Maastricht Treaty and the European Union

Represents newly admitted Greece at its first year of European Council participation.

Leads Belgium's delegation as the Luxembourg European Council reviews progress toward political and monetary union.

Supports Danish participation in negotiations shaping the foreign-policy and institutional provisions later incorporated into the Maastricht Treaty.

Represents Denmark when the Luxembourg summit assesses the treaty negotiations on political union and EMU.

Carries France's negotiating position into the Luxembourg summit on political and monetary integration.

Represents German foreign policy as leaders review the intergovernmental conferences preparing the Maastricht settlement.

Takes Germany's position to Luxembourg as leaders examine the two intergovernmental conferences.

Joins the Luxembourg European Council while Greece helps shape the emerging treaty settlement.

Attends the Luxembourg European Council as Ireland considers the architecture of the proposed European Union.

Speaks for Italy at Luxembourg while leaders assess progress toward a new treaty.

Represents Luxembourg as the Luxembourg summit considers the developing framework for European Union.

Takes part in the Luxembourg European Council as Netherlands weighs the next stage of integration.

Leads Portugal at Luxembourg while the Twelve review treaty work on political and monetary union.

Represents Spain at Luxembourg as leaders review unresolved questions in the future Union treaty.

Advances Belgium's foreign-policy position as Luxembourg discussions focus on political union.

Develops Belgium's monetary position as negotiations continue on the path toward economic and monetary union.

Supports Denmark's treaty diplomacy during Luxembourg negotiations on common foreign-policy cooperation.

Supports Denmark's economic priorities during the Luxembourg review of monetary-union negotiations.

Supports France's economic negotiating line as the proposed monetary union takes shape.

Helps define France's approach to political cooperation during the Luxembourg European Council.

Works on Germany's political-union priorities while the Twelve meet in Luxembourg.

Works on Germany's response to proposed convergence rules and future monetary institutions.

Advances Greece's financial interests while the Twelve examine the design of economic and monetary union.

Presses Greece's diplomatic objectives during the Luxembourg review of treaty negotiations.

Contributes Ireland's diplomatic position to the Luxembourg phase of the treaty negotiations.

Assesses the monetary-union framework from Ireland's economic-policy perspective during the Luxembourg talks.

Works to reconcile Italy's fiscal interests with the emerging economic and monetary union settlement.

Supports the political-union provisions sought by Italy during the Luxembourg summit.

Supports Luxembourg's approach to monetary convergence while the treaty negotiations advance.

Coordinates Luxembourg's foreign-policy stance as leaders review the future treaty at Luxembourg.

Shapes Netherlands's financial position during discussions on the future monetary union.

Works to protect Netherlands's diplomatic priorities during the Luxembourg negotiations.

Represents Portugal's economic concerns as the Luxembourg summit reviews EMU negotiations.

Presents Portugal's position on political union as the European Council meets in Luxembourg.

Represents Spain's foreign-policy interests as the proposed Union's political provisions are examined.

Helps frame Spain's position on convergence and monetary integration during the Luxembourg phase.

Answers parliamentary scrutiny as Denmark prepares its position on economic and monetary union before the Maastricht summit.

Answers parliamentary questions on the government's approach to the European Community's developing union plans before Maastricht.

Supports stronger European institutions and movement toward monetary union.

Represents Belgium during negotiations on the Treaty on European Union.

Represents Belgium as the Maastricht European Council opens the decisive treaty negotiations.

Represents Danish economic interests as leaders negotiate the structure and timetable for economic and monetary union.

Represents Denmark as the Maastricht European Council opens the final negotiations on European Union.

Participates in negotiations on the common foreign and security policy provisions of the emerging Treaty on European Union.

Leads Denmark into the final Maastricht summit as the Twelve seek agreement on European Union.

Delors promoted the staged programme for economic and monetary union agreed by European leaders.

Promotes the staged programme leading toward economic and monetary union.

Mitterrand promoted political union alongside plans for a common European currency.

Promotes political union alongside the planned common European currency.

Delors supported the Maastricht settlement on deeper political and economic integration.

Supports agreement on deeper political and economic integration.

Mitterrand worked with Helmut Kohl to secure agreement at the Maastricht European Council.

Works with Helmut Kohl to secure agreement on the treaty.

Leads France's participation as the final European Council negotiations begin at Maastricht.

Represents Germany as the Maastricht European Council opens the decisive negotiations on European Union.

