Mohammad Najibullah Biography and Timeline

Party Leadership

Najibullah becomes PDPA general secretary and begins consolidating control over the government.

Role range: 1986-1992

National Reconciliation

Najibullah begins promoting national reconciliation as the central policy of his government.

Role range: 1986-1992

Ceasefire

Najibullah begins a unilateral ceasefire intended to open negotiations with resistance groups.

Role range: 1987-1992

National Reconciliation

Najibullah announces a unilateral ceasefire and invites opposition groups to negotiate.

Role range: 1987-1992

Constitution of Afghanistan

A new constitution establishes the Republic of Afghanistan and provides for an elected presidency.

Role range: 1987-1992

Head of State

Najibullah assumes the constitutional presidency and continues his national reconciliation policy.

Role range: 1987-1992

President of Afghanistan

The Loya Jirga elects Najibullah president under the new constitution.

Role range: 1987-1992

Geneva Accords

Afghanistan and Pakistan sign the Geneva Accords, establishing a timetable for Soviet withdrawal.

Role range: 1979-1989 – 1987-1992

Accords of Geneva

The United Nations set up a special Mission to oversee the Geneva Protocols. Pakistan and Afghanistan, with the United States and Soviet Union serving as guarantors, sign an agreement settling the major differences between them known as the Geneva Accords

Invasion of Afghanistan

The withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan is announced

Accords of Geneva

The United Nations set up a special Mission to oversee the Geneva Protocols

United Nations

The United Nations set up a special Mission to oversee the Geneva Protocols

Soviet Withdrawal

The last Soviet troops leave Afghanistan while Najibullah's government remains in power.

Role range: 1979-1989 – 1987-1992

Constitutional Amendments

A Loya Jirga amends the constitution, strengthens Islamic provisions, and removes remaining communist terminology.

Role range: 1987-1992

Resignation of Mohammad Najibullah

Najibullah announces his resignation as government authority collapses and opposition forces approach Kabul.

Role range: 1987-1992

Najibullah Government Loses Kabul

President Mohammad Najibullah's government collapses as mujahideen forces move toward the Afghan capital.

Arrest of Mohammad Najibullah

Captured by the Taliban

Execution

Captured by the Taliban