Gulab Singh Biography and Timeline

Treaty of Lahore

The Treaty of Lahore ends the First Sikh War and requires major territorial and financial concessions from the Sikh state.

Role range: 1845-1846

Treaty of Amritsar

Gulab Singh acquires Kashmir under the Treaty of Amritsar following the First Sikh War.

Role range: 1845-1846

Treaty of Amritsar

The Treaty of Amritsar recognizes Gulab Singh as Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir after the First Sikh War.

Role range: 1845-1846

Hill Territories Enter Compensation Arrangement

Gulab Singh became central to the territorial compensation arrangements when the Sikh government could not meet its entire indemnity.

Separate Kashmir Settlement Follows Lahore

The settlement at Lahore paved the way for the separate 16 March treaty transferring defined hill territories to Gulab Singh.

Gulab Singh Agrees Kashmir Purchase

Gulab Singh concluded a separate treaty on 16 March giving him hereditary control of defined mountain territories in return for payment.

Hill Lands Transferred West Of Ravi

The first article granted Gulab Singh hereditary possession of specified territories between the Indus and Ravi, with stated exclusions.

Chamba Included In Territory Grant

The description of territory assigned under the treaty included Chamba among the transferred hill lands.

Lahul Excluded From Mountain Transfer

The territorial clause expressly excluded Lahul from the mountain lands transferred to Gulab Singh.

Boundary Commissioners Required To Survey

The treaty provided for commissioners of both sides to survey and define the eastern boundary of the transferred territory.

Seventy Five Lakh Payment Established

Gulab Singh agreed to pay seventy five lakh Nanakshahi rupees for the territory granted under the settlement.

October Deadline Set For Payment

The third article specified that fifty lakh rupees were to be paid by 1 October 1846.

Territorial Alterations Require British Consent

Gulab Singh agreed not to change the limits of his new territories without British concurrence.

Border Disputes Referred To Arbitration

The maharaja accepted British arbitration for disputes with Lahore or neighboring states.

Hill Forces Pledged To British Assistance

The treaty committed Gulab Singh's troops to cooperate with British forces operating in adjoining hill districts.

Foreign Recruitment Requires British Permission

Gulab Singh undertook not to employ British or other Western subjects without prior British government consent.

Annual Horse Goat Shawl Tribute Agreed

The treaty required an annual symbolic presentation of a horse, twelve shawl goats and three pairs of Kashmir shawls.

Gulab Singh Gains Kashmir Through Settlement

The postwar settlement enabled Gulab Singh to obtain Kashmir under a separate agreement with the East India Company.