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Battle of the Somme

The major Anglo-French offensive of July to November 1916. This page combines historical context with 16 matching records drawn directly from the World History Database World War I battle archive.

16 matching archive records1916–1916 record spanOpen full 572-record archive
Battle of the Somme historical photograph

Historical context

Battle of the Somme: overview and significance

What happened?

The First Battle of the Somme began on 1 July 1916 after an extended artillery preparation. British and French armies attacked a fortified German front and continued offensive operations through November.

Why was it important?

The Somme became synonymous with industrialized attrition and enormous casualties. It also saw tactical change, increasing artillery-infantry coordination and the first battlefield use of tanks.

World History Database records

Battle of the Somme timeline

The records below are selected from the 572-record World War I battles archive and rendered as static HTML in chronological order.

1916
1916 25th June

Battle of the Somme, 1st

Earl Field Marshal Douglas Haig Bemersyde, 1st · Great Britain · Somme · World War, 1st

Royal Flying Corps aircraft support preparatory operations by attacking German observation balloons.

1916 1st July

Battle of the Somme, 1st

Viscount General Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby Allenby, 1st · Great Britain · Gommecourt · World War, 1st

Commands British Third Army during the diversionary attack at Gommecourt.

1916 1st July

Battle of the Somme, 1st

General Fritz von Below · Germany · Somme · World War, 1st

Commands German Second Army at the opening of the Allied Somme attack.

1916 1st July

Battle of the Somme, 1st

General Emile Fayolle · France · Somme · World War, 1st

Commands French Sixth Army on the southern part of the Somme offensive.

1916 1st July

Battle of the Somme, 1st

General Ferdinand Foch · France · Western Front · World War, 1st

Coordinates French northern army operations supporting the Allied Somme offensive.

1916 1st July

Battle of the Somme, 1st

Earl Field Marshal Douglas Haig Bemersyde, 1st · Great Britain · Somme · World War, 1st

Commands the British Expeditionary Force as the Somme attack opens after a week of bombardment.

1916 1st July

Battle of the Somme, 1st

Earl Field Marshal Douglas Haig Bemersyde, 1st · Great Britain · Somme · World War, 1st

The British attack opens on the Somme, causing 57,470 British casualties on the first day.

1916 1st July

Battle of the Somme, 1st

Major General Commander of 36th Division Oliver Nugent · Great Britain · Thiepval · World War, 1st

Leads the 36th Ulster Division in its costly attack toward the Schwaben Redoubt.

1916 1st July

Battle of the Somme, 1st

General Henry Seymour Rawlinson · Great Britain · Somme · World War, 1st

Commands British Fourth Army in the main British attack north of the River Somme.

1916 1st July

Battle of the Somme, 1st

General Henry Seymour Rawlinson · Great Britain · Somme · World War, 1st

Commands British Fourth Army in the main attack north of the River Somme.

1916 7th July

Battle of the Somme, 1st

Lieutenant Royal Flying Corps Pilot Trafford Leigh-Mallory · Great Britain · Somme · World War, 1st

Posted to No. 7 Squadron and flies bombing, reconnaissance and photographic missions over the Somme front.

1916 19th July

Battle of the Somme, 1st

General Max von Gallwitz · Germany · Somme · World War, 1st

Takes command of German Second Army after German forces on the Somme are reorganised.

1916 19th July

Battle of the Somme, 1st

General Max von Gallwitz · Germany · Somme · World War, 1st

Takes command of the reorganised German Second Army south of the Somme.

1916 23rd July

Battle of the Somme, 1st

General Hubert Gough · Great Britain · Pozieres · World War, 1st

Commands Reserve Army forces as fighting expands around Pozieres and the Albert-Bapaume road.

1916 7th October

Battle of the Somme, 1st

Gefreiter Dispatch Runner Adolf Hitler · Germany · Bapaume · World War, 1st

Wounded in the thigh by a shell splinter near Bapaume and evacuated to hospital in Germany.

1916 13th November

Battle of the Somme, 1st

General Hubert Gough · Great Britain · Ancre · World War, 1st

Commands Fifth Army during the Battle of the Ancre, the final major phase of the Somme offensive.

Editorial provenance

Sources and editorial review

Compiled and edited by World History Database.

Historical context is editorial material; the chronology is generated from World History Database First World War records.

Last reviewed: September 2026.

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