Ferdinand Ferdinand I Biography

The Balkan League forms against the Ottoman Empire.

Following Italy's victory in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911-1912 the Young Turks fell from power after a coup, the Balkan countries see this as an opportunity to attack and fulfill their desires of expansion

Bulgaria attacks Eastern Thrace, stopped at the outskirts of Constantinople in the Chatalja line

An alliance is agreed between Bulgaria and Serbia to partition Macedonia

The signing of a secret bilateral defensive alliance between Serbia and Bulgaria. Serbia and Bulgaria sign treaties to split between them the land of Vardarrr Macedonia

Approves the secret alliance with Serbia.

Expanded by a military contract

This agreement is later followed by a similar one between Bulgaria and Montenegro, thus forming a network of alliances in the Balkans, aimed at Turkey.

Greece, not wishing to be left out of a possible alliance against the Ottoman Empire and the corresponding partition of territory, begins negotiations with Bulgaria on a defensive alliance resulting in the Greco-Bulgarian Treaty

Concludes a defensive treaty with Greece.

The First Balkan War breaks out following an impossible ultimatum given to the Porte

The first state to declare war is Montenegro, starting the First Balkan War. After issuing an ultimatum to the Porte on October 13, Bulgaria declares war on Turkey on October 17

After issuing an ultimatum to the Porte on October 13, Bulgaria declares war on Turkey on October 17

Bulgarian forces fail to break the Chatalja line.

Following a ceasefire in December between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, the Turkish fleet twice exited the Dardanelles but was twice defeated in the battles of Elli and Lemnos

Following a ceasefire in December between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, the Turkish fleet twice exited the Dardanelles but was twice defeated in the battles of Elli and Lemnos

Following a ceasefire in December between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, the Turkish fleet twice exited the Dardanelles but was twice defeated in the battles of Elli and Lemnos

The Second Balkan War breaks out among the former allies, with Bulgaria pitted against Serbia and Greece, later joined by Ottoman Empire and Romania

Bulgarian forces conquer Adrianople while Greek forces liberate Ioannina

The Ottomans retake Adrianople (Edirne) which had historic significance for the Turks, being a former Ottoman capital city

The Ottomans recover eastern Thrace, which had largely been lost in the First Balkan War

The Second Balkan War breaks out among the former allies, with Bulgaria pitted against Serbia and Greece, later joined by Ottoman Empire and Romania

The Ottomans recover eastern Thrace, which had largely been lost in the First Balkan War

Bulgarian forces conquer Adrianople while Greek forces liberate Ioannina

Succeeds as King of Bulgaria, defeated in the 2nd Balkan war

Accepts a peace that transfers Ottoman territory west of the Enos-Midia line to the Balkan allies.

The treaty transfers Ottoman territory west of the Enos-Midia line to the Balkan allies, creating major Bulgarian expectations in Thrace.

The Greek army counterattacks and defeats the Bulgarians at Kilkis-Lahanas

Disputes Macedonia with Serbia and Greece after London.

The Greek army does not enter the city of Serres in time to prevent it being razed by irregular Bulgarian units

An anti Bulgarian Serbian-Greek alliance is signed

Bulgaria attacks first, without formally declaring war, attacking the Serbian army in Gevgelija and then the Greek army in Nigrita

Bulgaria attacks first, without formally declaring war, attacking the Serbian army in Gevgelija and then the Greek army in Nigrita

Bulgaria attacks first, without formally declaring war, attacking the Serbian army in Gevgelija and then the Greek army in Nigrita

Bulgarian forces lose ground to Greece.

Greece and Serbia break with Bulgaria over the Macedonia and Thrace border

Romania raises an army and declares war on Bulgaria

Bulgarian forces retreat after burning parts of Serres.

Part of the Greek army advances up the Struma River valley, defeating the Bulgarian army in the battles of Doiran and Mt Beles before themselves being defeated at the Kresna straights

Part of the Greek army advances up the Struma River valley, defeating the Bulgarian army in the battles of Doiran and Mt Beles before themselves being defeated at the Kresna straights

Romanian intervention threatens Sofia and forces Bulgaria toward peace.

The Romanians encounter little resistance from the Bulgarians, and by the time of the ceasefire are only 30 kilometers from Sofia

The Greeks offer a ceasefire and the Bulgarians accept due to the danger posed by the Romanian army in the north

Seeks peace as enemies advance on several fronts.

A final peace is agreed in the Treaty of Bucharest

Accepts territorial losses after defeat.

Recognises Ottoman recovery of Eastern Thrace.