance, reflecting Alexander's religious vision for postwar European cooperation.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Holy Alliance
Signs the Holy Alliance with Austria and Prussia, invoking Christian principles in relations between the monarchies.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Second Treaty of Paris
Russia joins the allied powers in imposing the second peace settlement on France after Waterloo.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Constitution of Poland
Grants the Kingdom of Poland a constitution providing a parliament and limited civil guarantees.
Role range: 1801-1825
Alliance Alexander I and Europe's monarchs
Promotes a Christian vision of cooperation among Europe's monarchs after Napoleon's defeat.
Role range: 1801-1825
King of Poland
Becomes King of the newly created Kingdom of Poland in personal union with the Russian crown.
Role range: 1801-1825
Kingdom of Poland
The Vienna settlement creates the Kingdom of Poland in personal union with Russia, with Alexander as king.
Role range: 1801-1825
Unification
The Vienna settlement establishes the Russian-controlled Kingdom of Poland from much of the former Duchy of Warsaw.
Role range: 1801-1825
Quadruple Alliance
Russia remains part of the Quadruple Alliance created to preserve the post-Napoleonic European settlement.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Treaty of Vienna
Supports the Vienna settlement and the allied system intended to preserve peace after Napoleon's defeat.
Role range: 1800-1815 – 1801-1825
Records, sources and methodology
These dates and descriptions come from the historical_events database. Exact duplicate records have been collapsed. Names are grouped by the country, Name 2 and Name 1 fields; records with missing Name 2 cannot be reliably assigned to an individual biography. Check the underlying sources before formal citation.