Gastein Convention
Negotiates the Gastein Convention, temporarily dividing administration of the Elbe duchies.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Historical biography archive · Updated 2026-11-03
Otto Eduard Leopold Bismarck Biography and Timeline
Follow Otto Eduard Leopold Bismarck through 53 dated historical records for Germany.
Otto Eduard Leopold Bismarck, historical timeline
A chronological timeline drawn from matching World History Database records.
53Distinct records
1 of 2Page
1865–1866Years on this page
1865
Gastein Convention
Signs the convention as an interim settlement of Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Gastein Convention
Treats the Gastein arrangement as a temporary compromise rather than a final solution.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Neutrality
Uses discussions with Napoleon III to reduce the risk of French intervention during a future German war.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Rule of Holstein
Accepts Austrian administration of Holstein while Prussia administers Schleswig under the convention.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Rule of Lauenburg
Secures Prussian possession of Lauenburg after Austria transfers its rights for financial compensation.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Rule of Schleswig
Obtains administrative control of Schleswig while joint Austro-Prussian sovereignty formally continues.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Leaves Biarritz believing France might remain neutral
Leaves Biarritz believing France might remain neutral, although Napoleon gives no binding territorial commitment.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Meeting with Napoleon III at Biarritz to test whether
Meets Napoleon III at Biarritz to test whether France would remain neutral in a Prussian-Austrian conflict.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
1866
Prussian-Italian Alliance
Bismarck concludes a three-month offensive alliance linking Prussia with Italy against Austria.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Gastein Convention
Victory enables Prussia to pursue German unification without Austrian participation.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Invasion of Holstein
Prussian troops invade Saxony, whose army retreats to join Austria in Bohemia.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Federal Reform Plan
Bismarck proposes a reformed German federation with a directly elected national parliament.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
German Confederation
Prussian forces invade Hanover to prevent its army joining Austria's southern allies.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Invasion of Hanover
Prussian forces enter Hesse-Kassel and isolate the elector's army.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Invasion of Hesse-Kassel
Prussia occupies Holstein after Austria submits the duchy dispute to the Federal Diet.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Invasion of Saxony
The Peace of Prague establishes a Kleindeutsch solution excluding Austria from the northern federation.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Capitulation of Hanover
Prussian annexation legislation incorporates the Free City of Frankfurt.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
First Army
Bismarck concludes the August alliance with northern German states, founding the future confederation.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Moderate Peace Policy
Bismarck argues against marching on Vienna or imposing territorial losses upon Austria.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
French Mediation
The Peace of Prague dissolves the German Confederation and ends Austria's federal role.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Preliminary Peace of Nikolsburg
Bismarck secures Austrian consent to Prussian reorganization of Germany north of the Main.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Preliminary Peace of Nikolsburg
The Peace of Prague leaves the southern German states outside the northern confederation.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Peace with Württemberg
The annexation law ends Frankfurt's centuries-old status as a Free City.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Peace with Baden
Prussia and Bavaria conclude peace and a secret military convention.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
August Alliance
The Hanoverian army capitulates after encirclement despite its tactical victory at Langensalza.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
August Alliance
The Peace of Prague authorizes a new federal organization north of the Main.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Peace with Bavaria
The Nikolsburg preliminaries stop the Prussian advance and outline the final settlement.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Austrian Silesia
Austria's referral of Holstein to the Federal Diet is treated as a breach of Gastein.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Austrian Silesia
Prussia and Württemberg conclude peace and a secret defensive alliance.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Dissolution of German Confederation
Prussia declares the old Confederation dissolved after the Federal Diet's mobilization vote.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
German Unification
The annexation of Nassau consolidates Prussian territory along the Rhine and Main.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Kleindeutschland
The August Alliance binds twenty-two northern German states to Prussian military leadership.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
North German Confederation
The treaty ends Austro-Prussian hostilities and confirms the broad Nikolsburg terms.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Peace of Prague
Austria accepts dissolution of the Confederation and Prussian reorganization north of the Main.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Peace of Prague
Bismarck secures a moderate settlement and rejects demands to annex Austrian territory.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Peace of Prague
Prussia and Baden conclude peace and a secret defensive alliance.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Peace of Prague
The settlement protects the separate sovereignty of southern Germany while allowing Prussian alliances.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Peace of Prague
The treaty confirms transfer of Austrian rights in Schleswig and Holstein to Prussia.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Rule of Holstein
Prussian annexation legislation incorporates the Duchy of Nassau.
Role range: 1866-1866 – 1862-1890
Records, sources and methodology
These dates and descriptions come from the historical_events database. Exact duplicate records have been collapsed. Names are grouped by the country, Name 2 and Name 1 fields; records with missing Name 2 cannot be reliably assigned to an individual biography. Check the underlying sources before formal citation.