Charles II Biography and Timeline

Treaty of Breda

Signs the Treaty of Breda. Agrees to the Covenant in Scotland & to impose Presbyterianism in England

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Treaty of Breda

Affirms the Treaty of Breda agreeing to the Covenant in Scotland

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Battle of Newbury, 2nd

Fights at the Battle of Newbury

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Battle of Cropredy Bridge

Fights at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Council of Advisers

Given a Council of Advisers including Sir Edward Hyde, Sir Arthur Capel & Lord Hopton

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

General

Appointed General of the Western Association & Generlissimo of the King's forces. Appointed Commander, under the control of Sir Edward Hyde

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

General

Appointed General of the Western Association & Generlissimo of the King's forces. Appointed Commander, under the control of Sir Edward Hyde

Exile of Charles II

After Cromwell's victory at Torrington Charles retreats to Penndennis Castle

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Exile of Charles II

Boarded on the Phoenix at Lands End & headed for the Scilly Isles

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Exile of Charles II

Lands at St Marys in the Scilly Isles exactly one year since leaving Oxford

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Exile of Charles II

Sets sail for Jersey from the Scilly Isles on the Proud Black Eagle

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Exile of Charles II

Sets sail for France to join his Mother Henrietta Maria

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Interregnum

The Scottish Parliament proclaimed Charles II while England remained a republic.

Role range: 1649-1660 – 1649-1660

Scottish Negotiations at Breda

Charles opened negotiations with commissioners representing the Scottish Parliament.

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1649-1651

Invasion of Scotland

Montrose lands from the Orkneys with 1,500 in the service of Charles II

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Siege of Caithness

Montrose lands from the Orkneys with 1,500 in the service of Charles II

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Interregnum

Charles accepted the Treaty of Breda to obtain Scottish support for his restoration.

Role range: 1649-1660 – 1649-1651

Treaty of Breda

Charles accepted the agreement permitting his return to Scotland under stringent political and religious conditions.

Role range: 1649-1660 – 1649-1651

Departure from Breda

Charles left Breda for Scotland after accepting the negotiated settlement.

Role range: 1649-1660 – 1649-1651

Coronation

Given a Presbyterian Coronation at Scone

Role range: 1660-1685 – 1660-1685

Interregnum

Charles II was crowned King of Scots while the English Commonwealth rejected his claim.

Role range: 1649-1660 – 1649-1651

Commander in Chief

Appointed Commander in Chief, Scottish Army

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Commander in Chief

Appointed Commander in Chief, Scottish Army

Invasion of England

Crosses the Border into England with a mainly Presbyterian force to restore the throne

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Invasion of England

Charles II crosses into England with a predominantly Scottish Royalist army, beginning the southward campaign that culminates at Worcester.

Role range: 1642-1651 – 1649-1651

Invasion of England

Crosses the border into England at the head of an Army of 14,000

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Proclamation of Sovereignty

Proclaimed as sovereign of England & offers a pardon to all who join him

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Battle of Worcester

Arrives with a force of 16,000 men. Arrives at the Royalist town of Worcester which clears the garrison for him

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Occupation of Worcester

Charles II occupies Worcester with fewer than sixteen thousand troops after his expected English support fails to materialize.

Role range: 1642-1651 – 1649-1651

Royalist Headquarters

Charles II establishes Worcester as his temporary headquarters while the Royalist army rests, gathers supplies and prepares for battle.

Role range: 1642-1651 – 1649-1651

Battle of Worcester

Enters Worcester unopposed

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Battle of Warrington

Manages to cross the Mersey at Warrington

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Defence of Powick Bridge

Charles II assigns troops to defend Powick Bridge, one of the key approaches to Worcester across the River Teme.

Role range: 1642-1651 – 1649-1651

Destruction of Upton Bridge

Royalist forces destroy Upton Bridge on Charles II's orders to delay Parliamentarian movement across the River Severn.

Role range: 1642-1651 – 1649-1651

Fortification of Worcester

Charles II orders Worcester's defences strengthened as Parliamentarian armies gather around the city.

Role range: 1642-1651 – 1649-1651

Rebuilding of Fort Royal

Charles II's forces rebuild and enlarge Fort Royal to protect the London Road and Worcester's vulnerable south-eastern approaches.

Role range: 1642-1651 – 1649-1651

Interregnum

Charles suffered defeat at Worcester during his attempt to recover the English throne.

Role range: 1649-1660 – 1649-1660

Battle of Worcester

Leads a force of 16,000 against Cromwell's force of 30,000. Charles is forced to go into hiding then escape from England. Attempts a "break out" from Worcester against Cromwell but is forced back

Role range: 1642-1649 – 1660-1685

Battle of Worcester

Charles II leads the Royalist army defeated by Cromwell at Worcester before escaping into exile.

Role range: 1642-1651 – 1649-1651

Battle of Worcester

Charles II leads the Royalist army, counterattacks east of the Severn and escapes after Cromwell's forces break into Worcester.

Role range: 1642-1651 – 1649-1651