Alexander II Biography and Timeline — Page 2

Constitution of Russia

Refuses demands for a Polish constitution while the January Uprising challenges Russian authority.

Role range: 1855-1881

Independence of Poland

Rejects Polish constitutional demands as the January Uprising seeks greater national autonomy.

Role range: 1855-1881

National Government

The underground Polish National Government coordinates resistance to Russian rule during the January Uprising.

Role range: 1855-1881

Rebellion of defeat the January

Russian forces defeat the January Uprising and restore imperial control over the Polish territories.

Role range: 1855-1881

Rebellion of forces suppress the

Russian forces suppress the uprising in Warsaw while the imperial government rejects Polish constitutional demands.

Role range: 1855-1881

Rule of Poland

Strengthens Russian control over Poland after suppressing the January Uprising.

Role range: 1855-1881

Constitution of Russia

Creates elected district and provincial zemstvo institutions alongside existing local communal administration.

Role range: 1855-1881

Constitution of Russia

Extends local self-government through elected district and provincial zemstvo assemblies.

Role range: 1855-1881

Constitution of Russia

The zemstvo electoral system gives substantial influence to the landowning nobility.

Role range: 1855-1881

Health Reform

Zemstvo institutions assume responsibilities for local health, welfare, roads, and education.

Role range: 1855-1881

Judicial Statutes

Approves judicial statutes creating a more independent and professional court system.

Role range: 1855-1881

Military Districts

Supports the reorganisation of the empire into military districts to improve administration and mobilisation.

Role range: 1855-1881

Public Trials

Introduces public and oral court proceedings as part of the judicial reforms.

Role range: 1855-1881

Reform of Jury System

Judicial reform introduces public trials, professional courts, and trial by jury as part of the Great Reforms.

Role range: 1855-1881

Trial by Jury

Introduces trial by jury for major criminal cases under the new judicial system.

Role range: 1855-1881

Zemstvo

Creates zemstvo institutions as part of the wider programme of administrative reform.

Role range: 1855-1881

Zemstvo

District and provincial zemstvo assemblies become a new tier of elected local government.

Role range: 1855-1881

Zemstvo

Introduces elected zemstvo bodies for local administration in districts and provinces.

Role range: 1855-1881

Zemstvo

The zemstvo electoral system gives the nobility greater representation than its share of the population.

Role range: 1855-1881

Zemstvo

Zemstvo assemblies elect executive boards responsible for carrying out local decisions.

Role range: 1855-1881

Caucasian War

Russian victory over remaining Circassian resistance effectively ends the long Caucasian War.

Role range: 1817-1864 – 1855-1881

Capture of Tashkent

Russian forces capture Tashkent during the expansion into Central Asia.

Role range: 1855-1881

Censorship Reform

Introduces temporary censorship regulations that reduce prior censorship for parts of the press.

Role range: 1855-1881

Rule of Tashkent

Russian administration establishes control over Tashkent after its capture.

Role range: 1855-1881

Change of Heir

After Nicholas Alexandrovich dies, Alexander Alexandrovich becomes heir to the Russian throne.

Role range: 1855-1881

Death of Tsarevich Nicholas

His eldest son and heir, Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich, dies after a prolonged illness.

Role range: 1855-1881

Emancipation of State Peasants

Extends emancipation arrangements to state peasants, completing another stage of the peasant reforms.

Role range: 1855-1881

Assassination of Alexander II

Dmitry Karakozov attempts to shoot Alexander II in Saint Petersburg, but the attack fails.

Role range: 1855-1881

Assassination of Alexander II

The failed Karakozov assassination attempt contributes to a more conservative and repressive political climate.

Education

The Karakozov assassination attempt is followed by tighter government supervision of universities.

Plot

Dmitry Karakozov's failed attack becomes the first major assassination attempt against Alexander II.

Role range: 1855-1881

Turkestan Governor-Generalship

Creates the Governor-Generalship of Turkestan to administer Russia's expanding Central Asian territories.

Role range: 1855-1881

Berezowski Assassination Attempt

Survives an assassination attempt in Paris by Polish nationalist Antoni Berezowski.

Role range: 1855-1881

Rule of Alaska

Russia agrees to sell Alaska to the United States for $7.2 million.

Role range: 1855-1881

Rule of Poland

Congress Poland's separate institutions are dismantled as Russian administrative control is strengthened after the January Uprising.

Role range: 1855-1881

Sale of Alaska

Approves the sale of Alaska to the United States for $7.2 million.

Role range: 1855-1881

Treaty with Bukhara

A peace settlement after Russian victories places the Emirate of Bukhara under strong Russian influence.

Role range: 1855-1881

Bukhara Protectorate

After Russian victories in Central Asia, the Emirate of Bukhara accepts Russian supremacy and becomes a protectorate.

Role range: 1855-1881

Capture of Samarkand

Russian forces capture Samarkand during the expansion of imperial power in Central Asia.

Role range: 1855-1881

Military Judicial Reform

Military court procedures are reorganised in line with the broader principles of the judicial reforms.

Role range: 1855-1881