Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Biography and Timeline — Page 2

Suspended Prison Sentence

Is convicted with other Defiance Campaign leaders.

Defiance Campaign Prosecution

Faces charges under the Suppression of Communism Act.

Suppression of Communism Act Arrest

Is arrested during the Defiance Campaign.

First ANC Deputy Presidency

Is elected one of the ANC first deputy presidents.

National ANC Leadership

Moves into senior national leadership during the Defiance Campaign.

Black Legal Practice

The firm serves Black clients facing discriminatory laws.

Mandela and Tambo Law Firm

Opens a law practice with Oliver Tambo.

Deputy President

Appointed Deputy National President of the ANC

Law Firm

Jointly sets up the 1st black law practice in Johannesburg, Mandela & Tambo

Arrest of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Given a 9 month suspended sentence & forbidden to leave Johannesburg for 6 months

Provincial ANC Leadership

Combines provincial leadership with national resistance activity.

Role range: 1952-1957

Transvaal ANC Presidency

Is elected president of the Transvaal ANC.

Role range: 1952-1957

M-Plan Devised

Develops the ANC organisational strategy known as the M-Plan.

Underground Organisational Plan

Plans decentralised structures able to survive government repression.

Purge

Decides that there is no alternative to armed & violent resistance

Congress of the People

Secretly watches the Congress of the People at Kliptown.

Freedom Charter Adoption Observed

Witnesses adoption of the Freedom Charter.

Treason Arrest

Is arrested with other anti-apartheid activists for treason.

Treason Trial Begins

Joins the mass prosecution that becomes the Treason Trial.

Marriage to Winnie Madikizela

Marries Nomzamo Winnie Madikizela.

Second Marriage

Begins a marriage lasting through most of his imprisonment.

Defence Case Continues

Challenges government allegations against Congress Alliance leaders.

Treason Trial Defence

Participates as the defence opens its Treason Trial case.

Pass Laws

Publicly burns his pass in front of the press

Orlando Protest

Joins public defiance against the pass system after Sharpeville.

Pass Burning

Burns his pass with other ANC leaders in Orlando.

Emergency Detention

Is detained with thousands of activists during the emergency.

Post-Sharpeville Imprisonment

Joins thousands imprisoned following the Sharpeville crisis.

State of Emergency Detention

Is detained after the government declares a state of emergency.

State of Emergency Imprisonment

Remains imprisoned while Treason Trial proceedings continue.

ANC

The ANC is banned until 1990. Membership of the ANC & the PAC is punishable by imprisonment

Trial

Mandela 1st gives evidence at his trial

ANC

The ANC decides to go underground & dispense with its constitutional procedures

Constitution of South Africa

The ANC decides to go underground & dispense with its constitutional procedures

Banned Organisation Reorganised

Works within clandestine structures as legal political activity closes.

Underground ANC Activity

Helps reorganise ANC activity after the organisation is banned.

Armament

Helps found the military wing of the ANC, Umkhonto We Sizwe

Umkhonto We Sizwe

Helps found the military wing of the ANC, Umkhonto We Sizwe

Umkhonto We Sizwe

The ANC flees to Mozambique & develops a military wing, Umkhonto We Sizwe

Commander of Liberation Army

Appointed Leader of the ANCs army, Umkhonto Wesizwe, "spear of the nation"