Brian Cowen Biography

Represents Irish diplomacy as leaders negotiate institutional reforms for enlargement.

Represents Ireland at the signing of the Treaty of Nice.

Supports European assurances that the Nice Treaty does not undermine Ireland's traditional policy of military neutrality.

Directs Irish diplomatic work during the first half of the 2004 Presidency.

Succeeds Bertie Ahern as Taoiseach.

Cowen responds to the first Lisbon referendum defeat and opens discussions with European partners.

Acknowledges the rejection of the Lisbon Treaty, with 53.4 percent of voters opposing ratification.

Announces a state guarantee covering major liabilities of Irish domestic banks during the financial crisis.

Seeks assurances addressing Irish concerns over taxation, neutrality, ethical issues and retention of a national Commissioner.

Secures European Council guarantees intended to clarify Ireland's position before a second Lisbon referendum.

Cowen welcomes the second Lisbon vote, which clears the constitutional route for Irish ratification.

Cowen welcomes a 67.1 percent yes vote, clearing the constitutional obstacle to Irish Lisbon ratification.

Lisbon's institutional reforms become binding across the Union while Cowen serves as Taoiseach.