Takes Germany's position into the opening day of the Maastricht European Council.

Represents Greece as the Maastricht European Council opens the decisive negotiations on European Union.

Represents Greece when leaders begin the final political bargaining over the Union treaty.

Represents Ireland as the Maastricht European Council opens the decisive negotiations on European Union.

Represents Ireland at the opening of the summit that will settle the new Union treaty.

Represents Italy as the Maastricht European Council opens the decisive negotiations on European Union.

Takes part in the first day at Maastricht as Italy presses its priorities in the final negotiations.

Supports stronger European institutions and the route toward monetary union.

Represents Luxembourg during the negotiations completed at Maastricht.

Carries Luxembourg's negotiating mandate into the decisive Maastricht European Council.

Guides negotiations establishing the framework for European Union.

Hosts the European Council that reaches agreement on the new treaty.

Represents Netherlands as leaders open the final round of bargaining over European Union.

Represents Portugal in the European Council treaty negotiations.

Supports cohesion measures and deeper European political cooperation.

Leads Portugal at Maastricht as the Twelve seek to close the remaining treaty disputes.

Represents Spain during negotiations establishing the European Union.

Supports European citizenship, cohesion and the monetary-union programme.

Joins the Maastricht summit as Spain works toward a settlement on political and monetary union.

Helps conclude Belgium's political and foreign-policy settlement as the Maastricht negotiations reach agreement.

Supports the monetary-union framework accepted by Belgium when the Maastricht settlement is concluded.

Participates as the European Council reaches political agreement on the treaty package that will become the Maastricht Treaty.

Supports the final economic and monetary provisions agreed by the European Council at Maastricht.

Participates as the Twelve complete political agreement on the Treaty on European Union at Maastricht.

Works on the political-union provisions accepted by Denmark in the final Maastricht compromise.

Delors supported agreement on treaty provisions establishing the route toward a single European currency.

Mitterrand helped secure agreement on a treaty combining political union with economic and monetary integration.

Advances France's economic position as the Maastricht monetary settlement is finalised.

Contributes to the political-union compromise accepted by France on the summit's final day.

Supports the final Maastricht settlement establishing the route toward economic and monetary union.

Helps negotiate convergence requirements and institutional arrangements for the planned economic and monetary union.

Secures Germany's diplomatic interests in the final agreement on political cooperation.

Works on the economic provisions that Germany accepts in the final Maastricht agreement.

Supports the final Maastricht settlement establishing European Union and the framework for economic and monetary union.

Supports the final economic and monetary provisions agreed at Maastricht.

Helps conclude the political and foreign-policy provisions of the Maastricht settlement.

Supports Greece's approach to convergence criteria and the timetable for monetary union.

Supports the foreign-policy framework accepted by Greece when the Maastricht settlement is completed.

Accepts the final Maastricht settlement expanding European cooperation, citizenship rights and economic and monetary union.

Supports the final economic and monetary provisions agreed at Maastricht.

Helps conclude the political and foreign-policy provisions of the Maastricht settlement.

Works through the remaining diplomatic issues before Ireland accepts the Maastricht settlement.

Accepts the final political settlement establishing European Union and the framework for economic and monetary union.

Helps negotiate the monetary-union provisions and convergence framework agreed at Maastricht.

Helps conclude the foreign-policy and political provisions of the Maastricht settlement.

Supports the convergence framework accepted by Italy at the end of the Maastricht negotiations.

Helps finalise the political provisions that Italy accepts in the new Treaty on European Union.

Helps complete Luxembourg's economic negotiating position in the final Union treaty.

Supports Luxembourg's final agreement on the treaty's foreign-policy and institutional provisions.

Backs the monetary-union provisions included in Netherlands's Maastricht settlement.

Concludes Netherlands's diplomatic work on the political pillar of the Maastricht settlement.

Helps conclude the financial provisions governing Spain's participation in economic and monetary union.

Supports convergence rules leading toward the common European currency.

Confirms Belgian support for deeper political and monetary integration.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Belgium as Foreign Minister.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Belgium as Finance Minister.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Denmark alongside Foreign Minister Uffe Ellemann-Jensen.

Signs the economic and monetary commitments contained in the Treaty on European Union as Denmark's Minister for Economic Affairs.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Denmark alongside Economic Affairs Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Denmark as Minister for Economic Affairs.

Supports the timetable and convergence provisions for monetary union.

Confirms French participation in the new European Union framework.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for France as Minister of Economy and Finance.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for France as Foreign Minister.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Germany as Federal Foreign Minister.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Germany as Federal Finance Minister.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Greece as Minister of National Economy.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Greece as Foreign Minister.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Ireland as Minister for Finance alongside Gerry Collins.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Ireland as Minister for Finance.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Ireland as Minister for Foreign Affairs.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Italy as Treasury Minister.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Italy as Foreign Minister.

Supports convergence requirements and the planned common European currency.

Supports the creation of the Union's political and institutional structure.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Luxembourg as Finance Minister.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Luxembourg as Foreign Minister.

Commits the Netherlands to the treaty's monetary-union framework.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for the Netherlands as Finance Minister.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for the Netherlands as Foreign Minister.

Participates in the formal Maastricht ceremony completing the negotiated treaty.

Braga de Macedo completes Portugal's treaty delegation by signing the Maastricht settlement as Finance Minister.

Pinheiro signs at Maastricht on Portugal's behalf, endorsing the new Union treaty as Foreign Minister.

Supports monetary convergence and greater economic cohesion within Europe.

Fernandez Ordonez adds Spain's signature to the Maastricht Treaty as the government's senior foreign-policy representative.

Signs the Treaty on European Union for Spain as Minister of Economy and Finance.

The Justice Ministry completes a constitutional review of Denmark's accession to the Maastricht Treaty and the transfer of powers involved.

Explains the economic and monetary provisions of the Maastricht settlement during Denmark's referendum campaign.

Argues that Denmark should approve the Maastricht Treaty and remain fully engaged in European cooperation.

Supports parliamentary approval of the treaty's economic and monetary provisions before the first Danish referendum.

Defends the government's foreign-policy case for ratifying the Maastricht Treaty during the parliamentary approval process.

Campaigns for approval of the Maastricht Treaty before Denmark's first referendum on the agreement.

Heads the government as the Folketing approves the Maastricht Treaty by 125 votes to 25 before the required referendum.

Acknowledges the Danish electorate's rejection of the Maastricht Treaty, with 50.7 percent voting against ratification.

Welcomes the referendum result approving the Maastricht Treaty with 69.1 percent voting yes.

Represents Greece as leaders review Maastricht ratification, economic policy and enlargement prospects.

Campaigns for approval of the Maastricht Treaty before Ireland's constitutional referendum.

Heads Luxembourg when its Maastricht ratification notification is formally completed.

French voters narrowly approved the Maastricht Treaty in a referendum backed by Mitterrand.

Represents Denmark as European leaders address public confidence, subsidiarity and the continuing Maastricht ratification problem.

Supports constitutional safeguards for Danish participation in future justice and home-affairs cooperation under the Maastricht framework.

Heads Greece when its ratification notification is lodged with the depositary government.

Promulgates the law authorising Italian ratification of the Maastricht Treaty.

Heads the government when Italy enacts the law authorising ratification of the Maastricht Treaty.

Serves as president when France notifies the Italian depositary that its Maastricht ratification is complete.

Assumes responsibility for Denmark's economic policy during the negotiations seeking a Maastricht solution after Anders Fogh Rasmussen leaves government.

Heads Ireland when its completed Maastricht ratification is formally notified to the Italian Government.

Heads the government when Italy deposits its Maastricht ratification instrument.

Leads Italy when the state records completion of its own Maastricht ratification process.

Leads Belgium when it notifies the Italian depositary that its Maastricht ratification process is complete.

Represents Belgium at Edinburgh as leaders address the Danish ratification crisis and implementation of Maastricht.

Represents Denmark as the European Council considers special arrangements intended to resolve the Danish Maastricht ratification problem.

Takes Denmark's position to the Edinburgh European Council as the Twelve seek to rescue the ratification process.

Carries France's position into Edinburgh while leaders work to preserve the Maastricht settlement.

Joins the Edinburgh summit while Germany supports a settlement capable of keeping Maastricht ratification on track.

Represents Greece as leaders address Maastricht ratification and future Community financing.

Represents Greece as leaders consider Danish concerns and the wider timetable for bringing Maastricht into force.

Represents Ireland as leaders address Maastricht ratification, financing and future enlargement.

Represents Ireland during the summit that agrees special arrangements addressing Denmark's Maastricht concerns.

Joins the Edinburgh negotiations as Italy supports continued ratification of the Treaty on European Union.

Leads Luxembourg at Edinburgh while the Twelve address obstacles to Maastricht's entry into force.

Represents Netherlands as the European Council works to stabilise the treaty ratification process.

Takes part in the Edinburgh summit as Portugal backs a solution to the Danish Maastricht impasse.

Attends the Edinburgh European Council as Spain helps negotiate a response to the Danish referendum problem.

Supports Belgium's negotiating line during the second day of the Edinburgh discussions on Maastricht.

Secures a European Council decision addressing Denmark's concerns while leaving the Maastricht Treaty text unchanged.

Works on Denmark's response to the Danish settlement as the Edinburgh European Council concludes.

Helps France assess the legal and political arrangements intended to preserve the Maastricht Treaty.

Helps secure Germany's support for the Edinburgh arrangements designed to unblock Maastricht ratification.

Contributes to Greece's position as leaders finalise the Edinburgh response to Danish concerns.

Works with Community partners as Ireland accepts the Edinburgh solution to the ratification crisis.

Supports Italy's position on the Danish arrangements and the continuing Maastricht timetable.

Contributes to Luxembourg's support for the Edinburgh package addressing the Danish referendum result.

Helps maintain Netherlands's backing for Maastricht while the European Council settles the Danish question.

Supports Portugal's acceptance of the Edinburgh arrangements as a route toward treaty ratification.

Supports the Edinburgh compromise from Spain's diplomatic perspective as the summit closes.

Leads the Netherlands when the country's ratification notification is deposited for Maastricht.

Leads Spain when it completes the formal notification required for Maastricht ratification.

Becomes prime minister as Denmark prepares legislation and a second referendum on the Edinburgh settlement and Maastricht Treaty.

Becomes foreign minister and takes responsibility for completing Denmark's Maastricht ratification process.

Introduces legislation for Denmark's accession to the Edinburgh decision and the Maastricht Treaty.

Introduces legislation amending Denmark's European Communities Act as part of the renewed Maastricht ratification package.

Introduces the bill providing for a referendum on Denmark's accession to the Edinburgh decision and Maastricht Treaty.

Heads Portugal when it completes formal notification of ratification to the treaty depositary.

Receives public approval to complete Denmark's ratification of Maastricht under the Edinburgh arrangements.

Welcomes the referendum result approving the Maastricht Treaty with the Edinburgh arrangements by 56.8 percent of votes.

Argues that the Edinburgh arrangements address Danish concerns while allowing Denmark to ratify the Maastricht Treaty.

Leads the government campaign for approval of Maastricht with the Danish arrangements secured at Edinburgh.

Denmark's ratification notification is deposited with the Italian government, completing the Danish constitutional process.

Heads Denmark when the government formally notifies completion of Maastricht ratification after the second referendum.

Leads Germany when it submits its Maastricht ratification notification to the Italian depositary.

Leads Belgium when Maastricht enters into force and the European Union formally begins.

Denmark's special Maastricht arrangements take effect as the Treaty on European Union enters into force.

Oversees Danish foreign policy as the Maastricht Treaty enters into force and the European Union is established.

Heads Denmark as the treaty becomes effective under the special arrangements secured after the Danish referendums.

Mitterrand saw the Maastricht settlement enter into force, formally creating the European Union.

Serves as Foreign Minister when Maastricht enters into force and the European Union formally replaces the earlier Community framework.

Serves as president when the Maastricht Treaty enters into force and formally establishes the European Union.

Leads Germany when the Maastricht Treaty takes legal effect and establishes the European Union.

Heads the German government when the Maastricht Treaty enters into force and the European Union is established.

Returns as Greek prime minister shortly before Maastricht enters into force and the European Union is established.

Heads the Greek government when the Maastricht Treaty enters into force and the European Union is established.

Leads Ireland when the Treaty on European Union becomes effective on 1 November 1993.

Heads the Irish government when the Maastricht Treaty enters into force and the European Union is established.

Heads Italy as Maastricht takes effect and the European Union begins operating under the new treaty structure.

Heads the Italian government when the Maastricht Treaty enters into force and the European Union is established.

Leads Luxembourg when the Treaty on European Union enters into force across the Twelve.

Heads the Dutch government as Maastricht becomes effective and the European Union is formally established.

Leads Portugal when the Maastricht Treaty enters into force and the European Union begins.

Heads Spain as the Maastricht settlement becomes legally effective across the twelve member states.

Hosts the special European Council that opens the intergovernmental conference to revise Maastricht.